人教版2019高中选修3 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元知识总结清单（含练习题和书面表达句式及范文）

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Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元知识清单
一、词组搭配
（一）动词词组
on behalf of：代表（代替）某人。
例句：He gave a speech on behalf of all the students.
（他代表全体学生发表了演讲。）
seize the initiative：抓住主动权。
例句：We should seize the initiative to protect the environment.
（我们应该抓住主动权来保护环境。）
submit...to：提交；呈递；屈服 。
例句：The report must be submitted to the committee before Friday.
（这份报告必须在周五前提交给委员会。）
undergo：经历；经受（变化、不快等）。
例句：The city has undergone great changes in recent years.
（这座城市近年来经历了巨大的变化。）
implement：使生效；贯彻；执行。
例句：The government plans to implement new environmental protection policies.（政府计划实施新的环境保护政策。）
restore：恢复；使复原；修复 。
例句：They are trying to restore the damaged forest.
（他们正努力恢复受损的森林。）
dispose of：去掉；清除；处理。
例句：We should dispose of waste properly to protect the environment.
（我们应该妥善处理垃圾以保护环境。）
campaign for：为…… 发起运动；为…… 进行斗争。
例句：They campaigned for better environmental protection measures.
（他们为争取更好的环境保护措施而发起运动。）
（二）介词词组
in response to：回答；答复；作为对…… 的回应。
例句：The company took action in response to the customers' complaints.
（公司针对客户的投诉采取了行动。）
result in：导致；造成。
例句：His carelessness resulted in the failure of the project.
（他的粗心导致了项目的失败。）
lead to：导致；通向。
例句：Cutting down too many trees will lead to environmental problems.
（砍伐过多树木会导致环境问题。）
be responsible for：对…… 负责；是…… 的原因。
例句：Everyone should be responsible for protecting the environment.
（每个人都应该对保护环境负责。）
（三）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.用以上短语的正确形式填空。
She was chosen to speak ___________ the team at the conference.
We must ___________ and take action to reduce pollution.
All applicants are required to ___________ their forms ___________ the office by next week.
The area has ___________ many natural disasters in the past decade.
The new regulations will be ___________ next month.
They are working hard to ___________ the ancient building.
It's important to find a proper way to ___________ household waste.
They decided to ___________ stricter environmental laws.
___________ the public's concerns, the government launched an investigation.
His irresponsible behavior may ___________ serious consequences.
Heavy traffic often ___________ delays.
Who should ___________ this mess
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
他代表学校参加了国际会议。
为了应对气候变化，我们应该采取行动。
这个小镇在地震后经历了重建。
我们必须执行新的垃圾分类政策。
你打算如何处理这些旧书？
他们发起运动以提高人们的环保意识。
大量砍伐森林会导致水土流失。
司机应该对这次事故负责。
二、语法知识点
（一）直接引语变间接引语
陈述句：直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用 that 引导（that 可省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。例句：
直接引语：The expert said, “Climate change is a serious problem.”
间接引语：The expert said that climate change was a serious problem.
一般疑问句：直接引语是一般疑问句时，间接引语用 if 或 whether 引导，从句语序变为陈述句语序，时态等也要作相应变化。例句：
直接引语：The reporter asked, “Will the government take measures to reduce pollution ”
间接引语：The reporter asked whether the government would take measures to reduce pollution.
特殊疑问句：直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语保留原来的疑问词，从句语序变为陈述句语序，时态等作相应变化。例句：
直接引语：The student asked, “How can we protect the environment ”
间接引语：The student asked how they could protect the environment.
祈使句：直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语通常将祈使句改为动词不定式短语，根据祈使句的语气，使用 ask/tell/order/advise 等动词。例句：
直接引语：The teacher said, “Please turn off the lights.”
间接引语：The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.
（二）练习题
Change the following direct speech into indirect speech.把下列直接引语改为间接引语。
“I am studying environmental science,” Tom said.
“Do you like recycling ” the girl asked me.
“Where did you find the lost cat ” the woman asked her son.
“Don’t litter,” the teacher said to the students.
“Let’s plant more trees,” the volunteer suggested.
Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech, making necessary changes.用间接引语改写下列句子，并作必要的修改。
“I will attend the environmental conference next week,” the expert told me.
“Can you help me clean up the river ” the old man asked the young man.
“What are you doing to protect the wildlife ” the reporter asked the scientist.
“Be careful with the chemicals,” the teacher warned the students.
“We should save water,” the speaker said.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）“There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.”
结构分析：“There is little doubt that...” 为固定句型，意为 “毫无疑问……”，其中 “that” 引导同位语从句，解释说明 “doubt” 的内容 。
（二）“Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.”
结构分析：“without + 名词” 构成的介词短语表示 “如果没有……”，在此句中作条件状语，句子使用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。
（三）翻译练习题
毫无疑问，塑料污染已经成为一个严重的环境问题。
如果没有清洁的水源，人类无法生存。
大家都相信，通过共同努力，我们能够改善环境。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
环境问题相关词汇：climate change（气候变化），air pollution（空气污染），water pollution（水污染），deforestation（森林砍伐），desertification（沙漠化），global warming（全球变暖），extinction（灭绝）
环境保护措施相关词汇：environmental protection（环境保护），sustainable development（可持续发展），recycle（回收利用），reduce waste（减少浪费），conserve energy（节约能源），plant trees（植树），clean up（清理），limit emissions（限制排放）
其他相关词汇：ecology（生态），habitat（栖息地），renewable energy（可再生能源），fossil fuel（化石燃料），greenhouse gas（温室气体），carbon footprint（碳足迹）
词组搭配：on behalf of，seize the initiative，submit...to，undergo，implement，restore，dispose of，campaign for，in response to，result in，lead to，be responsible for
（二）高分句式积累
It is high time that we took action to...
例句：It is high time that we took action to protect the environment.
（是时候我们采取行动保护环境了。）
As is known to all, ...
例句：As is known to all, environmental protection is of great importance.
（众所周知，环境保护非常重要。）
Not only...but also...
例句：Protecting the environment not only benefits ourselves but also future generations.（保护环境不仅对我们自己有益，也对子孙后代有益。）
With the development of...,...
例句：With the development of industry, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious.（随着工业的发展，环境问题变得越来越严重。）
（三）参考范文
Environmental Protection: Our Responsibility
With the rapid development of modern society, environmental problems have become increasingly serious. Global warming, air pollution, and water pollution are all threatening our living environment. It is high time that we took action to protect the Earth.
Firstly, we should raise public awareness of environmental protection. As is known to all, only when everyone realizes the importance of the environment can we make real progress. We can use various media platforms to spread environmental protection knowledge and encourage people to take part in environmental protection activities.
Secondly, governments around the world should seize the initiative and implement effective environmental protection policies. They should limit the emissions of greenhouse gases, promote the use of renewable energy, and punish those who damage the environment severely. For example, they can impose high taxes on factories that cause serious pollution and provide subsidies for companies that use clean energy.
As individuals, we also have a responsibility to protect the environment. We can start from small things in our daily lives, such as reducing waste, recycling, conserving energy, and using public transportation instead of private cars. Every small action counts and can contribute to a greener world.
In conclusion, environmental protection is a global issue that requires the joint efforts of governments, organizations, and individuals. Only by working together can we create a sustainable and beautiful environment for future generations.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：on behalf of
解析：“She was chosen to speak...the team at the conference.”，句子表达她被选中在会议上代表团队发言，“on behalf of” 意为 “代表（代替）某人”，符合语境，所以填 “on behalf of”。
答案：seize the initiative
解析：“We must...and take action to reduce pollution.”，结合句意，我们必须采取行动减少污染，首先要抓住主动权，“seize the initiative” 表示 “抓住主动权”，且 “must” 是情态动词，后接动词原形，故填 “seize the initiative”。
答案：submit; to
解析：“All applicants are required to...their forms...the office by next week.”，句意为所有申请人被要求在下周前将表格提交到办公室，“submit...to” 表示 “提交；呈递”，“to” 后接提交的对象，“are required to do sth.”（被要求做某事），to 后接动词原形，所以填 “submit; to” 。
答案：undergone
解析：“The area has...many natural disasters in the past decade.”，该地区在过去十年应该是经历了许多自然灾害，“undergo” 表示 “经历；经受”，“has + 过去分词” 构成现在完成时，“undergo” 的过去分词是 “undergone”，所以填 “undergone”。
答案：implemented
解析：“The new regulations will be...next month.”，新规定应该是在下个月被实施，“implement” 表示 “使生效；贯彻；执行”，句子是一般将来时的被动语态 “will be + 过去分词”，“implement” 的过去分词是 “implemented”，所以填 “implemented”。
答案：restore
解析：“They are working hard to...the ancient building.”，他们努力做的事情是修复古建筑，“restore” 表示 “恢复；使复原；修复”，“to” 在这里是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，所以填 “restore”。
答案：dispose of
解析：“It's important to find a proper way to...household waste.”，找到的合适方法是处理家庭垃圾，“dispose of” 表示 “去掉；清除；处理”，“to” 是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，所以填 “dispose of”。
答案：campaign for
解析：“They decided to...stricter environmental laws.”，他们决定做的事情是为更严格的环境法律发起运动，“campaign for” 表示 “为…… 发起运动；为…… 进行斗争”，“decide to do sth.”（决定做某事），to 后接动词原形，所以填 “campaign for”。
答案：In response to
解析：“...the public's concerns, the government launched an investigation.”，政府发起调查是对公众担忧的回应，“in response to” 表示 “作为对…… 的回应”，句首字母大写，所以填 “In response to”。
答案：result in
解析：“His irresponsible behavior may...serious consequences.”，他不负责任的行为可能会导致严重后果，“result in” 表示 “导致；造成”，“may” 是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以填 “result in”。
答案：leads to
解析：“Heavy traffic often...delays.”，交通拥堵经常会导致延误，“lead to” 表示 “导致；通向”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “Heavy traffic” 是不可数名词，视为单数，所以 “lead” 用第三人称单数形式 “leads”，填 “leads to”。
答案：be responsible for
解析：“Who should...this mess ”，句子询问谁应该对这一团糟的情况负责，“be responsible for” 表示 “对…… 负责”，“should” 是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以填 “be responsible for”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：He attended the international conference on behalf of the school.
解析：“他” 翻译为 “He”；“参加” 用 “attended”；“国际会议” 是 “the international conference”；“代表学校” 用 “on behalf of the school”，直接套用词组翻译。
答案：In response to climate change, we should take action.
解析：“为了应对” 用 “In response to”；“气候变化” 是 “climate change”；“我们应该采取行动” 翻译为 “we should take action”，“in response to” 引导状语，说明采取行动的原因。
答案：The town underwent reconstruction after the earthquake.
解析：“这个小镇” 翻译为 “The town”；“经历” 用 “underwent”，句子时态为一般过去时；“重建” 是 “reconstruction”；“在地震后” 翻译为 “after the earthquake”，“undergo” 表示经历，符合语境。
答案：We must implement the new garbage classification policy.
解析：“我们” 翻译为 “We”；“必须” 用 “must”；“执行” 用 “implement”，“must” 后接动词原形；“新的垃圾分类政策” 是 “the new garbage classification policy”，直接套用 “implement” 表示执行政策的用法。
答案：How do you plan to dispose of these old books
解析：“如何” 用 “How” 提问；“你打算” 翻译为 “do you plan”；“处理” 用 “dispose of”；“这些旧书” 是 “these old books”，“dispose of” 用于询问处理旧书的方式 。
答案：They campaigned for raising people's awareness of environmental protection.
解析：“他们” 翻译为 “They”；“发起运动” 用 “campaigned for”；“提高人们的环保意识” 翻译为 “raising people's awareness of environmental protection”，“for” 是介词，后接动名词形式，体现 “campaign for” 为某事发起运动的用法。
答案：Cutting down a large number of forests will lead to soil erosion.
解析：“大量砍伐森林” 用动名词短语 “Cutting down a large number of forests” 作主语；“会导致” 用 “will lead to”，一般将来时；“水土流失” 是 “soil erosion”，“lead to” 表示导致某种结果，符合句子逻辑。
答案：The driver should be responsible for this accident.
解析：“司机” 翻译为 “The driver”；“应该” 用 “should”；“对…… 负责” 用 “be responsible for”，“should” 后接动词原形；“这次事故” 是 “this accident”，套用词组准确表达责任归属 。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Change the following direct speech into indirect speech
答案：Tom said that he was studying environmental science.
解析：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用 that 引导（可省略），从句中的人称 “I” 根据主句主语 “Tom” 变为 “he”，时态由现在进行时 “am studying” 变为过去进行时 “was studying” 。
答案：The girl asked me if/whether I liked recycling.
解析：直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用 if 或 whether 引导，从句语序变为陈述句语序，即 “I liked recycling”，时态由一般现在时 “do like” 变为一般过去时 “liked” 。
答案：The woman asked her son where he had found the lost cat.
解析：直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，保留疑问词 “where”，从句语序变为陈述句语序 “he had found the lost cat”，时态由一般过去时 “did find” 变为过去完成时 “had found”，因为 “找猫” 这个动作发生在 “问” 之前 。
答案：The teacher told the students not to litter.
解析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，根据祈使句的语气（这里是命令），用 “told”，将祈使句 “ Don’t litter” 改为动词不定式短语 “not to litter” 。
答案：The volunteer suggested that they should plant more trees.
解析：直接引语是 “Let’s” 开头的祈使句，表示建议，变为间接引语时，用 “suggested that” 引导，从句中 “Let’s” 变为 “they should”，后接动词原形 “plant more trees” 。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech, making necessary changes
答案：The expert told me that he would attend the environmental conference the next week.
解析：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用 that 引导，从句中的人称 “I” 根据主句主语 “the expert”（这里假设为男性，可根据实际情况调整）变为 “he”，时态由一般将来时 “will attend” 变为过去将来时 “would attend”，时间状语 “next week” 变为 “the next week” 。
答案：The old man asked the young man if/whether he could help him clean up the river.
解析：直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用 if 或 whether 引导，从句语序变为陈述句语序 “he could help him clean up the river”，时态由一般现在时 “can help” 变为一般过去时 “could help”，人称根据语境进行相应变化 。
答案：The reporter asked the scientist what he was doing to protect the wildlife.
解析：直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，保留疑问词 “what”，从句语序变为陈述句语序 “he was doing to protect the wildlife”，时态由现在进行时 “are doing” 变为过去进行时 “was doing” 。
答案：The teacher warned the students to be careful with the chemicals.
解析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，根据祈使句的语气（这里是警告），用 “warned”，将祈使句 “Be careful with the chemicals” 改为动词不定式短语 “to be careful with the chemicals” 。
答案：The speaker said that we should save water.
解析：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用 that 引导，从句时态不变（因为 “should” 是情态动词，没有过去式变化），人称不变，直接变为 “The speaker said that we should save water” 。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：There is little doubt that plastic pollution has become a serious environmental problem.
解析：参照 “There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.” 的结构，“毫无疑问” 用 “There is little doubt that...”；“塑料污染” 翻译为 “plastic pollution”；“已经成为” 用现在完成时 “has become”；“一个严重的环境问题” 是 “a serious environmental problem” 。
答案：Without clean water sources, human beings could not survive.
解析：依据 “Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.” 的结构，“如果没有清洁的水源” 翻译为 “Without clean water sources”；“人类” 是 “human beings”；“无法生存” 用 “could not survive”，使用虚拟语气，表示假设没有清洁水源的情况 。
答案：There is a belief that through joint efforts, we can improve the environment.
解析：可仿照 “There is little doubt that...” 的结构，“大家都相信” 翻译为 “There is a belief that...”；“通过共同努力” 是 “through joint efforts”；“我们能够改善环境” 翻译为 “we can improve the environment” 。