人教版2019高中选修2 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元知识总结清单（含练习题和书面表达句式及范文）
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版2019高中选修2 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元知识总结清单（含练习题和书面表达句式及范文） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 41.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-07-14 08:58:07 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）动词词组
subscribe to：同意；赞同；认购 (股份)；定期订购；定期交纳 (会费)。
例句：Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.（许多科学家赞同是人类活动导致了全球变暖这一观点。）
blame...on...：把…… 归咎于…… 。
例句：He blamed the accident on the bad weather.
（他把事故归咎于恶劣的天气。）
link...to...：把…… 连接起来；相关联。
例句：Since heart disease is often linked to our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
（由于心脏病通常与我们的生活方式选择相关联，我们需要把健康生活作为生活的重要部分。）
handle with：处理；对付。
例句：She can handle with the changes very well because she's very adaptable.（她能很好地应对这些变化，因为她适应性很强。）
trace back to：追溯；追踪；查出 。
例句：Much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can be traced back to Qian's research.（神舟火箭背后的许多技术可以追溯到钱学森的研究。）
（二）介词词组
thanks to：幸亏；由于。
例句：Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
（幸运的是，多亏了约翰 斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。）
above all：最重要的是；尤其是。
例句：Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
（最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。）
（三）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短语的正确形式填空。
Many people ___________ the belief that hard work leads to success.
The police are trying to ___________ the suspect's movements on the night of the crime.
___________ his help, I was able to finish the project on time.
She always ___________ difficult situations with great calmness.
The teacher ___________ the student's bad behavior ___________ his lack of discipline.
The custom ___________ the 18th century.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
许多专家赞同这个新理论。
由于你的努力，我们取得了巨大的成功。
你应该把这次失败归咎于自己的粗心。
这个小镇的历史可以追溯到古罗马时期。
最重要的是，我们必须相信自己。
我们应该学会如何处理压力。
二、语法知识点
（一）名词性从句（表语从句）
定义：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句，位于系动词（如 be, seem, remain 等）之后 。
引导词：that, what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, when, where, why, how, whether 等 。
例句
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.（约翰 斯诺向世界展示的是如何战胜霍乱。）
The problem was that all our theories were equally good.
（问题是我们所有的理论都同样好。）
（二）练习题
Complete the sentences with the proper words to introduce predicative clauses.
用适当的词完成句子，以引入谓语从句。
The question is ___________ we can finish the task on time.
That's ___________ he didn't come to school yesterday.
My suggestion is ___________ we should start early tomorrow.
It seems ___________ it is going to rain.
Rewrite the following sentences using predicative clauses.
用谓语从句改写下列句子。
We need to find out the reason. He was late for the meeting because of the reason.
They are discussing a problem. They should do the experiment in this way or not.
The truth is like this. The earth moves around the sun.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
结构分析：“Cholera used to be...” 是主句，描述霍乱过去的情况；“until...” 引导时间状语从句，“how it could be overcome” 是宾语从句，作 “showed” 的宾语 。
（二）What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
结构分析：“What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist” 是主语从句，作整个句子的主语；“was” 是系动词；“his strong interest in other things...” 是表语 。
（三）翻译练习题
太阳能过去曾是一种未被充分利用的能源，直到科学家们展示了如何有效地利用它。
使她成为如此优秀作家的可能是她丰富的生活经历和对文字的热爱。
电子邮件曾经是一种便捷的交流方式，直到即时通讯工具出现改变了这一局面。
可能让他在比赛中脱颖而出的是他独特的训练方法和坚韧的意志。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
科学研究相关词汇：scientific research, experiment, hypothesis, data collection, statistical analysis, conclusion
人物品质相关词汇：determined, creative, curious, brave, devoted, knowledgeable, outstanding
疾病与健康相关词汇：disease, infection, germ, prevent, treat, overcome
词组搭配词汇：subscribe to, thanks to, blame...on..., link...to..., above all
（二）高分句式积累
It is well known that...
例句：It is well known that science and technology play a vital role in modern society.（众所周知，科学技术在现代社会中起着至关重要的作用。）
As is often the case...
例句：As is often the case, hard work leads to success in scientific research.
（通常情况下，努力工作会在科学研究中带来成功。）
There is no doubt that...
例句：There is no doubt that a scientist's spirit of exploration is crucial.
（毫无疑问，科学家的探索精神至关重要。）
Only in this way can we...
例句：Only in this way can we make great progress in the field of science.
（只有这样，我们才能在科学领域取得巨大进步。）
（三）参考范文
The Scientific Spirit
The scientific spirit is of great significance in the development of science. It is well known that great scientists possess many valuable qualities.
For example, John Snow was determined to defeat cholera. Thanks to his tireless efforts and scientific methods, he finally found the source of the disease and saved countless lives. Qian Xuesen, with his strong sense of patriotism and outstanding professional knowledge, made substantial contributions to China's aerospace industry. He was willing to take on challenges and never gave up, which showed his unwavering scientific spirit.
There is no doubt that curiosity and creativity are also essential parts of the scientific spirit. Scientists are always curious about the unknown world, and they use their creativity to find new solutions. As is often the case, they face failures and difficulties, but they never lose heart.
In conclusion, the scientific spirit includes determination, curiosity, creativity, and a sense of responsibility. Only by carrying forward this spirit can we expect more breakthroughs in science and technology and make the world a better place.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：subscribe to
解析：“Many people”（许多人）和 “the belief that hard work leads to success”（努力工作通向成功这一信念），“subscribe to” 有 “同意；赞同” 的意思，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，所以用动词原形 “subscribe to”，表示许多人赞同这一信念。
答案：trace back
解析：“The police”（警察）和 “the suspect's movements on the night of the crime”（犯罪当晚嫌疑人的行踪），“trace back to” 表示 “追溯；追踪；查出”，“try to do sth.”（试图做某事），to 后接动词原形，这里省略 “to”，表示警察试图查出嫌疑人的行踪。
答案：Thanks to
解析：“his help”（他的帮助）和 “I was able to finish the project on time”（我能够按时完成项目），“thanks to” 表示 “幸亏；由于”，引导原因状语，句首字母大写，说明由于他的帮助，我才能按时完成项目 。
答案：handles with
解析：“She”（她）和 “difficult situations”（困难的情况），“handle with” 表示 “处理；对付”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以 “handle” 用第三人称单数形式 “handles”，表示她总是能很好地处理困难情况 。
答案：blamed; on
解析：“The teacher”（老师）、“the student's bad behavior”（学生的不良行为）和 “his lack of discipline”（他缺乏纪律性），“blame...on...” 表示 “把…… 归咎于……”，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“blame” 的过去式是 “blamed”，即老师把学生的不良行为归咎于他缺乏纪律性 。
答案：traces back to
解析：“The custom”（这个习俗）和 “the 18th century”（18 世纪），“trace back to” 表示 “追溯；追踪；查出”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以 “trace” 用第三人称单数形式 “traces”，表示这个习俗可追溯到 18 世纪 。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：Many experts subscribe to this new theory.
解析：“许多专家” 翻译为 “Many experts”；“赞同” 用 “subscribe to”；“这个新理论” 是 “this new theory”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形 。
答案：Thanks to your efforts, we achieved great success.
解析：“由于” 用 “Thanks to”，句首字母大写；“你的努力” 翻译为 “your efforts”；“我们取得了巨大的成功” 用 “we achieved great success”，句子时态为一般过去时，“achieve” 的过去式是 “achieved” 。
答案：You should blame this failure on your own carelessness.
解析：“你应该” 翻译为 “You should”；“把…… 归咎于……” 用 “blame...on...”；“这次失败” 是 “this failure”；“自己的粗心” 翻译为 “your own carelessness” 。
答案：The history of this small town can be traced back to the ancient Roman period.
解析：“这个小镇的历史” 翻译为 “The history of this small town”；“可以追溯到” 用 “can be traced back to”，含有情态动词的被动语态结构；“古罗马时期” 是 “the ancient Roman period” 。
答案：Above all, we must believe in ourselves.
解析：“最重要的是” 用 “Above all”，句首字母大写；“我们必须” 翻译为 “we must”；“相信自己” 是 “believe in ourselves” 。
答案：We should learn how to handle with stress.
解析：“我们应该” 翻译为 “We should”；“学会” 用 “learn”；“如何处理” 是 “how to handle with”；“压力” 翻译为 “stress” 。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the proper words to introduce predicative clauses
答案：whether
解析：“The question is...”（问题是……），“we can finish the task on time”（我们能按时完成任务），句子表达不确定能否按时完成任务，所以用 “whether” 引导表语从句，表示 “是否” 。
答案：why
解析：“That's...”（那是……），“he didn't come to school yesterday”（他昨天没来上学），这里是解释他没来上学的原因，所以用 “why” 引导表语从句，表示 “为什么” 。
答案：that
解析：“My suggestion is...”（我的建议是……），“we should start early tomorrow”（我们明天应该早点出发），从句成分完整，意思明确，所以用 “that” 引导表语从句，“that” 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用 。
答案：that
解析：“It seems...”（似乎……），“it is going to rain”（要下雨了），从句成分完整，“it seems that...” 是常用句型，所以用 “that” 引导表语从句 。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using predicative clauses
答案：We need to find out the reason why he was late for the meeting.
解析：原句 “We need to find out the reason. He was late for the meeting because of the reason.”，将后一句改为由 “why” 引导的表语从句，修饰 “the reason”，说明迟到的原因，“why” 在从句中作原因状语 。
答案：They are discussing a problem whether they should do the experiment in this way or not.
解析：原句 “They are discussing a problem. They should do the experiment in this way or not.”，把后一句改为由 “whether” 引导的表语从句，作 “a problem” 的表语，“whether...or not” 表示 “是否” 。
答案：The truth is that the earth moves around the sun.
解析：原句 “The truth is like this. The earth moves around the sun.”，将后一句改为由 “that” 引导的表语从句，“that” 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，说明事实的内容 。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：Solar energy used to be an underutilized energy source, until scientists showed how it could be used effectively.
解析：仿照 “Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.”，“太阳能” 是 “Solar energy”；“过去曾是一种未被充分利用的能源” 翻译为 “used to be an underutilized energy source”；“直到科学家们展示了如何有效地利用它” 用 “until scientists showed how it could be used effectively”，“how it could be used effectively” 是宾语从句 。
答案：What might have made her such an excellent writer was probably her rich life experiences and love for words.
解析：依据 “What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.”，“使她成为如此优秀作家的” 翻译为 “What might have made her such an excellent writer”，作主语从句；“可能是” 用 “was probably”；“她丰富的生活经历和对文字的热爱” 是 “her rich life experiences and love for words” 。
答案：Email used to be a convenient way of communication, until instant messaging tools emerged and changed the situation.
解析：参照 “Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.”，“电子邮件” 是 “Email”；“曾经是一种便捷的交流方式” 翻译为 “used to be a convenient way of communication”；“直到即时通讯工具出现改变了这一局面” 用 “until instant messaging tools emerged and changed the situation” 。
答案：What might have made him stand out in the competition was probably his unique training methods and tenacious will.
解析：按照 “What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.”，“可能让他在比赛中脱颖而出的” 翻译为 “What might have made him stand out in the competition”，作主语从句；“是” 用 “was”；“他独特的训练方法和坚韧的意志” 是 “his unique training methods and tenacious will” 。
Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）动词词组
subscribe to：同意；赞同；认购 (股份)；定期订购；定期交纳 (会费)。
例句：Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.（许多科学家赞同是人类活动导致了全球变暖这一观点。）
blame...on...：把…… 归咎于…… 。
例句：He blamed the accident on the bad weather.
（他把事故归咎于恶劣的天气。）
link...to...：把…… 连接起来；相关联。
例句：Since heart disease is often linked to our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
（由于心脏病通常与我们的生活方式选择相关联，我们需要把健康生活作为生活的重要部分。）
handle with：处理；对付。
例句：She can handle with the changes very well because she's very adaptable.（她能很好地应对这些变化，因为她适应性很强。）
trace back to：追溯；追踪；查出 。
例句：Much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can be traced back to Qian's research.（神舟火箭背后的许多技术可以追溯到钱学森的研究。）
（二）介词词组
thanks to：幸亏；由于。
例句：Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
（幸运的是，多亏了约翰 斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。）
above all：最重要的是；尤其是。
例句：Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
（最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。）
（三）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短语的正确形式填空。
Many people ___________ the belief that hard work leads to success.
The police are trying to ___________ the suspect's movements on the night of the crime.
___________ his help, I was able to finish the project on time.
She always ___________ difficult situations with great calmness.
The teacher ___________ the student's bad behavior ___________ his lack of discipline.
The custom ___________ the 18th century.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
许多专家赞同这个新理论。
由于你的努力，我们取得了巨大的成功。
你应该把这次失败归咎于自己的粗心。
这个小镇的历史可以追溯到古罗马时期。
最重要的是，我们必须相信自己。
我们应该学会如何处理压力。
二、语法知识点
（一）名词性从句（表语从句）
定义：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句，位于系动词（如 be, seem, remain 等）之后 。
引导词：that, what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, when, where, why, how, whether 等 。
例句
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.（约翰 斯诺向世界展示的是如何战胜霍乱。）
The problem was that all our theories were equally good.
（问题是我们所有的理论都同样好。）
（二）练习题
Complete the sentences with the proper words to introduce predicative clauses.
用适当的词完成句子，以引入谓语从句。
The question is ___________ we can finish the task on time.
That's ___________ he didn't come to school yesterday.
My suggestion is ___________ we should start early tomorrow.
It seems ___________ it is going to rain.
Rewrite the following sentences using predicative clauses.
用谓语从句改写下列句子。
We need to find out the reason. He was late for the meeting because of the reason.
They are discussing a problem. They should do the experiment in this way or not.
The truth is like this. The earth moves around the sun.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
结构分析：“Cholera used to be...” 是主句，描述霍乱过去的情况；“until...” 引导时间状语从句，“how it could be overcome” 是宾语从句，作 “showed” 的宾语 。
（二）What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
结构分析：“What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist” 是主语从句，作整个句子的主语；“was” 是系动词；“his strong interest in other things...” 是表语 。
（三）翻译练习题
太阳能过去曾是一种未被充分利用的能源，直到科学家们展示了如何有效地利用它。
使她成为如此优秀作家的可能是她丰富的生活经历和对文字的热爱。
电子邮件曾经是一种便捷的交流方式，直到即时通讯工具出现改变了这一局面。
可能让他在比赛中脱颖而出的是他独特的训练方法和坚韧的意志。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
科学研究相关词汇：scientific research, experiment, hypothesis, data collection, statistical analysis, conclusion
人物品质相关词汇：determined, creative, curious, brave, devoted, knowledgeable, outstanding
疾病与健康相关词汇：disease, infection, germ, prevent, treat, overcome
词组搭配词汇：subscribe to, thanks to, blame...on..., link...to..., above all
（二）高分句式积累
It is well known that...
例句：It is well known that science and technology play a vital role in modern society.（众所周知，科学技术在现代社会中起着至关重要的作用。）
As is often the case...
例句：As is often the case, hard work leads to success in scientific research.
（通常情况下，努力工作会在科学研究中带来成功。）
There is no doubt that...
例句：There is no doubt that a scientist's spirit of exploration is crucial.
（毫无疑问，科学家的探索精神至关重要。）
Only in this way can we...
例句：Only in this way can we make great progress in the field of science.
（只有这样，我们才能在科学领域取得巨大进步。）
（三）参考范文
The Scientific Spirit
The scientific spirit is of great significance in the development of science. It is well known that great scientists possess many valuable qualities.
For example, John Snow was determined to defeat cholera. Thanks to his tireless efforts and scientific methods, he finally found the source of the disease and saved countless lives. Qian Xuesen, with his strong sense of patriotism and outstanding professional knowledge, made substantial contributions to China's aerospace industry. He was willing to take on challenges and never gave up, which showed his unwavering scientific spirit.
There is no doubt that curiosity and creativity are also essential parts of the scientific spirit. Scientists are always curious about the unknown world, and they use their creativity to find new solutions. As is often the case, they face failures and difficulties, but they never lose heart.
In conclusion, the scientific spirit includes determination, curiosity, creativity, and a sense of responsibility. Only by carrying forward this spirit can we expect more breakthroughs in science and technology and make the world a better place.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：subscribe to
解析：“Many people”（许多人）和 “the belief that hard work leads to success”（努力工作通向成功这一信念），“subscribe to” 有 “同意；赞同” 的意思，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，所以用动词原形 “subscribe to”，表示许多人赞同这一信念。
答案：trace back
解析：“The police”（警察）和 “the suspect's movements on the night of the crime”（犯罪当晚嫌疑人的行踪），“trace back to” 表示 “追溯；追踪；查出”，“try to do sth.”（试图做某事），to 后接动词原形，这里省略 “to”，表示警察试图查出嫌疑人的行踪。
答案：Thanks to
解析：“his help”（他的帮助）和 “I was able to finish the project on time”（我能够按时完成项目），“thanks to” 表示 “幸亏；由于”，引导原因状语，句首字母大写，说明由于他的帮助，我才能按时完成项目 。
答案：handles with
解析：“She”（她）和 “difficult situations”（困难的情况），“handle with” 表示 “处理；对付”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以 “handle” 用第三人称单数形式 “handles”，表示她总是能很好地处理困难情况 。
答案：blamed; on
解析：“The teacher”（老师）、“the student's bad behavior”（学生的不良行为）和 “his lack of discipline”（他缺乏纪律性），“blame...on...” 表示 “把…… 归咎于……”，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“blame” 的过去式是 “blamed”，即老师把学生的不良行为归咎于他缺乏纪律性 。
答案：traces back to
解析：“The custom”（这个习俗）和 “the 18th century”（18 世纪），“trace back to” 表示 “追溯；追踪；查出”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以 “trace” 用第三人称单数形式 “traces”，表示这个习俗可追溯到 18 世纪 。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：Many experts subscribe to this new theory.
解析：“许多专家” 翻译为 “Many experts”；“赞同” 用 “subscribe to”；“这个新理论” 是 “this new theory”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形 。
答案：Thanks to your efforts, we achieved great success.
解析：“由于” 用 “Thanks to”，句首字母大写；“你的努力” 翻译为 “your efforts”；“我们取得了巨大的成功” 用 “we achieved great success”，句子时态为一般过去时，“achieve” 的过去式是 “achieved” 。
答案：You should blame this failure on your own carelessness.
解析：“你应该” 翻译为 “You should”；“把…… 归咎于……” 用 “blame...on...”；“这次失败” 是 “this failure”；“自己的粗心” 翻译为 “your own carelessness” 。
答案：The history of this small town can be traced back to the ancient Roman period.
解析：“这个小镇的历史” 翻译为 “The history of this small town”；“可以追溯到” 用 “can be traced back to”，含有情态动词的被动语态结构；“古罗马时期” 是 “the ancient Roman period” 。
答案：Above all, we must believe in ourselves.
解析：“最重要的是” 用 “Above all”，句首字母大写；“我们必须” 翻译为 “we must”；“相信自己” 是 “believe in ourselves” 。
答案：We should learn how to handle with stress.
解析：“我们应该” 翻译为 “We should”；“学会” 用 “learn”；“如何处理” 是 “how to handle with”；“压力” 翻译为 “stress” 。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the proper words to introduce predicative clauses
答案：whether
解析：“The question is...”（问题是……），“we can finish the task on time”（我们能按时完成任务），句子表达不确定能否按时完成任务，所以用 “whether” 引导表语从句，表示 “是否” 。
答案：why
解析：“That's...”（那是……），“he didn't come to school yesterday”（他昨天没来上学），这里是解释他没来上学的原因，所以用 “why” 引导表语从句，表示 “为什么” 。
答案：that
解析：“My suggestion is...”（我的建议是……），“we should start early tomorrow”（我们明天应该早点出发），从句成分完整，意思明确，所以用 “that” 引导表语从句，“that” 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用 。
答案：that
解析：“It seems...”（似乎……），“it is going to rain”（要下雨了），从句成分完整，“it seems that...” 是常用句型，所以用 “that” 引导表语从句 。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using predicative clauses
答案：We need to find out the reason why he was late for the meeting.
解析：原句 “We need to find out the reason. He was late for the meeting because of the reason.”，将后一句改为由 “why” 引导的表语从句，修饰 “the reason”，说明迟到的原因，“why” 在从句中作原因状语 。
答案：They are discussing a problem whether they should do the experiment in this way or not.
解析：原句 “They are discussing a problem. They should do the experiment in this way or not.”，把后一句改为由 “whether” 引导的表语从句，作 “a problem” 的表语，“whether...or not” 表示 “是否” 。
答案：The truth is that the earth moves around the sun.
解析：原句 “The truth is like this. The earth moves around the sun.”，将后一句改为由 “that” 引导的表语从句，“that” 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，说明事实的内容 。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：Solar energy used to be an underutilized energy source, until scientists showed how it could be used effectively.
解析：仿照 “Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.”，“太阳能” 是 “Solar energy”；“过去曾是一种未被充分利用的能源” 翻译为 “used to be an underutilized energy source”；“直到科学家们展示了如何有效地利用它” 用 “until scientists showed how it could be used effectively”，“how it could be used effectively” 是宾语从句 。
答案：What might have made her such an excellent writer was probably her rich life experiences and love for words.
解析：依据 “What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.”，“使她成为如此优秀作家的” 翻译为 “What might have made her such an excellent writer”，作主语从句；“可能是” 用 “was probably”；“她丰富的生活经历和对文字的热爱” 是 “her rich life experiences and love for words” 。
答案：Email used to be a convenient way of communication, until instant messaging tools emerged and changed the situation.
解析：参照 “Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.”，“电子邮件” 是 “Email”；“曾经是一种便捷的交流方式” 翻译为 “used to be a convenient way of communication”；“直到即时通讯工具出现改变了这一局面” 用 “until instant messaging tools emerged and changed the situation” 。
答案：What might have made him stand out in the competition was probably his unique training methods and tenacious will.
解析：按照 “What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.”，“可能让他在比赛中脱颖而出的” 翻译为 “What might have made him stand out in the competition”，作主语从句；“是” 用 “was”；“他独特的训练方法和坚韧的意志” 是 “his unique training methods and tenacious will” 。