2026届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇学案（含解析）

阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇
一、命题特点
1. 选材特点
文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。
2. 语篇结构
特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。
事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。
3. 设题特点
就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。
4. 命题热点
科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage
标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text
其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：What does the underlined word/phrase…in paragraph…mean/refer to
二、说明方法
1. 罗列法（listing）
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2. 举例法（examples）
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
3. 比较法（comparison and contrast）
比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4. 定义法（definition）
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.
5. 顺序法（sequence of time，space and process）
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
6. 分类法（classification）
分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。
Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously，and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books…
二、解题策略
1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。
2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。
3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真
高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。
三、说明文实用答题妙招
1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。
2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。
3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。
4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。
5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
Passage 01
（山东省烟台市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）32°N adaptive glasses, created by Deep Optics using pixelated liquid crystal (PLC) lenses (像素化液晶镜片), work as both protective eyewear and adaptive reading glasses.
PLC lenses appeared as early as 2017, but only recently did the company create an interesting pair of eyeglasses that could, in theory, become the only pair of glasses a person would need. That`s because the adaptive concept of the glasses allows wearers to adjust their purpose with a single slide of the frame (框架). For stylish sunglasses, simply slide backward on the right frame, and to put them into vision correction mode, you just slide back to the original place. Additionally, the lens power can be changed from 0 to 2.5 diopters (屈光度), and the built-in battery offers up to 48 hours of power.
“Our special technology actively corrects vision using PLC lenses,” Deep Optics explains. “The lenses perform like human eyes, allowing the wearer to see what they want when they want. Our technology adds no extra weight or size.” The lenses are set in frames containing a distance meter on the bridge, which measures the distance from the wearer`s face to objects. The meter then sends a signal to adjust the diopters of the lenses. This adjustment can happen quickly, letting the user focus from one object to another clearly and accurately in 14 milliseconds.
At $849 per pair, 32°N glasses are not cheap, but they do relieve you of the need to carry two pairs of eyeglasses with you. No more changing between reading and distance glasses, as after adjusting the liquid crystal lenses to your needs, all you have to do is a slide on the right frame to change their focus between close and far distances.
These adaptive sunglasses are a giant step forward, ridding the need for single-use lenses. And 32°N glasses are not just primary designs that may or may not make it to the market. They are already available, despite their high price. Still, if liquid lenses become more mainstream, the price is certain to come down in the future.
8．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．How the lenses are fixed. B．How the lenses work.
C．How the lenses bear more weight. D．How the lenses are created.
9．Which words best describe 32°N glasses
A．Heavy but effective. B．Costly but multi-functional.
C．Creative but easily-broken. D．Energy-saving but inflexible.
10．What can we know about 32°N glasses from the last paragraph
A．They haven`t reached consumers. B．Theyllcurewearers eye illnesses.
C．They have replaced the old sunglasses. D．They`re a breakthrough in the glasses industry.
11．In which section of a website may the text appear
A．Education. B．Sports. C．Science. D．Entertainment.
Passage 02
（浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Harishchandra has spent decades of his life caring for the poor community. His son Prashant Sude, who has now taken over the operations of NGO, is following in his father’s footsteps, working to help people with disabilities.
“What we did at first was train them in recycling (回收) old clothes into mats (垫子) . The throwing away of old clothes is a significant issue, causing environmental harm. At our hand-me-down centre, we recycle these clothes into mats, providing a long-lasting solution to this problem. In doing so, they not only earn a living but also contribute to addressing the environmental challenges related to non-biodegradable waste,” he says.
However, with changing times, Prashant realized that this training might not be a very smart job with good pay after a few years.
“In 2010, we started giving massage (按摩) training to blind people. Massage is an excellent job opportunity for sight challenged individuals because they have sharp sensory abilities. The training methods are simple yet effective, allowing both less-educated and well-educated individuals to learn massage scientifically. Through our course, students learn various massage techniques practically. As a result, they become experts in the field. Once they are trained, they can return to their native village or stay at the centre and earn at least Rs 500 per massage.”
In 2021, the NGO came up with another branch of training. “We teach them various digital skills such as graphic design, video editing, and social media management. These skills are particularly suitable for those with locomotor disabilities. They use the labs at the NGO to practise their skill, do their work without having to move a lot and focus their energy more on creative thinking,” he adds.
While Prashant and Harishchandra along with many volunteers have helped hundreds of people, Prashant now wishes to expand the model throughout Maharashtra. “The blind in our country are treated as second-class citizens. With Swadhaar, we are aiming to reduce this gap by presenting them with the right opportunities. We want to help them become independent, and live the life they should have,” says Prashant.
24．Compared to the recycling project, the massage training program is ________.
A．more challenging B．more rewarding
C．less scientific D．less practical
25．How did the NGO help the disabled
A．By offering them different jobs. B．By developing their social skills.
C．By changing their working conditions. D．By giving them training in different areas.
26．What does the underlined phrase “locomotor disabilities” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Inability to hear. B．Failure to focus.
C．Difficulty in moving. D．Lack of creativity.
27．What does the story mainly tell us
A．Every dog has its day. B．Many hands make light work.
C．Two heads are better than one. D．Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.
Passage 03
（湖南省怀化市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Doctors have transplanted a pig kidney (肾) into a 62-year-oldman living with end-stage kidney disease. The patient Richard Slayman, was recovering well and was expected to be discharged from the hospital within days.
Strictly speaking, this isn’t the first ever pig-to-human kidney transplant. The procedure has been performed five times in the past, all in people who were declared brain-dead and kept on life support. The most recent of those took place in July 2023 by Robert Montgomery at NYU Langone Health and his workmates. However, Slayman’s operation is the first time that a pig kidney has been transplanted into a living human. Thanks to the efforts by thousands of scientists and physicians over several decades the operation is a great success, which makes it a significant milestone in the field of the transfer of animal organs to humans.
Slayman has type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney disease. He had previously received a human kidney from a donor in December 2018. However, the organs showed signs of failure about five years later. He started dialysis (透析) in May last year, but experienced complications, requiring visits to the hospital every two weeks.
The organ was provided by a company called e Genesis, which raises pigs genetically engineered to carry certain human genes and to lack a particular set of pig genes that are harmful to humans. These genetic changes reduce the possibility of transplant rejection, when the immune system attacks the organ and causes it to fail. Slayman is also receiving a cocktail of immune-suppressing drugs to further lower the risk. So far, there is no sign of rejection and Slayman is able to walk on his own.
More than 100,000 people in the US are waiting for an organ transplant, 17 of whom die each day. The US Food and Drug Administration authorized the experimental transplant for Slayman due to a lack of other treatment choices. “Our hope is that this transplant approach will offer a lifeline to millions of patients worldwide who are suffering from kidney failure.” said Tatsuo Kawai at Massachusetts General Hospital in a statement.
12．Why is the pig kidney transplant considered a milestone
A．No animal-to-human organ transplant has been done before.
B．It is the result of many scientists and physicians’ joint efforts.
C．It is the first successful pig kidney transplant into a human.
D．It has been performed in people who are declared brain-dead.
13．What can we know from the passage
A．Slayman has received kidney transplant only once. B．Pigs used for transplant carry no human genes.
C．Many people in need of organ transplant. D．Slayman needn’t take any drugs after the transplant.
14．What is Tatsuo Kawai’s attitude towards pig kidney transplant
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Critical D．Uninterested
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Why is Kidney Transplant Important B．Human Receives Pig Kidney
C．The Future of Kidney Transplant D．A Milestone in Human History
Passage 04
（安徽省马鞍山市2023~2024学年高一下学期期末）Every year, hundreds of international students travel thousands of miles to study hard in China, leaving their homes and native languages behind. As some of them devote themselves to Chinese language study at Tongji University in Shanghai, one unique task helps them bridge the miles that lie in between — writing a letter home in Chinese.
The letter- home activity has become an annual tradition in Tongji’s pre-university Chinese program. After months of studying vocabulary, grammar, and composition, students from all over the world are tasked with writing a letter to their families, entirely in Chinese.
“At first, this activity was operated in a few classes. But when other students saw the letters on show, they began to write home letters on their own,” explained Zong Qian, director of the International School of the university.
As the letters started coming in, the teachers were impressed and touched by the students’ efforts to express emotions across cultures. “We realized that these letters offered a special window into the students’ experiences and growth in China,” said Zong. “The letters were very moving to read.”
Chipo Bard Shanzuwa Chintu from Zambia wrote about her adjustment to life in Shanghai: “I think Shanghai is beautiful and safe. Learning to write Chinese characters is very challenging but rewarding.” Neth Chanranuth from Cambodia described his progress after settling in: “Time flies and my Chinese language ability has improved a lot. I’ve gradually adapted to life in China.”
For the students, letters are a more special way of communication. Once they are received, that physical paper held in hands becomes a lasting memory one can revisit again and again.
8．What unique task are the international students asked to do at Tongji University
A．Learn Chinese vocabulary. B．Study grammar and composition.
C．Write a letter home in Chinese. D．Join in the pre- university program.
9．What can we infer about the letter-home activity
A．It took some efforts to get promoted.
B．It was run in all the classes at first.
C．It offered students a common way to communicate.
D．It contributed little to international students’ growth.
10．What did Zong Qian say about the students’ letters
A．They showed little effort. B．They were difficult to read.
C．They were very touching. D．They lacked cultural expressions.
11．How did Neth Chanranuth feel about his study in Chinese
A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Worried. D．Surprised.
Passage 05
（重庆市西南大学附中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Overcoming learning disabilities has long been a challenge for educators and students alike. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in revolutionizing the way we approach education for students with learning disabilities.
One of the most significant ways AI can assist is through the use of adaptive learning systems. These systems use algorithms (算法) to analyze a student’s performance and adjust the learning content and pace accordingly. This personalized approach allows them to progress at their own pace, without feeling overwhelmed or left behind. Furthermore, adaptive learning systems can identify areas where a student may be struggling and provide targeted support.
Another way AI can support them is through natural language processing (NLP) technology. NLP enables computers to understand and interpret human language, allowing AI-powered tools to provide real-time feedback on a student’s written work. This can be particularly beneficial for students with dyslexia, who often struggle with spelling, grammar, and sentence structure. By providing immediate feedback, students can identify and correct their mistakes, leading to improved writing skills and increased confidence.
AI can also play a role in developing their social and emotional skills. Many students with learning disabilities experience social isolation. AI-powered social robots can recognize and respond to human emotions, allowing students to engage in interactive conversations and activities that help develop their social and emotional intelligence.
While the potential benefits of AI in education are clear, it is essential to recognize AI isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. Educators must carefully consider the moral implications of using AI in the classroom and ensure these tools are used responsibly and with the best interests of the students in mind. Moreover, it is crucial to remember AI shouldn’t replace human educators but rather serve as a tool to enhance and support their efforts. Teachers play a vital role by providing empathy, understanding, and guidance that cannot be reproduced by a machine. By combining the power of AI with the skills and compassion of human educators, we can create a more inclusive and effective educational environment for all students.
8．How can adaptive systems help students with learning disabilities
A．By adjusting their learning methods. B．By analyzing their learning abilities.
C．By satisfying their curiosity in learning. D．By offering personalized learning assistance.
9．What does the underlined word “dyslexia” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．A mental illness affecting human intelligence.
B．A brain disease leading to lack of confidence in study.
C．A language-related skill applied in the learning process.
D．A learning disorder involving difficulty in reading and writing.
10．What is the value of AI-powered social robots
A．Engaging students in learning activities. B．Narrowing the social distance between people.
C．Assisting learners to overcome social isolation. D．Helping learners adopt effective reading strategies.
11．What does the author say about AI in the last paragraph
A．It can’t provide understanding like human educators.
B．It can’t create an inclusive learning environment.
C．It can meet a wide range of learning needs.
D．It can guarantee learners’ data security.
Passage 06
（广东省深圳实验学校高中部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each.
When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet.
Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year.
Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors.
“There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn.
Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says.
Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings.
34．What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin
A．To highlight waste collectors’ role. B．To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship.
C．To praise her devotion to her daughter. D．To show the seriousness of unemployment.
35．How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work
A．By contrasting. B．By citing reference.
C．By giving definitions. D．By cause-effect analysis.
36．What would Marin agree with
A．Business is business. B．No job is noble or humble.
C．The early bird catches worms. D．One good turn deserves another.
37．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．The Legal Battles Over Public Garbage Ownership
B．The History of Recycling Laws in the United States
C．The Rise of Corporate Recycling Programs in New York
D．The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers
Passage 07
（重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末）Each spring, scientists hide more than 1,600 lunchbox-size recorders across the lush forests of the Sierra Nevada range in the western U. S.
These devices record a million hours of audio, which often contains various sounds of the California spotted owl — valuable information about where the endangered species spends its time. But it's a lot of recordings for a human to examine.
“There’s no way we can listen to that — not even close, right ” says Connor Wood, a research associate who co-leads the project, part of the Cornell Lab, New York.
It turns out this team actually can process this enormous amount of data — they just need a little help from BirdNET, an AI-powered system launched in 2018 that can identify more than 6,000 species of birds across the globe just by their calls. The BirdNET app allows people across the world to upload their own recordings from a variety of devices, including laptops and smartphones. Since its launch, BirdNET has amassed roughly 150 million high-quality bird sounds.
Over the past decade, several apps have popped up (涌现) that take advantage of the power of artificial intelligence to identify different avian (鸟类的) sounds, which are used by scientists and birders alike.
However, these tools have their faults: They can sometimes misidentify species, for instance. But more research is showing that AI can identify bird behaviors and distribution, which is critical for conservation.
With funding from the U. S. Forest Service and National Park Service, Wood and his team recently used BirdNET to create the first ecosystem-wide assessment of spotted owl populations across the Sierra Nevada, which increasingly face threats from invasive species or wildfires. This information shows owl population trends that can boost restoration and conservation efforts, he says.
“Agencies are not just buying into this as a monitoring tool for telling them about populations, but to really specifically promote on-the-ground action, which is pretty exciting,” Wood says.
12．How can BirdNET assist researchers
A．It can classify the birds with accuracy. B．It can make various sounds of birds.
C．It can analyze the features of birds. D．It can help protect endangered birds.
13．What is an obvious advantage BirdNET has over human researchers
A．Creating new ideas. B．Making wise decisions.
C．Providing personalized advice. D．Processing data with efficiency.
14．What is Wood’s attitude towards BirdNET
A．Objective. B．Concerned. C．Supportive. D．Critical.
15．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．BirdNET: a Pioneer in Birds Conservation B．How AI is Helping Scientists Protect Birds
C．BirdNET: a New App to Identify Species D．How AI Can Help Analyze Bird Behaviors
Passage 08
（云南省昭通一中教研联盟2022-2023学年高一下学期期末）While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed cereal grains worldwide, a study covering more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has shown that choosing rice as a staple food may result in a lower risk of obesity.
Researchers from Xi’ an Jiaotong University collected data from participants aged 35 to 74 who are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions — Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai provinces, the Ningxia Hui autonomous region and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The participants responded to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary status and physical activity.
The researchers divided the participants into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake. The first group eats rice as their staple food, consuming it either daily or four to six times per week, while consuming wheat less than four to six times per week. The second group’s staple food is wheat, and the third group consumes both rice and wheat as their staple food, with similar frequency. The results show that rice preference may be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types in the population of Northwest China.
According to the researchers, wheat flour absorbs less water than rice when cooked, partly resulting in a higher energy density (密度) of wheat than rice. According to the sixth edition (2020) of the Chinese Food Composition Table, the energy content of noodles or steamed bread is twice or three times that of cooked rice of the same weight. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns often have more fresh vegetables, legumes, meat and fish servings. People with wheat preference in Northwest China tend to eat large bowls of noodles with fewer vegetables or less meat, and sometimes even with a large amount of oil. For instance, the gist of “hot oil noodles” in Shaanxi province is pouring a couple of spoons of hot oil over a bowl of chewy noodles seasoned with salt, raw garlic and chili flakes.
They also noted that given the large area and diverse ethnic groups living in Northwest China, further studies may be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and the potential underlying reasons for the observed connections.
32．What is the study mainly about
A．Eating habits. B．Food safety. C．Overweight persons. D．Weight control.
33．How did the researchers make their study findings
A．By studying participants’ living conditions. B．By making participants perform some tasks.
C．By measuring participants weight at different times.D．By interviewing participants about their information.
34．Why do wheat lovers have a higher risk of obesity according to the study
A．They tend to eat more food with more meat and oil.
B．Wheat flour absorbs more water than rice to create more energy.
C．The energy of cooked wheat is twice or three times that of cooked rice of the same weight.
D．They prefer to eat noodles seasoned with salt.
35．What will the researchers try to do next
A．Help some people lose weight. B．Explore new ways to lower risk of obesity.
C．Demand people to change their eating habits.D．Figure out further connections between diet and weight.
Passage 09
（新疆兵团地州学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）In the summer of 2022, several researchers with USDA Wildlife Services held their breath as a drone (无人机) pilot flew a large drone, equipped with a camera, toward a wolf standing in grassland in southwestern Oregon. The team members, watching from a distance, expected the wolf to stop or run away the minute the robot approached it. But to their disbelief, it did neither. Instead, the wolf wagged (摆动) its tail, reached out its front legs, lowered its head — a classic invitation to play and exactly the opposite of the response the researchers were hoping for.
The project, led by Paul Wolf, the Southwest Oregon District’s supervisor for Wildlife Services, was designed to find ways to use drones to scare wolves away from livestock (牲畜), not give the animals a new toy.
Later that night, the researchers tried again. This time they equipped the drone with a speaker that broadcast human voices. The wolf took off running. For the rest of the summer and fall, the field staff focused on using drones to discourage wolves from approaching cattle, in one case using a speaker-equipped drone for an ongoing attack. The three wolves fled, and the wounded deer survived. “We know for sure that we saved at least one animal doing this,” says Dustin Ranglack, the Predator Ecology and Behavior Project leader for Wildlife Services’ National Wildlife Research Center.
Ranglack and other researchers hope drones will help keep the peace between predators (捕食性动物) and livestock. “Early exploration is your best way before something bad occurs,” says Jared Beaver, an assistant professor and a wildlife-management specialist at Montana State University, “before livestock get killed or before a wildlife species gets in trouble and has to be killed as well.”
But drones still face difficulties in wide application. “We’re all strongly aware of the limitations of this tool,” Ranglack says. “Drones with speakers such as the ones tested by Wildlife Services can cost $ 20,000 or more.”
12．How did the wolf react to the drone at first
A．The wolf stood still. B．The wolf could treat the drone as a toy.
C．The wolf immediately ran away. D．The wolf could be frightened of the drone.
13．Why was the project carried out
A．To explore the dangers wolves faced.
B．To study the habits of wolves by using drones.
C．To keep wolves from hurting livestock by using drones.
D．To find out the ways to use drones in environmental protection.
14．What is Beaver’s attitude to the project
A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Puzzled.
15．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Wolves: a Possible Threat to Livestock
B．Drones: a Role to Play in Protecting Livestock
C．Technology: an Effective Way to Help Farmers
D．Dustin Ranglack: a Specialist in Grassland Research
Passage 10
（四川省宜宾市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Traditionally, filmmaking has been seen as a domain (领域) limited to professional teams led by experienced directors or wealthy individuals. However, with the help of AI- generated content (AIGC), ordinary people are now ab le to produce brilliant films and even receive awards at a film festival.
This year, the 14th Beijing International Film Festival (BJIFF) introduced the AIGC Short Film Unit for the first time. From January to April, the committee received 430 films from both domestic and international creators. Impressively,45 percent of the total submissions (提交) were from independent creators, with the youngest being just 11 years old, while professionals accounted for only 10.7 percent.
“AIGC is changing the film industry by allowing ordinary people to create films,” stated Wang Lei. Wang Zimin, a 29- year- old journalism major, won the Best Creative Award with his film Illegal Report. In his film, a special group decides whether beings are considered as AI or human to prevent chaos.
A significant challenge in AIGC filmmaking is shot continuity because many AIGC applications can only produce random video clips based on users’ order. As a result, characters often appear differently in following scenes. Wang Zimin explained his innovative solution: “To maintain continuity, I used unclear images to make the scenes smooth.” He added, “I dug into AI applications for just two months. AIGC tools are everywhere and user- friendly like Meitu.”
According to Song Donghuan, a scriptwriter and founder of StoryStorm, a leading AIGC workshop, “AIGC filmmaking is accessible to everyone, with no barriers related to wealth or technology. The essential requirement is a strong desire to express themselves.”
Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.”
8．What can we know about the AIGC Short Film Unit at the 14th BJIFF
A．Chinese creators contributed to half of the films.
B．Only 10.7 percent of the films were well- received.
C．Most of the entries were made by non- professionals.
D．Individuals age under 18 were disqualified to submit films.
9．What is one problem of using AIGC to make films according to the text
A．Unclear images at certain scenes. B．Lack of continuity between scenes.
C．The limited AIGC tools in filmmaking. D．High costs for independent filmmakers.
10．Which is closest in meaning to “transformative” in the last paragraph
A．Short- termed. B．Negative. C．Predictable. D．Ground- breaking.
11．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．The Rise of Independent Filmmakers.
B．Wang Zimin: A Rising Star in the Film Industry.
C．A Revolutionary Era in Filmmaking: The Role of AI.
D．The Development of Beijing International Film Festival.
Passage 11
（陕西省西安市临潼区华清中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”
But others disagree with this universal scientific mind. They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart. Discovering these abilities may be hard, Allen thinks, as many scientists will be reluctant to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity, fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic.
But for Allen, this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone’s behavior. “We are only just beginning to understand how the characteristics of organisms, including ourselves, aren’t the fixed products of either genes or of environment/culture, but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us,” he said.
“As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
7．Why does the author mention Max Planck in paragraph 3
A．To introduce a famous scientist. B．To stress the role of creativity in science.
C．To compare different views on science. D．To illustrate what is curiosity inscience.
8．What do Allen's words in the last two paragraphs suggest
A．Human behavior is changeable and unpredictable.
B．We are passively influenced by our genes and culture.
C．Our interaction with the environment makes us who we are.
D．Current technology has revealed a lot about human behavior.
9．What is Allen’s attitude to the current study on the human brain
A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Pessimistic.
10．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Who Are The Mystery-solvers B．Scientists Are Not Born But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist D．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
Passage 12
（辽宁省葫芦岛市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger.
However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study.
To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment.
8．What did the European scientists find
A．There is rubbish in the nests of many birds. B．Some people help birds build their nests.
C．There is almost no bird living in Antarctica. D．Birds can help pick up rubbish.
9．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Smelly. B．Beneficial. C．Poisonous. D．Splendid.
10．How can cigarette butts “help” birds
A．They can burn other harmful rubbish. B．They can make nests stronger.
C．They can keep birds warm. D．They can keep insects away.
11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment.
B．The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals.
C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests.
D．Human rubbish may bring more harm to birds.
Passage 13
（江西省部分学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Every time you charge your cell phone, you are benefiting from John Goodenough’s exceptional creativity. After being told that most scientists make their major discoveries long before they hit middle age Goodenough just set off to develop a battery technology that has made our modern life possible.
Lithium (锂) batteries had been invented before. But Goodenough’s invention was a new kind of lithium battery that can store enough energy to power all sorts of electronics and is light and small enough to make them portable (便携式的). And, even better, such a battery would charge and recharge in a matter of minutes — all without exploding.
Born in Jena, Germany in 1922, Goodenough grew up in the United States and majored in mathematics at Yale University and earned a Ph. D in physics from the University of Chicago. He began his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where his research laid the groundwork for development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer.
Goodenough was head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford in England when he made his lithium battery discovery. He joined the Texas University in 1986, and was still teaching and researching battery materials and engineering problems when he won the Nobel Prize in 2019.
Trained in mathematics and physics, Goodenough, who eventually becomes a groundbreaking chemist and materials engineer, does not easily fit any existing classification(分类). “I would like the physicists to think I am a physicist, but I’m afraid they think I am a chemist and materials engineer. On the other hand, the chemists and materials engineers think I am a physicist,” he once joked.
4．What can we learn about John Goodenough from the first paragraph
A．He is the first person to invent lithium batteries.
B．He made his major discovery at a relatively old age.
C．He got a lot of support and help from the project leaders.
D．He was considered an exceptionally successful young scientist.
5．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Goodenough’s research plan. B．A new kind of battery material.
C．Goodenough’s improvements. D．The advantages of lithium batteries.
6．Where did John Goodenough make his first lithium battery discovery
A．At the University of Oxford. B．At Yale University.
C．At the University of Chicago. D．At the Texas University.
7．What did John Goodenough mean in the last paragraph
A．Majors are very important. B．He was not welcome anywhere.
C．He was not a good physicist. D．It is not easy to classify his research.
Passage 14
（吉林省“BEST合作体”2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them.
Play is a key element of friendship with children. With babies and very young children, we play with them, engaging in back-and-forth activities. They often start the game, and we join in. They pull us into play, and we love it. In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions. But delight often hits a snag when our children learn how to say “no”. From this point onward — into adolescence — we focus on getting children to behave. We tend to be the parent, not the friend, often saying “because I said so”. Highlighting our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools. If we can leave time and space for child-driven play and activities — without adult demands or expectations — we can return to delight. These friendly interactions expand our relationship with our children. It’s not the same as peer friendship, but we are being friends.
Beyond play, the other foundational component of parent friendship is the child-directed conversation. Maintaining a friendly, non-judgmental standpoint in conversation with your kids can provide you with a world of trust and engagement. Being quiet and not saying anything are undervalued parenting tools. Instead, we can keep our ears open for informal chatter and then listen with intention and presence. And it’s usually best if we don’t offer ad vice unless asked for it. Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship.
In my experience as a child, a parent, and a child psychiatrist, I think we can be more than command-and-control. And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions.
28．What does the underlined word “snag” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Misjudgement. B．Demand. C．Challenge. D．Response.
29．What is a parent advised to do in a child-directed conversation
A．Be a deep listener. B．Start the topic of a talk.
C．Never make any comments. D．Avoid any informal chatter.
30．What is the author’s attitude towards developing companionship with children
A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Unclear. D．Negative.
31．What is the suitable title for the text
A．Parent-child Friendship Bonds B．Lifelong Parent-child Relationship
C．Fundamental Elements of Friendship D．Parenting Roles in Children’s Growth
Passage 15
（黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学青冈实中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Anabela Malpique, an expert in handwriting from Murdoch University, Australia, urged (敦促，极力主张) parents to help their children move away from using phones and other devices to pencils and paper. “Research tells us in the primary years that kids need to spend more time developing handwriting skills,“ she said, “especially in the first three years of schooling to develop their hand-eye co-ordination (协调能力).”
Handwriting is more important than typing on a keyboard for kids’ development in the first years of school. And parents need to support that under the guidance of the teachers. Therefore, NSW Primary Principals’ Association president Robyn Evans urged parents to improve their child’s fine coordinated skills before they enter a school through painting and cutting with scissors (剪刀). Now Australian schools require that in the NAPLAN test the third years must still write with a pen and paper in their final exams.
Ella Losi, a handwriting coach, said she helped school-age children improve their writing, but when she taught university students, whose writing in exams was unreadable, she felt unbearable and annoyed. “Speed is important and so is legibility, but they seem unable to do that, eventually causing their failure in exams and even in communication,” said Ella Losi.
A NSW Education Standards Authority spokeswoman said students learn handwriting from kindergarten to Year 2. And by Year 4 they are required to write fluently and consistently when composing sentences and texts. While digital technology, including keyboards, was used from kindergarten to Year 10, teachers make decisions about how digital technology is used in class.
Mum Jvala Nolan, whose five-year-old twins started kindergarten this week, said she forced them to do a page or two of handwriting at home regularly, instead of using tablets. She said, “I know there’s a lot of typing in school now, but handwriting has more structure and it teaches them co-ordination.”
8．How is the first paragraph developed
A．By stating facts. B．By conveying a lesson
C．By showing an example. D．By listing the research result.
9．Why is handwriting vital to preschool kids according to the text
A．It may help them get good marks in exams.
B．It can prepare them for further development.
C．It can equip them with fine coordinated skills.
D．It may enable them to speed their writing response.
10．What does the underlined word “legibility” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Good performance. B．Clear and readable writing.
C．Proper but unique printing. D．Smooth and effective communication.
11．Why is Jvala Nolan mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To state that using tablets to type should be banned.
B．To present how parents train their kids’ handwriting.
C．To offer the reason why handwriting is more important.
D．To show parents have attached importance to kids’ handwriting.
Passage 16
（河北省河北名校联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）After Miles Fetherston-Resch learned that sharks were in trouble, he was confused by how people treated the oceans and the creatures that lived in them. “I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I ”
With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). He would sell things like hats, T-shirts and water bottles made out of recycled materials for a good cause. Before he turned 18, he wanted to raise $1million for ocean conservation organizations. Miles, now 12, is in the business of saving oceans.
Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D．C． and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said.
Madeline Stoddard, Miles’ teacher, said other students in her classroom were inspired by Miles. “It shows that it doesn’t matter how young you are. Everyone can do something to create change,” Madeline said.
Miles lives in Florida now. He has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.”
24．Why was the Kids Saving Oceans established
A．To save animals. B．To make big money.
C．To protect the oceans. D．To influence the adults.
25．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．Olivia was too busy to help her dad. B．Miles and Olivia have the same goal.
C．The book is about recycled materials. D．Olivia failed to save the oceans at first.
26．Which of the following can best describe Miles
A．Confident and active. B．Friendly and graceful.
C．Inspiring and curious. D．Patient and successful.
27．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph
A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing risked, nothing gained.
Passage 17
（广东省广州市越秀区广中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest bridge in the world from 1937 when it was completed (完成) until the Verrazano Narrows Bridge was built in New York in 1964.Today,it is still the ninth longest bridge in the world.
For many years before the Golden Gate Bridge was built，the only way to get across San Francisco Bay was by ship.And by the early twentieth century the Bay was crowded because of them. In the 1920s, engineer and bridge-builder Joseph Strauss believed that a bridge should be built across the Golden Gate to solve the problem.
Many groups went against him，each for their own selfish reasons.Besides，the engineering challenge was also huge — the Golden Gate Bridge area often has winds of up to 60 miles per hour，and strong ocean currents (洋流) sweep below the surface.If all that weren’t enough，it was the middle of the Great Depression,and funds were hard to find.
Strauss didn't give up, and the Golden Gate Bridge history began when San Francisco officials approved＄35 million to build the Golden Gate Bridge.After the artistic design and red color were chosen, construction work began in 1933.The Golden Gate Bridge project was completed in 1937，an important date in San Francisco history.
Strauss was a pioneer in building safety.The Bay Bridge，which was being built at the same time cost 24 lives while the Golden Gate Bridge cost only 12，a great achievement in a period of time when one man was killed on most construction projects for every million spent.
8．What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge
A．It is of the same age as the Verrazano Narrows Bridge.
B．There are only 8 bridges worldwide longer than it now.
C．It remained the world’s longest bridge for 30 years.
D．It was the widest bridge worldwide when completed.
9．Why did Strauss want to build the Golden Gate Bridge？
A．To prove his artistic ability. B．To build the world's longest bridge.
C．To solve traffic jams at San Francisco Bay. D．To make crossing San Francisco Bay possible.
10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The necessity for building the bridge.
B．The hard time of the Great Depression.
C．The bad weather in the Golden Gate Bridge area.
D．The difficulties in building the Golden Gate Bridge.
11．Which of the following words can best describe Strauss？
A．Strong—minded (意志坚强的). B．Warm—hearted.
C．Honest. D．Patient.
Passage 18
（北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）For years, scientists have been trying to figure out whether “brain workouts” such as puzzles (字谜) and online cognitive games could strengthen our minds and slow the process of aging.
Now, a study has found that regularly attempting a crossword may help slow decline in some people with mild cognitive impairment (障碍), an early stage of faltering memory that can sometimes progress to dementia (痴呆症).
While the study didn't investigate whether crosswords benefit younger adults who are not dealing with cognitive decline, it suggests that keeping your mind active as you age may benefit your brain. And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment that they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory, language problems and decision-making that are the hallmark of the condition.
The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older.
The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. For 12 weeks, they were all asked to play one of two types of games, four times a week—spending either 30 minutes on Lumosity, a popular cognitive training platform, or 30 minutes attempting a digital crossword. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "booster" doses of game play six more times during the 78-week experiment.
By the end of the study, participants were given standard assessments used to measure cognitive decline, and friends and family reported on their day-to-day functioning. MRI scans also were used to measure brain volume changes.
Researchers found that in key measurements—cognitive decline scores, functional skills and brain volume changes—the regular crossword players fared better than the game players.
The finding surprised the scientists behind the study who had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed to boost cognitive function, would offer the most benefit.
“Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, ” said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. “So, if you have mild cognitive impairment, which is different from normal aging, then the recommendation would be to keep your brain active with crossword puzzles.”
People with higher degrees of cognitive impairment appeared to benefit the most from doing the crossword, which was designed to be a moderately difficult puzzle comparable to the Thursday game.
The study has limitations. Some of the participants may have just been more familiar with crosswords and that's why they responded better to the puzzles than to Lumosity's computer games. More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Doraiswamy said.
27．What does the underlined phrase "stave off" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Promote. B．Prevent. C．Experience. D．Cause.
28．Paragraph 4 is written to_________.
A．show a concerning condition B．compare different groups
C．present real-life examples D．prove an assumption
29．What can we learn from the passage
A．One's degree of cognitive impairment depends on how old he is.
B．Solving crossword puzzles is a recommendation to elderly people.
C．The efficiency of puzzles in preventing dementia has been proved.
D．Crosswords' effects are linked to how serious cognitive impairment is.
30．What makes the findings of the study far from conclusive
A．The lack of variables. B．The weaknesses of assessments.
C．The insufficiency of time span. D．The subjects' preference for games.
Passage 19
（陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）
Travel the World Virtually-Leave home without leaving home
Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced tourism with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the comfort of your living room.
You might argue that you don’t have a VR headset, but no matter. Two travel styles are available: monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to rotate (旋转) the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head movement, so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience.
Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more informed decisions about it. You’re able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination marketing organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can amaze their audience and arouse interest in specific destinations or accommodations.
VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By digitally documenting, archiving (把……归档) and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly inaccessible historical sites and cultural landmarks.
24．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of touring via virtual reality
A．reasonable expenses B．geographical limits
C．pre-trip decisions D．cultural awareness
25．Which one of the following is the characteristic of stereoscopic
A．You can explore the entire area on your phone.
B．You can actually be present at your destination.
C．You can explore each new scene by dragging across the screen.
D．The software in the headsets is necessary and helpful.
26．VR in tourism can benefit the following except ______
A．travel enthusiasts with a tight schedule B．disabled people with accessibility challenges
C．tourism-related businesses D．students eager to experience practical field trips
27．Where can you probably find the passage
A．a geography text book B．a tourist advertisement
C．a scientific website D．a health guide handbook
Passage 20
（山东省潍坊青州市一中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study.
Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. “It’s kind of wild,” says the behavioral ecologist. These animals live for decades, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, rolling around and swimming right beside and behind her like they're still babies”.
Weiss wanted to know whether these high-maintenance children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s ability to raise more children. He and colleagues studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物), social groups typically consisting of a couple dozen killer whale mothers and sons that traveled and hunted fish together. Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”, Weiss says.
In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says.
The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units.
His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition.
The team didn’t establish exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research across populations, and in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop relying on your mom as much.”
8．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies
A．It is independent of her son’s age. B．A mother of a son won’t have another baby.
C．A mother of daughters has the least chance. D．It changes with the social structure of the pod.
9．What can be inferred from the research
A．Male killer wales can’t grow fully.
B．Male killer wales are precious in their social structure.
C．Baby killer wales live with their grandmother.
D．Baby killer wales compete against their father for food.
10．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys
A．To increase the pod’s population. B．To compete with other pods.
C．To gain support from boys. D．To save food.
11．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups
A．It is extremely rare in nature. B．It shows that killer whales have feelings.
C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales. D．It slows male killer whales’ development.
考题猜想01阅读理解-记叙文培优专练20篇
一、题型解读
记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某种情感。主要具有以下特点：内容上，记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。命题上，主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。选材上，新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。形式上，顺叙、倒叙、插叙。语言上，一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。
二、体裁结构
1.记叙文的开头通常交代事件的背景，即事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物等内容。2.记叙文的展开（中间）通常以人物活动的时间顺序、空间位置变换、事件发生的顺序或人物的主次性格特征为行文线索。3.记叙文的结尾通常是依照事件的发生、发展和结局这样一个自然的顺序来结尾。
三、写作意图
1.讲述故事 ( tell / narrate / relate a story)
2.分享经验 (share an experience)
3.纪念人物 (remember a person)
4.阐明道理 (communicate an idea / convey a message)
四、解题策略
1.关注细节
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from … ”或是What does the author imply in… ”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你