人教版2019高中选修2 Unit 5 First Aid 单元知识总结清单（含练习题和书面表达句式及范文）
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Unit 5 First Aid 单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）动词词组
interrupt sb. / sth.：打断；打扰；使暂停、中断。
例句：Don't interrupt me when I'm speaking.（我说话的时候不要打断我。）
react to：对…… 做出反应。
例句：The government reacted quickly to the emergency.
（政府对紧急情况迅速做出反应。）
justify sth.：证明…… 有道理；为…… 辩护；是…… 的正当理由 。
例句：How can you justify your behavior （你如何为自己的行为辩解？）
help sb. to one's feet：帮助某人站起身来。
例句：He helped the old man to his feet after the old man fell down.
（老人摔倒后，他扶老人站了起来。）
wrap...around...：用…… 围住；包、裹。
例句：She wrapped a scarf around her neck to keep warm.
（她围着围巾保暖。）
perform the Heimlich manoeuvre：实施海姆利克式操作法。
例句：In case of choking, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to save the victim.（遇到窒息情况，你可以实施海姆利克式操作法救助患者。）
（二）介词词组
in case of：假如；如果发生；防备。
例句：In case of fire, please use the emergency exit.
（如遇火灾，请使用紧急出口。）
in need of：需要。
例句：The victims of the disaster are in need of food and shelter.
（灾难的受害者需要食物和住所。）
without delay：毫不拖延地；立即。
例句：The injured should be sent to the hospital without delay.
（受伤者应立即送往医院。）
（三）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短语的正确形式填空。
When the earthquake happened, people didn't know how to ___________ it at first.
It's impolite to ___________ others when they are having a conversation.
The kind - hearted boy ___________ the old lady ___________ her feet after she slipped on the ice.
___________ an emergency, press the red button.
We should send the medicine to the patients ___________.
Can you ___________ your decision to give up the plan
She ___________ a blanket ___________ the baby to keep it warm.
If someone is choking, you can ___________ to help him.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
老师正在讲话，不要打断他。
遇到危险时，我们应该保持冷静并迅速做出反应。
他需要你的帮助。
请立即完成这项任务。
你如何证明这个做法是正确的？
志愿者们帮助地震中的受害者站起身来。
用绷带缠住伤口可以防止感染。
如果有人被食物噎住，实施海姆利克式操作法或许能救他一命。
二、语法知识点
（一）-ing 形式的用法
作主语：表示抽象的、一般性的行为或事情。
例句：Getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
（被烧伤可能会导致非常严重的伤害。）
作表语：说明主语的内容或性质，可转换为动名词短语作主语的句子。
例句：The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.（烧伤治疗中首要且最重要的步骤是进行急救。）
作宾语：跟在某些动词或介词后作宾语 。
例句：You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
（你可以用一块宽松干净的布覆盖烧伤部位来保护它。）
作定语：单个的 -ing 形式作定语通常放在被修饰词前面； -ing 短语作定语则放在被修饰词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
例句：The running water can stop the burning process.
（流动的水可以阻止烧伤过程。）
The man standing over there is a doctor.（站在那边的那个人是一名医生。）
作状语：可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等。
例句：Hearing the news, she couldn't help crying.
（听到这个消息，她忍不住哭了。）（时间状语）
Being ill, he didn't go to school.（因为生病，他没去上学。）（原因状语）
（二）练习题
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words (-ing form).
用所给单词的正确形式（-ing形式）完成句子。
___________ (swim) is a good way to keep fit.
The film is so ___________ (interest) that many people like it.
He left the room without ___________ (say) a word.
Look at the boy ___________ (play) basketball on the playground.
___________ (work) hard, you will succeed.
Rewrite the following sentences using -ing form.
用-ing形式改写下列句子。
When he saw the accident, he called the police immediately.
Because she was tired, she stopped to have a rest.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He sat in the chair and read a book.
The teacher came into the classroom and carried a book in his hand.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
结构分析：此句是由 and 连接的并列句，两个分句的主语都是 “the skin”，分别说明皮肤是身体重要部分和最大器官 。
（二）Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
结构分析：“Burns are divided into three types” 是句子主干，“depending on the depth of skin damage” 是现在分词短语作状语，表依据 。
（三）翻译练习题
心脏是人体最重要的器官之一。
根据受伤的严重程度，伤者被分为不同的类别。
大脑是人体的重要组成部分，它控制着身体的各种功能。
这些植物根据生长环境的不同被分为好几类。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
急救相关词汇：first aid（急救），paramedic（急救医生；护理人员），ambulance（救护车），emergency（紧急情况；突发事件），urgent（紧急的；急迫的），vital sign（生命体征）
受伤情况词汇：burn（烧伤），cut（割伤；伤口），sprain（扭伤），bleeding（流血；失血），swollen（肿起的；肿胀的），choke（窒息；哽咽）
处理措施词汇：treat（治疗；处理），bandage（用绷带包扎），wrap（包；裹），perform（实施；执行），rescue（救援；营救）
词组搭配：interrupt sb. / sth.，react to，justify sth.，help sb. to one's feet，wrap...around...，perform the Heimlich manoeuvre，in case of，in need of，without delay
（二）高分句式积累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is necessary for us to learn some first - aid knowledge.
（对我们来说，学习一些急救知识是必要的。）
As...，...
例句：As we all know, first aid can save lives in emergencies.
（众所周知，急救在紧急情况下可以挽救生命。）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
例句：The more first - aid skills you master, the safer you will be.
（你掌握的急救技能越多，你就会越安全。）
Not only...but also...
例句：First - aid knowledge not only helps yourself but also benefits others.
（急救知识不仅有助于自己，还能造福他人。）
（三）参考范文
My Experience of Giving First Aid
One sunny afternoon, I witnessed an accident on my way home. A cyclist was knocked down by a car, and he fell to the ground with a painful expression. Blood was streaming from his leg, and he seemed to be in great pain.
Seeing this, I immediately ran to him. First, I called 120 without delay. Then, I tried to calm him down and asked if he could move. Since he said his leg hurt badly and he couldn't move, I didn't try to move him to avoid further injury. Instead, I used a clean handkerchief to press gently on the wound to stop the bleeding as much as possible.
A few minutes later, the ambulance arrived. The paramedics quickly examined him and took him to the hospital. I felt relieved that I could do something to help in this emergency. This experience made me realize the importance of learning first - aid knowledge. As the saying goes, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” Learning first aid enables us to react calmly and effectively in times of crisis, and it may even save a life.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：react to
解析：“When the earthquake happened, people didn't know how to...it at first.”，句子表达地震发生时人们不知如何应对，“react to” 表示 “对…… 做出反应”，符合语境，且 “how to do sth.” 结构中 to 后接动词原形，所以填 “react to”。
答案：interrupt
解析：“It's impolite to...others when they are having a conversation.”，根据常识，别人交谈时打断是不礼貌的，“interrupt sb. /sth.” 表示 “打断；打扰”，“It's + adj. + to do sth.” 结构中 to 后接动词原形，因此填 “interrupt”。
答案：helped; to her
解析：“The kind - hearted boy...the old lady...her feet after she slipped on the ice.”，描述男孩帮助滑倒的老太太站起来，“help sb. to one's feet” 表示 “帮助某人站起身来”，句子时态为一般过去时，“help” 的过去式是 “helped”，所以填 “helped; to her” 。
答案：In case of
解析：“...an emergency, press the red button.”，句子意思是遇到紧急情况按红色按钮，“in case of” 表示 “假如；如果发生；防备”，句首字母大写，故填 “In case of”。
答案：without delay
解析：“We should send the medicine to the patients...”，结合语境，药物应尽快送给病人，“without delay” 表示 “毫不拖延地；立即”，所以填 “without delay”。
答案：justify
解析：“Can you...your decision to give up the plan ”，句子询问如何为放弃计划的决定辩解，“justify sth.” 表示 “证明…… 有道理；为…… 辩护”，情态动词 “Can” 后接动词原形，因此填 “justify”。
答案：wrapped; around
解析：“She...a blanket...the baby to keep it warm.”，表达她用毯子裹住婴儿保暖，“wrap...around...” 表示 “用…… 围住；包、裹”，句子时态为一般过去时，“wrap” 的过去式是 “wrapped”，所以填 “wrapped; around” 。
答案：perform the Heimlich manoeuvre
解析：“If someone is choking, you can...to help him.”，当有人窒息时应实施海姆利克式操作法救助，“perform the Heimlich manoeuvre” 表示 “实施海姆利克式操作法”，“can” 后接动词原形，故填 “perform the Heimlich manoeuvre”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：Don't interrupt the teacher when he is speaking.
解析：“不要打断” 用 “Don't interrupt”，“老师” 是 “the teacher”，“当他正在讲话时” 用 “when he is speaking”，“interrupt sb. /sth.” 结构，直接套用词组翻译。
答案：When in danger, we should keep calm and react quickly.
解析：“遇到危险时” 可简化翻译为 “When in danger”（省略了主语和 be 动词，属于状语从句的省略），“我们应该” 是 “we should”，“保持冷静” 是 “keep calm”，“迅速做出反应” 用 “react quickly”，“react to” 中这里的 “to” 省略，因为 “danger” 不是具体动作的对象，直接用 “react” 表示做出反应 。
答案：He is in need of your help.
解析：“他” 是 “He”，“需要” 用 “be in need of”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，所以 “be” 动词用 “is”，“你的帮助” 是 “your help”，直接套用词组 “in need of” 翻译。
答案：Please finish this task without delay.
解析：“请” 用 “Please”，“完成这项任务” 是 “finish this task”，“立即” 用 “without delay”，直接按照词组搭配翻译。
答案：How can you justify this practice
解析：“如何” 用 “How”，“你” 是 “you”，“证明…… 是正确的” 即 “为…… 辩护”，用 “justify sth.”，“这个做法” 是 “this practice”，情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形，套用词组翻译。
答案：The volunteers helped the victims of the earthquake to their feet.
解析：“志愿者们” 是 “The volunteers”，“帮助” 用 “helped”（一般过去时），“地震中的受害者” 是 “the victims of the earthquake”，“站起身来” 用 “help sb. to one's feet”，这里 “sb.” 是 “the victims”，所以 “one's” 用 “their”，套用词组翻译。
答案：Wrapping a bandage around the wound can prevent infection.
解析：“用绷带缠住伤口” 在句中作主语，动词短语作主语要用动名词形式，“wrap...around...” 表示 “用…… 围住；包、裹”，所以是 “Wrapping a bandage around the wound”，“可以防止感染” 是 “can prevent infection”，套用词组翻译。
答案：If someone is choked by food, performing the Heimlich manoeuvre may save his life.
解析：“如果有人被食物噎住” 用 “If someone is choked by food”，“实施海姆利克式操作法” 在句中作主语，用动名词形式 “performing the Heimlich manoeuvre”，“或许能救他一命” 是 “may save his life”，套用词组翻译。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words (-ing form)
答案：Swimming
解析：句子 “...is a good way to keep fit.” 缺少主语，“swim” 是动词，动名词 “Swimming” 作主语，表示游泳这种行为，符合 “-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的、一般性的行为或事情” 的语法规则 。
答案：interesting
解析：“The film is so...that many people like it.”，这里形容电影的性质是有趣的，“-ing 形式形容词” 通常表示事物的性质或特征，“interesting” 表示 “有趣的”，符合语法和语境。
答案：saying
解析：“He left the room without...a word.”，“without” 是介词，介词后接动词的 -ing 形式作宾语，所以 “say” 要变为 “saying”，符合 “-ing 形式作宾语跟在某些介词后” 的语法规则。
答案：playing
解析：“Look at the boy...basketball on the playground.”，“playing basketball on the playground” 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 “the boy”，表示正在操场上打篮球的男孩，相当于定语从句 “who is playing basketball on the playground”，符合 “-ing 短语作定语放在被修饰词后面” 的语法规则。
答案：Working
解析：“...hard, you will succeed.”，“Working hard” 是现在分词短语作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句 “If you work hard”，表示如果你努力工作，符合 “-ing 形式作状语可表示条件” 的语法规则。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using -ing form
答案：Seeing the accident, he called the police immediately.
解析：原句 “When he saw the accident, he called the police immediately.” 中，时间状语从句的主语 “he” 和主句主语一致，且从句含实义动词 “saw”，可省略从句的主语 “he” 和 “when”，将 “saw” 变为现在分词 “seeing”，用现在分词短语 “Seeing the accident” 作时间状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可省略从句主语和部分成分” 的语法规则。
答案：Being tired, she stopped to have a rest.
解析：原句 “Because she was tired, she stopped to have a rest.” 中，原因状语从句的主语 “she” 和主句主语一致，且从句含 “be” 动词 “was”，可省略从句的主语 “she” 和 “Because”“was”，将 “tired” 前加上 “being”，用现在分词短语 “Being tired” 作原因状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表原因，且从句主语和主句主语一致时的省略规则”。
答案：Studying hard, you will pass the exam.
解析：原句 “If you study hard, you will pass the exam.” 中，条件状语从句的主语 “you” 和主句主语一致，可省略从句的 “if” 和主语 “you”，将 “study” 变为现在分词 “studying”，用现在分词短语 “Studying hard” 作条件状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表条件，且从句主语和主句主语一致时的省略规则”。
答案：He sat in the chair, reading a book.
解析：原句 “He sat in the chair and read a book.” 中，“read a book” 和 “sat in the chair” 两个动作同时发生，“read” 和主语 “He” 是主动关系，将 “read” 变为现在分词 “reading”，用现在分词短语 “reading a book” 作伴随状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表伴随” 的语法规则。
答案：The teacher came into the classroom, carrying a book in his hand.
解析：原句 “The teacher came into the classroom and carried a book in his hand.” 中，“carried a book in his hand” 和 “came into the classroom” 两个动作同时发生，“carry” 和主语 “The teacher” 是主动关系，将 “carried” 变为现在分词 “carrying”，用现在分词短语 “carrying a book in his hand” 作伴随状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表伴随” 的语法规则。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：The heart is one of the most important organs of the human body.
解析：参照 “The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.” 的结构，“心脏” 是 “The heart”，“是…… 之一” 用 “is one of...”，“最重要的器官” 是 “the most important organs”，“人体” 是 “the human body”，按照并列句结构翻译，强调心脏在人体中的重要地位。
答案：The injured are divided into different categories, depending on the severity of the injury.
解析：依据 “Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.” 的结构，“伤者” 是 “The injured”（the + 形容词表示一类人），“被分为不同的类别” 是 “are divided into different categories”，“根据受伤的严重程度” 用现在分词短语 “depending on the severity of the injury” 作状语表依据，套用原句结构翻译。
答案：The brain is an important part of the human body, and it controls various functions of the body.
解析：参考 “The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.” 的并列句结构，“大脑” 是 “The brain”，“是人体的重要组成部分” 是 “is an important part of the human body”，“它控制着身体的各种功能” 是 “it controls various functions of the body”，用 “and” 连接两个分句，阐述大脑的重要性和功能。
答案：These plants are divided into several categories, depending on the different growth environments.
解析：仿照 “Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.” 的结构，“这些植物” 是 “These plants”，“被分为好几类” 是 “are divided into several categories”，“根据生长环境的不同” 用现在分词短语 “depending on the different growth environments” 作状语表依据，按原句结构翻译 。
Unit 5 First Aid 单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）动词词组
interrupt sb. / sth.：打断；打扰；使暂停、中断。
例句：Don't interrupt me when I'm speaking.（我说话的时候不要打断我。）
react to：对…… 做出反应。
例句：The government reacted quickly to the emergency.
（政府对紧急情况迅速做出反应。）
justify sth.：证明…… 有道理；为…… 辩护；是…… 的正当理由 。
例句：How can you justify your behavior （你如何为自己的行为辩解？）
help sb. to one's feet：帮助某人站起身来。
例句：He helped the old man to his feet after the old man fell down.
（老人摔倒后，他扶老人站了起来。）
wrap...around...：用…… 围住；包、裹。
例句：She wrapped a scarf around her neck to keep warm.
（她围着围巾保暖。）
perform the Heimlich manoeuvre：实施海姆利克式操作法。
例句：In case of choking, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to save the victim.（遇到窒息情况，你可以实施海姆利克式操作法救助患者。）
（二）介词词组
in case of：假如；如果发生；防备。
例句：In case of fire, please use the emergency exit.
（如遇火灾，请使用紧急出口。）
in need of：需要。
例句：The victims of the disaster are in need of food and shelter.
（灾难的受害者需要食物和住所。）
without delay：毫不拖延地；立即。
例句：The injured should be sent to the hospital without delay.
（受伤者应立即送往医院。）
（三）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短语的正确形式填空。
When the earthquake happened, people didn't know how to ___________ it at first.
It's impolite to ___________ others when they are having a conversation.
The kind - hearted boy ___________ the old lady ___________ her feet after she slipped on the ice.
___________ an emergency, press the red button.
We should send the medicine to the patients ___________.
Can you ___________ your decision to give up the plan
She ___________ a blanket ___________ the baby to keep it warm.
If someone is choking, you can ___________ to help him.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
老师正在讲话，不要打断他。
遇到危险时，我们应该保持冷静并迅速做出反应。
他需要你的帮助。
请立即完成这项任务。
你如何证明这个做法是正确的？
志愿者们帮助地震中的受害者站起身来。
用绷带缠住伤口可以防止感染。
如果有人被食物噎住，实施海姆利克式操作法或许能救他一命。
二、语法知识点
（一）-ing 形式的用法
作主语：表示抽象的、一般性的行为或事情。
例句：Getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
（被烧伤可能会导致非常严重的伤害。）
作表语：说明主语的内容或性质，可转换为动名词短语作主语的句子。
例句：The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.（烧伤治疗中首要且最重要的步骤是进行急救。）
作宾语：跟在某些动词或介词后作宾语 。
例句：You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
（你可以用一块宽松干净的布覆盖烧伤部位来保护它。）
作定语：单个的 -ing 形式作定语通常放在被修饰词前面； -ing 短语作定语则放在被修饰词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
例句：The running water can stop the burning process.
（流动的水可以阻止烧伤过程。）
The man standing over there is a doctor.（站在那边的那个人是一名医生。）
作状语：可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等。
例句：Hearing the news, she couldn't help crying.
（听到这个消息，她忍不住哭了。）（时间状语）
Being ill, he didn't go to school.（因为生病，他没去上学。）（原因状语）
（二）练习题
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words (-ing form).
用所给单词的正确形式（-ing形式）完成句子。
___________ (swim) is a good way to keep fit.
The film is so ___________ (interest) that many people like it.
He left the room without ___________ (say) a word.
Look at the boy ___________ (play) basketball on the playground.
___________ (work) hard, you will succeed.
Rewrite the following sentences using -ing form.
用-ing形式改写下列句子。
When he saw the accident, he called the police immediately.
Because she was tired, she stopped to have a rest.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He sat in the chair and read a book.
The teacher came into the classroom and carried a book in his hand.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
结构分析：此句是由 and 连接的并列句，两个分句的主语都是 “the skin”，分别说明皮肤是身体重要部分和最大器官 。
（二）Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
结构分析：“Burns are divided into three types” 是句子主干，“depending on the depth of skin damage” 是现在分词短语作状语，表依据 。
（三）翻译练习题
心脏是人体最重要的器官之一。
根据受伤的严重程度，伤者被分为不同的类别。
大脑是人体的重要组成部分，它控制着身体的各种功能。
这些植物根据生长环境的不同被分为好几类。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
急救相关词汇：first aid（急救），paramedic（急救医生；护理人员），ambulance（救护车），emergency（紧急情况；突发事件），urgent（紧急的；急迫的），vital sign（生命体征）
受伤情况词汇：burn（烧伤），cut（割伤；伤口），sprain（扭伤），bleeding（流血；失血），swollen（肿起的；肿胀的），choke（窒息；哽咽）
处理措施词汇：treat（治疗；处理），bandage（用绷带包扎），wrap（包；裹），perform（实施；执行），rescue（救援；营救）
词组搭配：interrupt sb. / sth.，react to，justify sth.，help sb. to one's feet，wrap...around...，perform the Heimlich manoeuvre，in case of，in need of，without delay
（二）高分句式积累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is necessary for us to learn some first - aid knowledge.
（对我们来说，学习一些急救知识是必要的。）
As...，...
例句：As we all know, first aid can save lives in emergencies.
（众所周知，急救在紧急情况下可以挽救生命。）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
例句：The more first - aid skills you master, the safer you will be.
（你掌握的急救技能越多，你就会越安全。）
Not only...but also...
例句：First - aid knowledge not only helps yourself but also benefits others.
（急救知识不仅有助于自己，还能造福他人。）
（三）参考范文
My Experience of Giving First Aid
One sunny afternoon, I witnessed an accident on my way home. A cyclist was knocked down by a car, and he fell to the ground with a painful expression. Blood was streaming from his leg, and he seemed to be in great pain.
Seeing this, I immediately ran to him. First, I called 120 without delay. Then, I tried to calm him down and asked if he could move. Since he said his leg hurt badly and he couldn't move, I didn't try to move him to avoid further injury. Instead, I used a clean handkerchief to press gently on the wound to stop the bleeding as much as possible.
A few minutes later, the ambulance arrived. The paramedics quickly examined him and took him to the hospital. I felt relieved that I could do something to help in this emergency. This experience made me realize the importance of learning first - aid knowledge. As the saying goes, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” Learning first aid enables us to react calmly and effectively in times of crisis, and it may even save a life.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：react to
解析：“When the earthquake happened, people didn't know how to...it at first.”，句子表达地震发生时人们不知如何应对，“react to” 表示 “对…… 做出反应”，符合语境，且 “how to do sth.” 结构中 to 后接动词原形，所以填 “react to”。
答案：interrupt
解析：“It's impolite to...others when they are having a conversation.”，根据常识，别人交谈时打断是不礼貌的，“interrupt sb. /sth.” 表示 “打断；打扰”，“It's + adj. + to do sth.” 结构中 to 后接动词原形，因此填 “interrupt”。
答案：helped; to her
解析：“The kind - hearted boy...the old lady...her feet after she slipped on the ice.”，描述男孩帮助滑倒的老太太站起来，“help sb. to one's feet” 表示 “帮助某人站起身来”，句子时态为一般过去时，“help” 的过去式是 “helped”，所以填 “helped; to her” 。
答案：In case of
解析：“...an emergency, press the red button.”，句子意思是遇到紧急情况按红色按钮，“in case of” 表示 “假如；如果发生；防备”，句首字母大写，故填 “In case of”。
答案：without delay
解析：“We should send the medicine to the patients...”，结合语境，药物应尽快送给病人，“without delay” 表示 “毫不拖延地；立即”，所以填 “without delay”。
答案：justify
解析：“Can you...your decision to give up the plan ”，句子询问如何为放弃计划的决定辩解，“justify sth.” 表示 “证明…… 有道理；为…… 辩护”，情态动词 “Can” 后接动词原形，因此填 “justify”。
答案：wrapped; around
解析：“She...a blanket...the baby to keep it warm.”，表达她用毯子裹住婴儿保暖，“wrap...around...” 表示 “用…… 围住；包、裹”，句子时态为一般过去时，“wrap” 的过去式是 “wrapped”，所以填 “wrapped; around” 。
答案：perform the Heimlich manoeuvre
解析：“If someone is choking, you can...to help him.”，当有人窒息时应实施海姆利克式操作法救助，“perform the Heimlich manoeuvre” 表示 “实施海姆利克式操作法”，“can” 后接动词原形，故填 “perform the Heimlich manoeuvre”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：Don't interrupt the teacher when he is speaking.
解析：“不要打断” 用 “Don't interrupt”，“老师” 是 “the teacher”，“当他正在讲话时” 用 “when he is speaking”，“interrupt sb. /sth.” 结构，直接套用词组翻译。
答案：When in danger, we should keep calm and react quickly.
解析：“遇到危险时” 可简化翻译为 “When in danger”（省略了主语和 be 动词，属于状语从句的省略），“我们应该” 是 “we should”，“保持冷静” 是 “keep calm”，“迅速做出反应” 用 “react quickly”，“react to” 中这里的 “to” 省略，因为 “danger” 不是具体动作的对象，直接用 “react” 表示做出反应 。
答案：He is in need of your help.
解析：“他” 是 “He”，“需要” 用 “be in need of”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，所以 “be” 动词用 “is”，“你的帮助” 是 “your help”，直接套用词组 “in need of” 翻译。
答案：Please finish this task without delay.
解析：“请” 用 “Please”，“完成这项任务” 是 “finish this task”，“立即” 用 “without delay”，直接按照词组搭配翻译。
答案：How can you justify this practice
解析：“如何” 用 “How”，“你” 是 “you”，“证明…… 是正确的” 即 “为…… 辩护”，用 “justify sth.”，“这个做法” 是 “this practice”，情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形，套用词组翻译。
答案：The volunteers helped the victims of the earthquake to their feet.
解析：“志愿者们” 是 “The volunteers”，“帮助” 用 “helped”（一般过去时），“地震中的受害者” 是 “the victims of the earthquake”，“站起身来” 用 “help sb. to one's feet”，这里 “sb.” 是 “the victims”，所以 “one's” 用 “their”，套用词组翻译。
答案：Wrapping a bandage around the wound can prevent infection.
解析：“用绷带缠住伤口” 在句中作主语，动词短语作主语要用动名词形式，“wrap...around...” 表示 “用…… 围住；包、裹”，所以是 “Wrapping a bandage around the wound”，“可以防止感染” 是 “can prevent infection”，套用词组翻译。
答案：If someone is choked by food, performing the Heimlich manoeuvre may save his life.
解析：“如果有人被食物噎住” 用 “If someone is choked by food”，“实施海姆利克式操作法” 在句中作主语，用动名词形式 “performing the Heimlich manoeuvre”，“或许能救他一命” 是 “may save his life”，套用词组翻译。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words (-ing form)
答案：Swimming
解析：句子 “...is a good way to keep fit.” 缺少主语，“swim” 是动词，动名词 “Swimming” 作主语，表示游泳这种行为，符合 “-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的、一般性的行为或事情” 的语法规则 。
答案：interesting
解析：“The film is so...that many people like it.”，这里形容电影的性质是有趣的，“-ing 形式形容词” 通常表示事物的性质或特征，“interesting” 表示 “有趣的”，符合语法和语境。
答案：saying
解析：“He left the room without...a word.”，“without” 是介词，介词后接动词的 -ing 形式作宾语，所以 “say” 要变为 “saying”，符合 “-ing 形式作宾语跟在某些介词后” 的语法规则。
答案：playing
解析：“Look at the boy...basketball on the playground.”，“playing basketball on the playground” 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 “the boy”，表示正在操场上打篮球的男孩，相当于定语从句 “who is playing basketball on the playground”，符合 “-ing 短语作定语放在被修饰词后面” 的语法规则。
答案：Working
解析：“...hard, you will succeed.”，“Working hard” 是现在分词短语作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句 “If you work hard”，表示如果你努力工作，符合 “-ing 形式作状语可表示条件” 的语法规则。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using -ing form
答案：Seeing the accident, he called the police immediately.
解析：原句 “When he saw the accident, he called the police immediately.” 中，时间状语从句的主语 “he” 和主句主语一致，且从句含实义动词 “saw”，可省略从句的主语 “he” 和 “when”，将 “saw” 变为现在分词 “seeing”，用现在分词短语 “Seeing the accident” 作时间状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可省略从句主语和部分成分” 的语法规则。
答案：Being tired, she stopped to have a rest.
解析：原句 “Because she was tired, she stopped to have a rest.” 中，原因状语从句的主语 “she” 和主句主语一致，且从句含 “be” 动词 “was”，可省略从句的主语 “she” 和 “Because”“was”，将 “tired” 前加上 “being”，用现在分词短语 “Being tired” 作原因状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表原因，且从句主语和主句主语一致时的省略规则”。
答案：Studying hard, you will pass the exam.
解析：原句 “If you study hard, you will pass the exam.” 中，条件状语从句的主语 “you” 和主句主语一致，可省略从句的 “if” 和主语 “you”，将 “study” 变为现在分词 “studying”，用现在分词短语 “Studying hard” 作条件状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表条件，且从句主语和主句主语一致时的省略规则”。
答案：He sat in the chair, reading a book.
解析：原句 “He sat in the chair and read a book.” 中，“read a book” 和 “sat in the chair” 两个动作同时发生，“read” 和主语 “He” 是主动关系，将 “read” 变为现在分词 “reading”，用现在分词短语 “reading a book” 作伴随状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表伴随” 的语法规则。
答案：The teacher came into the classroom, carrying a book in his hand.
解析：原句 “The teacher came into the classroom and carried a book in his hand.” 中，“carried a book in his hand” 和 “came into the classroom” 两个动作同时发生，“carry” 和主语 “The teacher” 是主动关系，将 “carried” 变为现在分词 “carrying”，用现在分词短语 “carrying a book in his hand” 作伴随状语，符合 “-ing 形式作状语表伴随” 的语法规则。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：The heart is one of the most important organs of the human body.
解析：参照 “The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.” 的结构，“心脏” 是 “The heart”，“是…… 之一” 用 “is one of...”，“最重要的器官” 是 “the most important organs”，“人体” 是 “the human body”，按照并列句结构翻译，强调心脏在人体中的重要地位。
答案：The injured are divided into different categories, depending on the severity of the injury.
解析：依据 “Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.” 的结构，“伤者” 是 “The injured”（the + 形容词表示一类人），“被分为不同的类别” 是 “are divided into different categories”，“根据受伤的严重程度” 用现在分词短语 “depending on the severity of the injury” 作状语表依据，套用原句结构翻译。
答案：The brain is an important part of the human body, and it controls various functions of the body.
解析：参考 “The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.” 的并列句结构，“大脑” 是 “The brain”，“是人体的重要组成部分” 是 “is an important part of the human body”，“它控制着身体的各种功能” 是 “it controls various functions of the body”，用 “and” 连接两个分句，阐述大脑的重要性和功能。
答案：These plants are divided into several categories, depending on the different growth environments.
解析：仿照 “Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.” 的结构，“这些植物” 是 “These plants”，“被分为好几类” 是 “are divided into several categories”，“根据生长环境的不同” 用现在分词短语 “depending on the different growth environments” 作状语表依据，按原句结构翻译 。