高中英语必修1（人教版）Unit 3 Travel journal 知识点复习学案

Travel
journal
-知识点复习学案
核心单词
1.
persuade
vt.说服；劝服；使相信(同convince)
常用结构：
persuade
sb.
of
sth.
使某人相信某事
persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事
persuade
sb.
into
doing
sth.
说服某人做某事
persuade
sb.
out
of
doing
sth.
说服某人不要做某事
persuade
sb.
that-clause
使某人相信……
联想拓展
talk
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.
=reason
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
trick
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.
诱使某人做/不做某事
urge
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.
怂恿某人做/不做某事
易混辨析
advise/persuade
advise
强调“劝告，建议”的动作，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不注重结果；而persuade强调“已经说服”，重在结果。用法上：advise可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，也可以接that-clause
（that
sb.
should
do）,而persuade则不能。
I
persuaded
him
of
its
truth.
我使他相信这是真的。
We
will
persuade
him
to
take
the
medicine.
我们将说服他把药吃下去。
We
persuaded
her
into
taking
the
job.
我们说服她接受了这份工作。
I
persuaded
my
father
out
of
smoking.
我劝服父亲戒了烟。
She
persuaded
me
that
death
does
not
end
all.
她说服我相信了死并不能结束一切。
He
persuaded
her
to
g
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
to
school,
even
though
she
did
not
want
to.
即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去了。
He
advised
that
we
(should)
leave
early.
他建议我们早点出发。
高手过招
单项填空
①Alice
trusts
you;
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly
you
can
her
to
give
up
the
foolish
idea.
（2010·安徽合肥八中检测）
A.
suggest
B.
attract
C.
tempt
D.
persuade
②Mr
Li
no
lon
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger
smokes
now
because
his
wife
him
to
give
up
smoking
last
year.
（2010·江苏常州检测题）
A.
suggested
B.
advised
C.
persuaded
D.
told
①解析：选D。句意为：爱丽丝信任你，唯
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事;suggest劝说、建议，后不接动词不定式;attract
吸引;tempt
诱惑，引诱，均不符题意。故选D项。
②解析：选C。考查advise
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b.
to
do
sth.和persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.的区别。advise
sb.
to
do
sth.
意思是“劝某人做某事”，强调动作，尤其是表达“劝而不服”时多用此结构；persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.意思是“劝服某人做某事”，强调结果。
2.
determine
vt.
(使)决定,决心要;确定
常用结构：
determine
+
n.
/
pron.决(确)定
determine
to
do
sth.决定做某事
(表示动作，是非延续性动词短语)
determine
on／upon
...决定……
determine
that／what
...决定……
determine
sb．to
do
sth.使某人决定做某事
determine
sb.
against
sth.使某人决定不做某事
be
determined
to
do
sth.决心做某事
(表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用)
We
determine
to
go
to
the
railway
station
at
once.
我们决定立刻去火车站。
The
court
determined
that
the
man
was
guilty
of
assault.
法庭裁定那个人犯了侵犯人身罪。
That
determined
her
against
leaving
home.
那件事使她决定不离开家了。
联想拓展
determined
adj.
坚决的，有决心的
determination
n.
决心
I
was
determined
to
make
it
as
a
jazz
musician.
我决定要成为一名爵士乐音乐家。
温馨提示
be
determined
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do与determine
to
do
意思基本一致，但前者表示状态，可与某段时间状语连用；后者表示动作，是非延续性的动词短语。类似的短语还有：prepare
for／be
prepared
for，worry
about／be
worried
about。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。
高手过招
单项填空
He
left
school
early
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd
as
an
adolescent,
to
make
his
fortune
in
America.
（2010·江苏城头中学一轮检测）
A.
is
determined
B.
had
be
determined
C.
determined
D.
determining
解析：选C。考查determine的用法。根据句意应使用be
determined
to结构，此处determined为形容词作伴随状语。
3.
insist
v.
坚持；坚决要求
You
can
come
back
later,
if
you
insist.
如果你一定要坚持，就稍后再来吧。
常用结构：
insist
on/upon
sth./(sb’s)
doing
sth.
坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事
insist
that
....(should)坚持……
I
still
insist
on
my
viewpoint.
我仍然坚持我的观点。
He
insisted
on
paying
for
the
meal.
他坚持要付饭钱。
Mother
insisted
on
our
washing
the
clothes
by
ourselves.
妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
温馨提示
insist当“坚决要求”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解时，后面的从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语部分用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形；如果insist当“坚持（认为；说）”解时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。
高手过招
单项填空
①The
man
ins
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isted
a
taxi
for
me
even
though
I
told
him
I
lived
nearby.
（原创）
A.
find
B.
to
find
C.
on
finding
D.
in
finding
②I
advised
that
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
the
hospital
at
once,
but
he
insisted
that
he
quite
well
then.（2010·山东寿光一中一轮检测）
A.
be
sent;
was
feeling
B.
was
sent;
felt
C.
be
sent;
feel
D.
should
be
sent;
should
feel
①解析：选C。insist
on
doing
sth.是习惯搭配，意为“坚持做某事”。
②解析：选A。advise引导宾语从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，从句中的谓语动词不管什么人称都应用should
do;
should也可以省去，只用动词原形表述事实。insist在此处意为“坚持认为”。故选A。
4.
once
用法较多，意思也比较丰富，既可以用作连词，也可以用作副词。
once用作连词时，意为“一旦……就……”，连接时间状语从句，相当于as
soon
as。
once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前”。它是一个不确定的时间副词，其位置一般是在行为动词之前，系动词之后。
once用作副词，也可意为“一次”。
Once
you
start,
you
will
never
give
up.
一旦开始了，你就不要放弃。
Physics
is
easy
to
learn
once
you
understand
the
rules.
一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。
Once
he
lived
in
America,
but
now
he
lives
in
England.
他曾经居住在美国，但现在他生活在英国。
His
song
was
once
very
popular
among
the
young
people.
他的歌曾经在年轻人中很流行。
The
old
professor
comes
to
see
us
once
a
week.
那个老教授一周来看我们一次。
Tell
us
the
story
once
more.把那个故事再给我们讲一遍。
联想拓展
at
once
立刻；马上
once
again再一次；又一次（相当于once
more）
all
at
once突然（相当于suddenly)
once
upon
a
time很早以前；从前
once
in
a
while偶尔；间或once/as
soon
as
once偏重于条件，而as
soon
as偏重于时间。
Once
you
see
the
film,
you’d
never
forget
it(不宜用as
soon
as).
你一旦看了这部电影，你就永远不会忘记它。
As
soon
as
he
got
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
off
the
plane,
we
wanted
to
say
hello
to
him(不宜用once).
他一下飞机，我们就想向他打招呼。
高手过招
单项填空
①
enviro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nmental
damage
is
done,
it
takes
many
years
for
the
ecosystem
(生态系统)
to
recover.
（原创）
A.
Even
if
B.
If
only
C.
While
D.
Once
②
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )understand
this
rule,
you’ll
have
no
further
difficulty.
（2010·山东烟台质量检测）
A.
Once
B.
Unless
C.
As
D.
Until
①解析：选D。句子为once引导的时间
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语从句，意为“一旦；一……就……”。句意为：一旦环境遭到损害，就需要许多年才能使生态系统恢复。even
if引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。if
only意为“要是……就好了”，引导从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。while意为“当……的时候”，引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。故选D。
②解析：选A。考查由once引导的时间状语从句，意为“一旦”。句意为：一旦明白了这条规则，就再也没有困难了。
5.
view
n.
风景；视野；观点；见解
vt.
观看；注视；考虑
The
house
has
a
view
over
the
sea.
这座房子面向大海，视野开阔。
What
is
your
view
on
school
punishments
你对学校的处罚有什么看法？
The
plan
was
viewed
favorably.这项计划是受到称赞的。
联想拓展
in
one’s
view
在某人看来
come
into
view
进入视野，看得见
in
full
view
(of
sb./sth.)
完全看得见
in
view
of
sth.
鉴于，考虑到，由于
with
a
view
to
sth.／to
doing
sth.为了，指望
Several
possible
buyers
have
come
to
view
the
house.
几个可能是买主的人来看过房子。
高手过招
单项填空
On
the
top
of
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his
mountain,
you
can
get
a
wonderful
of
the
nearby
hills.
（2010·山西太原五中检测）
sight
B.
view
C.
distance
D.
look
解析：选B。get
a
view
of为固定搭配，意为“看到……的景象”。
重点短语
6.
care
about
关心；担心；在乎；喜欢
I
really
care
about
my
work.
我真的关心我的工作。
联想拓展
care
for
喜爱；照顾；重视
take
care
当心
take
care
of
照料;
关怀;
处理
under
the
care
of
由……管理,
在……的照料下,
在……的保护下
with
care
小心,
慎重
She
doesn’t
care
for
that
colour．她不喜欢那种颜色。
He
spent
years
caring
for
his
sick
mother．
他数年里一直在照顾生病的母亲。
I
do
care
for
what
my
teacher
says.
我的确尊重老师说的话。
高手过招
（1）单项填空
That
old
man
is
so
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )greedy(贪婪的)
that
he
nothing
but
money,
not
even
his
relatives.
（原创）
A.
look
about
B.
search
for
C.
cares
about
D.
takes
care
of
（2）完成句子
（原创）
①他一点也不关心别人，只想着自己。
He
doesn’t
care
other
people
at
all;
he
is
always
thinking
of
himself.
②爱因斯坦对金钱不感兴趣，对薪水也不计较。
Einstein
who
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ared
little
money
never
cared
his
salary.
(1)解析：选C。考查短语辨析。loo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k
about到处看；search
for寻找，相当于look
for；care
about关心；在乎；take
care
of照料。
(2)①about②for;
about
7.
change
one’s
mind
改变主意
Maybe
you’ll
change
your
mind
after
thinking
it
over.
也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。
联想拓展
make
up
one’s
mind
(to
do)
下定决心（做某事）
have
a/no
mind
to
do
有/无意做……
lose
one’s
mind
失去理智
read
one’s
mind
看出某人的心思
speak
one’s
mind
直言不讳
be
of
the
same
mind
意见一致
be
in/of
two
minds
拿不定主意
give
one’s
mind
to
注意……
keep
one’s
mind
on
专心于……
take
one’s
mind
off
sth.
转移某人的注意
bear/keep
sth.
in
mind
记住某事
bring/call
sth.
to
mind
回忆某事
put
one’s
mind
to
sth.
全神贯注于某事
I
have
made
up
my
mind
to
leave,
and
nothing
you
say
will
change
it.
我已经下定决心要离开，不管你说什么我都不会改变主意了。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )①I’ve
made
up
my
mind
to
be
a
doctor.
②Nothing
will
make
me
change
my
mind.
8.
give
in
屈服，让步，投降；上交
联想拓展
give
in
(to
sb./sth.)
向……让步
give
up
sth./doing
放弃（做）某事
give
away
赠送；泄露
give
back
归还；恢复
give
off
放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等)
give
out分配；分发；发布；（食物，燃料，电力等）被用光；筋疲力尽
Seeing
that
he
coul
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
not
persuade
me,
he
had
to
give
in
(to
my
view).
由于无法说服我，他不得不让步。
Our
food
supply
at
last
gives
out.
我们的食物终于用完了。
His
strength
gave
out.
他已筋疲力尽。
高手过招
单项填空
It
is
always
the
hus
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )band
who
first
when
a
quarrel
breaks
out
between
the
young
couple.
（2010·山东聊城检测）
A.
give
away
B.
gives
out
C.
gives
in
D.
gives
off
解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当年轻
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )夫妻之间发生争吵时，最先让步的总是丈夫。give
away
赠送，泄露，出卖；give
out
分发，用完，消耗尽；give
in
投降，屈服，让步；give
off
放出，散发出。
重点句型
9.
Which
kind
of
transport
do
you
prefer
to
use:
bus
or
train
汽车和火车，你更喜欢使用哪种交通方式？
prefer
to
do
(rath
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
than
do)
意为“宁可；宁愿（表选择）”或者“更喜欢做某事”。
其本身带有like
better的含义，所以不能再与表示程度的better或more连用。
联想拓展
prefer
sth.
喜欢某事/物
prefer
doing
sth.
更喜欢做某事
prefer+to
do
sth.
（表示特定场合下）更喜欢做某事
prefer
sb.
to
do
sth.
宁愿某人做某事
prefer
A
to
B/prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B
宁愿……而不愿……
prefer
to
do
A
rather
than
do
B
宁愿做A而不愿做B
prefer
+
that-clause
(虚拟语气)+(should)
+do
喜欢做某事
Do
you
prefer
cooking
for
yourself
or
eating
in
a
restaurant
你是喜欢自己做饭还是下馆子？
Their
father
prefers
them
to
be
home
early.
他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。
I
prefer
writing
a
term
paper
to
taking
an
examination.
我宁愿写一篇学术论文也不愿参加考试。
He
preferred
to
die
rather
than
become
a
traitor.
他宁死也不做叛徒。
Would
you
prefer
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
I（should）come
on
Monday
instead
of
on
Tuesday
你宁愿让我星期一来而不是星期二来吗？
高手过招
单项填空
My
sister
singing
dancing
while
I
dance
sing.
（原创）
A.
prefers;
to;
would
rather;
than
B.
would
rather;
than;
prefer;
to
C.
prefers;
rather
than;
would
rather;
to
D.
would
rather;
to;
prefer;
to
解析：选A。考查固定搭配。prefer的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )搭配是prefer
to
do
rather
than
do或prefer
doing
to
doing；would
rather的搭配是would
rather
do
than
do或would
do
rather
than
do，因此A项正确。
10.
When
I
told
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
the
air
would
be
hard
to
breathe
and
it
would
be
very
cold,
she
said
it
would
be
an
interesting
experience.
当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
“...the
air
would
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be
hard
to
breathe
...”是“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构，其中不定式的谓语与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表示被动意义，不定式后面如果是不及物动词要在其后加适当的介词与主语构成动宾关系。这一类的形容词通常可以描绘主语的情绪、态度、品质属性或者难易程度，如hard,
difficult,
easy,
nice,
interesting,
important,
pleasant和comfortable等。
Your
writing
is
impossible
to
read.
你写的字太难辨认了。
Do
you
think
the
water
is
safe
to
drink
你认为这水喝起来安全吗？
The
chair
looks
rat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her
hard,
but
it
is
very
comfortable
to
sit
on.
这把椅子看上去很硬，但坐起来很舒服。
高手过招
完成句子
（原创）
①有时候她很不容易理解。
She
was
difficult
at
times.
②他是唯一一个被授予这种荣誉的外国人。
He
was
the
onl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
foreigner
such
an
honour.
①to
understand
②to
be
given
11.
A
determi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned
person
always
tries
to
finish
the
job,
no
matter
how
hard
it
is.
有决心的人总是努力完成工作，不管它有多么难。
no
matter
how
...引导让步
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语从句，意为“无论多么……”，how后跟形容词或副词，相当于“however
+
adj./adv.”句式。
联想拓展
no
matter意为“无论；不管”时，引导
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )让步状语从句，常用于下列句型中：no
matter
what
(who/when
etc.
)...
分别表示“无论何事”、“无论何人”、“无论何时”等，这个从句可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。no
matter后接关系代词或关系副词引导的状语从句在句中作让步状语。
注意：whatever,
however,
whoever
etc.可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
No
matter
what
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
=Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
不管发生什么，他都不在意。
（错）Prisoners
have
to
eat
no
matter
what
they’re
given.
（对）Prisoners
have
to
eat
whatever
they’re
given.
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
No
matter
how
hard
he
works,
he
can
not
get
a
promotion.
不管他工作多努力,
他就是得不到提升。
No
matter
what
you
do,
you
must
be
very
careful.
不管做什么事，你都必须非常细心。
No
matter
who
you
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(=Whoever
you
are),
I’ll
never
let
you
in.无论你是谁，我绝不让你进去。
No
matter
whic
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
you
choose(=Whichever
you
choose),
you
will
be
satisfied.
不论你选择哪一个，你都会满意的。
No
matter
where
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
go
(=Wherever
I
go),
I
will
be
thinking
of
you.
无论我去哪里，我都会想着你。
高手过招
单项填空
①
the
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roblem
may
be,
we
must
solve
it
ourselves.（2010·山东威海一轮验收）
A.
Whatever
difficult
B.
How
difficult
C.
However
difficult
D.
No
matter
what
difficult
②It
is
generally
co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nsidered
unwise
to
give
a
child
he
or
she
wants.
（2010·山东枣庄检测）
A.
however
B.
whatever
C.
whichever
D.
whenever
①解析：选C。句意为：不管问题有多
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )难，我们都要独立解决。
difficult为形容词，因此用how修饰，表示程度。however在这里没有转折的意思，相当于no
matter
how，因此答案为C。
②解析：选B。考查从属关联词的用
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法。whatever等于anything
that或everything
that，引导宾语从句。whatever一方面起引导词的作用，同时作从句中wants的宾语。