选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
62.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽亳州期末)
As the planet gets hotter，the need for cool living environments is becoming more urgent.But air conditioning is a major ①contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.
Now，researchers from McGill University，UCLA and Princeton have found in a new study an inexpensive，sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants(制冷剂) in hot and dry climates，and a way to relieve dangerous heat waves during electricity blackouts.
The researchers set out to answer how to achieve a new benchmark(基准) in passive cooling inside naturally conditioned buildings in hot climates such as Southern California.As an attempt，they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe，even under direct sunlight，and how to combine them with temperature-driven ventilation(通风)．These cool radiator materials and coatings are often used to stop roofs overheating.Researchers have also used them to improve heat rejection from chillers.But there is untapped potential for integrating them into ②architectural design more fully，so they can not only reject indoor heat to outer space in a passive way，but also drive regular and healthy air changes.
“We found we could maintain air temperatures several degrees below the current surrounding temperature，and several degrees more below a reference ‘gold standard’ for passive cooling，” said Remy Fortin，lead author and PhD candidate at McGill University.“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.” This was a considerable challenge，considering air exchanges are a source of heating when the aim is to keep a room cooler than the outside.
The researchers hope the findings will be used to positively impact communities suffering from dangerous climate heating and heatwaves.“We hope that materials scientists，architects，and engineers will be interested in these results，and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for how to integrate breakthroughs in radiative cooling materials with simple but effective architectural solutions，” said Remy Fortin.
1．What might cause researchers to look for an alternative to air conditioning
A. The severe shortage of energy.
B．The greenhouse effect of air conditioning.
C．The increasing dangerous heatwaves.
D．The need for cool living environments.
2．Why did researchers examine the use of roof materials
A．To obtain ideas for their research.
B．To prevent roofs from overheating.
C．To find the best material for roofs.
D．To make roofs well ventilated.
3．What is Remy’s attitude towards the new findings
A．Uncaring. B．Disapproving.
C．Positive. D．Worried.
4．What is the best title for the text
A. An Effective Architectural Solution
B．A Major Contributor to Global Warming
C．A Sustainable Alternative to Air Conditioning
D．A More Complete Thinking for Cooling Materials
语境猜词 ①contributor(派)＝contribut(e)＋or ②architectural(合)＝architectur(e)＋al
B
(2024·湖南岳阳三模)
Rich variety exists in primates(灵长目动物)．Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains，gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra，lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar，and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide.Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a ①databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens(智人) to our closest evolutionary relatives，the primates.But researchers investigating diverse topics，from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins，have long faced a ②roadblock when pursuing this approach：While genomic data exists from millions of people，most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.So，in 2019，Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology，in Barcelona，Spain，and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at the company Illumina，determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible.
Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America，Africa，and Asia.Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons，gorillas，gibbons，and more，representing nearly half the known primate species.
The data revealed insights about human origins and health，as well as primate conservation，published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023.One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease，based on whether nonhuman primates can live with those variants.According to Marquès-Bonet，“We now have a really good list of the ③foundations of our species and a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate—including humans.”
5．What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. Primates vary mainly in habitats.
B．Scientists focus on the diversity of primates.
C．There are 233 species of primates in the world.
D．Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences.
6．Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes
A. To cure human’s various genetic diseases.
B．To help human adapt to the environment.
C．To investigate the process of human evolution.
D．To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution.
7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The reasons for building the databank.
B．The process of building the databank.
C．The impacts of building the databank.
D．The difficulties in building the databank.
8．What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank
A. It still needs to be improved.
B．It is of great value to future research.
C．It is of little help to present research.
D．It is unclear whether it’s beneficial to humans.
语境猜词 ①databank(合)＝data＋bank ②roadblock(合)＝road＋block ③foundation(派)＝found＋ation
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东青岛检测)
Feeling guilty about your daily afternoon nap Don’t.Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain. 1
Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits.Researchers looked at data from 2,974 adults in China.They discovered that those who napped for 30 to 90 minutes had better word ①recall and figure drawing abilities than those who didn’t nap or napped for longer than 90 minutes.However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems. 2 It in turn leads to needing longer naps during the day，which can cause mental issues，feeling dizzy after waking，and trouble sleeping at night.
Charlene Gamaldo，M.D.，medical director of the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center，emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping. 3 She advises that if you’re experiencing sleeplessness or taking longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep at night，it might be wise to limit your nap duration.This balance is crucial for maintaining overall sleep quality.
The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life. 4 For most of us，the ideal nap length can have a significant positive impact on brain health and overall well-being.
5 So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits.
A．It symbolizes a good memory.
B．Resting more during the day is ②restorative.
C．Therefore，it’s essential to get the right quantity.
D．But keep in mind that the length of your nap matters.
E．One reason is that they suggest poor quality in nighttime sleep.
F．A ③well-timed nap helps maintain thinking skills and good health.
G．While napping is beneficial，it should not disturb nighttime sleep.
1．A B C D E F G
2．A B C D E F G
3．A B C D E F G
4．A B C D E F G
5．A B C D E F G
语境猜词 ①recall(熟义：v.回忆) 生义(文义)： ②restorative(派)＝restor(e)＋ative ③well-timed(合)＝well＋timed
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·河北邯郸三模)
Dr.Francis Collins is one of America’s leading scientists.In an interview，Dr.Collins was asked if there was any special spark or any moment in particular that 1 him to pursue a life of science.Dr.Collins 2 that in fact there was.He said that when he was in high school，on the first day of his first science course，the teacher ①handed each student a box 3 .The boxes were sealed on the outside and hollow on the inside.But each box 4 something.And as young Collins ②turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could 5 something rolling around inside.
What was it The teacher told the students that their 6 was to determine what was inside the box.They could 7 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.But they couldn’t 8 the box.They had to first find ways to 9 what was in the box.
“That’s what 10 is，” the teacher carefully 11 ，“being curious，and thinking of questions to ask，until you find out the answer.” Dr.Collins was 12 .He said that that day in class completely 13 his life.From then on，he was 14 to spending a life in science，where his job was to be 15 and ask lots of questions.
1．A.forced B．inspired
C．ordered D．requested
2．A.doubted B．recognized
C．imagined D．replied
3．A.carefully B．hurriedly
C．secretly D．impatiently
4．A.represented B．meant
C．contained D．told
5．A.see B．hear
C．fancy D．monitor
6．A.campaign B．desire
C．ambition D．assignment
7．A.avoid B．design
C．pass D．mark
8．A.open B．roll
C．throw D．hit
9．A.pick up B．draw on
C．figure out D．stick to
10．A.experiment B．science
C．education D．study
11．A.answered B．apologized
C．argued D．explained
12．A.attracted B．confused
C．frightened D．disappointed
13．A.controlled B．improved
C．saved D．changed
14．A.opposed B．exposed
C．committed D．used
15．A.curious B．smart
C．generous D．optimistic
语境猜词 ①hand(转)n.→v. ②turn sth on its side
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma.1._________ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water，ecology and human activity，aiming 2.___________(reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ①ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
3． (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia，the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China.It is also a natural laboratory for 4. (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life，and the relationship between man and Earth.5. an important part of the research，the ongoing expedition is 6. (particular) important to the study of the impact of ②climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world.
The expedition focuses on major scientific 7. (issue)，such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming，according to Yao Tandong,8. is the team leader.“The expedition has realized the 9. (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’，achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said.So far，many scientific achievements 10. (make)．
语境猜词 ①ecological(派)＝ecolog(y)＋i＋cal ②climatic(派)＝climat(e)＋ic
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.促成因素 ②adj.建筑学的；建筑上的
B．①n.数据库 ②n.路障；障碍 ③n.基础
Ⅱ.①n.记忆力 ②adj.促使恢复健康(或体力、精神)的 ③adj.适时的
Ⅲ.①递 ②把某物翻转过来
Ⅳ.①adj.生态的，生态学的 ②adj.气候的，与气候有关的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员发现一种廉价且绿色的制冷方案。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But air conditioning is a major contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.”可知，空调的温室效应可能促使研究人员寻找空调的替代品，故选B。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers set out to answer how to achieve...As an attempt，they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe...”可知，研究人员研究能辐射热量的屋顶材料的使用是想尝试解答如何在炎热气候下的自然条件建筑内实现被动冷却的新基准，即为他们的研究获取想法，故选A。]
3．C [观点态度题。根据第四段中“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.”和最后一段中“We hope that materials scientists...be interested in these results，and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for...”可知，雷米对研究结果感到自豪，并希望更多学者对此感兴趣并进行进一步研究，由此可推知他对新发现的态度是积极的，故选C。]
4．C [标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段“Now，researchers from...found in a new study an inexpensive，sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants...”可知，本文主要介绍科研人员发现一种比空调更加节能环保的制冷方案。C项“空调的可持续替代品”适合作标题，故选C。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们建立灵长目动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。
5．D [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.”可知，有了灵长目动物的基因组数据库科学家才能研究DNA差异，所以灵长目动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。故选D。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“To understand the good and bad of human evolution...scientists must compare the genomes of...most of the 500 plus primate species never had their genomes read.”可知，科学家们建立基因组数据库是因为要通过与灵长目动物的对比来了解人类进化的利弊。故选D。]
7．B [段落大意题。根据第三段“Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples...Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank...”可知，这段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。故选B。]
8．B [观点态度题。根据最后一段中Marquès Bonet说的话“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species and a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate—including humans.”可推知他认为该数据库提供了关于灵长目动物的全面信息，对今后的研究具有重要的价值。故选B。]
Ⅱ.
1．D [根据上文“Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain.”和下文“Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits.”可知，上文提到午饭后小睡有好处，下文提到小睡的时长有要求，D项和上文形成转折关系，并且强调睡眠时长很重要，符合语境。故选D。]
2．E [根据上文“However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems.”可知，过长的小睡可能会带来问题，E项承接并解释上文，指出这种现象的一个原因是过长小睡意味着夜间睡眠质量不佳，符合语境，并与下文构成“夜间睡不好——白天需要睡更久”的恶性循环。故选E。]
3．G [根据上文“Charlene Gamaldo...emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping.”可知，考虑个人睡眠需求和周期是重要的，G项指出不应让小睡扰乱夜间睡眠，符合语境，并能引出下文Charlene对于午后小睡和夜间睡眠之间平衡的建议。故选G。]
4．C [根据上文“The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life.”可知，正确的睡眠时长很重要。C项符合语境，与上文形成因果关系，right quantity与上文“too much and too little”相呼应。故选C。]
5．F [根据下文“So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits.”可知，本段主要建议适时小睡以获得最大的好处，作为全文的总结。F项符合语境，与下文形成因果关系。故选F。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了柯林斯博士上高中时的一堂科学课，它彻底改变了他的人生轨迹，从那时起他就致力于科学研究。
1．B [force迫使；inspire鼓舞；order命令；request要求。根据上文“any special spark or”以及下文“him to pursue a life of science”并结合最后一段内容可知，柯林斯博士被问及是否有任何特别的火花或任何特别的时刻激励他追求科学。故选B。]
2．D [doubt怀疑；recognize认出；imagine想象；reply回复，回答。根据上文“In an interview，Dr.Collins was asked if”可知，柯林斯博士对该问题回答说，事实上是有的。故选D。]
3．C [carefully认真地；hurriedly匆匆地；secretly秘密地，神秘地；impatiently不耐烦地。根据下文“The teacher told the students that their ________ was to determine what was inside the box.”可知，老师让学生自己去查明盒子里有什么，可推知是神秘地递给每个学生一个盒子。故选C。]
4．C [represent代表；mean 意味着；contain包含；tell告诉。根据下文“And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could ________ something rolling around inside.”可知，每个盒子里都装着东西。故选C。]
5．B [see看；hear听；fancy想象；monitor监测。根据上文“The boxes were sealed”可知，盒子被密封了，所以只能听到里面有东西在滚动。故选B。]
6．D [campaign战役；desire愿望；ambition抱负；assignment任务。根据下文“to determine what was inside the box”可知，老师告诉学生他们的任务是确定盒子里是什么。故选D。]
7．B [avoid避免；design设计，构思；pass通过；mark标记。要弄清楚盒子里面到底是什么，他们可以设计任何一种测试。故选B。]
8．A [open打开；roll滚动；throw扔；hit打击。根据But可知，他们可以用测试或提问的方式，但不能直接打开盒子。故选A。]
9．C [pick up拾起；draw on利用；figure out弄清楚；stick to坚持。根据上文“They could ________ any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.”可知，他们必须先想办法弄清楚盒子里是什么。故选C。]
10．B [experiment实验；science科学；education教育；study学习。根据上文“his first science course”可知，老师在解释科学。故选B。]
11．D [answer回答；apologize道歉；argue争论；explain解释。由上文“That’s what ________ is”和下文“being curious...the answer”可知，此处指老师认真解释道。故选D。]
12．A [attract吸引；confuse使困惑；frighten使惊吓；disappoint使失望。根据下文“From then on，he was ________ to spending a life in science”可知，柯林斯博士之后一直从事科学，所以是被吸引住了。故选A。]
13．D [control控制；improve提高；save挽救；change改变。根据下文“From then on，he was ________ to spending a life in science”可知，那一天彻底改变了他的生活。故选D。]
14．C [oppose反对；expose暴露；commit犯(错误或罪行)；use使用。be committed to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事。根据下文“spending a life in science”可知，从那时起，他就致力于科学研究。故选C。]
15．A [curious好奇的；smart聪明的；generous慷慨的；optimistic乐观的。根据上文“being curious”可知，他的工作就是保持好奇。故选A。]
Ⅳ.1.A 2.to reveal 3.Labeled/Labelled 4.conducting
5．As 6.particularly 7.issues 8.who 9.transformation 10.have been made选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Like so many other ABCs (American-born Chinese) and younger first- and second-generation Chinese immigrants(移民)，sisters Sarah and Kaitlin Leung reached a point in their adult lives when they started to ①long for the Chinese food they’d grown up on，but found it really difficult to learn how to prepare it.There was such a “representation gap”，as Sarah ②puts it，in terms of what kinds of cuisines were ③noticeably featured in those early days of TV celebrity chefs and the emerging food blogosphere(博客圈)．
As it turns out，though，the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it.Bill，the father，had spent years cooking beef at his family’s Chinese American takeout restaurant.Judy，the mom，was born and raised in Shanghai and had deep knowledge about traditional Shanghainese cooking.Meanwhile，the two sisters had grown up in the New Jersey suburbs，eating their parents’ food，but also growing in America’s own ④food-obsessed culture.
So，in 2013，the Leungs started The Woks of Life.What distinguished the blog from others was that the intergenerational transfer of knowledge that the Leungs were so eager for was baked right into the concept—The four family members took turns posting recipes，each sharing their own favorites，tapping into their own areas of expert knowledge.
Kaitlin is proud that The Woks of Life follows a long line of pioneers—folks like Joyce Chen，Martin Yan and Ming Tsai，who first started to bring Chinese home cooking into the mainstream in the US.“We feel proud that we have made a meaningful mark over the past decade，casting light that there’s a huge demand for these recipes，” she says.“It’s about representation，yes，but there’s also a huge demand.Asian Americans look to reconnect with the food of their heritage.”
Five years ago，you wouldn’t have been able to find a ton of Chinese recipes in the New York Times food section，Kaitlin notes.Now you can.
1．What do the underlined words “representation gap” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．The shortage of Chinese chefs.
B．The lack of Chinese food recipes.
C．The gap between young and old ABCs.
D．The difference between chefs and bloggers.
2．What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A. To prove how unique the Leung sisters are.
B．To show why the Leungs prefer Chinese food.
C．To point out the Leungs’ advantage to start a food blog.
D．To stress the Leung sisters’ love for home cooking food.
3．What makes The Woks of Life special
A．The concept of baking food.
B．The large number of followers.
C．The bloggers’ way of posting recipes.
D．The intergenerational transfer of knowledge.
4．What is the significance of The Woks of Life
A. It strengthens bonds between individuals.
B．It marks the popularity of Chinese cuisine.
C．It has developed many new Chinese recipes.
D．It links Asian Americans with their food tradition.
语境猜词 ①long for ②put(熟义：v.放；安置) 生义(文义)： ③noticeably(派)＝notice＋abl(e)＋y ④food-obsessed(合)＝food＋obsess＋ed
B
(2025·山东菏泽期末)
Science is always seen as hard-core and hard to understand.But could you imagine hundreds of people being attracted by the cover of a science magazine
The achievement was completed after Wang Yixi and his team made the cover of an October issue of Structure，a US-based Cell Press journal.The cover shows a Chinese ink painting that vividly shows the process in which a special enzyme(酶) involved in the biosynthesis(生物合成) of an important organic compound is ①activated—the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team.Another one of his popular works that ②carries distinctive Chinese elements is a composite image，describing a scientist as the folk goddess Nyuwa，carrying her newly discovered compound to fill a crack in the sky.
While studying chemistry at university，Wang Yixi often came across an experimental preparation process that he had to explain，but the amount of text was too large and abstract.As he had been interested in drawing and related software like Photoshop，he decided to turn his graphics into a fine art.He went on to study 3D graphics software in order to better display the microscopic structures in his field and improve the presentation of his papers.
It didn’t take long before his classmates and professors noticed his talents and asked him to help them with their papers.By word of mouth，more people beat a path to Wang’s door and were willing to pay for his service.Over the past four years，Wang and his team have come up with more than 10,000 visual works for academic papers across a variety of fields，many of which have made their way to the world’s top academic journals，including Nature，Science and Cell.
“Every scientific paper is innovative，and graphics are an essential part of scientific papers，” Wang says，adding that what he tries to achieve is an explanation of models or methods，to showcase experimental results，visually ③process data or compare differences among experiments.
5．What play a special role in Wang’s works
A．Fairy tales.
B．Chinese elements.
C．Rich colors.
D．Complex structures.
6．What can we learn about Wang Yixi from paragraph 3
A．He preferred painting to chemistry.
B．He developed useful mapping software.
C．He had an active mind to solve problem.
D．He had trouble conducting his experiment.
7．How does Wang make abstract papers easily understood
A．By visualizing them vividly.
B．By showing them accurately.
C．By explaining them in detail.
D．By constructing them uniquely.
8．Which is the best title for the text
A．The Power of Art B．Dilemmas of Science
C．Mysteries of Chemistry D．Inspiration from Science
语境猜词 ①activate(派)＝activ(e)＋ate ②carry(熟义：v.搬；扛；携带) 生义(文义)： ③process(转)n.→v.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
French ①parenting isn’t perfect，but there’s a lot we can learn from this kind but no-nonsense style of parenting.
French children are allowed to handle difficult things themselves. 1 The early years are when they discover all the cool ways their new body works and how to use it.To encourage this autonomy，French parents treat children more like adults-in-training than helpless babies.They believe kids feel confident when they’re able to deal with things on their own.
Fearful of hurting feelings，American parents tend to praise every child for everything. 2 However，all that praise eventually turns out to be ②pointless.By contrast，French adults give children appropriate praise，thus allowing them to feel a true sense of achievement and take pride in what they learn.
Painful experiences are the best learning opportunities and sheltering children from this fact of life will merely delay their emotional development.French doctors never say “sorry” when giving kids shots.The French believe ③undergoing hurts is part of life and that there’s no reason to apologize for that. 3
Plus，the expectation of eye contact and a polite hello starts from the minute French children can say hello.They know saying “hello” and good manners are non-negotiable.Teaching them about that will benefit them for a lifetime. 4 Be patient with little ones as they learn.
All the above feels easier said than done，especially as a tired parent facing an intolerable child. 5 Your efforts will end up with children’s better behavior overall.
A．They mean what they say.
B．This isn’t to say it’ll come easily.
C．It might save tears in the short term.
D．They wish children to suffer sometimes.
E．Bearing a few blow-ups is worthwhile，though.
F．Parents have to spare them such psychological discomfort.
G．“Me do it！” is little kids’ favorite phrase and for good reason.
1．A B C D E F G
2．A B C D E F G
3．A B C D E F G
4．A B C D E F G
5．A B C D E F G
语境猜词 ①parenting(派)＝parent＋ing ②pointless(派)＝point＋less ③undergo(派)＝under＋go
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·广东联考)
On March 18,2018，I was alone at home in San José，Costa Rica，drinking a cup of tea，unaware that my life was about to change.I 1 an e-mail with the subject “scholarship selection result”．
My heartbeat 2 as I read through it.I had been chosen to receive a full scholarship for a master’s degree in 3 at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music.Finally，I would be able to 4 the ancient tales of dragons and the old legends(传说) of China，which had always 5 me.
Five months later，I arrived in Shanghai， 6 an entirely new world.At the airport，two of my Costa Rican friends were waiting for me and 7 me to the dormitory.
I remember 8 when I approached the dorm building，I was drawn by the sweet melody(旋律) of a dizi (Chinese flute)，which was totally 9 from all that I used to hear in my country.
In Costa Rica，I learned the ①conducting 10 well.However，it was my Chinese professor，Cao Tongyi，who ②guided me in 11 my skills.Studying in China and immersing(使浸入) myself in its music has been a wonderful 12 ，introducing me to diverse sounds produced by Chinese musical 13 .
My mission is to 14 this amazing musical experience worldwide.I hope to spread the 15 of music far and wide.
1．A.wrote B．received
C．noticed D．sent
2．A.ceased B．continued
C．quickened D．③steadied
3．A.conducting B．composing
C．singing D．dancing
4．A.create B．adapt
C．tell D．explore
5．A.surprised B．confused
C．attracted D．disappointed
6．A.passing through B．stepping into
C．setting up D．carrying on
7．A.limited B．invited
C．accompanied D．adjusted
8．A.clearly B．easily
C．gradually D．finally
9．A.available B．free
C．absent D．different
10．A.concept B．technique
C．material D．history
11．A.improving B．changing
C．evaluating D．describing
12．A.course B．tale
C．legend D．journey
13．A.styles B．works
C．instruments D．talents
14．A.share B．devote
C．gain D．provide
15．A.taste B．joy
C．subject D．form
语境猜词 ①conduct(熟义：v.进行；组织；实施) 生义(文义)： ②guide(熟义：n.导游；指南) 生义(文义)： ③steady(转)adj.→v.
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
In the center of Reykjavik，Iceland，stands a museum 1.____________(create) by Lillian Hopps，which ①symbolizes the friendship between Icelandic and Chinese people.A passionate admirer of Chinese heritage，Lillian began her journey to learn about China in the 1990s，a time 2._____________ she deeply engaged herself in exploring China’s rich culture.Her passion transformed her home into a place filled with Chinese artifacts，which 3. (eventual) led to the ②establishment of a museum in Reykjavik.
The museum 4. (house) an ③extensive collection of cultural relics，from ancient clothing 5. contemporary art，displaying thousands of years of Chinese civilization.Lillian’s work goes beyond just 6. (exhibit) these items；she brings the culture alive through highly 7. (interact) activities like tea performances，calligraphy classes，and traditional medicine talks，promoting the Icelandic understanding of China’s rich traditions.
Lillian’s museum，attracting thousands of visitors annually from around the world,8.___________(recognize) by the Icelandic government in 2021 for its impact.As Marta Jonsdottir，a director at Iceland’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs，put it in an interview，“Lillian，with her enthusiasm and expertise，has developed diverse cultural 9.___________________(link) between Iceland and China.Her museum has not just enabled both peoples to better understand each other 10. strengthened our relations.”
语境猜词 ①symbolize(派)＝symbol＋ize ②establishment(派)＝establish＋ment ③extensive(派)＝exten(d)＋sive
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①渴望 ②v.说；表达 ③adv.显著地；明显地 ④adj.痴迷于食物的
B．①v.激活；使活化 ②v.具有(某种特点) ③处理
Ⅱ.①n.抚养；养育 ②adj.无意义的；不值得做的 ③v.经历；承受
Ⅲ.①v.指挥 ②v.指导 ③使平稳；使稳定
Ⅳ.①v.象征 ②n.建立 ③adj.大量的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一家美国华人创建了The Woks of Life博客来展示中国菜谱。
1．B [词义猜测题。根据第一段首句可知，很多美籍华人想吃小时候的中式饭菜时不知道如何做，结合画线词组前的such可推知，画线词组是指上文提到的不知道如何做中餐，即没有中餐食谱。故选B。]
2．C [写作意图题。根据第二段中的“As it turns out，though，the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it.”以及本段下文对这家人与中餐有关的经历的叙述可推知，本段的目的是指出为什么梁家有条件创建博客来介绍中餐。故选C。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What distinguished the blog from others was that the intergenerational transfer of knowledge that...”可知，他们的博客与其他博客的不同之处在于烹饪知识的代际传承，他们全家轮流分享食谱。故选D。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It’s about representation，yes，but there’s also a huge demand.Asian Americans look to reconnect with the food of their heritage.”可知，这个博客让亚裔美国人和他们的饮食传统重新建立起联系。故选D。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了王义西及其团队利用美术生动地展现科学研究的发现。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“The cover shows a Chinese ink painting that...Another one of his popular works that carries distinctive Chinese elements is a composite image，describing a scientist as the folk goddess Nyuwa”可知，王的两幅知名作品分别将中国水墨画和女娲补天传说与科学相结合，即中国元素在他的作品中扮演了特殊的角色。故选B。]
6．C [推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在大学学习化学时，王义西经常要解释实验的准备过程，但文字量太大，太抽象，后来他决定将科研图像与美术结合起来，以便更好地展示他所在领域的微观结构，并改善他的论文的呈现形式，这说明王有解决问题的积极思维。故选C。]
7．A [细节理解题。根据第三段末句以及最后一段中“adding that what he tries to achieve is an explanation of models or methods，to showcase experimental results，visually process data or compare differences among experiments”可知，王通过生动地使研究数据、模型等信息可视化来使抽象论文易于理解。故选A。]
8．D [标题归纳题。文章主要说明了王义西及其团队利用美术生动地展现科学研究的结果，使抽象的科学论文易于理解。由此可知，D选项“来自科学的灵感”是本文的最佳标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了法国的育儿方式。
1．G [由上文“French children are allowed to handle difficult things themselves.”可知，法国孩子们被允许自己处理困难的事情，结合下文提到幼年期的孩子们探索自己的身体如何工作和如何使用可知，G选项“‘Me do it！’ is little kids’ favorite phrase and for good reason.”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。]
2．C [由上文“Fearful of hurting feelings，American parents tend to praise every child for everything.”和下文“However，all that praise eventually turns out to be pointless.”可知，本空要表明这种无条件的表扬在短期内的正面效果，C选项“It might save tears in the short term.”能承接上文，并与下文形成转折，符合题意。故选C。]
3．D [由上文“Painful experiences are...their emotional development...”可知，痛苦的经历是最好的学习机会，法国人认为经历伤害是生活的一部分，所以D选项“他们希望孩子们有时受苦”能承接上文，符合题意，D项中They指代上文的The French。故选D。]
4．B [由上文“Plus，the expectation of eye contact and a polite hello...will benefit them for a lifetime.”和下文“Be patient with little ones as they learn.”可知，教会他们礼貌并不容易，所以要有耐心，B选项“This isn’t to say it’ll come easily.”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。]
5．E [上文提到当疲惫的父母面对令人难以忍受的孩子时，他们很难遵循以上原则，由下文“Your efforts will end up with children’s better behavior overall.”可知，你的努力最终可以让孩子有更好的行为举止，E选项“但是，忍住一些怒气是值得的”承接上文的情境并形成转折，且能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者被选中获得上海音乐学院的全额奖学金，前往中国学习音乐，提高了自己的音乐指挥技巧，想要把这段美妙的音乐经历分享给全世界。
1．B [write写；receive收到；notice注意到；send发送。下文“as I read through it”提到作者读邮件，可知此处指收到一封邮件，故选B。]
2．C [cease停止；continue继续；quicken(使)加快，加速；steady(使)平稳。根据下文“I had been chosen to receive a full scholarship for a master’s degree in at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music.”可知，作者被选中获得上海音乐学院的全额奖学金，此处应指作者心情激动，心跳加快。故选C。]
3．A [conduct指挥；compose作曲；sing唱歌；dance舞蹈。根据下文“In Costa Rica，I learned the conducting well.”可知，作者的专业是指挥，故选A。]
4．D [create创造；adapt适应；tell告诉，讲述；explore探索。上文提到作者获得了上海音乐学院的全额奖学金，所以可以到中国探索龙的古代故事和中国的古老传说，故选D。]
5．C [surprise使惊奇，使诧异；confuse使迷惑；attract吸引；disappoint使失望。which指代上文“the ancient tales of dragons and the old legends(传说) of China”，此处应指作者一直被这些传说所吸引。故选C。]
6．B [pass through穿过，经历；step into走进；set up竖立，建造；carry on继续做。结合上文“I arrived in Shanghai”可知，作者来到了上海，踏入一个全新的世界，故选B。]
7．C [limit限制；invite邀请；accompany陪伴；adjust调整。结合上文“two of my Costa Rican friends were waiting for me”可知，朋友在机场接作者，应是陪伴作者去宿舍，故选C。]
8．A [clearly清楚地；easily容易地；gradually逐渐地；finally最后。结合下文“when I approached the dorm building，I was drawn by the sweet melody(旋律) of a dizi (Chinese flute)”描述的细节可知，作者对当时的场景记忆犹新。故选A。]
9．D [available可获得的；free自由的，免费的；absent缺席的；different不同的。结合空前“I was drawn by the sweet melody(旋律) of a dizi (Chinese flute)”以及空后“from all that I used to hear in my country”可推知，作者被吸引是因为中国笛子的旋律和作者在家乡听到的完全不同。故选D。]
10．B [concept概念；technique技巧，技术；material材料，原料；history历史。此处和下文中的“skills”同义，指作者是在哥斯达黎加学会了指挥技巧，故选B。]
11．A [improve提高；change改变；evaluate评价；describe描述。根据上文“my Chinese professor”以及“guided me”可知，应是教授指导作者提高技能，故选A。]
12．D [course课程；tale故事；legend传奇；journey旅程。根据上文“Studying in China and immersing(使浸入) myself in its music”可知，此处指在中国学习并体验中国音乐是一段美妙的旅程，故选D。]
13．C [style风格，样式；work作品；instrument仪器，器具；talent才能，天赋。根据上文“diverse sounds produced by”可知，此处指中国乐器发出的各种声音，故选C。]
14．A [share分享；devote奉献；gain获得；provide提供。结合下文中的“worldwide”和“spread”可知，此处指将这种美妙的音乐体验分享给全世界，故选A。]
15．B [taste味道；joy快乐；subject主题，科目；form表格，形式。根据上文“Studying in China and immersing(使浸入) myself in its music has been a wonderful ”以及“this amazing musical experience”可知，作者在中国学习音乐是一段美妙的经历，故此处指把音乐的快乐传播到世界各地，故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.created 2.when 3.eventually 4.houses 5.to 6.exhibiting 7.interactive 8.was recognized 9.links 10.but选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Food and Culture
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Several times a month，you can find Doctor Daniel Nadeau in the Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach，California，wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food.He is sent by “Shop with Your Doc” program.This time，he notices the pre-made macaroni(通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in a mother’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to wholegrain macaroni and real cheese.
Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes(糖尿病) rates among children.“In America，over 50 percent of our food is processed food，” Nadeau tells her.“And only 5 percent of our food is ①plant-based food.I think we should try to reverse that.” This mother agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese.Score one point for the doctor，zero for diabetes.
Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases，but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution，or that every illness can benefit substantially from ②dietary changes.Nevertheless，physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges：that the salt，sugar，fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity，diabetes and heart disease.
By prescribing(开处方) nutritional changes or launching programs such as “Shop with Your Doc”，they are trying to prevent，limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat.The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition，along with intensive training in how to cook it.They believe teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them can actually transform a patient’s life.And beyond that，it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family.
1．Why does Doctor Nadeau advise buying wholegrain macaroni and real cheese
A．They’re easy to make. B．They’re healthier.
C．They’re delicious to eat. D．They’re processed food.
2．What does the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Try out. B．Pick up.
C．Take in. D．Turn around.
3．What is the author’s attitude toward the power of food
A．Neutral. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．A good cure for diabetes.
B．A new attempt on cooking.
C．A food-as-medicine program.
D．A simple tip on doing shopping.
语境猜词 ①plant-based(合)＝plant＋based ②dietary(派)＝diet＋ary
B
Sensory-based food education given to 3- to 5-year-old children in the kindergarten increases their ①willingness to choose vegetables and fruit，according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland.
The researchers used the sensory-based food education method Sapere，which makes use of children’s natural way of relying on all of the five senses when learning new things.In the Sapere method，children are given an active role around food，and they are encouraged to share their sensory experiences.For example，kindergartens can introduce different vegetables and fruit to children in hands-on sessions，they can involve children in baking and cooking，and they can offer children opportunities for growing their own vegetables in the kindergarten ②backyard.Food-related themes can also be included in books and games.
“There are several different ways to do this.However，it always starts from sensory-based learning and child engagement.Doing and experiencing things together is also an important aspect，” says Kaisa K hk nen，a researcher and nutritionist from the University of Eastern Finland.
The researchers compared children in different kindergarten groups.Some were offered sensory-based food education，while others weren’t.Children were offered a snack buffet containing different vegetables and fruit to choose from，and the researchers took photos of their plates to analyse their willingness to choose and eat these food items.
The findings show that sensory-based food education increased children’s willingness to choose vegetables and fruit，especially among children whose mothers have a lower educational background.On average，children of lower educated parents tend to eat less vegetables and fruit.This is how food education given in the kindergarten can help even out dietary gap between families.
“Another interesting finding is that the Sapere food education method also seems to improve the eating atmosphere in kindergarten groups.This encouraged children who were ③picky eaters to choose a more diverse selection on their plate，” K hk nen explains.
Positive and personal food-related experiences gained in the kindergarten can help adjust dietary preferences in a direction that is beneficial to health.Dietary preferences learned in early childhood often stick with a person all the way to adolescence and adulthood.
5．What can we know about the Sapere method
A. It improves kids’ five senses.
B．It enables kids to read more books.
C．It supplies various healthy food to kids.
D．It involves kids in active food-related activities.
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The research purpose. B．The research process.
C．The research findings. D．The research evaluation.
7．What does the underlined part “even out” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Narrow. B．Identify. C．Analyze. D．Examine.
8．What might be the best title for the text
A. Benefits of Eating Fruit and Vegetables
B．Differences in Family Dietary Preferences
C．Necessity for Kids to Form Learning Habits
D．New Method to Promote Kids’ Healthy Eating
语境猜词 ①willingness(派)＝willing＋ness ②backyard(合)＝back＋yard ③picky(派)＝pick＋y
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Food labels seem to provide all the information a ①thoughtful consumer needs，so counting calories should be simple. 1 They say how many calories a food contains，and yet what they don’t say is that how many calories you actually get out of your food depends on how highly processed it is.
Food-processing includes cooking，mixing and mashing(捣烂)． 2 It can also be completed in your home when you prepare a meal.Highly processed foods are more ②digestible，whose effects can be big.If you eat the food raw you will tend to lose weight.If you eat the same food cooked，you will tend to gain weight. 3
As a result，when we are losing weight，we should reject processed food.And to do so would be much easier if our food labels gave us some advice about how many calories we would save by eating less-processed food. 4 The problem lies in a shortage of information.They find it hard to predict precisely how many extra calories will be gained when our food is more highly processed.
5 The first gives a precise number of calories but takes no account of the known effects of food-processing，and therefore ③mismeasures what our bodies are actually harvesting from the food.The second would take account of food-processing，but without any precise numbers.Faced by this difficult choice，every country has opted to ignore the effect of processing and the result is that consumers are confused.
A．Same calories，different outcomes.
B．Processed foods should be given more restrictions.
C．It can be done by the food industry before you buy.
D．Food labels fail to offer a specific number of calories.
E．So why do our nutrition advisers keep silent on the topic
F．But things get tricky because food labels tell only half the story.
G．Our food labeling therefore faces a choice between two systems.
1．A B C D E F G
2．A B C D E F G
3．A B C D E F G
4．A B C D E F G
5．A B C D E F G
语境猜词 ①thoughtful(派)＝thought＋ful ②digestible(派)＝digest＋ible ③mismeasure(派)＝mis＋measure
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽合肥期末)
With hundreds of tons of ①unsold vegetables and fruit sent to landfills at the end of each market day，the Central de Abastos has become the largest source of food waste in Mexico City.When De Paz Fuentes noticed the 1 ，she ②partnered with the market to turn the wasted food into 2 for the hungry.Since 2020，her program，the Itacate，has 3 the market’s daily food waste by 24% and 4 almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city.
“Efforts like this are 5 ，” says Gutiérrez，who is one of the businessmen taking part in the program.“Now，if I have too many vegetables and won’t be able to 6 them，I call the Itacate.”
When Gutiérrez makes the call，a volunteer 7 at Gutiérrez’s shop and helps distribute the unsold 8 among the city’s 450 soup kitchens，which 9 80,000 meals a day.
Just across the street from the Central de Abastos is one of the city’s largest soup kitchens.There，Leonardo Bautista,62，is eating lunch after a(n) 10 cleaning onions and green tomatoes at the market.The soup kitchen is the only place where he can get a(n) 11 meal near his workplace.
“It’s 12 to eat at the market，” he explains，“about $3.50 for lunch，which is almost half of my daily salary.”
Some shop owners 13 they are familiar with the program，but still often throw away 14 food because it takes too much time to make a 15 .
1．A.market B．trap
C．problem D．position
2．A.meals B．chemicals
C．drinks D．ruins
3．A.produced B．reduced
C．bought D．buried
4．A.planted B．cut
C．lost D．delivered
5．A.meaningful B．wasteful
C．troublesome D．perfect
6．A.grow B．sell
C．decline D．count
7．A.signs up B．checks out
C．shows up D．gives in
8．A.fruits B．chickens
C．cakes D．vegetables
9．A.purchase B．serve
C．destroy D．need
10．A.morning B．day
C．evening D．afternoon
11．A.tasty B．sweet
C．unacceptable D．affordable
12．A.hot B．inconvenient
C．expensive D．fun
13．A.apologize B．think
C．realize D．admit
14．A.poisonous B．eatable
C．cold D．cheap
15．A.donation B．call
C．profit D．living
语境猜词 ①unsold(派)＝un＋sold ②partner with
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·河南名校联盟质检)
As Chinese traditions go，few things are 1. (good) than sitting around a steaming hotpot in winter of northern China.Archaeological studies support the claim that Kublai Khan，the 2. (found) of the Yuan Dynasty，invented mutton hotpot.For a long time，only the upper classes could ①get their hands on mutton hotpot.It was also 3. (extraordinary) popular among many royal families of the Qing Dynasty.And according to the record，Emperor Qianlong was a true hotpot lover.
Among vegetables and meat spread out on the dinner table，mutton has been placed in the center.Many diners believe mutton has the medical effect of warming the body,4.________________(make) it an ideal food for the colder months.Many folk customs favor mutton over beef in part because in the past，cattle 5. (consider) much more important as a means 6. production.
Traditional Beijing instant boiled mutton,7. many southerners think tasteless，is known for its simplicity.It has no ②mouthwatering hotpot soup base，just plain water with some scallion(葱) and ginger(姜) slices 8. (add)．Thus，the quality of the mutton plays a major role in the hotpot experience.
Nowadays，mutton hotpot has become one of 9. favorite cuisines of the Chinese，with 10. (technology) development in mutton production allowing for year-round supplies of fresh meat across the country.
语境猜词 ①get one’s hands on ②mouthwatering(合＋派)＝mouth＋water＋ing
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.植物性的 ②adj.饮食的；膳食中的
B．①n.意愿 ②n.后院 ③adj.挑剔的，吹毛求疵的
Ⅱ.①adj.深思熟虑的 ②adj.易消化的 ③v.错误测量；错误判定
Ⅲ.①adj.未售出的 ②与……合作
Ⅳ.①获得，获取 ②adj.令人垂涎的；美味的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了饮食中的糖和加工食品会导致疾病，而医生们试图通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病。
1．B [推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes(糖尿病) rates among children.”可知，Nadeau建议购买全麦通心粉和真正的奶酪是因为它们更健康，故选B。]
2．D [词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This mother agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese.Score one point for the doctor，zero for diabetes.”可知，当这位母亲听从Nadeau的建议后，医生在与糖尿病的斗争中赢了一分，结合上文提到在美国超过50%的食品是加工食品而只有5%是植物性食物可推知画线词所在句意为“我认为我们应该努力扭转这种局面”，reverse意为“扭转”，故选D。]
3．A [观点态度题。根据第三段中“Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases，but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution，or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.”可推知，作者对于食物的力量持中立客观的态度，故选A。]
4．C [主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段和最后一段可知，饮食中的糖和加工食品会导致疾病，本文介绍了通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病的Shop with Your Doc项目。C项“一个以食为药的项目”能够总结本文大意，故选C。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东芬兰大学的一项新研究发现，针对3－5岁幼儿的基于感官的食物教育能提高其蔬果选择意愿，Sapere方法通过实践活动与五感学习有效促进健康饮食习惯的形成，有利于缩小家庭间的饮食差异。
5．D [细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“例如，幼儿园可以在实践课程中向孩子们介绍不同的蔬菜和水果，让孩子们参与烘焙和烹饪，并为孩子们提供在幼儿园后院种植自己蔬菜的机会。与食物相关的主题也可以包含在书籍和游戏中”可知，Sapere方法让孩子们积极参与到与食物相关的活动中。故选D。]
6．B [段落大意题。第四段详细介绍了研究的具体操作过程，包括将孩子分成不同组别，研究人员提供包含各种蔬菜和水果的零食自助餐，然后通过拍摄孩子们盘中的食物来分析他们选择和食用这些食物的意愿。所以本段主要介绍了研究的实施步骤。故选B。]
7．A [词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“研究结果表明，基于感官的食物教育提高儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿，尤其是在母亲教育背景较低的儿童中”可知，食物教育在提高儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿方面起着重要的作用。所以幼儿园的基于感官的食物教育可以帮助缩小不同家庭间孩子在饮食习惯上的差异。所以even out的意思为“缩小”。故选A。]
8．D [标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，即通过感官为基础的食物教育方法(Sapere方法)来提高学龄前儿童选择蔬菜和水果的意愿，从而促进他们的健康饮食习惯。文章内容围绕这一教育方法的实施、效果及其对孩子饮食选择的正面影响展开。所以D项“一种促进孩子健康饮食的新方法”是本文的最佳标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。食品标签似乎提供了消费者所需的所有信息，但事实并非如此。
1．F [上文提出食品标签似乎提供了消费者所需的所有信息，下文“They say how many calories a food contains，and yet...how highly processed it is.”说明食品标签隐瞒了部分信息，They指代F项中food labels，F项“但事情变得棘手，因为食品标签只说明了一半的情况”与上文形成转折，引出下文的具体说明，符合题意。故选F。]
2．C [上文“Food-processing includes cooking，mixing and mashing(捣烂)．”说明食品加工包括不同方式，下文“It can also be completed in your home when you prepare a meal.”说明食品加工也可以在家里完成，C项“它可以在你购买之前由食品行业完成”承接并解释上文，与下文为并列关系，符合题意。故选C。]
3．A [上文“If you eat the food raw you will tend to lose weight.If you eat the same food cooked，you will tend to gain weight.”说明吃食物的方式不同，体重变化会不同，A项“相同的卡路里，不同的结果”总结上文，符合题意。故选A。]
4．E [上文“And to do so would be much easier if...by eating less-processed food.”说明食品标签如果能告诉我们低加工食品可以减少多少卡路里会比较好，结合下文“The problem lies in a shortage of information.They find it hard to predict...”可知，空处应提到一个问题，且涉及They的指代对象，E项“那么，为什么我们的营养顾问对这个话题保持沉默呢？”符合语境，因为营养顾问发现很难预测高度加工会产生多少额外热量，所以他们没有要求食品标签标明这些信息。故选E。]
5．G [下文“The first gives a precise number of calories but...The second would take account of food-processing，but without any precise numbers.”具体说明食品标签面临的两种选择，G项“因此，我们的食品标签面临两种系统之间的选择”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Itacate项目利用墨西哥市最大的果蔬批发市场卖不出去的产品救济穷人的故事。
1．C [market市场；trap陷阱；problem问题；position位置。根据前文的“With hundreds of tons of unsold vegetables and fruit...the largest source of food waste in Mexico City.”可知，在每个集市日结束时，数百吨未售出的蔬菜和水果被送往垃圾填埋场，阿巴斯托斯中心已成为墨西哥城最大的食物垃圾来源，所以她注意到的是这个问题。故选C。]
2．A [meal餐饭；chemical化学品；drink饮料；ruin破坏，废墟。根据前文的“turn the wasted food into”和后文的“for the hungry”可知，她与市场合作，把浪费的食物变成饥饿者的餐饭。故选A。]
3．B [produce生产；reduce减少；buy买；bury埋葬。根据前文的“she partnered with the market to turn the wasted food into for the hungry”和后文的“the market’s daily food waste by 24%”可知，她的Itacate项目已将市场的每日食物浪费减少了24%。故选B。]
4．D [plant种植；cut切割；lose丢失；deliver运送。根据后文的“almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city.”可知，她的Itacate项目向全市各地的流动厨房运送了近800吨食物。故选D。]
5．A [meaningful有意义的；wasteful浪费的；troublesome麻烦的；perfect完美的。根据前文的“Since 2020，her program，the Itacate，has the market’s daily food waste by 24% and almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city.”和后文的“who is one of the businessmen taking part in the program”可知，Itacate项目是有意义的，Gutiérrez是参加这个项目的商人之一，他认为这样的努力是有意义的。故选A。]
6．B [grow生长；sell出售；decline下降；count计数。根据前文的“the Itacate，has the market’s daily food waste by 24% and almost 800 tons of food to soup kitchens across the city”和后文的“I call the Itacate”可知，Itacate项目将卖不出去的蔬菜向全市各地的流动厨房运送，所以Gutiérrez说如果自己有太多蔬菜卖不出去，就打电话给Itacate。故选B。]
7．C [sign up注册；check out检查；show up出现；give in屈服。根据后文的“at Gutiérrez’s shop and helps distribute the unsold among the city’s 450 soup kitchens”可知，一名志愿者出现在Gutiérrez的商店里，帮助将未售出的蔬菜分发到流动厨房。故选C。]
8．D [fruit水果；chicken鸡；cake蛋糕；vegetable蔬菜。根据前文的“if I have too many vegetables and won’t be able to them，I call the Itacate”可知，Gutiérrez说如果自己有太多蔬菜卖不出去，就打电话给Itacate，所以志愿者帮助将未售出的蔬菜分发到全市450个流动厨房。故选D。]
9．B [purchase购买；serve供应；destroy摧毁；need需要。根据后文的“80,000 meals a day”可知，这些厨房每天供应8万顿饭。故选B。]
10．A [morning上午；day白天；evening晚上；afternoon下午。根据前文的“There，Leonardo Bautista,62，is eating lunch after”和后文“cleaning onions and green tomatoes at the market”可知，他正在吃午饭，因此他在市场上清理洋葱和绿西红柿是上午的事情。故选A。]
11．D [tasty美味的；sweet甜的；unacceptable不可接受的；affordable买得起的。根据后文的“‘It’s to eat at the market，’ he explains，‘about $3.50 for lunch，which is almost half of my daily salary.’”可知，在市场上吃饭很贵，所以流动厨房是他唯一能在工作场所附近买得起饭的地方。故选D。]
12．C [hot热的；inconvenient不方便的；expensive昂贵的；fun有趣的。根据后文的“about $3.50 for lunch，which is almost half of my daily salary”可知，一顿午餐大约3.5美元，这几乎是Leonardo Bautista一天工资的一半，所以他认为在市场上吃饭很贵。故选C。]
13．D [apologize道歉；think想；realize实现；admit承认。根据后文的“they are familiar with the program，but still often throw away food because it takes too much time to make a ”可知，他们对这项计划很熟悉，但仍然经常扔掉可食用的食物，因为捐赠需要花费太多时间，这是一些店主承认的事情。故选D。]
14．B [poisonous有毒的；eatable可食用的；cold冷的；cheap花钱少的。根据前文可知，这个项目与捐赠相关，这些是可以捐赠的食物，所以店主经常扔掉的是可食用的食物。故选B。]
15．A [donation捐赠；call呼叫；profit利润；living谋生。根据前文可知，这个项目与捐赠相关，而捐赠需要花费太多时间。make a donation捐赠。故选A。]
Ⅳ.1.better 2.founder 3.extraordinarily 4.making
5．were considered 6.of 7.which 8.added 9.the
10．technological选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东菏泽模拟预测)
The Arctic(北极) is heating up at a ①breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth.And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought.Over the last four decades，the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average，researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment.
And that’s just on average.Some parts of the Arctic Ocean，such as the Barents Sea between Russia and Norway’s Svalbard Archipelago，are warming as much as seven times as fast，meteorologist Mika Rantanen of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Helsinki and colleagues found.Previous studies have tended to say that the Arctic’s average temperature is increasing two to three times as fast as elsewhere，as humans continue causing the climate to change.
To calculate the true pace of the accelerated warming，a phenomenon called Arctic amplification(放大)，the researchers analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021.Globally，the average temperature increasing over that time was about 0.2℃ per decade.But the Arctic was warming by about 0.75℃ per decade.
“Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming，” Rantanen said.The ②inability of the models to realistically simulate past Arctic amplification calls into question how well the models can ③project future changes there.
It’s not clear where the problem lies.One issue may be that the models are struggling with correctly reproducing the sensitivity of Arctic temperatures to the loss of sea ice.Disappearing snow and ice，particularly sea ice，is one big reason why the Arctic is warming at this speed.The bright white snow and ice create a reflective barrier that bounces incoming radiation from the sun back into space.But open ocean waters or bare rocks absorb that heat，raising the temperature.
1．Which of the following can best describe the Arctic temperature
A．It has come to its peak.
B．It has stopped increasing.
C．It is becoming as high as the global average.
D．It is increasing faster than other regions.
2．How did the researchers find out the true speed of Arctic warming
A．By referring to a theory.
B．By concluding different views.
C．By analyzing previous data.
D．By monitoring the temperature change.
3．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A. The climate models are out of date.
B．Snow and ice absorb more heat than sea water.
C．It’s hard for the climate models to correctly predict the future Arctic temperature.
D．It’s clear how Arctic temperatures reacted to the loss of sea ice.
4．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure.
C．A geography textbook. D．A computer magazine.
语境猜词 ①breakneck(合)＝break＋neck ②inability(派)＝in＋ability ③project(转)n.→v.
B
Antarctica，the southernmost continent on Earth and a frozen continent，remains a mysterious and original land，buried in ice and surrounded by a vast，①inhospitable ocean，which is often shrouded(隐藏) in mystery and intrigue.It holds a wealth of scientific wonders waiting to be explored.With the aid of cutting-edge technology，researchers have delved into its icy depths，uncovering the secrets of this remote and pristine(原始的) wilderness.
At the ②forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent’s surface，allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track the movements of glaciers with ③unprecedented accuracy.Such data is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on Antarctica’s delicate ecosystem and predicting future sea-level rise.
In addition to satellites，autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) play a key role in Antarctic research.These robotic submarines are equipped with an array of sensors and cameras，enabling them to navigate beneath the ice shelves and explore previously inaccessible regions.By collecting data on water temperature，salinity，and marine life，AUVs offer invaluable insights into the dynamics of Antarctic Ocean currents and the habitats of its unique marine species.
Furthermore，drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting aerial surveys of vast ice sheets and capturing high-resolution imagery of remote locations.By providing researchers with real-time data and imagery，drones facilitate rapid assessments of environmental changes and aid in the study of wildlife populations，from penguins to seals.
Despite the remarkable advancements in technology，conducting research in Antarctica remains a huge challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.However，through cooperative efforts and innovative approaches，scientists continue to push the boundaries of exploration，uncovering the mysteries of Antarctica and advancing our understanding of the Earth’s climate system.
5．What technology is primarily used for monitoring changes in ice coverage in Antarctica
A. Drones.
B．Submersible robots.
C．Satellite imaging systems.
D．Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)．
6．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph
A. Exploring and research on Antarctica is an easy task.
B．Scientific fieldwork in Antarctica is hard to continue.
C．Drones play a significant part in scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.
D．AUVs capture high-resolution imagery of remote locations.
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the research in Antarctica
A．Objective. B．Subjective.
C．Suspicious. D．Indifference.
8．What would be the most suitable title for the text
A. The Challenges of Antarctic Exploration
B．Traditional Methods of Antarctic Research
C．The Environmental Impact of Satellite Imaging
D．The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica
语境猜词 ①inhospitable(派)＝in＋hospitable ②forefront(派)＝fore＋front ③unprecedented(派)＝un＋precedent＋ed
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
In modern life，stress has become an unwelcome companion for many.According to a survey conducted in 2023,91 percent of adults reported experiencing high or extreme levels of stress. 1 One alternative gaining popularity is wellness tourism，praised as the fastest-growing sector in the travel industry.
The change of scenery and ①adventurous nature of an active holiday can lead to an overall change in the dominant chemicals in our brain，triggering releases of dopamine(多巴胺)． 2 We often see dopamine travel as a complete distraction from everyday life，which promotes meaning or growth.Besides，such a form of travel has been proven to increase feelings of well-being，as well as increases in general activity level. 3 This is particularly present for outdoor trips such as mountaineering or skiing where a sense of accomplishment can lead to long lasting increases in self worth and confidence.
4 Oliver Brendon，CEO of Attraction Tickets Ltd adds：“The dopamine travel trend is ②centered on immersing yourself in exciting landscapes，which is why the ③brightly-colored theme parks such as Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando Resort make such popular destinations.”
For more mindful moments，surrounding yourself in nature can create a sense of adventure and escape unlike traditional wellness getaways. 5 Going sailing on the tranquil lazy river at Discovery Cove is another wise choice.
A．Consider choosing experiences like swimming with sea life.
B．Try riding the popular roller coaster at Disney’s Hollywood Studios.
C．These benefits have been reported as lasting up to a long post-holiday time.
D．This effect of certain holidays has coined a new travel trend—dopamine travel.
E．As we struggle with this stress，promoting our well-being has become most significant.
F．It’s evident that we are increasingly seeking comfort and refreshment in holiday experiences.
G．Just as other dopamine trends encourage bright colors，our environments also play a vital role.
1．A B C D E F G
2．A B C D E F G
3．A B C D E F G
4．A B C D E F G
5．A B C D E F G
语境猜词 ①adventurous(派)＝adventur(e)＋ous ②center(转)n.→v. ③brightly-colored(合)＝brightly＋colored
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago，I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France，but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 ，Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy，I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of Italian together，the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 .After I made Italy my permanent home，I discovered how 6 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a ①foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach，and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 10 ，and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families 11 for big meals on Sundays，birthdays，and whatever other excuses they can 12 .These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy.Whatever 14 life in Italy might have，the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
1．A.study B．rent
C．visit D．settle
2．A.planned B．struggled
C．refused D．happened
3．A.string B．hang
C．mix D．match
4．A.improved B．assessed
C．admired D．praised
5．A.course B．barrier
C．area D．test
6．A.open-minded B．strong-willed
C．warm-hearted D．②well-informed
7．A.remind B．allow
C．persuade D．order
8．A.tricks B．promises
C．acts D．duties
9．A.ambition B．success
C．appetite D．growth
10．A.costume B．dish
C．symbol D．tale
11．A.gather B．cheer
C．leave D．wait
12．A.put up with B．stand up for
C．come up with D．make up for
13．A.signaled B．confirmed
C．represented D．accompanied
14．A.disadvantages B．meanings
C．surprises D．opportunities
15．A.created B．forgotten
C．understood D．identified
语境猜词 ①foodie(派)＝food＋ie ②well-informed(合＋派)＝well＋inform＋ed
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·河北保定二模)
Chengde Mountain Resort
Chengde Mountain Resort lies in the north of Chengde City，Hebei Province in the north of China and covers an area of 5,640,000 square meters.First 1. (build) in the 42nd year during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty，the whole construction of Chengde Mountain Resort 2. (last) a total of about 90 years.The resort is mainly composed of Palace Zone and Garden Scenery Zone.
Located in the south part of the resort，Palace Zone comprises rows of buildings in a perfect layout,3. look like those in the Palace Museum in Beijing.4. buildings fall into four groups：Central Palace，Pine and Crane Studio，Valleys and Pines，and East Palace.
Garden Scenery Zone is divided into the lake area，the plain area and the mountain area.5.__________(lie) on the west and north of the plain area，the mountain area has an area of 4,435,000 square meters，accounting for four 6. (five) of the total area of the resort.The towering peaks seem as if they are natural blockades preventing the bitter wind from entering the zone and that seems to be 7. the weather here is regulated.
Unlike other royal gardens，Chengde Mountain Resort is a perfect 8. (combine) of quintessence of both the south and north gardens that follow the natural terrain and suit measures to conditions of mountains and waters for construction.It is an outcome of inheriting(继承) and 9._____________(far) expanding the architectural philosophy of Chinese classical gardens.It is a milestone of pride in Chinese garden history and a masterwork of Chinese classical garden art，claimed 10. the largest existing royal garden in the world.
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.飞速惊险的 ②n.无力；无能 ③预计，推断
B．①adj.不适于居住的；荒凉的 ②n.前沿 ③adj.前所未有的
Ⅱ.①adj.冒险的 ②以……为中心 ③adj.色彩鲜艳的
Ⅲ.①n.美食家 ②adj.消息灵通的，见多识广的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了北极地区气候飞速变暖的现象，并探讨了造成这种现象的原因。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Over the last four decades，the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average...”可知，北极的温度的增长速度比其他地区快。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“To calculate the true pace...analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021.”可知，研究人员通过分析以前的数据来查明北极变暖的真实速度。故选C。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming，’．..project future changes there.”可知，气候模型很难正确预测未来北极的温度。故选C。]
4．A [文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据第一段可知，本文说明了北极地区的气候变化及其原因，是科研性质的主题，因此最可能出自一篇研究论文。故选A。]
5．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent’s surface，allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track...”可知，卫星成像系统为科学家提供了详细的南极大陆表面地图，以便他们监测冰盖变化并跟踪冰川的运动。故选C。]
6．C [推理判断题。根据第四段“Furthermore，drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork...These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting...and capturing...By providing researchers with real-time data and imagery，drones facilitate rapid assessments of...”可推知，无人机在南极洲科考工作中起着非常重大的作用。故选C。]
7．A [观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Despite the remarkable advancements in technology，conducting research in Antarctica remains a huge challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.”可推知，作者对在南极进行研究持有客观的态度。故选A。]
8．D [标题归纳题。根据第一段中“With the aid of cutting-edge technology，researchers have delved into its icy depths，uncovering the secrets of this remote and pristine(原始的) wilderness.”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了南极探险中使用的先进技术。由此可知，D项“The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica”最适合作本文标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ.
1．E [根据上文“According to a survey conducted in 2023,91 percent of adults reported experiencing high or extreme levels of stress.”可知，本句应该是引出“如何减压”这个话题。E选项“当我们与这种压力作斗争时，提升我们的幸福变得最重要”符合语境。故选E。]
2．D [根据上文“The change of scenery and adventurous nature of an active holiday can lead to...triggering releases of dopamine(多巴胺)．”和下文“We often see dopamine travel as...”可知，本句应引出“多巴胺旅行”这一概念。D选项“某些假期的影响创造了一种新的旅行趋势——多巴胺旅行”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。]
3．C [根据上文“Besides，such a form of travel has been proven to increase feelings of well-being，as well as increases in general activity level.”可知，上文重点描述了多巴胺旅行带给我们的益处。C项“据报道，这些好处可以持续到节后很长一段时间”中的“These benefits”承接上文，本句继续补充说明多巴胺旅行带来的影响，符合语境，故选C。]
4．G [根据下文“The dopamine travel trend is centered on immersing yourself in...which is why the brightly-colored theme parks such as...”以及其中的关键信息“the brightly-colored”可知，本段重点想讨论的是多巴胺旅行的特点之一是具备色彩鲜明的环境。G选项“就像其他的多巴胺潮流鼓励运用亮丽的色彩一样，我们的环境也起着至关重要的作用”符合语境，故选G。]
5．A [根据上文“For more mindful moments，surrounding yourself in nature can create a sense of adventure and escape unlike traditional wellness getaways.”以及下文“Going sailing on the tranquil lazy river at Discovery Cove is another wise choice.”可知，本句是举例说明多巴胺旅行的一种形式。A选项“考虑选择像和海洋生物一起游泳这样的经历”符合语境，故选A。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，中等难度。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。
1．D [study学习；rent租用；visit游览；settle定居。根据上文的“I decided to buy a house in Europe”以及空白处前表示转折的but可知，虽然作者喜欢在法国旅行，但是最终还是选择在意大利定居。下文的“I made Italy my permanent home”亦有提示。故选D。]
2．B [plan计划；struggle斗争，吃力地进行；refuse拒绝；happen出现，发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。]
3．A [string串起，把……连在一起；hang悬挂；mix混合；match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。]
4．D [improve改进；assess评估；admire钦佩；praise赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。]
5．B [course课程；barrier障碍；area区域；test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人的鼓励帮助作者克服了语言障碍。故选B。]
6．C [open-minded思想开明的；strong-willed意志坚定的；warm-hearted热心的；well-informed见多识广的。根据下文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指作者发现意大利人都很热心。故选C。]
7．A [remind提醒；allow允许；persuade说服；order命令。根据上文“I discovered how Italians are”以及“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在快要下雨的时候会来作者家门前提醒作者关上车窗。故选A。]
8．C [trick技巧；promise承诺；act行为；duty职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese... me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。]
9．C [ambition雄心；success成功；appetite食欲；growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知，作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。]
10．B [costume服装；dish菜肴；symbol符号；tale故事。结合上下文可知，本段内容与意大利饮食有关。再结合下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利的每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴。故选B。]
11．A [gather聚集；cheer欢呼；leave留下；wait等待。根据下文的“These meals are always by laughter and joy.”和“a big meal with friends and family”可知，意大利家庭热爱聚餐，并享受这种美食文化。故选A。]
12．C [put up with容忍；stand up for支持；come up with想出；make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出各种理由。故选C。]
13．D [signal示意；confirm确认；represent代表；accompany伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“be accompanied by”译为“伴随着”。故选D。]
14．A [disadvantage缺点；meaning意义；surprise惊喜；opportunity机会。根据下文“the problems”可推知，此处指不论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。]
15．B [create创建；forget忘记；understand理解；identify确认。根据下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记那些不愉快。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.built 2.lasted 3.which 4.The 5.Lying 6.fifths 7.how/why 8.combination 9.further 10.as 选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 First Aid
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·河北沧州模拟)
Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge for scientists around the globe since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning.The ①chance of a powerful earthquake can only be determined through long-term forecasts in a general area or region on Earth.
Throughout history，no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake：including its date and time，location and magnitude.These are the three elements essential to make an earthquake，according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS)．While small earthquakes occur all the time，②high-intensity earthquakes are rare but is something to watch out.
Now，a new study led by researchers from Pennsylvania State University found a potential solution to the dilemma of earthquake forecast：ancient underthrust rocks.These rocks buried deep in ancient subduction(俯冲) zones—where tectonic(地壳的) plates bump with each other—could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes.
According to the USGS，we are still uncertain how we can make such a feat and are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the ③foreseeable future.
Although some people in the past said they could predict earthquakes，the U．S.Government agency asserts these are all failed predictions.Their predictions are neither grounded on scientific fact nor passed through the scientific method.
Since authorities in the field of geology and other related areas acknowledged that earthquake prediction is still far from being completed，scientists continue to further understand this mystery.Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms，earthquakes have no concrete parameters(参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours，days，weeks or months.
Regardless，the Penn State researchers have made progress in the dilemma by understanding the underthrust rocks in ancient subduction zones.Determining this area could help scientists better predict the behavior of these zones during periods between major earthquakes.Evidence of their findings was based on clues from rock formations in Alaska and Japan.
1．What is the hard nut as to earthquake prediction
A. Earthquakes often occur in unexpected areas.
B．No scientists can tell how earthquakes happen.
C．The geological structure is too complicated.
D．It is hard to predict earthquakes accurately.
2．What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 mean
A．Take actions. B．Achieve success.
C．Adopt measures. D．Face challenges.
3．Why can hurricanes be accurately forecasted
A. Because they can be tracked through the specific data.
B．Because they usually happen in some particular places.
C．Because they can be confirmed by the practical experience.
D．Because they often take place during hot summer time.
4．What is the best title for the passage
A. Ancient Underthrust Rocks Help in Earthquake Prediction
B．Earthquake Prediction Remains a Problem to Work out
C．Underthrust Rocks Indicate Coming Violent Earthquakes
D．Scientists Can Successfully Predict Destructive Earthquakes
语境猜词 ①chance(熟义：n.机会) 生义(文义)： ②high-intensity(合)＝high＋intensity ③foreseeable(派)＝foresee＋able
B
Rogues(疯狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)．These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly ①unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，combining to form huge walls of water，according to NOAA.However，why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys(浮标) in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”．
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that，until now，have not been combined into a single risk assessment，” said lead author Dion H fner.H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the ②likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.So H fner’s team applied another form of machine learning，which produced an equation when fed data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact，we ③registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves，” H fner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
5．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example. B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a classification. D．By making an assumption.
6．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures.
B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring.
D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
7．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They aren’t visually available.
B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions.
D．They don’t process data systematically.
8．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests.
B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement.
D．It has a promising future.
语境猜词 ①unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able ②likelihood(派)＝likely＋hood ③register(熟义：v.注册) 生义(文义)：
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane，failed dam，or ①overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly. 1 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general，there are two types. 2 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3 Living next to a river，dam，on the coast，or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period，flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example，the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster，such as a tsunami，can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover，flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A．The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B．Floods can be ②preventable and predictable.
C．Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D．And sometimes they come with little warning.
E．The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F．They include severe weather，geography，and other man-made factors.
G．Generally，the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
1．A B C D E F G
2．A B C D E F G
3．A B C D E F G
4．A B C D E F G
5．A B C D E F G
语境猜词 ①overflow(合)＝over＋flow ②preventable(派)＝prevent＋able
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·广东韶关二模)
On a hot afternoon Rhiannon was driving her old van down the highway.As she 1 her window to let in some fresh air，her car registration paper blew off the sun visor and onto the floor inside.When leaning down to 2 it，she accidentally drifted into ①oncoming traffic.In panic，she ②over-corrected and pulled the 3 sharply in the other direction. 4 ，the van rolled over three times，and Rhiannon was thrown onto the road，lying in the middle of the road and bleeding，nearly 5 .
A medical student witnessed the accident and came to her 6 .He covered Rhiannon with his coat and gave her emergency first aid，including 7 the wound on her left arm before the ambulance arrived.
8 ，Rhiannon was rushed to a hospital where an emergency room doctor spent hours 9 all the pieces of windshield from her arm，and gave her three dozen stitches.
Luckily，Rhiannon was saved.Not for the bandage，she would not have 10 long enough for the emergency personnel to arrive.Though Rhiannon didn’t know him，she was grateful to the medical student who saved her life.So she 11 the words online，“It’s a pity that I don’t know your name.If you happen to see or hear this story and recognize yourself，thank you for your kind 12 .”
Rhiannon also had a message for the other 13 heroes，“Please consider this a pay-it-forward letter of 14 —a letter from the 15 you helped who，for whatever reason，couldn’t thank you themselves.”
1．A.rolled down B．broke off
C．turned down D．switched off
2．A.stick B．grab
C．touch D．possess
3．A.handle B．engine
C．window D．wheel
4．A.Consequently B．Automatically
C．Frequently D．Slowly
5．A.awake B．astonished
C．unconscious D．crazy
6．A.vision B．action
C．rescue D．mind
7．A.bandaging B．curing
C．pressing D．uncovering
8．A.Without delay B．Out of sympathy
C．For certainty D．In despair
9．A.tidying B．removing
C．collecting D．checking
10．A.suffered B．struggled
C．stayed D．survived
11．A.searched B．browsed
C．received D．posted
12．A.guidance B．gesture
C．expression D．encouragement
13．A.tireless B．faultless
C．nameless D．speechless
14．A.apology B．application
C．invitation D．appreciation
15．A.peers B．strangers
C．relatives D．fellows
语境猜词 ①oncoming(合)＝on＋coming ②over-correct(合)＝over＋correct
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
It’s a race against time，as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves,1. UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The team 2. (devote) to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site，the construction of 3._____________ takes about a thousand years，from the 4th century to the 14th century.The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over the 4. (century) on the ancient Silk Road.
Commonly 5. (see) “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking，as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves，and the deposition of salts.To restore a mural requires an ①all-rounder.Restorers should know painting，master the skills of a mason(石匠) and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics,6.____________(be) able to recognize the problems and their 7. (correspond) causes and deliver a solution.They must also select proper materials and tools，and conduct experiments，8. formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than ②repainting them.When the restorers find some parts of murals missing 9.___________ fading away，they never repaint them to create a “perfect” 10. (appear) in restoration.
语境猜词 ①all-rounder(合)＝all＋rounder ②repaint(派)＝re＋paint
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.可能性 ②n.高强度 ③adj.可预料的
B．①adj.不可预测的 ②n.可能性 ③v.记录
Ⅱ.①v.溢出 ②adj.可防止的
Ⅲ.①迎面而来的 ②过度修正
Ⅳ.①全才；多才多艺者 ②重画；重漆
答案精析
Ⅰ.
1．D [推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge...since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning.”和第二段首句“Throughout history，no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake：including its date and time，location and magnitude.”可推知，要准确预测地震的发生时间、地点和震级很难。故选D。]
2．B [词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线部分下文“are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the foreseeable future”可知，人类在现阶段仍然无法成功地准确预测大地震，此处和画线部分为并列结构，应该传递的是一致的含义。由此可知，画线部分make such a feat与achieve success“取得成功”意思一致。故选B。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms，earthquakes have no concrete parameters(参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours，days，weeks or months.”可知，与飓风和其他风暴的天气预报不同，地震无法预测是因为没有具体参数作参照。由此可知，飓风等能预测是因为能够根据具体参数展开分析。故选A。]
4．A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文通过第一、二段介绍地震预测难的现状，引出第三段首句所表达的文章主旨：古老的俯冲断层岩石有助于预测地震。由此可知，“Ancient Underthrust Rocks Help in Earthquake Prediction”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。]
语篇解读 本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只免受破坏。
5．B [写作手法题。根据第一段“Rogues(疯狗浪)，called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to...” 再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...why and where they appear is unclear...researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’．”可知，疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，但研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D。]
7．A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。]
8．D [观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.”可推知，H fner认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害，包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测、预防手段。
1．D [前文提到造成洪水的原因有多种，且洪水速度很快，后文提到洪水发生时知道如何保护家人和财产安全的重要性，建议做好充分的准备。D项“And sometimes they come with little warning.”符合语境，指出洪水可能很突然地发生，承接前文，佐证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。]
2．C [前文提到洪水的定义，以及包含两种类型，后文具体描述第一种类型的洪水，因此C项“Flash floods are more common in dry areas.”符合语境，其中的dry areas是后文的these areas的指代对象。故选C。]
3．F [前文“A flood can be caused by many things.”提到洪水的起因很多，因此F项“They include severe weather，geography，and other man-made factors.”符合语境，具体介绍这些因素，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的many things。故选F。]
4．G [前文“There is no specific flood season.”提到洪水的发生没有特定的时间，因此G项“Generally，the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.”符合语境，指出宽泛的洪水发生的高风险时期，承接前文。故选G。]
5．B [空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水，因此B项“Floods can be preventable and predictable.”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选B。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文，讲述了Rhiannon在高速公路上开车时遭遇了一场事故，随后被一名医学生救助，之后Rhiannon在网上对救援者表达了感激之情。
1．A [roll down摇下；break off折断；turn down拒绝；switch off关闭。根据前文“Rhiannon was driving her old van”以及后文“to let in some fresh air”可知，她在开车，要让新鲜空气进来，应是摇下车窗。故选A。]
2．B [stick粘贴；grab抓住；touch触摸；possess具有。根据前文“her car registration paper blew off the sun visor and onto the floor inside”可知，她的汽车登记纸被风从遮阳板上吹到了地板上，所以应是弯下腰去抓它。故选B。]
3．D [handle手柄；engine发动机；window窗口；wheel方向盘。根据前文“she accidentally drifted into oncoming traffic”以及“In panic”可知，她不小心撞到了迎面而来的车辆，她很慌乱，结合常识可知，应是猛打方向盘。故选D。]
4．A [consequently因此；automatically自动地；frequently经常；slowly慢速地。根据后文“the van rolled over three times，and Rhiannon was thrown onto the road”可知，此处应是她猛打方向盘的结果。故选A。]
5．C [awake醒着的；astonished吃惊的；unconscious无意识的；crazy疯狂的。根据前文“Rhiannon was thrown onto the road，lying in the middle of the road and bleeding”可知，Rhiannon被从车里甩出去，而且流了血，应是几乎失去知觉。故选C。]
6．C [vision视力；action行动；rescue救援；mind大脑。根据后文“He covered Rhiannon with his coat and gave her emergency first aid”可知，这名医学生在救Rhiannon。故选C。]
7．A [bandage用绷带包扎；cure治愈；press按；uncover发现。根据前文“bleeding”以及后文“Not for the bandage”可知，这名医学生应是包扎了她正在流血的伤口。故选A。]
8．A [without delay立即；out of sympathy出于同情；for certainty无疑地；in despair失望地。根据前文“before the ambulance arrived”和后文“Rhiannon was rushed to a hospital”可知，Rhiannon应是立即被救护车送往医院。故选A。]
9．B [tidy整理；remove去除；collect收集；check检查。根据后文“all the pieces of windshield from her arm”可知，应是从她的手臂里取出所有挡风玻璃碎片。故选B。]
10．D [suffer遭受；struggle斗争；stay保持；survive存活。根据前文医学生对她实施急救并结合后文“long enough for the emergency personnel to arrive”可知，此处表达“如果没有绷带，她不可能活到急救人员赶到”。故选D。]
11．D [search搜索；browse浏览；receive收到；post发布。根据后文“the words online”可知，她在网上发帖。故选D。]
12．B [guidance指导；gesture姿态，表示；expression表达；encouragement鼓励。根据前文“A medical student witnessed the accident and came to her .”可知，这名医学生救了她，所以是感谢他的善意行为，kind gesture意为“善意的举动”。故选B。]
13．C [tireless不知疲倦的；faultless完美无缺的；nameless无名的；speechless说不出话的。根据前文“It’s a pity that I don’t know your name.”可知，Rhiannon不知道是谁帮助了自己，所以也想感谢其他无名英雄。故选C。]
14．D [apology道歉；application应用；invitation邀请；appreciation感谢。根据后文“for whatever reason，couldn’t thank you themselves”可知，这是一封感谢信。故选D。]
15．B [peer同辈；stranger陌生人；relative亲属；fellow同事。根据前文“Rhiannon also had a message for the other heroes”可知，这是一封给无名英雄的信，因为不知道彼此的名字，所以此处指“一封来自你帮助过的陌生人的感谢信”。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.a 2.is devoted 3.which 4.centuries 5.seen 6.to be 7.corresponding 8.before 9.or 10.appearance
