人教版2019高中选修4 Unit 1 Science Fiction 单元知识总结清单（含练习题和书面表达句式及范文）

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Unit 1 Science Fiction单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）动词词组
test out：检验；测试。
例句：They are going to test out the new robot next week.
（他们下周将测试这个新机器人。）
have an urge to：有强烈的欲望做某事。
例句：She has an urge to travel around the world.
（她有环游世界的强烈欲望。）
take over：占上风；取而代之；接管；接手。
例句：The new manager will take over the company next month.
（新经理下个月将接管公司。）
fetch：（去）拿来；（去）请来。
例句：Please fetch me a glass of water.（请给我拿一杯水来。）
dismiss：让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除。
例句：The teacher dismissed the class early today.（老师今天提前下课了。）
declare：表明；宣称；公布。
例句：The government declared a state of emergency.
（政府宣布进入紧急状态。）
calculate：计算；核算；预测。
例句：He calculated the cost of the project carefully.
（他仔细计算了项目的成本。）
（二）介词词组
superior to：比…… 更好；更胜一筹。
例句：This new product is superior to the old one in quality.
（这款新产品在质量上比旧产品更胜一筹。）
conflict with：与…… 冲突或抵触。
例句：His plan conflicts with ours.（他的计划与我们的相冲突。）
on a … basis：根据；以…… 的方式（基准）。
例句：We should judge people on a fair basis.
（我们应该以公平的方式评判他人。）
（三）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.用以上短语的正确形式填空。
The company wants to _________ the new software to see if it works well.
I ___________ learn a new language this year.
After the old director retired, a young man ___________ the department.
Could you please ___________ my dictionary from the study
The school __________ the troublemaker from school for his bad behavior.
The president ___________ his support for the new policy.
You need to ___________ the time it will take to finish the task.
This smartphone is ___________ that one in terms of performance.
His opinion ___________ mine, so we argued for a long time.
We should evaluate students ___________ their overall performance.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
他们正在测试一种新型的机器人，看它能否做家务。
我有强烈的愿望去探索宇宙的奥秘。
这家公司被一家外国企业接管了。
请去把医生请来，病人情况很危急。
老板因为他的懒惰解雇了他。
科学家宣称他们发现了一种新的元素。
你能计算出从这里到北京的距离吗？
这款手表在设计上比那款更胜一筹。
他的话与事实相抵触。
我们应该根据学生的进步来评价他们。
二、语法知识点
（一）被动语态
构成：be + 过去分词（be 动词有人称、时态和数的变化）。
用法：
不知道动作的执行者是谁时使用被动语态。
例句：The window was broken yesterday.（窗户昨天被打破了。）
强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者时使用被动语态。
例句：The book was written by Lu Xun.（这本书是鲁迅写的。）
出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面的原因不愿说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态。
例句：Your work must be finished on time.（你的工作必须按时完成。）
不同时态的被动语态：
一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词。
例句：English is spoken all over the world.（全世界都讲英语。）
一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词。
例句：The house was built ten years ago.（这座房子是十年前建造的。）
一般将来时：will be + 过去分词 或 be going to be + 过去分词。
例句：A new school will be built in our city next year.
（明年我们城市将建一所新学校。）
现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词。
例句：The project has been completed.（这个项目已经完成了。）
（二）练习题
Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice.用被动语态改写下列句子。
They clean the classroom every day.
He wrote this novel last year.
We will finish the work next week.
They have built two bridges in this city.
Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the verbs in the passive voice.用被动语态动词的适当形式完成句子。
The computer ___________ (repair) by my father now.
Many trees ___________ (plant) in our school last spring.
A new hospital ___________ (build) in this area next month.
The book ___________ (translate) into five languages so far.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.纠正下列句子中的错误。
The bike is repairing by Tom now.
The letter was wrote by my sister yesterday.
These photos will taken to the exhibition tomorrow.
The story has been tell many times.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
结构分析：这是一个一般过去将来时的被动语态句子。“It” 是主语，指代 “a household robot”；“was going to be tested out” 是谓语部分，体现了被动和过去将来的时态；“by Larry’s wife, Claire” 表明动作的执行者 。
（二）Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.
结构分析：“Although” 引导让步状语从句，“it” 指代克莱尔和托尼之间的关系，“was completely innocent” 描述这种关系的性质；主句 “Claire felt guilty” 表达克莱尔的感受，体现了让步与转折的逻辑关系。
（三）翻译练习题
这个新的项目将由一个年轻的团队来测试。
尽管他没有做错事，但他还是感到很不安。
那座古老的建筑是在 200 年前被建造的。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
科幻主题相关词汇：science fiction（科幻小说），alien（外星人），time travel（时间旅行），space exploration（太空探索），robot（机器人），artificial intelligence（人工智能）
人物情感与行为相关词汇：embarrassed（尴尬的），admire（钦佩），trust（信任），persuade（说服），declare（宣称），weep（哭泣）
其他相关词汇：bonus（意外收获；奖金），dignity（尊严），salary（薪水），appointment（预约；约会），calculate（计算），fetch（去拿来），dismiss（解散；解雇）
（二）高分句式积累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is important for us to explore the relationship between science and science fiction.（对我们来说，探索科学与科幻小说之间的关系很重要。）
Not only...but also...
例句：Science fiction can not only inspire our imagination but also promote the development of science.
（科幻小说不仅能激发我们的想象力，还能推动科学的发展。）
With + 名词 + 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 介词短语 。
例句：With the development of technology, more and more amazing science fiction works are created.
（随着科技的发展，越来越多令人惊叹的科幻作品被创作出来。）
What + 主语 + need/require/want is...
例句：What a good science fiction story needs is a unique plot and vivid characters.（一个好的科幻故事需要的是独特的情节和生动的人物。）
（三）参考范文
My Imagination of Future Life
With the rapid development of science and technology, our future life will be greatly changed, just like what is described in many science fiction stories.
In the future, robots will play a more important role in our daily lives. They will not only help us with housework, such as cleaning, cooking, and washing, but also take care of the elderly and children. For example, a special robot can accompany the elderly, chat with them, and remind them to take medicine on time. With these robots, we will have more free time to do what we like.
Transportation will also become more advanced. People may use flying cars or high-speed trains that can travel through time and space. It will be very convenient for us to travel around the world or even to other planets. We can easily visit different places and experience various cultures.
In addition, artificial intelligence will be widely used in education. Smart teaching systems will be able to understand each student’s learning style and needs, and provide personalized teaching programs. Students will be able to learn more effectively and efficiently.
However, along with these wonderful changes, there may also be some problems. For example, if robots replace too many human jobs, there will be a large number of unemployed people. And the development of artificial intelligence may pose a threat to human safety if not properly controlled.
In conclusion, the future life will be full of challenges and opportunities. We should make good use of science and technology to create a better life while also being aware of and solving the potential problems.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：test out
解析：“The company wants to...the new software to see if it works well.”，公司想要对新软件进行检验测试，看其是否运行良好，“test out” 表示 “检验；测试”，符合语境，且 “want to do sth.”（想要做某事），to 后接动词原形，所以填 “test out”。
答案：have an urge to
解析：“I...learn a new language this year.”，句子表达 “我” 今年有强烈的学习新语言的欲望，“have an urge to” 表示 “有强烈的欲望做某事”，符合语义，所以填 “have an urge to”。
答案：took over
解析：“After the old director retired, a young man...the department.”，老主任退休后，年轻人应该是接管了部门，“take over” 表示 “接管；接手”，句子时态为一般过去时，“take” 的过去式是 “took”，所以填 “took over”。
答案：fetch
解析：“Could you please...my dictionary from the study ”，请求对方去书房把字典拿来，“fetch” 表示 “（去）拿来；（去）请来” ，“Could you please do sth.”（你能做某事吗），please 后接动词原形，所以填 “fetch”。
答案：dismissed
解析：“The school...the troublemaker from school for his bad behavior.”，因为不良行为，学校会让这个捣乱者离开学校，即解雇、开除他，“dismiss” 表示 “让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除”，句子时态为一般过去时，“dismiss” 的过去式是 “dismissed”，所以填 “dismissed”。
答案：declared
解析：“The president...his support for the new policy.”，总统表明、宣称他对新政策的支持，“declare” 表示 “表明；宣称；公布”，句子时态为一般过去时，“declare” 的过去式是 “declared”，所以填 “declared”。
答案：calculate
解析：“You need to...the time it will take to finish the task.”，需要计算完成任务所需的时间，“calculate” 表示 “计算；核算；预测”，“need to do sth.”（需要做某事），to 后接动词原形，所以填 “calculate”。
答案：superior to
解析：“This smartphone is...that one in terms of performance.”，在性能方面，这款智能手机比那款更好，“superior to” 表示 “比…… 更好；更胜一筹”，符合语境，所以填 “superior to”。
答案：conflicted with
解析：“His opinion...mine, so we argued for a long time.”，他的观点和 “我” 的观点冲突，所以争吵了很久，“conflict with” 表示 “与…… 冲突或抵触”，句子时态为一般过去时，“conflict” 的过去式是 “conflicted”，所以填 “conflicted with”。
答案：on a...basis
解析：“We should evaluate students...their overall performance.”，我们应该根据学生的整体表现来评价他们，“on a...basis” 表示 “根据；以…… 的方式（基准）”，这里表示以整体表现为基准，所以填 “on a...basis”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：They are testing out a new type of robot to see if it can do housework.
解析：“他们正在测试” 用现在进行时 “are testing out”，“test out” 表示 “检验；测试”；“一种新型的机器人” 翻译为 “a new type of robot”；“看它能否做家务” 翻译为 “to see if it can do housework”，其中 “if” 引导宾语从句。
答案：I have an urge to explore the mysteries of the universe.
解析：“我有强烈的愿望” 用 “I have an urge to”；“探索宇宙的奥秘” 翻译为 “explore the mysteries of the universe”，“have an urge to” 后接动词原形。
答案：This company was taken over by a foreign enterprise.
解析：“这家公司” 翻译为 “This company”；“被…… 接管” 用被动语态 “was taken over”，“take over” 表示 “接管”，句子时态为一般过去时的被动语态；“一家外国企业” 翻译为 “a foreign enterprise”。
答案：Please fetch the doctor. The patient is in a critical condition.
解析：“请去把…… 请来” 用 “Please fetch”；“医生” 翻译为 “the doctor”；“病人情况很危急” 翻译为 “The patient is in a critical condition” 。
答案：The boss dismissed him because of his laziness.
解析：“老板” 翻译为 “The boss”；“解雇” 用 “dismissed”，句子时态为一般过去时；“他” 翻译为 “him”；“因为他的懒惰” 翻译为 “because of his laziness”，“because of” 后接名词短语。
答案：Scientists declared that they had discovered a new element.
解析：“科学家” 翻译为 “Scientists”；“宣称” 用 “declared”，句子时态为一般过去时；“他们发现了一种新的元素” 翻译为 “that they had discovered a new element”，“that” 引导宾语从句，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，所以用过去完成时。
答案：Can you calculate the distance from here to Beijing
解析：“你能…… 吗” 用 “Can you...” 提问；“计算” 用 “calculate”；“从这里到北京的距离” 翻译为 “the distance from here to Beijing” 。
答案：This watch is superior to that one in design.
解析：“这款手表” 翻译为 “This watch”；“比…… 更胜一筹” 用 “is superior to”；“那款” 翻译为 “that one”；“在设计上” 翻译为 “in design” 。
答案：His words conflicted with the facts.
解析：“他的话” 翻译为 “His words”；“与…… 抵触” 用 “conflicted with”，句子时态为一般过去时；“事实” 翻译为 “the facts” 。
答案：We should evaluate students on the basis of their progress.
解析：“我们应该” 翻译为 “We should”；“评价学生” 翻译为 “evaluate students”；“根据” 用 “on the basis of”；“他们的进步” 翻译为 “their progress” 。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice
答案：The classroom is cleaned by them every day.
解析：原句 “They clean the classroom every day.” 是一般现在时的主动语态，变为被动语态时，将原句的宾语 “the classroom” 变为主语，原句主语 “they” 变为 “by them”，be 动词根据主语和时态变为 “is”，动词 “clean” 变为过去分词 “cleaned”，即 “The classroom is cleaned by them every day”。
答案：This novel was written by him last year.
解析：原句 “He wrote this novel last year.” 是一般过去时的主动语态，变为被动语态时，把 “this novel” 作为主语，“he” 变为 “by him”，be 动词用一般过去时的 “was”，“write” 的过去分词是 “written”，得到 “This novel was written by him last year”。
答案：The work will be finished by us next week.
解析：原句 “We will finish the work next week.” 是一般将来时的主动语态，变为被动语态时，“the work” 作主语，“we” 变为 “by us”，一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will be + 过去分词”，“finish” 的过去分词是 “finished”，所以是 “The work will be finished by us next week”。
答案：Two bridges have been built by them in this city.
解析：原句 “They have built two bridges in this city.” 是现在完成时的主动语态，变为被动语态时，“two bridges” 作主语，“they” 变为 “by them”，现在完成时的被动语态结构是 “have/has been + 过去分词”，“build” 的过去分词是 “built”，因此是 “Two bridges have been built by them in this city”。
（二）Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the verbs in the passive voice
答案：is being repaired
解析：“The computer...(repair) by my father now.”，句子中有 “now”，表示正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，结构是 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词”，主语 “The computer” 是单数，be 动词用 “is”，“repair” 的过去分词是 “repaired”，所以填 “is being repaired”。
答案：were planted
解析：“Many trees...(plant) in our school last spring.”，“last spring” 表明句子时态为一般过去时，“trees” 和 “plant” 是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语 “Many trees” 是复数，be 动词用 “were”，“plant” 的过去分词是 “planted”，故填 “were planted”。
答案：will be built
解析：“A new hospital...(build) in this area next month.”，“next month” 表示将来的时间，句子要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构是 “will be + 过去分词”，“build” 的过去分词是 “built”，所以填 “will be built”。
答案：has been translated
解析：“The book...(translate) into five languages so far.”，“so far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，“book” 和 “translate” 是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，结构是 “have/has been + 过去分词”，主语 “The book” 是单数，助动词用 “has”，“translate” 的过去分词是 “translated”，因此填 “has been translated”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：The bike is being repaired by Tom now.
解析：原句 “The bike is repairing by Tom now.” 错误，“now” 表示正在进行的动作，自行车是被修理，应该用现在进行时的被动语态，结构是 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词”，所以要在 “is” 后加上 “being”，“repair” 变为过去分词 “repaired”。
答案：The letter was written by my sister yesterday.
解析：原句 “The letter was wrote by my sister yesterday.” 中，“write” 的过去分词形式错误，“write” 的过去式是 “wrote”，过去分词是 “written”，一般过去时的被动语态结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”，所以应把 “wrote” 改为 “written”。
答案：These photos will be taken to the exhibition tomorrow.
解析：原句 “These photos will taken to the exhibition tomorrow.” 错误，一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will be + 过去分词”，原句缺少 “be” 动词，“take” 的过去分词是 “taken”，所以要在 “will” 后加上 “be” 。
答案：The story has been told many times.
解析：原句 “The story has been tell many times.” 中，“tell” 的过去分词形式错误，“tell” 的过去分词是 “told”，现在完成时的被动语态结构是 “have/has been + 过去分词”，所以应把 “tell” 改为 “told”。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：This new project will be tested out by a young team.
解析：参照 “It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.” 的结构，“这个新的项目” 翻译为 “This new project”；“将由…… 来测试” 用一般将来时的被动语态 “will be tested out”，“test out” 表示 “检验；测试”；“一个年轻的团队” 翻译为 “a young team” 。
答案：Although he didn't do anything wrong, he still felt very uneasy.
解析：依据 “Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.” 的结构，“尽管他没有做错事” 翻译为 “Although he didn't do anything wrong”，“although” 引导让步状语从句；“但他还是感到很不安” 翻译为 “he still felt very uneasy” 。
答案：That ancient building was built 200 years ago.
解析：句子表达 “那座古老的建筑” 是过去被建造的，用一般过去时的被动语态，“那座古老的建筑” 翻译为 “That ancient building”；“被建造” 翻译为 “was built”；“200 年前” 翻译为 “200 years ago” 。