人教版2019高中选修4 Unit 4 Sharing 单元知识总结清单（含练习题和书面表达句式及范文）
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Unit 4 Sharing单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）重点词组
a chorus of：齐声；异口同声。
例句：A chorus of applause filled the hall when the singer finished her performance.（歌手演唱结束时，大厅里响起了一阵掌声。）
not to mention：更不用说；且不说。
例句：He can speak English, French, and Spanish, not to mention Chinese.
（他会说英语、法语和西班牙语，更不用说中文了。）
take (…) for granted：认为 (……) 是理所当然；对 (……) 不予重视。
例句：Don't take your parents' love for granted.
（不要把父母的爱视为理所当然。）
relay to：转达给……；转发给……。
例句：Please relay my thanks to your parents.（请向你的父母转达我的谢意。）
be dying to：渴望；极想。
例句：She is dying to travel around the world.（她渴望环游世界。）
adapt to：适应。
例句：It took him some time to adapt to the new environment.
（他花了一些时间才适应新环境。）
come across：偶然遇见；偶然发现。
例句：I came across an old friend on the street yesterday.
（我昨天在街上偶然遇到一位老朋友。）
make a difference：有影响；起作用。
例句：Your support can make a difference to the success of the project.
（你的支持对项目的成功至关重要。）
be related to：与…… 有关。
例句：His illness is related to his unhealthy lifestyle.
（他的病与他不健康的生活方式有关。）
dry out：（使）变干；（使）干透。
例句：The sun dried out the wet clothes quickly.（太阳很快把湿衣服晒干了。）
（二）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.用以上短语的正确形式填空。
When the good news was announced, ___________ cheers broke out.
He is so busy with his work that he often forgets to eat, ___________ exercise.
We should never ___________ the hard - won peace.
Can you ___________ this message ___________ your teacher
The children ___________ see the new cartoon movie.
It's important for us to ___________ the changing situation.
I ___________ a rare book in the second - hand bookstore last weekend.
Small actions can also ___________ in protecting the environment.
Her success ___________ her hard work and determination.
Leave the wet shoes in the sun to ___________.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
观众们异口同声地欢呼起来。
他连基本的生活技能都不会，更不用说复杂的技术了。
我们不应把他人的帮助视为理所当然。
请把这个好消息转达给你的同学。
她渴望去国外学习先进的知识。
你需要尽快适应这里的生活方式。
我在整理旧照片时偶然发现了这张珍贵的照片。
每个人都可以在改善社区环境方面发挥作用。
他的研究与当前的社会问题有关。
把洗好的衣服挂在外面晾干。
二、语法知识点
（一）现在完成时
用法：
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例句：I have lost my key.（我把钥匙丢了。）（结果是现在没有钥匙了）
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。
例句：She has lived here for ten years.（她在这里住了十年了。）
构成：助动词 have/has + 过去分词。当主语为第三人称单数时用 has，其余情况用 have。
时间状语：already（已经，常用于肯定句），yet（还，常用于否定句和疑问句），just（刚刚），ever（曾经），never（从不），so far（到目前为止），up to now（直到现在），for + 时间段，since + 时间点 / 从句等。
（二）练习题
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.用括号中动词的正确形式完成句子。
I ___________ (see) the film twice. It's very interesting.
He ___________ (work) in this company since 2018.
___________ you ___________ (finish) your homework yet
They ___________ (not visit) the museum so far.
She ___________ (live) here for five months.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the requirements.根据要求改写下列句子。
He has already had lunch.（改为否定句）
They have known each other since 2010.（对划线部分提问）
She has been to Beijing three times.（改为一般疑问句）
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
纠正下列句子中的错误。
I have gone to the park many times.
He has bought the book for two weeks.
Since he comes here, he has made many friends.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.
结构分析：“As you grow older” 是 as 引导的时间状语从句，表示 “随着你长大”；主句 “you will discover that...” 中，“that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others” 是 that 引导的宾语从句，“one for helping yourself, the other for helping others” 对 “two hands” 进行补充说明 。
（二）My secondary school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass.
结构分析：前一句为主系表结构，介绍学校类型；后一句中 “are made of” 表示 “由…… 制成”，“with clay floors and roofs of grass” 是 with 复合结构，对教室的特征进行补充描述。
（三）翻译练习题
随着时间的推移，你会明白学习的重要性。
我们的乡村小学是用石头建造的，有木制的窗户和泥土地面。
他发现自己有两种爱好，一种是绘画，另一种是摄影。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
志愿工作相关词汇：volunteer work（志愿工作），volunteer teacher（志愿教师），community service（社区服务），charity organization（慈善组织），offer help（提供帮助），assist the needy（帮助有需要的人）
援助与分享相关词汇：provide aid（提供援助），make donations（进行捐赠），share knowledge（分享知识），give a hand（伸出援手），relieve suffering（减轻痛苦）
情感与意义相关词汇：feel proud of（为…… 感到骄傲），be grateful for（对…… 心存感激），make a positive impact（产生积极影响），bring joy（带来快乐），create a better future（创造更美好的未来）
（二）高分句式积累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is meaningful for us to participate in volunteer activities.
（对我们来说，参加志愿活动是有意义的。）
Not only...but also...
例句：Volunteering can not only help others but also enrich our own lives.
（志愿活动不仅能帮助他人，还能丰富我们自己的生活。）
There is no doubt that...
例句：There is no doubt that sharing can make the world a better place.
（毫无疑问，分享能让世界变得更美好。）
What + 主语 + need (s) is...
例句：What the children in poor areas need most is good education.
（贫困地区的孩子们最需要的是良好的教育。）
（三）参考范文
My Experience as a Volunteer
Last summer, I had the opportunity to take part in a volunteer activity in an old people’s home. It was an unforgettable experience that made a deep impression on me.
When I first arrived at the old people’s home, I was a bit nervous. But as soon as I started talking with the elderly people, all my nervousness disappeared. I listened to their stories about the past, their joys and sorrows. Some of them were very lonely as their children lived far away. I spent time chatting with them, helping them clean their rooms, and even teaching them how to use smartphones.
I remember an old lady named Grandma Li. She was very interested in learning about modern technology. I patiently showed her how to send messages and make video calls. When she successfully made a video call to her grandson, she was so happy that she held my hand tightly and thanked me again and again. At that moment, I truly realized the meaning of volunteering. It’s not just about giving help; it’s about bringing warmth and hope to others.
Through this volunteer activity, I not only brought joy to the elderly but also learned a lot. I learned to be more patient and understanding. I also realized that we should care more about the elderly and give them more love and attention. There is no doubt that this experience has made me a more responsible and caring person. I hope I can take part in more volunteer activities in the future and make a difference to more people’s lives.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：a chorus of
解析：“When the good news was announced, … cheers broke out.”，根据语境，好消息宣布时，应是 “齐声欢呼”，“a chorus of” 表示 “齐声；异口同声”，符合语义，所以填 “a chorus of”。
答案：not to mention
解析：“He is so busy with his work that he often forgets to eat, … exercise.”，句子表达他工作忙到常忘记吃饭，更不用说锻炼了，“not to mention” 意为 “更不用说；且不说”，用于补充说明更不可能的情况，故填 “not to mention”。
答案：take；for granted
解析：“We should never … the hard - won peace.”，结合短语含义，“take (…) for granted” 表示 “认为 (……) 是理所当然；对 (……) 不予重视”，此句表示不应把来之不易的和平视为理所当然，所以填 “take；for granted”。
答案：relay；to
解析：“Can you … this message … your teacher ”，询问能否把消息转达给老师，“relay to” 意思是 “转达给……；转发给……”，符合句子要求，因此填 “relay；to”。
答案：are dying to
解析：“The children … see the new cartoon movie.”，描述孩子们渴望看新卡通电影，“be dying to” 表示 “渴望；极想”，主语 “The children” 是复数，be 动词用 are，所以填 “are dying to”。
答案：adapt to
解析：“It's important for us to … the changing situation.”，强调适应变化形势的重要性，“adapt to” 意为 “适应”，“to” 后接动词原形，故填 “adapt to”。
答案：came across
解析：“I … a rare book in the second - hand bookstore last weekend.”，表示上周末在二手书店偶然发现一本稀有书籍，“come across” 表示 “偶然遇见；偶然发现”，句子时态为一般过去时，“come” 的过去式是 “came”，所以填 “came across”。
答案：make a difference
解析：“Small actions can also … in protecting the environment.”，说明小行动也能在环保中发挥作用，“make a difference” 表示 “有影响；起作用”，“can” 后接动词原形，因此填 “make a difference”。
答案：is related to
解析：“Her success … her hard work and determination.”，表达她的成功与努力和决心有关，“be related to” 表示 “与…… 有关”，主语 “Her success” 是单数，be 动词用 is，所以填 “is related to”。
答案：dry out
解析：“Leave the wet shoes in the sun to …”，意思是把湿鞋子放在太阳下晒干，“dry out” 表示 “（使）变干；（使）干透”，“to” 后接动词原形，故填 “dry out”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：The audience cheered with a chorus of voices.
解析：“观众们” 翻译为 “The audience”；“欢呼起来” 翻译为 “cheered”；“异口同声地” 用 “with a chorus of voices”，使用 “a chorus of” 的变形表达，体现 “齐声” 的含义。
答案：He can't even master basic life skills, not to mention complex technologies.
解析：“他” 翻译为 “He”；“连…… 都不会” 用 “can't even”；“掌握基本生活技能” 翻译为 “master basic life skills”；“更不用说” 用 “not to mention”；“复杂的技术” 翻译为 “complex technologies” 。
答案：We should not take the help of others for granted.
解析：“我们” 翻译为 “We”；“不应” 翻译为 “should not”；“把…… 视为理所当然” 用 “take … for granted”；“他人的帮助” 翻译为 “the help of others” 。
答案：Please relay this good news to your classmates.
解析：“请” 翻译为 “Please”；“转达” 用 “relay”；“这个好消息” 翻译为 “this good news”；“给你的同学” 翻译为 “to your classmates” 。
答案：She is dying to go abroad to study advanced knowledge.
解析：“她” 翻译为 “She”；“渴望” 用 “is dying to”；“去国外” 翻译为 “go abroad”；“学习先进的知识” 翻译为 “study advanced knowledge” 。
答案：You need to adapt to the local lifestyle as soon as possible.
解析：“你” 翻译为 “You”；“需要” 翻译为 “need to”；“适应” 用 “adapt to”；“这里的生活方式” 翻译为 “the local lifestyle”；“尽快” 翻译为 “as soon as possible” 。
答案：I came across this precious photo while sorting out old photos.
解析：“我” 翻译为 “I”；“偶然发现” 用 “came across”；“这张珍贵的照片” 翻译为 “this precious photo”；“在整理旧照片时” 翻译为 “while sorting out old photos”，使用 “while + 现在分词” 结构作时间状语 。
答案：Everyone can make a difference in improving the community environment.
解析：“每个人” 翻译为 “Everyone”；“可以发挥作用” 用 “can make a difference”；“在改善社区环境方面” 翻译为 “in improving the community environment”，“in + 动名词” 表示 “在…… 方面” 。
答案：His research is related to current social problems.
解析：“他的研究” 翻译为 “His research”；“与…… 有关” 用 “is related to”；“当前的社会问题” 翻译为 “current social problems” 。
答案：Hang the washed clothes outside to dry out.
解析：“把…… 挂在外面” 翻译为 “Hang … outside”；“洗好的衣服” 翻译为 “the washed clothes”；“晾干” 用 “dry out” 。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
答案：have seen
解析：“I … (see) the film twice. It's very interesting.”，“twice”（两次）表示过去发生的 “看电影” 这个动作对现在造成的影响是知道电影很有趣，符合现在完成时 “过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果” 的用法，主语 I 不是第三人称单数，助动词用 have，see 的过去分词是 seen，所以填 have seen。
答案：has worked
解析：“He … (work) in this company since 2018.”，“since 2018”（自从 2018 年）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，主语 He 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，work 的过去分词是 worked，因此填 has worked。
答案：Have；finished
解析：“… you … (finish) your homework yet ”，“yet” 常用于现在完成时的疑问句中，询问 “你完成作业了吗”，表示过去开始的动作对现在的影响，现在完成时一般疑问句结构是 “Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，主语 you 不是第三人称单数，助动词用 Have，finish 的过去分词是 finished，所以填 Have；finished。
答案：haven't visited
解析：“They … (not visit) the museum so far.”，“so far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，句子为否定句，现在完成时否定句结构是 “主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词”，主语 They 不是第三人称单数，助动词用 haven't，visit 的过去分词是 visited，所以填 haven't visited。
答案：has lived
解析：“She … (live) here for five months.”，“for five months”（五个月）表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语 She 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，live 的过去分词是 lived，所以填 has lived。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences according to the requirements
答案：He hasn't had lunch yet.
解析：原句 “He has already had lunch.” 是现在完成时肯定句，改为否定句时，在助动词 has 后加 not，缩写为 hasn't，already 常用于肯定句，否定句中用 yet，放在句末，所以改写为 “He hasn't had lunch yet.”。
答案：How long have they known each other
解析：原句 “They have known each other since 2010.” 中，划线部分 “since 2010” 表示时间长度，对其提问用 “How long”（多久），然后将助动词 have 提前，其他部分照抄，得到 “How long have they known each other ”。
答案：Has she been to Beijing three times
解析：原句 “She has been to Beijing three times.” 是现在完成时肯定句，改为一般疑问句时，将助动词 has 提前，其他部分照抄，所以变为 “Has she been to Beijing three times ”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：I have been to the park many times.
解析：原句 “I have gone to the park many times.” 错误，“have gone to” 表示 “去了某地（还没回来）”，而句子表达去过公园很多次，现在已经回来，应该用 “have been to”（去过某地），所以将 gone 改为 been。
答案：He has had the book for two weeks.
解析：原句 “He has bought the book for two weeks.” 错误，“buy” 是瞬间动词，不能与 “for + 时间段” 连用，应将其改为延续性动词 “have”（拥有），所以把 bought 改为 had。
答案：Since he came here, he has made many friends.
解析：原句 “Since he comes here, he has made many friends.” 错误，since 引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，所以应将 comes 改为 came。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：As time goes by, you will understand the importance of learning.
解析：参照 “As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.” 的结构，“随着时间的推移” 翻译为 “As time goes by”，as 引导时间状语从句；“你会明白” 翻译为 “you will understand”；“学习的重要性” 翻译为 “the importance of learning” 。
答案：Our rural primary school is made of stones, with wooden windows and clay floors.
解析：参考 “My secondary school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass.” 的结构，“我们的乡村小学” 翻译为 “Our rural primary school”；“是用石头建造的” 翻译为 “is made of stones”；“有木制的窗户和泥土地面” 用 “with wooden windows and clay floors”，使用 with 复合结构描述学校特征 。
答案：He found that he had two hobbies, one for painting, the other for photography.
解析：依据 “As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.” 的结构，“他发现” 翻译为 “He found that”，that 引导宾语从句；“自己有两种爱好” 翻译为 “he had two hobbies”；“一种是绘画，另一种是摄影” 翻译为 “one for painting, the other for photography”，对 “two hobbies” 进行补充说明 。
Unit 4 Sharing单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）重点词组
a chorus of：齐声；异口同声。
例句：A chorus of applause filled the hall when the singer finished her performance.（歌手演唱结束时，大厅里响起了一阵掌声。）
not to mention：更不用说；且不说。
例句：He can speak English, French, and Spanish, not to mention Chinese.
（他会说英语、法语和西班牙语，更不用说中文了。）
take (…) for granted：认为 (……) 是理所当然；对 (……) 不予重视。
例句：Don't take your parents' love for granted.
（不要把父母的爱视为理所当然。）
relay to：转达给……；转发给……。
例句：Please relay my thanks to your parents.（请向你的父母转达我的谢意。）
be dying to：渴望；极想。
例句：She is dying to travel around the world.（她渴望环游世界。）
adapt to：适应。
例句：It took him some time to adapt to the new environment.
（他花了一些时间才适应新环境。）
come across：偶然遇见；偶然发现。
例句：I came across an old friend on the street yesterday.
（我昨天在街上偶然遇到一位老朋友。）
make a difference：有影响；起作用。
例句：Your support can make a difference to the success of the project.
（你的支持对项目的成功至关重要。）
be related to：与…… 有关。
例句：His illness is related to his unhealthy lifestyle.
（他的病与他不健康的生活方式有关。）
dry out：（使）变干；（使）干透。
例句：The sun dried out the wet clothes quickly.（太阳很快把湿衣服晒干了。）
（二）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.用以上短语的正确形式填空。
When the good news was announced, ___________ cheers broke out.
He is so busy with his work that he often forgets to eat, ___________ exercise.
We should never ___________ the hard - won peace.
Can you ___________ this message ___________ your teacher
The children ___________ see the new cartoon movie.
It's important for us to ___________ the changing situation.
I ___________ a rare book in the second - hand bookstore last weekend.
Small actions can also ___________ in protecting the environment.
Her success ___________ her hard work and determination.
Leave the wet shoes in the sun to ___________.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
观众们异口同声地欢呼起来。
他连基本的生活技能都不会，更不用说复杂的技术了。
我们不应把他人的帮助视为理所当然。
请把这个好消息转达给你的同学。
她渴望去国外学习先进的知识。
你需要尽快适应这里的生活方式。
我在整理旧照片时偶然发现了这张珍贵的照片。
每个人都可以在改善社区环境方面发挥作用。
他的研究与当前的社会问题有关。
把洗好的衣服挂在外面晾干。
二、语法知识点
（一）现在完成时
用法：
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例句：I have lost my key.（我把钥匙丢了。）（结果是现在没有钥匙了）
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。
例句：She has lived here for ten years.（她在这里住了十年了。）
构成：助动词 have/has + 过去分词。当主语为第三人称单数时用 has，其余情况用 have。
时间状语：already（已经，常用于肯定句），yet（还，常用于否定句和疑问句），just（刚刚），ever（曾经），never（从不），so far（到目前为止），up to now（直到现在），for + 时间段，since + 时间点 / 从句等。
（二）练习题
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.用括号中动词的正确形式完成句子。
I ___________ (see) the film twice. It's very interesting.
He ___________ (work) in this company since 2018.
___________ you ___________ (finish) your homework yet
They ___________ (not visit) the museum so far.
She ___________ (live) here for five months.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the requirements.根据要求改写下列句子。
He has already had lunch.（改为否定句）
They have known each other since 2010.（对划线部分提问）
She has been to Beijing three times.（改为一般疑问句）
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
纠正下列句子中的错误。
I have gone to the park many times.
He has bought the book for two weeks.
Since he comes here, he has made many friends.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.
结构分析：“As you grow older” 是 as 引导的时间状语从句，表示 “随着你长大”；主句 “you will discover that...” 中，“that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others” 是 that 引导的宾语从句，“one for helping yourself, the other for helping others” 对 “two hands” 进行补充说明 。
（二）My secondary school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass.
结构分析：前一句为主系表结构，介绍学校类型；后一句中 “are made of” 表示 “由…… 制成”，“with clay floors and roofs of grass” 是 with 复合结构，对教室的特征进行补充描述。
（三）翻译练习题
随着时间的推移，你会明白学习的重要性。
我们的乡村小学是用石头建造的，有木制的窗户和泥土地面。
他发现自己有两种爱好，一种是绘画，另一种是摄影。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
志愿工作相关词汇：volunteer work（志愿工作），volunteer teacher（志愿教师），community service（社区服务），charity organization（慈善组织），offer help（提供帮助），assist the needy（帮助有需要的人）
援助与分享相关词汇：provide aid（提供援助），make donations（进行捐赠），share knowledge（分享知识），give a hand（伸出援手），relieve suffering（减轻痛苦）
情感与意义相关词汇：feel proud of（为…… 感到骄傲），be grateful for（对…… 心存感激），make a positive impact（产生积极影响），bring joy（带来快乐），create a better future（创造更美好的未来）
（二）高分句式积累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is meaningful for us to participate in volunteer activities.
（对我们来说，参加志愿活动是有意义的。）
Not only...but also...
例句：Volunteering can not only help others but also enrich our own lives.
（志愿活动不仅能帮助他人，还能丰富我们自己的生活。）
There is no doubt that...
例句：There is no doubt that sharing can make the world a better place.
（毫无疑问，分享能让世界变得更美好。）
What + 主语 + need (s) is...
例句：What the children in poor areas need most is good education.
（贫困地区的孩子们最需要的是良好的教育。）
（三）参考范文
My Experience as a Volunteer
Last summer, I had the opportunity to take part in a volunteer activity in an old people’s home. It was an unforgettable experience that made a deep impression on me.
When I first arrived at the old people’s home, I was a bit nervous. But as soon as I started talking with the elderly people, all my nervousness disappeared. I listened to their stories about the past, their joys and sorrows. Some of them were very lonely as their children lived far away. I spent time chatting with them, helping them clean their rooms, and even teaching them how to use smartphones.
I remember an old lady named Grandma Li. She was very interested in learning about modern technology. I patiently showed her how to send messages and make video calls. When she successfully made a video call to her grandson, she was so happy that she held my hand tightly and thanked me again and again. At that moment, I truly realized the meaning of volunteering. It’s not just about giving help; it’s about bringing warmth and hope to others.
Through this volunteer activity, I not only brought joy to the elderly but also learned a lot. I learned to be more patient and understanding. I also realized that we should care more about the elderly and give them more love and attention. There is no doubt that this experience has made me a more responsible and caring person. I hope I can take part in more volunteer activities in the future and make a difference to more people’s lives.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：a chorus of
解析：“When the good news was announced, … cheers broke out.”，根据语境，好消息宣布时，应是 “齐声欢呼”，“a chorus of” 表示 “齐声；异口同声”，符合语义，所以填 “a chorus of”。
答案：not to mention
解析：“He is so busy with his work that he often forgets to eat, … exercise.”，句子表达他工作忙到常忘记吃饭，更不用说锻炼了，“not to mention” 意为 “更不用说；且不说”，用于补充说明更不可能的情况，故填 “not to mention”。
答案：take；for granted
解析：“We should never … the hard - won peace.”，结合短语含义，“take (…) for granted” 表示 “认为 (……) 是理所当然；对 (……) 不予重视”，此句表示不应把来之不易的和平视为理所当然，所以填 “take；for granted”。
答案：relay；to
解析：“Can you … this message … your teacher ”，询问能否把消息转达给老师，“relay to” 意思是 “转达给……；转发给……”，符合句子要求，因此填 “relay；to”。
答案：are dying to
解析：“The children … see the new cartoon movie.”，描述孩子们渴望看新卡通电影，“be dying to” 表示 “渴望；极想”，主语 “The children” 是复数，be 动词用 are，所以填 “are dying to”。
答案：adapt to
解析：“It's important for us to … the changing situation.”，强调适应变化形势的重要性，“adapt to” 意为 “适应”，“to” 后接动词原形，故填 “adapt to”。
答案：came across
解析：“I … a rare book in the second - hand bookstore last weekend.”，表示上周末在二手书店偶然发现一本稀有书籍，“come across” 表示 “偶然遇见；偶然发现”，句子时态为一般过去时，“come” 的过去式是 “came”，所以填 “came across”。
答案：make a difference
解析：“Small actions can also … in protecting the environment.”，说明小行动也能在环保中发挥作用，“make a difference” 表示 “有影响；起作用”，“can” 后接动词原形，因此填 “make a difference”。
答案：is related to
解析：“Her success … her hard work and determination.”，表达她的成功与努力和决心有关，“be related to” 表示 “与…… 有关”，主语 “Her success” 是单数，be 动词用 is，所以填 “is related to”。
答案：dry out
解析：“Leave the wet shoes in the sun to …”，意思是把湿鞋子放在太阳下晒干，“dry out” 表示 “（使）变干；（使）干透”，“to” 后接动词原形，故填 “dry out”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：The audience cheered with a chorus of voices.
解析：“观众们” 翻译为 “The audience”；“欢呼起来” 翻译为 “cheered”；“异口同声地” 用 “with a chorus of voices”，使用 “a chorus of” 的变形表达，体现 “齐声” 的含义。
答案：He can't even master basic life skills, not to mention complex technologies.
解析：“他” 翻译为 “He”；“连…… 都不会” 用 “can't even”；“掌握基本生活技能” 翻译为 “master basic life skills”；“更不用说” 用 “not to mention”；“复杂的技术” 翻译为 “complex technologies” 。
答案：We should not take the help of others for granted.
解析：“我们” 翻译为 “We”；“不应” 翻译为 “should not”；“把…… 视为理所当然” 用 “take … for granted”；“他人的帮助” 翻译为 “the help of others” 。
答案：Please relay this good news to your classmates.
解析：“请” 翻译为 “Please”；“转达” 用 “relay”；“这个好消息” 翻译为 “this good news”；“给你的同学” 翻译为 “to your classmates” 。
答案：She is dying to go abroad to study advanced knowledge.
解析：“她” 翻译为 “She”；“渴望” 用 “is dying to”；“去国外” 翻译为 “go abroad”；“学习先进的知识” 翻译为 “study advanced knowledge” 。
答案：You need to adapt to the local lifestyle as soon as possible.
解析：“你” 翻译为 “You”；“需要” 翻译为 “need to”；“适应” 用 “adapt to”；“这里的生活方式” 翻译为 “the local lifestyle”；“尽快” 翻译为 “as soon as possible” 。
答案：I came across this precious photo while sorting out old photos.
解析：“我” 翻译为 “I”；“偶然发现” 用 “came across”；“这张珍贵的照片” 翻译为 “this precious photo”；“在整理旧照片时” 翻译为 “while sorting out old photos”，使用 “while + 现在分词” 结构作时间状语 。
答案：Everyone can make a difference in improving the community environment.
解析：“每个人” 翻译为 “Everyone”；“可以发挥作用” 用 “can make a difference”；“在改善社区环境方面” 翻译为 “in improving the community environment”，“in + 动名词” 表示 “在…… 方面” 。
答案：His research is related to current social problems.
解析：“他的研究” 翻译为 “His research”；“与…… 有关” 用 “is related to”；“当前的社会问题” 翻译为 “current social problems” 。
答案：Hang the washed clothes outside to dry out.
解析：“把…… 挂在外面” 翻译为 “Hang … outside”；“洗好的衣服” 翻译为 “the washed clothes”；“晾干” 用 “dry out” 。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
答案：have seen
解析：“I … (see) the film twice. It's very interesting.”，“twice”（两次）表示过去发生的 “看电影” 这个动作对现在造成的影响是知道电影很有趣，符合现在完成时 “过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果” 的用法，主语 I 不是第三人称单数，助动词用 have，see 的过去分词是 seen，所以填 have seen。
答案：has worked
解析：“He … (work) in this company since 2018.”，“since 2018”（自从 2018 年）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，主语 He 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，work 的过去分词是 worked，因此填 has worked。
答案：Have；finished
解析：“… you … (finish) your homework yet ”，“yet” 常用于现在完成时的疑问句中，询问 “你完成作业了吗”，表示过去开始的动作对现在的影响，现在完成时一般疑问句结构是 “Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，主语 you 不是第三人称单数，助动词用 Have，finish 的过去分词是 finished，所以填 Have；finished。
答案：haven't visited
解析：“They … (not visit) the museum so far.”，“so far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，句子为否定句，现在完成时否定句结构是 “主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词”，主语 They 不是第三人称单数，助动词用 haven't，visit 的过去分词是 visited，所以填 haven't visited。
答案：has lived
解析：“She … (live) here for five months.”，“for five months”（五个月）表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语 She 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，live 的过去分词是 lived，所以填 has lived。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences according to the requirements
答案：He hasn't had lunch yet.
解析：原句 “He has already had lunch.” 是现在完成时肯定句，改为否定句时，在助动词 has 后加 not，缩写为 hasn't，already 常用于肯定句，否定句中用 yet，放在句末，所以改写为 “He hasn't had lunch yet.”。
答案：How long have they known each other
解析：原句 “They have known each other since 2010.” 中，划线部分 “since 2010” 表示时间长度，对其提问用 “How long”（多久），然后将助动词 have 提前，其他部分照抄，得到 “How long have they known each other ”。
答案：Has she been to Beijing three times
解析：原句 “She has been to Beijing three times.” 是现在完成时肯定句，改为一般疑问句时，将助动词 has 提前，其他部分照抄，所以变为 “Has she been to Beijing three times ”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：I have been to the park many times.
解析：原句 “I have gone to the park many times.” 错误，“have gone to” 表示 “去了某地（还没回来）”，而句子表达去过公园很多次，现在已经回来，应该用 “have been to”（去过某地），所以将 gone 改为 been。
答案：He has had the book for two weeks.
解析：原句 “He has bought the book for two weeks.” 错误，“buy” 是瞬间动词，不能与 “for + 时间段” 连用，应将其改为延续性动词 “have”（拥有），所以把 bought 改为 had。
答案：Since he came here, he has made many friends.
解析：原句 “Since he comes here, he has made many friends.” 错误，since 引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，所以应将 comes 改为 came。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：As time goes by, you will understand the importance of learning.
解析：参照 “As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.” 的结构，“随着时间的推移” 翻译为 “As time goes by”，as 引导时间状语从句；“你会明白” 翻译为 “you will understand”；“学习的重要性” 翻译为 “the importance of learning” 。
答案：Our rural primary school is made of stones, with wooden windows and clay floors.
解析：参考 “My secondary school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass.” 的结构，“我们的乡村小学” 翻译为 “Our rural primary school”；“是用石头建造的” 翻译为 “is made of stones”；“有木制的窗户和泥土地面” 用 “with wooden windows and clay floors”，使用 with 复合结构描述学校特征 。
答案：He found that he had two hobbies, one for painting, the other for photography.
解析：依据 “As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.” 的结构，“他发现” 翻译为 “He found that”，that 引导宾语从句；“自己有两种爱好” 翻译为 “he had two hobbies”；“一种是绘画，另一种是摄影” 翻译为 “one for painting, the other for photography”，对 “two hobbies” 进行补充说明 。