选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·江苏南京、盐城调研)
“Anxiety.” The very word ①invites discomfort.Its effects—shortness of breath，pounding heart，muscle tension—are ②outright upsetting.But，as a clinician，I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion.In and of itself，anxiety is not deadly，nor is it a disease.Quite the contrary：being able to feel anxious is an ③indicator of brain and sensory health.Once we accept that it is a normal，though uncomfortable，part of life，we can use it to help us.
We all know working out at the gym is hard.By nature，a “good workout” is uncomfortable，since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience.Similarly，if you want to be emotionally stronger，you need to face some tension.For example，one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy(疗法)，which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious，reducing fear over time.
Humans are social creatures.When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties，they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness.Also，as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches，when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g.，“I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”)，it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.
From time to time，we find ourselves at the end of our rope.Our responsibilities pile up，our resources break down，and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress.Simply put，the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources，just like a set of scales(天平) going out of balance.Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to ④disastrous results.Medical treatment for stress may function for a while，but it tends to make things worse in the long run.The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.
1．What does the author say about anxiety
A. It is an invitation to diseases.
B．It indicates stable mental health.
C．It costs us many valuable chances.
D．It is a natural emotional expression.
2．Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2
A. To prove how exercise influences emotions.
B．To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.
C．To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.
D．To show a positive connection between mind and body.
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The key to closeness is partners’ support.
B．Sharing anxieties improves relationships.
C．Humans are defined by their social nature.
D．Expressing feelings keeps us off anxieties.
4．According to the last paragraph，how can we deal with stress
A. Devote more energy to our work.
B．Increase resources available to us.
C．Seek professional medical treatment.
D．Master advanced mathematical skills.
语境猜词 ①invite(熟义：v.邀请) 生义(文义)：____________________ ②outright(合)＝out＋right ____________________ ③indicator(派)＝indicate＋or ____________________ ④disastrous(派)＝disast(e)r＋ous ____________________
B
Being an opinion writer and journalist，I was always demanded that I make a public statement about hot issues online.The voices yelling at me and anyone else who failed to post seemed to believe that not making a statement was itself a statement—and an ①immoral one，at that.
On social media，people take a position that results in positive comments but reduces complex issues to a simple yes or no.Taking simplistic ②stands can also lead to twisting words.This kind of simple thinking is deeply unserious and further fuels hatred(敌意)，changing personal opinions into ③extremism and mistaking the expressions of anger for brave action in the face of horror.
These loud，④reductive declarations reflect genuine fear about horrors that lie beyond words.Simple binaries imply simple solutions.And it’s much more pleasant to tell yourself you stand on the side of good，against evil，than to question whether the lines of boundaries were drawn correctly.
Sitting with uncertainty is hard，especially when social media has urged us to expect perfect real-time information during unfortunate events and immediate answers and resolution.Moral certainty is a point we stand on when factual certainty is not possible.And the faster we express it，the more certain we appear.
Such thoughtless posts are not what bother me most，though.Instead，it’s the idea that not posting is wrong somehow—that everyone needs to speak，all the time.It discourages shutting up and listening and letting the voices that matter the most be heard over the noise.It suggests that having any doubts about what’s happening or forming moral conclusions that don’t make sense to share on social media is unacceptable.
I do have opinions，of course，but they don’t fit on social media.While I’ve regretted posting half-formed thoughts too quickly，I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry or not posting at all.
5．What does the author think of people’s quick posts on hot issues
A．Positive. B．Irresponsible.
C．Uncaring. D．Unkind.
6．What do paragraphs 3 and 4 try to explain
A. Reasons why people rush to post opinions.
B．Ways people use to express ideas.
C．Means by which people solve difficult problems.
D．Facts on which people base their judgement.
7．What upsets the author most
A. Too many posts online.
B．Too much false information.
C．People’s judgement on not posting.
D．People’s unawareness of current issues.
8．What message does the author really convey
A. It’s useless to post ideas on social media.
B．It’s better to keep silent than blindly follow suit.
C．Everyone has the right to voice his opinion.
D．Everyone must guard network security.
语境猜词 ①immoral(派)＝im＋moral ____________________ ②stand(熟义：v.站) 生义(文义)：____________________ ③extremism(派)＝extrem(e)＋ism ____________________ ④reductive(派)＝reduc(e)＋tive ____________________
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·江苏连云港一模)
The wide consensus(共识) across all generations is that good health is the absolute top priority in life，①outranking money，education and career. 1 We have to work for it.If you’re hesitating over your New Year’s resolutions，we’ve got tips.
Refine(完善) your goal.There’s an evidence-based technique to help you refine your goals and see them through by setting up a system to track your progress.This can improve the likelihood of success.It’s called the SMART goal process.One common problem is setting an ②unrealistic goal. 2
Shift your attitude.Even if you’re off to a slow start this year，embrace optimism.A study published found optimists live longer.There’s literally a longevity(长寿) boost to staying positive among challenges.And what’s the connection to resolutions 3 Optimistic individuals tend to have goals and the confidence to reach them，the researchers conclude.
Find a group.If you aim to eat better or drink less，your chances of success are higher if the people around you are on board too. 4 Research shows people are more likely to reach body weight goals and maintain weight loss if they’re part of a group effort.
5 It’s easy to wish for the magic medicine or the super-food that can lead us to great health quickly.The reality is that our daily habits influence our health a lot more than we realize.The science shows that people who followed the habits of sleeping soundly，eating well，staying active，limiting alcohol and reducing screen time cut the risk of disease by more than 50%.
A．But good health isn’t a gift.
B．Lifestyle choices matter to our mind.
C．Small habit changes help shape good health.
D．Practicing optimism may help enhance your confidence.
E．There’s a strong link between optimism and healthy behaviors.
F．This technique helps you commit to one that’s actually achievable.
G．We social creatures tend to mirror the behaviors of those closest to us.
语境猜词 ①outrank(合)＝out＋rank ②unrealistic(派)＝un＋realistic
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.He 1 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.The touching 2 has left many saying their “faith” in ①humanity has been 3 .
The mum shared her experience on social media， 4 that she was driving out when the man 5 her car，clearly trying to send a signal.
“He shouted ‘you have a ②flat tyre’． 6 him immediately，I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up(打气)—the tyre...but no，it was 7 flat，” the mum said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car and 8 her to the station. 9 she thought they were to fill up petrol but was 10 when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand.
“They didn’t want my baby and me to end up in a(n) 11 ” she said.“Asking me if I had a 12 wheel，Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son.”
Saying the family were a 13 to the community，she remarked，“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s 14 as you never know what would come back to bite you but today I am deeply 15 .”
1．A.spotted B．revealed
C．concluded D．forgot
2．A.idea B．expression
C．act D．ceremony
3．A.lost B．restored
C．exercised D．shaken
4．A.predicting B．complaining
C．denying D．explaining
5．A.checked out B．got into
C．pointed to D．looked after
6．A.Contacting B．Noticing
C．Thanking D．Recognizing
7．A.slightly B．completely
C．accidentally D．hardly
8．A.followed B．walked
C．guided D．hurried
9．A.Occasionally B．Fortunately
C．Eventually D．Initially
10．A.puzzled B．astonished
C．amused D．panicked
11．A.accident B．mess
C．conflict D．adventure
12．A.flat B．fancy
C．spare D．unique
13．A.blessing B．relief
C．sadness D．joy
14．A.belongings B．business
C．privacy D．steps
15．A.anxious B．contented
C．regretful D．grateful
语境猜词 ①humanity(派)＝human＋ity ____________________ ②flat(熟义：adj.平的，平坦的) 生义(文义)：____________________
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·河南三门峡一模)
Acupuncture(针灸)，a traditional Chinese medical practice，1.__________________(be) the remedy for 2.____________________(count) patients since ancient times.Before modern medicine came to life，ancient Chinese used stone tools 3.__________________(relieve) pain.Over time，this primitive practice gradually evolved 4.________________ a comprehensive and profound medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture.
Aimed at promoting the body’s self-regulating functions，acupuncture emphasizes ①all-inclusive treatment，balance of ②bodily functions and overall physiological well-being, 5.______________ therapeutic principles are ③in line with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine.
Practices can vary in forms，including needle insertion，cupping and scraping.Needle insertion,6.____________ most common method,7._____________(carry) out by inserting ④hair-thin needles into meridians，with specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi)．Practitioners lift，twirl and rotate needles to unblock the flow of energy and stimulate the body’s innate potential to heal 8.____________________(it)．
Looking beyond China，acupuncture has become a global therapy.According to a 2019 WHO report，acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries,9._______(illustrate) its widespread recognition and application.
With a rich history and deep cultural significance，acupuncture has seen many 10.____________________(advance) in scientific research and modern medicine，which is now an embodiment of profound cultural heritage and a historic path to healing.
语境猜词 ①all-inclusive(合)＝all＋inclusive ____________________ ②bodily(派)＝bod(y)＋ily ____________________ ③in line with ____________________ ④hair-thin(合)＝hair＋thin ____________________
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①v.招致(尤指坏事) ②adv.完全地，彻底地 ③n.标志，迹象 ④adj.灾难性的
B．①adj.不道德的 ②n.立场，态度 ③n.极端主义 ④adj.简化法的，以简释繁的
Ⅱ.①v.地位高于，级别高于 ②adj.不切实际的
Ⅲ.①n.人性 ②adj.(轮胎)没气的，瘪的
Ⅳ.①adj.包括一切的 ②adj.人体的，身体的 ③与……一致 ④adj.细如毛发的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了焦虑虽然令人不舒服，但它也对我们有帮助并介绍了如何应对压力。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Quite the contrary：being able to feel anxious is an indicator of brain and sensory health.Once we accept that it is a normal，though uncomfortable，part of life，we can use it to help us.”可知，作者认为焦虑是一种正常的情感表露。故选D。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By nature，a ‘good workout’ is uncomfortable，since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.”和“Similarly，if you want to be emotionally stronger，you need to face some tension.”可知，好的锻炼需要挑战身体的舒适区，同理，要想在情感上更坚强，有必要面对一些紧张，由此可推测出，提到“好的锻炼”是为了说明焦虑是如何帮助增强情感力量的。故选C。]
3．B [段落大意题。根据第三段中的“When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties，they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness.”和“when we express our need for connection...it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love”可推出，本段主要讲述了分享焦虑有助于加强人际关系。故选B。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Simply put，the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources，just like a set of scales(天平) going out of balance.”和“The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.”可知，感到压力是因为外界对我们的要求超过了我们可用的资源，所以天平失去了平衡，而唯一解决压力的方法是通过数学来平衡天平，可推知要增加我们可用的资源。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是议论文。文章主要介绍作者认为在对待网络上的热点问题时，与其盲从，不如保持沉默。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This kind of simple thinking is deeply unserious and further fuels hatred(敌意)，changing personal opinions into extremism and mistaking the expressions of anger for brave action in the face of horror.”可知，作者认为人们在热点问题上的快速跟帖不够严肃，是不负责任的。故选B。]
6．A [段落大意题。根据第三段“These loud，reductive declarations reflect genuine fear about horrors...And it’s much more pleasant to tell yourself you stand on the side of good，against evil...”和第四段“Sitting with uncertainty is hard...And the faster we express it，the more certain we appear.”可知，这两段主要从心理感受和道德认知两个角度解释在网络上人们急于发表意见的原因。故选A。]
7．C [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Such thoughtless posts are not what bother me most，though.Instead，it’s the idea that not posting is wrong somehow—that everyone needs to speak，all the time.”可知，“不发帖是错误的”这种评判是最让作者烦心的。故选C。]
8．B [推理判断题。根据第五段内容和最后一段中“While I’ve regretted posting half-formed thoughts too quickly，I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry or not posting at all.”可推知，作者认为在对待网络上的热点问题时，与其盲从，不如保持沉默。故选B。]
Ⅱ.1.A 2.F 3.E 4.G 5.C
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女士在社交媒体上分享的经历：她的车胎瘪了，一位陌生男子及其儿子主动帮助她更换轮胎，让她深感人间仍有温暖。
1．A [spot发现；reveal揭示；conclude得出结论；forget忘记。根据后文“there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help”可知，他发现了她的车子有问题。故选A。]
2．C [idea想法；expression表达；act行为；ceremony仪式。根据前文“He __________ there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知，本空指那位男士帮助女士的具体行为。故选C。]
3．B [lose失去；restore恢复；exercise练习；shake动摇。根据前文“The touching __________ has left many saying their ‘faith’ in humanity has been”可知，这一感人的善举让许多人表示他们对人性的“信任”得到了恢复。故选B。]
4．D [predict预测；complain抱怨；deny否认；explain解释。根据前文“The mum shared her experience on social media”和后文“she was driving out when the man ________ her car，clearly trying to send a signal”可知，她在社交媒体上解释了事情发生的经过。故选D。]
5．C [check out结账离开；get into进入；point to指向；look after照顾。根据后文“her car，clearly trying to send a signal”可知，那位男士指向她的车，显然是想发出信号。故选C。]
6．C [contact联系；notice注意到；thank感谢；recognize认出。根据上文“He shouted ‘you have a flat tyre’．”可知，女士听到对方的提醒之后应当是表示感谢。故选C。]
7．B [slightly轻微地；completely完全地；accidentally意外地；hardly几乎不。根据前文“you have a flat tyre”“I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up(打气)—the tyre...but no”和后文“flat”可知，轮胎已经无法通过充气来解决问题，说明它是完全瘪了。故选B。]
8．A [follow跟随；walk步行；guide引导；hurry急忙。根据后文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was ________ when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，男士为了确保她的安全，跟随她去了加油站。故选A。]
9．D [occasionally偶尔；fortunately幸运地；eventually最终；initially最初。根据后文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was __________when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，最初她以为他们只是来加油的，后来才知道他们是来帮忙的。故选D。]
10．B [puzzled困惑的；astonished惊讶的；amused觉得好笑的；panicked惊慌的。根据前文“she thought they were to fill up petrol”和后文“when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，最初她以为他们只是来加油的，当男士及其儿子主动提出帮助时，她感到非常惊讶。故选B。]
11．A [accident事故；mess混乱；conflict冲突；adventure冒险。根据前文“‘...it was ________ flat，’ the mum said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car...”可知，这里指的是男士及其儿子不希望她和孩子发生交通事故。故选A。]
12．C [flat瘪的；fancy花哨的；spare备用的；unique独特的。根据后文“Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son”可知，Ron问这位妈妈是否有备用轮胎。故选C。]
13．A [blessing祝福；relief解脱；sadness悲伤；joy喜悦。根据前文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.He ________ there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知，这里指的是这个家庭的行为给社区带来了积极的影响，她认为这个家庭是社会的福气。故选A。]
14．B [belongings财产；business事务；privacy隐私；step步骤。根据前文“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s”和后文“as you never know what would come back to bite you”可知，许多人不想管别人的事。故选B。]
15．D [anxious焦虑的；contented满足的；regretful后悔的；grateful感激的。根据前文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.”和“but today I am deeply”可知，这里指的是她对他们的帮助感到感激。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.has been 2.countless 3.to relieve 4.into 5.whose
6．the 7.is carried 8.itself 9.illustrating 10.advances选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 Lessons in life
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·河北邯郸三模)
“Individuals of all ages who have empathy understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt，” says Barbara Greenberg，a clinical psychologist in Connecticut.“Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie，she explains，spares people from unnecessary hurt.
At the same time，Dr.Julia Breur，a marriage and family therapist in Florida，emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone.The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to.For example，she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is，can eventually face stressful experiences.When that parent eventually passes away，the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken.
Sometimes，telling white lies often depends on the situation，Dr.Breur says.For example，consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months.The daughter has gained noticeable weight，yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great.“I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning，” Dr.Breur says.“So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight，it can be acceptable.It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness，protection and ①unconditional love.Otherwise，white lies—especially when told to avoid personal ②accountability—can start a cycle of mistrust between people，ultimately compromising integrity，” she adds.
Therefore，it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth，and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response.More often than not，it’s about finding a balance between the two.
1．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg
A．They are short-lived.
B．They are unidentifiable.
C．They are trouble-making.
D．They are common.
2．What message does Dr.Breur deliver in paragraph 2
A. White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners.
B．We must respond to our family members truthfully.
C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent.
D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients.
3．What is Dr.Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in paragraph 3
A．Uncaring. B．Critical.
C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. East or West，White Lies Are the Best
B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies
C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love
D．White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice
语境猜词 ①unconditional(派)＝un＋condition＋al ____________________ ②accountability(派)＝account＋ability ____________________
B
(2025·山东泰安模拟预测)
While most coffee shops offer free Wi-Fi connections to get more customers，Offline Club，a ①pop-up cafe in Amsterdam，offers a different connection where a Wi-Fi signal is unnecessary.Upon entering，its members leave their devices behind，grab a coffee，and enjoy a 90s’ atmosphere.
Ilya Kneppelhout，who started the Offline Club，said that the club is for people overwhelmed by their busy lives and constant notifications，according to Inside Edition.He added that their members want to cut down on their social media and screen time and focus on in-person connections—a simple idea，but participants enjoy it.
One of their members said，“Being with the club makes you feel present in a way you didn’t expect”．“It felt a bit like travelling in time and made me feel nostalgic(怀旧的) about the way bars and cafes used to be because nowadays，those are places we’re only going to with friends and people we already know and spend time doing digital things like work，” another member added.
The founders believe this concept could work in other cities，too.Kneppelhout stated that they want to spread the idea worldwide.“Right now，we’re getting together with a franchising concept，and we hope to have ②offline detox events in the entire world for people to reconnect，” he said.
Meanwhile，the Internet and computers are deeply integrated into our lives.Being addicted to the Internet can hurt you in different ways，both in body and emotions.Given this，the digital detox provided by the Offline Club could be helpful for individuals who feel they spend too much time online.It’s a chance to reduce stress and focus more on talking to people.It also helps stop us from becoming too reliant on technology.Ultimately，a digital detox is about stepping back to connect with what really matters.
5．Why did Ilya Kneppelhout start the Offline Club
A．To ease life pressure.
B．To refuse social media.
C．To attract more customers.
D．To encourage real interaction.
6．How did the members feel about the club
A. Content with the club.
B．Worried about the club.
C．Tired of the visit to the club.
D．Scared of the club’s atmosphere.
7．What can we draw from Ilya Kneppelhout’s words
A. People in the club deny real bonds.
B．He expects the world can reconnect.
C．People have been disturbed by the club.
D．The club has been a hit in other cities.
8．What do the underlined words “the digital detox” mean in the last paragraph
A. Avoiding online communication.
B．Resisting the use of digital device.
C．Taking a break from the Internet.
D．Surfing the Internet for information.
语境猜词 ①pop-up(合)＝pop＋up ____________________ ②offline(合)＝off＋line ____________________
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东名校联盟模拟预测)
The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them.As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss，①look for the silver linings. 1
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination.You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn’t know you possessed to overcome the challenges. 2 That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
Coming out the other side of troublesome times gives you a fresh outlook.Priorities shift. 3 You have a deeper appreciation for life’s simple moments and clarity about what matters.Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day. 4 The old way of doing things no longer works，so you must rebuild and reimagine your life.Though change is hard，it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures.Look at this as a chance for a fresh start.You can pursue new dreams or make a long-wished-for switch in your situation.The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives.You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens.Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties. 5 Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A．Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B．They’re there if you are bent on searching for them.
C．Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D．Storms shape us，but the silver linings make us suffer.
E．What seemed important before now ②pales in comparison.
F．Now you know you have the inner power to ③weather storms.
G．This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
语境猜词 ①look for the silver linings ②pale in comparison ③weather(熟义：n.天气) 生义(文义)：
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏南通模拟预测)
I recently retired from twenty-three ①fulfilling years as a classroom teacher.I always 1 my success in hugs and smiles from my students，not by data and test scores.I always 2 that I would have a positive influence on each of the young lives.
One day，I was standing in the checkout line of a local grocery store when I heard a 3 voice behind me，“Excuse me，miss，but I think you were my seventh grade teacher.” I turned and had to 4 the speaker，a young man well over six feet tall.
He told me his name，and I 5 remembered which class he had been in，and even how he had 6 reading.We 7 briefly，and I asked what he was doing these days.“I am going to college，” he answered.“I want to be a 8 teacher.” “Wait a minute，” I said.“The Eddie I remember 9 to read.”
“Yes，ma’am.That was me.Because of how you never gave up on me，I now 10 I can make a difference，” he continued.“If you had not made me realize I had some 11 ，if you had not believed in me and if you had not 12 me，I would never have gone to college.”
I know how 13 one teacher can impact the life of a person who does not believe in himself.We may never know how much influence we have had on them，but when a 14 student reaches out and says，“Thank you，” I feel a sense of 15 that will ②accompany me for the rest of my life.
1．A.celebrated B．shared
C．measured D．achieved
2．A.predicted B．explained
C．confirmed D．prayed
3．A.curious B．hesitant
C．plain D．sweet
4．A.look up at B．hold on to
C．catch up with D．get away from
5．A.instantly B．temporarily
C．secretly D．doubtfully
6．A.anticipated B．fancied
C．practised D．hated
7．A.looked B．joked
C．chatted D．debated
8．A.music B．reading
C．business D．sports
9．A.refused B．intended
C．preferred D．promised
10．A.deny B．believe
C．complain D．declare
11．A.privilege B．weaknesses
C．potential D．questions
12．A.entertained B．stopped
C．attracted D．encouraged
13．A.precisely B．powerfully
C．thoroughly D．fearfully
14．A.former B．courageous
C．naughty D．troublesome
15．A.growth B．desire
C．warmth D．signal
语境猜词 ①fulfilling(派)＝fulfill＋ing ____________________ ②accompany(派)＝ac＋company ____________________
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·湖北武汉三模)
Qinqiang Opera is a local Chinese opera that mainly thrives(繁荣) in northwest China’s Shaanxi Province，as well as its neighboring regions，like Gansu and Qinghai Provinces.It has the most ancient and 1.____________________(large) musical system of all Chinese operas.
2．____________________(arise) from local folk songs and dance forms in the Yellow River Valley,3.____________________ is the birthplace of Chinese culture，the opera first appeared in the Qin Dynasty.4.____________________(it) time-honored history has offered Qinqiang Opera a reputation 5.____________________ the ①forefather of Chinese operas.
Its contents usually feature such themes as anti-aggression(反侵略) wars，as well as a number of other 6.____________________(topic) of strong human interest that reflect the characteristics of local people.
Qinqiang Opera is also one of the earliest ②operatic musical systems to reflect the emotions of human beings.7.____________________(equip) with a set of performing skills created by the artists，Qinqiang Opera has influenced other operatic forms for long.During the Qing Dynasty，Qinqiang Opera entered Beijing and 8.____________________(direct) affected the formation of Peking Opera.Qinqiang Opera thrived during 9.____________________ rule of Emperor Qianlong when Qinqiang troupes(剧团) 10.____________________(distribute) throughout the country.
语境猜词 ①forefather(合)＝fore＋father ____________________ ②operatic(派)＝opera＋tic ____________________
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.无条件的 ②n.责任
B．①adj.临时的 ②adj.线下的，离线的
Ⅱ.①寻找一线希望 ②相形见绌；显得逊色 ③v.经受住，平安度过
Ⅲ.①adj.使人满足的，令人愉快的 ②v.陪同；伴随
Ⅳ.①n.祖先；前辈 ②adj.歌剧的；歌剧风格的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，主要阐述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.”可知，根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法，善意的谎言很常见。故选D。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time，Dr.Julia Breur...emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone.The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to.”可知，善意的谎言会给说谎者和听者都带来伤害。故选A。]
3．C [观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning，’Dr.Breur says.‘So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight，it can be acceptable.It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness，protection and unconditional love...’ she adds.”可知，Breur博士对第三段中那位母亲的做法持支持态度，她认为它反映了善意谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。故选C。]
4．B [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段可知，本文主要讲了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Ilya Kneppelhout创办线下俱乐部，来鼓励人们进行真正的互动。
5．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He added that their members want to cut down on their social media and screen time and focus on in-person connections—a simple idea，but participants enjoy it.”可知，Ilya Kneppelhout创办线下俱乐部是为了鼓励真正的互动。故选D。]
6．A [推理判断题。根据第三段“One of their members said，‘Being with the club makes you feel present in a way you didn’t expect’．‘It felt a bit like travelling in time and made me feel nostalgic(怀旧的) about the way bars and cafes used to be...’ another member added.”可知，会员们对俱乐部感到满意。故选A。]
7．B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Right now，we’re getting together with a franchising concept，and we hope to have offline detox events in the entire world for people to reconnect，’ he said.”可知，他希望世界能够重新连接起来。故选B。]
8．C [词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Being addicted to the Internet can hurt you in different ways，both in body and emotions...”以及后文“be helpful for individuals who feel they spend too much time online...”可知，暂时不上网对于花太多时间上网的人有帮助，故画线词“the digital detox”意为“暂时不上网”。故选C。]
Ⅱ.1.B 2.F 3.E 4.A 5.C
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文叙述了作者最近从23年充实的教师生涯退休了，一天一个以前教过的学生向作者表达了感激，作者感到一种温暖，这种温暖将伴随作者的余生。
1．C [celebrate庆祝；share分享；measure测量，衡量；achieve完成。根据下文“my success in hugs and smiles from my students，not by data and test scores”可知，作者用学生的拥抱和微笑而非数据和成绩来衡量自己的成功。故选C。]
2．D [predict预测；explain解释；confirm确认；pray祈祷。根据下文“I would have a positive influence on each of the young lives”可知，这是作者祈祷的内容。故选D。]
3．B [curious好奇的；hesitant犹豫的；plain简单的，朴素的；sweet甜蜜的。根据下文“Excuse me，miss，but I think you were my seventh grade teacher.”可知，多年不见老师，年轻人也不确定，所以是犹豫的。故选B。]
4．A [look up at向上看；hold on to抓紧；catch up with赶上；get away from逃离。根据下文“a young man well over six feet tall”可知，年轻人较高，所以作者要抬头看他。故选A。]
5．A [instantly立即；temporarily暂时地；secretly秘密地；doubtfully怀疑地。根据上文“He told me his name”和下文“and even”可知，作者的记忆力很好，他一说名字，作者立刻记起了他。故选A。]
6．D [anticipate期望；fancy想要，认为；practise实践；hate讨厌。根据下文“The Eddie I remember ________ to read.”和“Because of how you never gave up on me”可知，这个学生原本讨厌阅读，但作者一直没有放弃他。故选D。]
7．C [look看；joke开玩笑；chat聊天；debate辩论。根据下文“I asked what he was doing these days”可知，他们聊了一会儿。故选C。]
8．B [music音乐；reading阅读；business商业；sports运动。根据下文“Wait a minute”和“The Eddie I remember ______ to read.”可知，他原本讨厌阅读，现在却想成为一名阅读老师，这让作者震惊。故选B。]
9．A [refuse拒绝；intend打算；prefer更喜欢；promise承诺。根据上文“even how he had ________ reading”可知，艾迪拒绝阅读。故选A。]
10．B [deny否认；believe相信；complain抱怨；declare宣称。根据上文“Because of how you never gave up on me”可知，老师没有放弃他，所以他相信自己可以有所作为。故选B。]
11．C [privilege特权；weakness弱点；potential 潜力；question问题。根据下文“if you had not believed in me”可知，作者一直相信他，这使他意识到自己有潜力。故选C。]
12．D [entertain娱乐；stop阻止；attract吸引；encourage鼓励。根据上文“believed in”可知，此处指鼓励。故选D。]
13．B [precisely精确地；powerfully强有力地；thoroughly全面地；fearfully吓人地。根据上文“If you had not made me realize I had some ________，if you had not believed in me and if you had not ________ me，I would never have gone to college.”可知，老师对学生的影响力是巨大的。故选B。]
14．A [former以前的；courageous有勇气的；naughty淘气的；troublesome讨厌的。根据上文“Excuse me，miss，but I think you were my seventh grade teacher.”可知，此处指以前的学生。故选A。]
15．C [growth生长；desire愿望；warmth 温暖；signal信号。根据上文“Thank you”可知，作者收到学生的感谢时应是感到温暖。故选C。]
Ⅳ.1.largest 2.Arising 3.which 4.Its 5.as 6.topics
7．Equipped 8.directly 9.the 10.were distributed选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 The world meets China
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·江苏南通三模)
Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a ①genetic component of human behavior.Whatever it is，you cannot but recognize the effect competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life.
Psychologically speaking，competition has been seen as an ②unavoidable consequence of human drives.According to Sigmund Freud，humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas.Initially，we compete for the attention of our parents.
Current work in anthropology(人类学) has suggested，however，that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be a fallacy.Thomas Hobbes，one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century，is perhaps best remembered for his ③characterization of the “natural world”，that is，the world before the introduction of the will of humanity，as being unpleasant and short.This opinion is still widely held，reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work，The Origin of Species，which established the doctrine(学说) of natural selection.Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest”—a phrase Darwin himself never used—further highlighting competition’s role in success.As it has often been pointed out，however，there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest”．Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation.
Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition rather than other values，such as cooperation，and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural，unavoidable，and desirable.In 1937，the ④world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition Among Primitive Peoples，based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition，and，in fact，seemed at times to place a negative value on it.One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona，and they，Mead found，valued cooperation far more than competition.After studying dozens of such cultures，Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior，and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it.
1．What does the author think is commonly seen in many areas of contemporary life
A. The influence of competition.
B．The origin of human drive.
C．The reasons for human behaviour.
D．The disagreement on competition.
2．What does the underlined part “a fallacy” in the third paragraph mean
A．A false idea. B．A hard nut.
C．A losing battle. D．A mixed blessing.
3．What can we learn from Darwin’s words in The Origin of Species
A. All species depend on others for survival.
B．The strongest species proves to be the fittest.
C．Struggles for survival include support of each other.
D．Competition is looked on as the best survival strategy.
4．What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach
A. It is characteristic of humans to be competitive.
B．Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation.
C．Competition is relatively more popular in Western societies.
D．People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound.
语境猜词 ①genetic(派)＝gene＋tic ____________________ ②unavoidable(派)＝un＋avoid＋able ____________________ ③characterization(派)＝character＋iz(e)＋ation ____________________ ④world-renowned(合)＝world＋renowned ____________________
B
People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past.Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances.It is a vital part of our identity.So is culture，the way of life specific to a group of people.
Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text，oral traditions，monuments and other symbols.Cultural memory is often amassed in objects，such as museums or historical monuments.To understand culture，humans access a mass of cultural symbols，such as books.Artifacts of the past provide insights into where we came from.Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly ①boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture.Cultural memory is the longest-lasting form of memory.
Like all forms of memory，cultural memory has important functions.For example，it makes the experiences a nation owns clear.It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong.Besides，it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members.The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone(经历) by groups of victims.For example，in Russia，their role in World War Ⅱ—in which tens of millions of Russians were killed—is still an important part of modern Russian identity.Because all groups have cultural memory，it can bring about a spirit of ②resistance or survival among threatened groups.
The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past，whether it is good or bad.Rather，it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again.Aleida Assmann，a professor who has worked on memory theory since the 1960s，calls this “remembering forward”．Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces of what worked in the past.
5．What is the function of the first paragraph
A. Reporting a discovery of cultural memory.
B．Leading to the concept of cultural memory.
C．Introducing the importance of memory in identity.
D．Making a connection between memory and culture.
6．Which does the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Stored. B．Overlooked.
C．Evaluated. D．Created.
7．What does the example of Russia mentioned in paragraph 3 indicate
A. The features of cultural memory.
B．The formation of cultural memory.
C．The role of big events in Russian identity.
D．The impact of cultural memory on identity.
8．What is cultural memory mainly expected to do
A. Pass previous wisdom down.
B．Keep traces of history.
C．Get people to know about the past.
D．Remind people of their identity.
语境猜词 ①boundless(派)＝bound＋less ____________________ ②resistance(派)＝resist＋ance ____________________
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·湖南模拟预测)
①Behavioral scientists have found that good listening is one of the most important things we can do to improve our relationships. 1 At its core，listening in a one-on-one conversation is about taking an interest in another person and making him/her feel understood. 2 But some recurring(重复出现的) features include attentiveness，conveying understanding，and showing a positive intention towards the speaker.
In addition to actively attending to a speaker’s words，good listeners also use questions and body language that indicate their understanding and their desire to understand.This might feel awkward at first，and what’s most effective might depend on your relationship with the speaker. 3 Another great way to show your understanding is by summarizing what you just heard and asking if you have missed anything.Summaries like this show the speaker that you’re truly trying to understand him/her rather than just waiting for your turn to talk.But while a good conversation requires back and forth，planning out your response while the speaker is talking is a common way to miss what’s being said. 4 This might feel embarrassing，but asking for ②clarification actually shows that you’re committed to understanding.
5 It’s okay to ask for a moment to formulate your response and taking a beat to think can help speakers reflect on their speech as well.
These might seem like small changes，but together they make a big difference.And when people feel heard，they report more satisfaction，trust，and connection in their relationships.
A．Finally，don’t be afraid of silence.
B．So，what can we do to become better listeners
C．It’s possible to know what truly excellent listening looks like.
D．But with time and practice，you can internalize these basic behaviors.
E．There’s no universally agreed-upon definition of high-quality listening.
F．Researchers have found that smiling and nodding at set intervals doesn’t quite work.
G．So try to stay present and if you lose focus，don’t be shy about asking the speaker to repeat what you missed.
语境猜词 ①behavioral(派)＝behavior＋al ②clarification(派)＝clarif(y)＋ication
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Lauren Schroeder was volunteering at a community food bank at age 14.As she filled bags with 1 groceries，she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes，but she didn’t see anything 2 and healthy to give to families in need.
Inspired to make a 3 ，she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm，so that people could get the 4 they needed.Although they were 5 ，her parents made her aware of how much work it would take.Still，the teenager was up for the 6 .
Lauren managed to receive a(n) 7 from a youth organization to pay for seeds and gardening 8 .She did a lot of research online to find out what plants 9 and what didn’t，what needed shade，and which ones needed more water.Over the hot and dry summer，she 10 her crops for weeds and watered them by hand every day.Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of ①produce that she then 11 gave away to local food banks，a soup kitchen，and a nursing home.
More 12 than ever，she relaunched her project，②doubling the size of her garden and 13 her vegetable selection.So far，she has spent over 1,000 hours working in her garden and donated 7,000 pounds of home-grown produce.
“I love 14 ，” said Lauren，now 17.“Many people help you out，but it makes more 15 when you help other people out.”
1．A.preserved B．donated
C．selected D．traded
2．A.necessary B．beautiful
C．valuable D．fresh
3．A.change B．request
C．choice D．profit
4．A.guidance B．information
C．nutrition D．service
5．A.supportive B．doubtful
C．protective D．mindful
6．A.competition B．performance
C．assignment D．challenge
7．A.invitation B．fund
C．opinion D．certificate
8．A.methods B．products
C．tools D．lessons
9．A.worked B．developed
C．happened D．improved
10．A.arranged B．checked
C．prepared D．exchanged
11．A.carefully B．secretly
C．temporarily D．generously
12．A.amused B．relieved
C．motivated D．exhausted
13．A.expanding B．assessing
C．presenting D．defending
14．A.moving on B．weighing up
C．showing off D．giving back
15．A.effort B．difference
C．money D．progress
语境猜词 ①produce(熟义：v.生产，制造) 生义(文义)：____________________ ②double(转)adj.→v.____________________
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The core value of Chinese traditional culture is the concept of harmony.Harmony is，in fact，a complete cultural system that consists of not only 1.____________________ (value) but also a philosophy with its own world ①outlook.Harmony means “proper and balanced cooperation between things”．
2．____________________ harmony at the heart，traditional Chinese principles suggest that there is a built-in dynamic in the universe that turns ②imbalance into balance.This concept，deeply 3.____________________(mix) into the history of Chinese society，advocates for a balanced and 4.____________________(peace) ③coexistence within the individual，between people，and between humanity and nature.
At the centre of Chinese cultural harmony is the belief in the interconnectedness of all things.It 5.________________(reflect) in various aspects of Chinese life，from the emphasis on family unity 6._______________ social bond to the practice of traditional arts and the governance of the state.
The significance of harmony in Chinese culture cannot be ④overstated.It has shaped China’s approach to international relations，7.____________________(highlight) harmonious coexistence and shared benefit.In taking care of the environment,8.____________________ inspires efforts to live according to natural cycles and to respect all forms of life.Moreover，the concept of harmony,9.____________________ has enabled China to maintain social stability and cultural consistency despite the challenges of history，offers a model for settling conflicts and promoting a sense of community and belonging.As the world becomes 10.____________________(steady) interconnected，the principles of Chinese cultural harmony offer valuable insights for creating a more balanced and sustainable global society.
语境猜词 ①outlook(合)＝out＋look ____________________ ②imbalance(派)＝im＋balance ____________________ ③coexistence(派)＝co＋existence ____________________ ④overstate(派)＝over＋state ____________________
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.遗传的；基因的 ②adj.不可避免的 ③n.特性描述 ④adj.世界著名的
B．①adj.无限的；无止境的 ②n.反抗；抵抗
Ⅱ.①adj.行为的 ②n.澄清，阐明
Ⅲ.①n.农产品 ②加倍
Ⅳ.①n.观点，见解 ②n.不平衡；失调 ③n.共处；共存 ④v.夸大
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了竞争在人类行为中的根源，指出心理学界对竞争先天性与后天性的争议。通过引用不同学者的观点，如弗洛伊德、霍布斯、达尔文及人类学家米德的研究，说明竞争并非人类行为不可避免的结果，而是文化塑造的产物，其重要性视具体社会价值观而定。
1．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whatever it is，you cannot but recognize the effect competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life.”可知，作者认为人们可以在当代生活的许多领域中看到竞争的影响。故选A。]
2．A [词义猜测题。画线部分所在句上文“Psychologically speaking，competition has been seen as an unavoidable consequence of human drives.According to Sigmund Freud...”表明，从心理学层面讲，竞争一直被认为是人类本能需求的不可避免的结果，并引用了西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的观点进行佐证。结合however表转折可知，画线部分所在句是在表达与上文相反的观点，即人类学家现今的研究暗示了之前对于竞争在人类行为中所扮演的角色的观点可能是错误的。故a fallacy的含义为“一个错误的想法”。故选A。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据第三段中“Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing...couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation.”可推知，达尔文的话意在表明生存斗争中包含了相互支持的成分。故选C。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“After studying dozens of such cultures...and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it.”可推知，人们对待竞争的态度实际上与文化有关。故选D。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化记忆的定义和功能。
5．B [推理判断题。根据第一段“People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past...So is culture，the way of life specific to a group of people.”以及第二段首句“Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past...monuments and other symbols.”可推断，第一段提到了文化与记忆的共同点，是为了引出文化记忆的概念。故选B。]
6．A [词义猜测题。根据第二段画线单词下文“To understand culture，humans access a mass of cultural symbols，such as books.Artifacts of the past provide insights into where we came from.”可推测，画线词所在句子指的是“文化记忆通常储存在博物馆或历史纪念碑等物品中”，画线词与A项“存储”意义相近。故选A。]
7．D [推理判断题。根据第三段中“Besides，it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members...is still an important part of modern Russian identity.”可知，文化记忆尤其是集体创伤能够创造并传承共同的身份认同，故推知俄罗斯的例子是用来说明文化记忆对身份认同的影响。故选D。]
8．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The main function of cultural memory...is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again.”可知，文化记忆主要被期望用来传承过去的智慧以避免重复犯同样的错误。故选A。]
Ⅱ.1.B 2.E 3.D 4.G 5.A
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Lauren Schroeder 14岁时在社区食品银行做志愿者期间受到启发开始自己的菜园项目，为需要帮助的家庭提供新鲜健康的蔬菜。
1．B [preserved可保存的；donated捐赠的；selected挑选的；traded交易的。根据上文“volunteering at a community food bank”和“As she filled bags”可知，Lauren Schroeder是在社区食品银行做志愿者，为有需要的家庭分发食物，所以她装的这些食物应该是人们捐赠给食品银行的，故选B。]
2．D [necessary必要的；beautiful美丽的；valuable有价值的；fresh新鲜的。根据上文“she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes”可知，Lauren Schroeder 发现捐赠的食品中大多是罐装和盒装的，由此可推知她没有看到新鲜的食物，故选D。]
3．A [change改变；request请求；choice选择；profit利润。根据下文“she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm”可知，Lauren Schroeder 告诉父母她想在自家农场开辟一个菜园，这是她受到启发后想要做出的改变，故选A。]
4．C [guidance指导；information信息；nutrition营养；service服务。根据上文“she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes，but she didn’t see anything ____ and healthy to give to families in need”可知，Lauren Schroeder没有看到任何健康的食物可以提供给有需要的家庭，所以她想开辟一个菜园，种植一些新鲜健康的蔬菜，让人们得到所需的营养，故选C。]
5．A [supportive支持的；doubtful怀疑的；protective保护的；mindful留心的。根据上文中的Although和下文“her parents made her aware of how much work it would take”可知，她的父母对她的想法是支持的，但也让她知道了其中的困难，故选A。]
6．D [competition竞争；performance表现；assignment任务；challenge挑战。根据上文“her parents made her aware of how much work it would take”可知，实现想法需要付出很多努力，这对她来说是一个挑战，故选D。]
7．B [invitation邀请；fund资金；opinion观点；certificate证书。根据下文“to pay for seeds and gardening ________”可知，Lauren 获得了一个青年组织的资助，用于支付各种费用，故选B。]
8．C [method方法；product产品；tool工具；lesson课程。根据上文“to pay for seeds and gardening”可知，Lauren获得的资助是用于购买种子和园艺用具，故选C。]
9．A [work奏效，起作用；develop发展；happen发生；improve改进。根据上文“She did a lot of research online”可知，Lauren在网上做了很多研究，了解哪些植物适合种植，哪些不适合，故选A。]
10．B [arrange安排；check检查；prepare准备；exchange交换。根据下文“for weeds”可知，Lauren 整个夏天都会检查庄稼有没有草，check...for...意为“检查……是否有……”，故选B。]
11．D [carefully仔细地；secretly秘密地；temporarily暂时地；generously慷慨地。根据下文“gave away to local food banks，a soup kitchen，and a nursing home”可知，Lauren将40磅的农产品捐赠给了当地的食品银行、施粥所和养老院，这说明她很慷慨，故选D。]
12．C [amused被逗乐的；relieved宽慰的；motivated有动力的；exhausted疲惫的。根据下文“she relaunched her project，doubling the size of her garden”可知，Lauren 重新启动了她的项目，将菜园面积扩大了一倍，这说明她比以前更有动力了，故选C。]
13．A [expand扩大，增加；assess评估；present呈现；defend防守。根据上文“doubling the size of her garden”可知，Lauren 将她的菜园面积扩大了一倍，所以此处应该是增加了蔬菜的种类，故选A。]
14．D [move on继续前进；weigh up权衡；show off炫耀；give back回馈。根据上文描述的Lauren开辟菜园并将所得慷慨捐出可知，Lauren喜欢回馈社会，故选D。]
15．B [effort努力；difference差异；money金钱；progress进步。根据上文“Many people help you out，but it makes more”可知，Lauren认为帮助别人会产生更大的影响，make a difference意为“有影响”，故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.values 2.With 3.mixed 4.peaceful 5.is reflected
6．and 7.highlighting 8.it 9.which 10.steadily选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Everyday economics
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·山西太原三模)
Walking into the ①on-campus barbershop CutzbyOzzy，the student customers will be greeted by Alexander Garcia with clippers in hand，a barber chair，a full professional clipping set，and customers chatting about the latest DJ set in the background.
Garcia started cutting hair during his junior year of high school.He spent his time learning from barber videos about different hairstyles.That learning took trial and error，and he spent his time practicing on his younger cousin，but he never intended it to be a business.
He came into college as an Electrical and Computer Engineering major and spent his time in the students’ associations，working as a part-time DJ.His journey of cutting hair on campus began in the second year，with mainly roommates and close friends coming in for a cut and a chat，but his hobby fully developed into CutzbyOzzy earlier this year.Barbers in the city are expensive，he noticed，especially for college students，which pushed him to expand his hobby to a private business.
Garcia is busy，with appointments made usually a week in advance.Customers can pay $18 for a full haircut and $5 for a line-up.His business grows mostly through the ②word-of-mouth of his customers，who are mainly first-years.“Seeing that most of the customers are freshmen，I like to give them advice，try to explain my own experience and promote student organizations because I feel that enhances my experience，” he said.“I lead them through things I encounter on the way—internships(实习)，scholarships，job opportunities，and questions.”
To Garcia，it’s about creating the feel of walking into an actual barbershop；it’s about offering instructions and friendship to his customers.He’s found over time that these students start breaking out of their shells and coming to him with their problems.
“I can just never ③stay put，” he said.“I always like to try different things in different fields.Apart from being an engineer，the barbershop is truly my life.”
1．What inspired Garcia to start his barbershop business
A．His hobby as a part-time DJ.
B．The real demand from his friends.
C．The high cost of haircut in the city.
D．His barbering experience in high school.
2．What helps Garcia’s business grow
A．Discounts for the freshmen.
B．Recommendation by customers.
C．Advertisements via social media.
D．Partnership with local barbershops.
3．How does Garcia distinguish from other barbers in the city
A. He keeps his barbershop better-equipped.
B．He provides a wider selection of hairstyles.
C．He shares more practical guidance for students.
D．He introduces more job opportunities to graduates.
4．Which of the following can best describe Garcia
A．Ambitious and adventurous.
B．Multitalented and supportive.
C．Knowledgeable and intelligent.
D．Business-minded and fame-seeking.
语境猜词 ①on-campus(合)＝on＋campus ____________________ ②word-of-mouth(合)＝word＋of＋mouth ____________________ ③stay put ____________________
B
(2025·浙江金华模拟预测)
Cathy Winston is a sports ①nutritionist.Among her ②regulars are athletes.Cathy thrives on the variety，with each new sport providing new challenges and a renewed appreciation of her chosen field of expertise.In her view，dealing with athletes from various sport backgrounds helps her become ③seasoned，which is a key part of being a successful nutritionist.“You have to understand nutrition and people，and then you can begin to work in this field，” she says.“Besides，in tennis you must learn to be reactive，because you don’t know how long the match lasts.However，it’s 90 minutes in football.So you know what you’re fueling for.”
Regardless of the sport，Cathy’s attitude remains the same—any athlete failing to respect nutrition is one who is failing to fulfill their potential.It’s a key part of the training process.It’s not just something that you take casually.She advises her athletes to hold nutrition in the same regard as they do their most crucial bit of equipment.“Just as you wouldn’t forget to put your shin pads(护腿板) or your boots in your kit bag，don’t forget to put in your drinks and your snacks.That informs how well you train，because you can’t get out if you haven’t put in.”
Nutritionists are sometimes unfairly represented as militant(斗志昂扬的) types telling what athletes can and can’t eat.But Cathy insists that when to eat is more important than what.“It’s about when’s the right time to have it in，” she says.It’s a message that Cathy says can take a while to sink in.“A lot of boxers say，‘but bananas make you fat，right？’，and there’s this inherent belief that we mustn’t eat those kinds of things.But it’s not about what to cut out.It’s about making sure that you’ve got the foundation right for health and performance.It’s that one size fits one.It’s what works for you.To be an excellent athlete，you really need to be an exceptional eater.”
5．What does Cathy think about her job
A. It highly values experience and flexibility.
B．It mainly focuses on the duration of matches.
C．It merely needs to understand nutrition and people.
D．It hardly faces new challenges in every competition.
6．How does Cathy emphasize the importance of nutrition to athletes
A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison.
C．By providing data. D．By analyzing a phenomenon.
7．According to Cathy，what is a fundamental principle behind successful sports nutrition
A. Focusing on the timing of the diet.
B．Increasing the variety of foods.
C．Following a strict and militant diet plan.
D．Cutting out specific foods from the diet.
8．What does the author intend to tell us
A. A good eater is a great athlete.
B．Nutritionists act as unsung heroes behind athletes.
C．Nutrition determines the results in the competition.
D．Food is less important than skills in the sports field.
语境猜词 ①nutritionist(派)＝nutrition＋ist ____________________ ②regular(熟义：adj.定期的，规律的) 生义(文义)：____________________ ③seasoned(派)＝season＋ed ____________________
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
According to the World Economic Forum，by 2050，soft skills such as complex problem-solving，critical thinking，creativity，and emotional intelligence will be among the most important ones required in the workplace. 1 The following will give you some insight into this.
2 A report by iCIMS Hiring Insights found that 94 percent of employers believe an employee with stronger soft skills has a better chance of being promoted to a leadership position than an employee with more years of experience but weaker soft skills.It’s become vital to develop these skills if you want to progress in your career as they will set you apart from others at the interview and on the job.
The modern workplace is ①interpersonal.Skills such as active listening，cooperation，presenting ideas clearly and communicating with colleagues effectively are all highly valued in the modern workplace. 3 And that is a key element for organizations in an increasingly competitive world.
Customers and clients demand soft skills.Thanks to the development of online shopping，consumers these days have a huge number of choices as to where to buy the desired items.Online shopping makes convenience and low prices quite easy to come by and customer service is what really affects customers’ choosing a particular business. 4
The future workplace will rely on soft skills.Advances in technology，such as artificial intelligence，have caused tasks that required hard skills to decline，making soft skills a key differentiator (差别因素) in the workplace.An ②authoritative study predicts that soft skill-intensive occupations will account for two-thirds of all jobs by 2030. 5 Companies such as Virtual Speech are ③resolving this by using VR as a way to improve soft skills.
A．They are also useful in our personal lives.
B．Soft skills are helpful to career development.
C．The term “soft skills” covers a wide range of skills.
D．Thus it is vital to have good communication with customers.
E．But it’s difficult to teach soft skills and track the improvements.
F．Strong soft skills contribute to a productive and healthy work environment.
G．Perhaps you are wondering how they play a big role in our professional lives.
语境猜词 ①interpersonal(派)＝inter＋person＋al ②authoritative(派)＝authorit(y)＋a＋tive ③resolve(熟义：v.下决心) 生义(文义)：
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Asli Samanci，a food scientist，was driven by her childhood dream of becoming a scientist，leading her to pursue a career in food science.“It 1 everything：biology，microbiology and chemistry all together，” Samanci said.
With this passion，she established a company that 2 health products made from propolis(蜂胶)，a natural substance produced by bees.Samanci’s dedication to 3 is evident in every step of her product development process.“All products are 4 by science，” Samanci said.
The 5 behind Samanci’s venture also lies in her son，who experienced frequent health issues during his early years.Upon a doctor’s recommendation，she 6 propolis as a means to help strengthen her son’s immune system.However，not 7 with the products on the market，Samanci worked 8 with a beekeeper to ①craft the ideal solution for her son’s needs.Gradually，Samanci has made her ②specialized products 9 to a broader range of consumers.
Meanwhile，Samanci and her beekeeping partners have witnessed a significant 10 in the bee population.Recognizing that 80% of all plants rely on bees for pollination(授粉)，this development has proved to contribute to 11 nature.Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model，where 12 can make a positive impact on the environment.And she urges all entrepreneurs and scientists to find that 13 .Samanci says，“To get something from nature in a(n) 14 way，we urge more food scientists and agricultural scientists to join us. 15 ，nature will not give us anymore.”
1．A.accomplishes B．combines
C．processes D．maintains
2．A.took up B．brought about
C．held back D．put off
3．A.purchase B．delivery
C．quality D．service
4．A.limited B．denied
C．revealed D．backed
5．A.regulation B．inspiration
C．sample D．mystery
6．A.explored B．exported
C．refused D．permitted
7．A.patient B．consistent
C．cautious D．content
8．A.equally B．violently
C．directly D．temporarily
9．A.accessible B．similar
C．responsible D．essential
10．A.damage B．rise
C．change D．loss
11．A.conquering B．discovering
C．impressing D．preserving
12．A.scientists B．beekeepers
C．entrepreneurs D．consumers
13．A.balance B．opportunity
C．fault D．reason
14．A.extraordinary B．sustainable
C．lively D．decent
15．A.Altogether B．Anyhow
C．Moreover D．Otherwise
语境猜词 ①craft(转)n.→v.____________________ ②specialized(派)＝special＋iz(e)＋ed ____________________
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·山东日照二模)
Volha Halpyarovich，from Belarus,1._____________(experience) the healing power of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a child.“When I caught a cold or had a cough，my mom used to make a cupping，a technique that involves placing cups on the skin 2.___________(create) suction(吸力)，” said Halpyarovich.
After she moved to China over 12 years ago，she became even more crazy about Chinese medicine.Living in a community with a ①drugstore 3._____________ Chinese traditional herbs and medicine were sold，Halpyarovich met an experienced doctor.The wise old gentleman began with a thorough diagnosis，checking her pulse，examining her tongue，and observing her eyes.To her surprise，he accurately pointed out her health issues 4._______________ talking too much.
TCM views the body as 5._______________ universe connected with nature.It focuses on improving blood ②circulation and removing blocks,6.____________________(lead) to enhanced well-being.After following the treatment，Halpyarovich felt 7.____________________(good)．She believes that traditional Chinese medicine is not only a kind of treatment，but it’s a lifestyle.
As more people seek harmony with nature and within 8.______________(they)，Halpyarovich recommends traditional Chinese medicine.“I find it to be a complex and 9.______________(benefit) method that is in agreement with the goal of living in harmony，” she said.From ③cupping to personalized herbal treatment，she encourages others to explore the diverse and useful 10.__________________(approach) that Chinese traditional medicine has to offer.
语境猜词 ①drugstore(合)＝drug＋store ____________________ ②circulation(派)＝circulat(e)＋ion ____________________ ③cupping(派)＝cup＋p＋ing ____________________
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.校园的；校内的 ②adj.口头的；口述的 ③待在原地
B．①n.营养学家 ②n.常客 ③adj.老练的；富有经验的
Ⅱ.①adj.人际的；人与人之间的 ②adj.权威的；有威信的 ③v.解决
Ⅲ.①精心制作 ②adj.专用的
Ⅳ.①n.药房 ②n.循环；流通 ③n.拔火罐
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Alexander Garcia在大学校园内开理发店，为学生理发，同时还为他们提供实习、奖学金、工作机会等方面的建议。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Barbers in the city are expensive，he noticed，especially for college students，which pushed him to expand his hobby to a private business.”可知，本市高昂的理发费用促使Garcia自己开理发店。故选C。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His business grows mostly through the word-of-mouth of his customers，who are mainly first-years.”可知，顾客的推荐帮助Garcia的生意发展起来。故选B。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“To Garcia，it’s about creating the feel of walking into an actual barbershop；it’s about offering instructions and friendship to his customers.”可知，Garcia与其他理发师的区别在于他为学生们提供了更多实用的指导。故选C。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He came into college as an Electrical and Computer Engineering major and spent his time in the students’ associations，working as a part-time DJ.”以及第四段中的“I like to give them advice，try to explain my own experience and promote student organizations...”可知，Garcia不仅多才多艺，还乐于助人。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了营养师的工作内容、工作理念及运动员与营养之间的紧密关系。
5．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中“In her view，dealing with athletes from various sport backgrounds helps her become seasoned，which is a key part of being a successful nutritionist.”以及“Besides，in tennis you must learn to be reactive，because you don’t know how long the match lasts.However，it’s 90 minutes in football.So you know what you’re fueling for.”可推知，Cathy认为她的工作重视经验和灵活性。故选A。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据第二段中“Just as you wouldn’t forget to put your shin pads(护腿板)or your boots in your kit bag，don’t forget to put in your drinks and your snacks.”可推知，Cathy通过比较的方式强调营养的重要性。故选B。]
7．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But Cathy insists that when to eat is more important than what.”可知，Cathy认为成功的运动营养背后的基本原则是关注饮食的时间。故选A。]
8．B [写作意图题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“Regardless of the sport，Cathy’s attitude remains the same—any athlete failing to respect nutrition is one who is failing to fulfill their potential.”可知，本文主要介绍了营养师的工作内容、工作理念及运动员与营养之间的紧密关系，从而说明了营养师是运动场上运动员背后的无名英雄之一。故选B。]
Ⅱ.1.G 2.B 3.F 4.D 5.E
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了食品科学家Asli Samanci成立了一家公司，生产由蜂胶制成的保健产品，蜂胶是蜜蜂生产的一种天然物质。她坚信双赢商业模式的概念，企业家可以对环境产生积极影响。
1．B [accomplish实现；combine结合；process处理；maintain维持。根据下文“biology，microbiology and chemistry all together”可知，这里指把三种学科结合在一起。故选B。]
2．A [take up开始从事；bring about引起；hold back隐瞒；put off推迟。根据下文“health products made from propolis(蜂胶)，a natural substance produced by bees”可知，她的公司开始从事生产由蜂胶制成的保健产品。故选A。]
3．C [purchase购买物；delivery递送；quality质量；service服务。后文提到萨曼奇并不满足于市场上的产品，她直接与一位养蜂人合作，为她儿子的需求设计了理想的解决方案，由此可知她对产品的质量有追求，故选C。]
4．D [limit限制；deny否认；reveal揭露；back支持。根据下文“by science”可知，此处指产品有科学依据，故选D。]
5．B [regulation规则；inspiration灵感；sample样品；mystery神秘的人(或事物)。根据下文“behind Samanci’s venture also lies in her son，who experienced frequent health issues during his early years”可知，儿子的健康问题是她创业的灵感来源。故选B。]
6．A [explore探索；export出口；refuse拒绝；permit允许。根据上文“Upon a doctor’s recommendation”可知，这里指在医生的建议下，她探索出蜂胶是一种有助于增强她儿子的免疫系统的方法。故选A。]
7．D [patient耐心的；consistent始终如一的；cautious谨慎的；content满意的。根据下文“craft the ideal solution for her son’s needs”可知，萨曼奇为她儿子的需求设计了理想的解决方案，说明她对市场上的产品并不满意，故选D。]
8．C [equally平等地；violently暴力地；directly直接地；temporarily暂时地。根据下文“with a beekeeper to craft the ideal solution for her son’s needs”可知，因为对市场上的产品不满意，她直接与一位养蜂人合作，为她儿子的需求设计了理想的解决方案。故选C。]
9．A [accessible可使用的；similar相似的；responsible负责的；essential极其重要的。根据下文“to a broader range of consumers”可知，产品一开始是针对儿子一个人的，后来萨曼奇让更广泛的消费者可以使用她的专业产品。故选A。]
10．B [damage破坏；rise上升，增加；change改变；loss失去。根据下文“Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model”可知，她的生意是双赢模式，由此可推测蜜蜂的数量增加了。故选B。]
11．D [conquer占领；discover发现；impress使印象深刻；preserve保护。根据上文“Recognizing that 80% of all plants rely on bees for pollination(授粉)，this development has proved to contribute to”可知，蜜蜂数量的增加有助于保护自然。故选D。]
12．C [scientist科学家；beekeeper养蜂人；entrepreneur企业家；consumer顾客。根据上文“Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model”以及下文的“And she urges all entrepreneurs and scientists to find...”可知，这里指企业家可以对环境产生积极影响。故选C。]
13．A [balance平衡；opportunity机会；fault错误；reason理由。根据上文“Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model”可知，她坚信双赢商业模式的概念，即在商业和保护自然之间可以取得平衡。故选A。]
14．B [extraordinary非凡的；sustainable可持续的；lively活泼的；decent体面的。根据上文“Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model”可知，双赢的生意模式是指以可持续的方式从自然中获取一些东西，故选B。]
15．D [altogether一共；anyhow无论如何；moreover此外；otherwise否则。根据下文“nature will not give us anymore”可知，她认为要用可持续的方式从自然中获取一些东西，否则，大自然不会再给我们了。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.experienced 2.to create 3.where 4.without 5.a
6．leading 7.better 8.themselves 9.beneficial
10．approaches选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·山东二模)
Looking up at the sky during early spring，you may see groups of birds moving as they migrate(迁徙) north.But how do these creatures fly in such a cooperative and seemingly ①effortless fashion
“The answer lies in aerodynamics(空气动力学)，” reports a team of scientists from New York University(NYU) in a newly published study.They also found that the impact of aerodynamics depends on the size of the flying group—benefiting small groups and disturbing large ones.
To mimic(模仿) the flying patterns of birds in which they line up one directly behind the other，the researchers created mechanized wings.They were 3D-printed from plastic and driven by motors to move in water，which showed how air flows around bird wings and how they interact during flight.For smaller groups，the researchers discovered an effect by which each member gets help from the aerodynamics in holding its position relative to its neighbors.For larger groups，however，these flying interactions cause later members to be thrown out of position，causing a breakdown of the flying patterns due to crashes among members.
The researchers then used mathematical modeling to better understand the underlying forces.It indicates that the interactions between neighbors are ②spring-like forces.However，these “springs” act in only one direction—a ③lead bird can apply force on its followers，but not the other way around.“The spring-like forces move the members back and forth and then travel down the group and increase in intensity，causing later members to crash together，” explains Leif Ristroph，an associate professor at New York University.
“This area of research is important since animals are known to take advantage of the flows to save on the energy or to reduce drag or resistance，” explains Leif Ristroph.“Our work may also have applications in transportation—like efficient propulsion(推进) through air or water—and energy，such as more effectively harvesting power from wind or waves.”
1．What is the major focus of the NYU researchers’ study on birds
A．The migration patterns of birds.
B．The flying routes in early spring.
C．The benefits of smaller bird grouping.
D．The aerodynamic effects on bird groups.
2．How do flying interactions affect smaller groups of birds
A．They lead to a breakdown.
B．They disturb the formation.
C．They help each member in position.
D．They cause crashes among members.
3．Why does the author mention “springs” in paragraph 4
A．To make a contrast. B．To explain a principle.
C．To put forward a theory. D．To present new evidence.
4．According to Leif Ristroph，what might be a potential application of this research
A．Relieving public traffic jams.
B．Improving harvest of solar energy.
C．Changing migration routes of birds.
D．Decreasing air resistance of planes.
语境猜词 ①effortless(派)＝effort＋less ____________________ ②spring-like(合)＝spring＋like ____________________ ③lead(熟义：v.领导) 生义(文义)：____________________
B
(2024·浙江绍兴二模)
Do you see a bird right now Can you hear one chirping If so，you might be getting a mental health boost.A study recently published in the journal Science found that being in the presence of birds made people feel more positive.
Andrea Mechelli，a psychologist at King’s College London，found himself studying the natural world accidentally.Initially he was searching for answers to why people who lived in cities seemed to tend to suffer mental illness，particularly psychosis.In 2015，he created the smartphone app Urban Mind to search for patterns in users’ environments.“Our first finding is that nature has a very powerful effect，” says Mechelli.He and his colleagues then wondered if some aspects of nature were more beneficial than others.They turned to birds for their ubiquity(普遍存在) in rural and urban environments.
Their latest study included 1,292 participants mainly in Europe.For two weeks，participants were prompted to fill out a questionnaire about their surrounding environment and their mental state three times a day.Mechelli performed a statistical analysis that found an obvious improvement in well-being when birds were present，even when eliminating other factors like the presence of trees or waterways.The mental health benefit was true both for people who ①disclosed a depression diagnosis and those without any diagnosed mental health conditions.
Peter James，an environmental health scientist at Harvard，would like to see more data.He found that environmental health studies like these lack diversity.Yet，a psychologist at Trent University in Canada，Lisa Nisbet says，“This kind of study helps us understand how people’s everyday experience with specific elements of nature，such as birds，can be restorative.”
Appreciating birds seems to be a promising avenue for ②nature-based health and well-being interventions.At Mechelli’s clinical practice in London，he focuses on early intervention therapies.He suggests his patients go for walks to observe the trees and plants growing in the city，and the birds fluttering by from branch to branch.“It has no side effects，” he says.“It’s something they could try，and they have nothing to lose.”
5．What can be inferred about Andrea Mechelli’s study
A. Diverse environments are rewarding only for depressed people.
B．The presence of birds is beneficial to mental health.
C．Peter James thought highly of Mechelli’s research.
D．It was originally targeted at the research on birds.
6．What does the underlined word “eliminating” mean in paragraph 3
A．Defeating. B．Identifying.
C．Affecting. D．Removing.
7．Which of the following statements might Andrea Mechelli agree with
A. Early intervention shows no significance.
B．The access to nature helps people be more confident.
C．Nature-based intervention ③functions well in mental health.
D．People’s daily experience is connected with mental problems.
8．What’s the best title of the passage
A. Use Nature in Supporting Mental Health
B．Get Outside for a Quicker Mental Recovery
C．Analyze Data to Make a Good Treatment Plan
D．Turn to Birds for Better Understandings of Humans
语境猜词 ①disclose(派)＝dis＋close ____________________ ②nature-based(合)＝nature＋based ____________________ ③function(转)n.→v.____________________
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Over the last 60 years，many spacecraft have flown by，orbited and even landed on Mars.But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines.Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However，it is difficult to survive this adventure.
First，a ①roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks.For one thing，floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles.For another，it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily，artificial gravity machines could help.
Then there’s space radiation to worry about.The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic(宇宙的) rays.Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases.Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts.
4 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth，scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars.Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe.A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the ②groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory.
Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物)．And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars.As a result，a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets.
A．Exploring space always comes with risks.
B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts.
C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do.
D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure.
E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars.
F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications.
G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges.
语境猜词 ①roundtrip(合)＝round＋trip ②groundwork(合)＝ground＋work
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·湖南长沙一模)
Medha Gupta sometimes felt worried making the 20-minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon，Virginia—especially during the colder months in winter.
Her mother，Divya Gupta had a 1 ：write an app.She was half-kidding，but Medha took the challenge 2 .So she went to work.
The result was Safe Travel，an app 3 by Medha to help walkers feel more 4 when travelling alone.Using the iPhone，a person can ①programme it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts if he or she 5 to arrive at a destination within a certain time.
It was the first IOS app that Medha had created.While she didn’t think much would come from the project，her 6 caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App Challenge，who selected her as the winner for Virginia’s 10th District.
The App Challenge is designed to encourage 7 to consider careers in science，technology，engineering，and maths by 8 coding and computer science.Winning students are 9 to attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April and also receive $ 250 in Amazon Web Service credits.
Medha said it took her about 40 hours to design， 10 and test the app.As for her next app，Medha’s not certain.She 11 has her ②app-development tasks on hold because she’s 12 teaching herself AI to help deal with improper words on the Internet.Yes，she knows that there are teams of 13 probably doing the same thing.But she 14 it can’t hurt her own part，too.
“If we see something 15 with the world，we should do something about it，” she said.“After all，the only one stopping us from doing something is ourselves.”
1．A.suggestion B．clue
C．perception D．secret
2．A.optionally B．seriously
C．rudely D．unwillingly
3．A.recommended B．improved
C．bought D．designed
4．A.secure B．encouraged
C．comfortable D．mystical
5．A.attempts B．expects
C．fails D．plans
6．A.trouble B．effort
C．courage D．patience
7．A.employees B．competitors
C．students D．judges
8．A.continuing with B．coping with
C．contrasting with D．experimenting with
9．A.required B．invited
C．forced D．tempted
10．A.programme B．upgrade
C．change D．disprove
11．A.carelessly B．randomly
C．aimlessly D．temporarily
12．A.bound to B．worried about
C．busy in D．fond of
13．A.entrepreneurs B．volunteers
C．engineers D．physicians
14．A.concludes B．figures
C．suspects D．prays
15．A.painful B．distressing
C．ridiculous D．wrong
语境猜词 ①programme(转)n.→v.____________________ ②app-development(合)＝app＋development ____________________
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·河南郑州质检)
China has set up its 1.____________________(one) deep space exploration laboratory with the purpose of carrying out deep space exploration as well as cutting-edge technology research in the field of spaceflight.The laboratory,2.____________________(locate) in Anhui Province，is a new type of science and technology research and development institution that realizes the integration of science，technology and engineering.
The laboratory is 3.____________________(support) deep space exploration and carry out frontier,4.____________________(base) and strategic research in the field.It will also undertake research and demonstration.The laboratory is an open platform 5.____________________ international talents can come to work.
After the 6.____________________(complete) of the Tianwen Ⅰ mission，China will also plan a number of Tianwen series of ①planetary exploration missions to explore the vastness of space.7.__________________ will be the Tianwen Ⅱ，Tianwen Ⅲ，Tianwen Ⅳ，etc.The main task of the ②follow-up is to explore the asteroids (小行星) in deep space.The asteroid samples 8.____________________(collect) back.After that，China will be prepared to explore Jupiter and other planets in the solar system,9.____________________(hope) to complete the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049，to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth，or even 10.____________________ the edge of the solar system.
语境猜词 ①planetary(派)＝planet＋ary ____________________ ②follow-up(合)＝follow＋up ____________________
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.不费力的 ②adj.类似弹簧的 ③n.领先地位
B．①vt.使显露；透露 ②adj.基于自然的 ③起作用；运转
Ⅱ.①n.往返行程 ②n.基础工作；准备工作
Ⅲ.①预调；预设 ②n.应用程序开发
Ⅳ.①adj.行星的 ②n.后续行动；追踪调查
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员通过对鸟类飞行模式的研究发现空气动力学的影响取决于飞行群体的规模——对小群体有利，对大群体不利。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段“‘The answer lies in aerodynamics(空气动力学)，’ reports a team of...They also found that the impact of aerodynamics depends on the size of the flying group—benefiting small groups and disturbing large ones.”可知，纽约大学研究人员对鸟类的研究重点是空气动力学对鸟类群体的影响。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For smaller groups，the researchers discovered an effect by which each member gets help from the aerodynamics in holding its position relative to its neighbors.”可知，飞行相互作用通过帮助每个成员与邻近成员保持相对位置来影响较小的鸟类群体，故选C。]
3．B [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It indicates that the interactions between neighbors are spring-like forces.However，these ‘springs’ act in only one direction—a lead bird can apply force on its followers，but not the other way around.”可知，作者在第四段提到“springs”是为了解释鸟类之间相互作用力的原理。故选B。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Our work may also have applications in transportation—like efficient propulsion(推进) through air or water...”可知，根据Leif Ristroph的说法，这项研究也可应用于交通领域，比如利用水或空气进行有效推进，所以这项研究的潜在应用可能是减小飞机的空气阻力。故选D。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究发现，有鸟类在身边会令人产生积极情绪。
5．B [推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及第三段中“Mechelli performed a statistical analysis that found an obvious improvement in well-being when birds were present”可推知，鸟的存在有利于心理健康。故选B。]
6．D [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“an obvious improvement in well-being when birds were present，even when eliminating other factors like the presence of trees or waterways”尤其是“when birds were present”以及“even when”可知，只要鸟类在场，即使去除树木或水道等其他因素，人们的幸福感也会有明显改善，画线词eliminating应是“去除”之意，和D项“Removing”意思一致。故选D。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He suggests his patients go for walks to observe the trees and plants growing in the city，and the birds fluttering by from branch to branch.”可推知，Andrea Mechelli会赞同基于自然的干预在心理健康方面效果显著。故选C。]
8．A [标题归纳题。根据第一段中“A study recently published in the journal Science found that being in the presence of birds made people feel more positive.”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究发现，有鸟类在身边会让人感觉更加积极，更有利于心理健康。所以A项“Use Nature in Supporting Mental Health”可作本文标题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.1.E 2.F 3.D 4.G 5.B
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Medha Gupta设计的一款名为“安全旅行”的应用程序，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。
1．A [suggestion建议；clue线索；perception感知；secret秘密。根据下文“write an app”可知，她的母亲给她提供了一条建议。故选A。]
2．B [optionally可选择地；seriously认真地；rudely粗鲁地；unwillingly不情愿地。根据but可知，前后两句是转折关系，即她妈妈是半开玩笑，她却认真对待。故选B。]
3．D [recommend推荐；improve改进；buy买；design设计。根据上文“Her mother，Divya Gupta had a ________：write an app.She was half-kidding，but Medha took the challenge ________.So she went to work.”可知，这款应用程序是由Medha设计的。故选D。]
4．A [secure安全的；encouraged受到鼓舞的；comfortable舒服的；mystical神秘的。根据上文“The result was Safe Travel”可知，这款应用程序的名字叫“安全旅行”，故它旨在帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。故选A。]
5．C [attempt尝试；expect期望；fail未能(做到)；plan计划。根据空前“a person can programme it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts”及空后“to arrive at a destination within a certain time”可知，一个人如果未能在特定时间内到达目的地，就可以利用该程序向信任的人发出警告。fail to do意为“未能做……”。故选C。]
6．B [trouble麻烦；effort努力；courage勇气；patience耐心。根据上文对Medha发明应用程序的介绍以及空后“caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App Challenge，who selected her as the winner for Virginia’s 10th District”可知，Medha对于发明的努力让她被选为弗吉尼亚州第十选区的获胜者。故选B。]
7．C [employee员工；competitor竞争者；student学生；judge裁判。根据下文“Winning students”可知，这场应用程序挑战大赛旨在鼓励学生考虑科学、技术、工程和数学领域的职业。故选C。]
8．D [continue with继续；cope with处理；contrast with对比；experiment with试验。根据空后“coding and computer science”可知，该大赛旨在通过试验编码和计算机科学来鼓励学生考虑科学、技术、工程和数学领域的职业。故选D。]
9．B [require要求；invite邀请；force强迫；tempt引诱。根据空后“to attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April”可知，获奖学生将被邀请参加4月份在国会山举行的招待会。故选B。]
10．A [programme编写程序；upgrade升级；change改变；disprove证明……错误。根据上文“by ________ coding and computer science”可知，她应该有编写程序的过程。故选A。]
11．D [carelessly马虎地；randomly随机地；aimlessly漫无目的地；temporarily暂时地。根据下文“because she’s ______ teaching herself AI to help deal with improper words on the Internet”可知，因为她正忙于自学人工智能，所以她暂时搁置了应用程序开发任务。故选D。]
12．C [bound to一定会；worried about担心；busy in忙于；fond of喜欢。根据上文“She ________ has her app-development tasks on hold”可知，她暂时搁置了应用程序开发任务，因为她正忙于自学人工智能。故选C。]
13．C [entrepreneur企业家；volunteer志愿者；engineer工程师；physician医师。根据空后“probably doing the same thing”可知，她知道一些工程师团队在做同样的事情。故选C。]
14．B [conclude结束；figure认为；suspect怀疑；pray祈祷。根据空后“it can’t hurt her own part，too”可知，她认为这不会影响到她自己。故选B。]
15．D [painful痛苦的；distressing令人苦恼的；ridiculous荒唐的；wrong错误的。根据“we should do something about it”可知，当我们发现这个世界出现错误，有了问题的时候，我们应该做些事情。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.first 2.located 3.to support 4.basic 5.where
6．completion 7.There 8.will be collected 9.hoping 10.to选择性必修第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
A planet that suffers 475℃ beneath a thick acid atmosphere may be the last place you’d expect alien(外星的) life in our solar system.But one NASA scientist claims that extraterrestrials(天外来客) are most likely hiding on Venus amid conditions that are unbearable for humans.The new theory was put forward by the research scientist Dr Michelle Thaller.She says that possible signs of life have already been seen within the carbon-dioxide filled atmosphere，adding that she was absolutely certain that life exists somewhere.
Venus is often described as Earth’s twin due to its similar size and structure.But their conditions couldn’t be further apart，as astronomers believe it would be impossible for humans to exist on Venus.①Positioned 67 million miles from the sun，Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system，suffering temperatures that can even melt lead.Its atmosphere also adds to the ②uninhabitable situation.
Despite this，scientists have long debated whether Venus’ clouds may host microbial(微生物的) life forms that can survive.Many scientists think that photosynthesis(光合作用) is possible on the planet’s surface as Venus receives enough solar energy to pass through its thick clouds.
However，Professor Dominic Papineau，a biologist at the University College of London，believes Dr Thaller’s views are “difficult to realistically assume”．He explained，“For life-related chemical reactions to take place，liquid water is necessary.Hence，to find extraterrestrial life，we need to find liquid water，and to find extraterrestrial fossils requires looking for special rocks that were associated with liquid water in the past.”
This makes life on Venus today difficult to realistically assume，because its surface is too hot，although Venus might have had liquid water in its past.Even still，both Professor Papineau and Dr Thaller agree that the icy moons of our solar system could also be sites of potential microbial life.NASA suggests there are 290 “traditional moons” in our solar system—excluding 462 smaller minor planets.
1．What can we know about Venus
A. Its atmosphere is thin acidic.
B．It is much bigger than Earth.
C．It is 77 million miles from the sun.
D．Venus and Earth are considered as twins.
2．Which statement would Papineau agree with
A. Photosynthesis can happen on Venus’ surface.
B．Thick clouds make photosynthesis on Venus hard.
C．Liquid water is important for the extraterrestrials.
D．Some rocks can prove life exists on Venus.
3．What can we know from the last paragraph
A. The surface temperature of Venus is high.
B．It’s very easy to confirm life on Venus.
C．Venus might have liquid water now.
D．Many icy moons go around Venus.
4．In which section of a newspaper can you find this text
A．Education. B．Science.
C．Culture. D．Sports.
语境猜词 ①position(熟义：n.位置) 生义(文义)：____________________ ②uninhabitable(派)＝un＋inhabit＋able ____________________
B
(2025·福建厦门质检)
Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time，even when it’s night.That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech(California Institute of Technology) are exploring.They’re working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.
Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project.They call it MAPLE.MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January,2023.MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy ①wirelessly from space to Earth.We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.
The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet.Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction.If the tops of the waves line up，they combine to make a bigger wave.But if the top of one wave ②lines up with the low point of the other，the waves cancel each other out.The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power，and focus the energy in one direction.It’s a little like using a magnifying(放大的) glass to focus sunlight into a small，hot point of light.
To prove that the system could work，MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space.This energy was then turned into electricity，which made two small lights light up.Next，MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech.The scientists were able to detect the energy，proving that it’s possible to send solar energy to Earth from space.
Dr.Hajimiri，one of the project’s leaders，thinks that one day，the system could be extremely useful，bringing energy to places that need it，all over the world.He believes that in the future，we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disasters.
5．What is the challenge in Caltech’s project with MAPLE
A．Solar energy detection.
B．Wireless energy delivery.
C．Sending devices into space.
D．Using wires to move electricity.
6．How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power
A. By changing the way microwaves act.
B．By magnifying waves coming together.
C．By controlling the timing of microwaves.
D．By lining up the waves in opposite directions.
7．What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr.Hajimiri
A．Warning people of natural disasters.
B．Turning solar energy into electricity.
C．Providing a solution to energy shortages.
D．Sending energy to regions in urgent need.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration
B．The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires
C．The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity
D．The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth
语境猜词 ①wirelessly(派)＝wire＋less＋ly ____________________ ②line up with ____________________
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东烟台期末)
75 years after humans successfully put their first object into space，it’s much easier to launch a satellite，but a lot messier once we’re up there. 1 There are around 5,000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working.When a satellite stops functioning，it keeps orbiting at very high speeds，making a great threat for the useful ones.
So space sustainability has become a big concern. 2 One suggested solution is to ①refuel the dead satellites and bring them back to life.Another concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up.
3 Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough.And the world hasn’t yet reached a consensus(共识) on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we work out there.
First why should we keep things clean in orbit We use satellites to check the weather，find our way around，and for financial purposes.Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth，but also information about climate change，natural disasters and other things that can help humans with ②earthbound challenges. 4
Then how can we humans think as one big community Governments should make powerful panies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical methods. 5 Only in this way can we keep those orbital highways open for the next generation and beyond before they are deadly blocked by space junk.
A．They provide services closely related to our life.
B．This is hard both technically and politically，though.
C．Anyway，we should ③quicken the pace of clearing up.
D．Space is getting increasingly crowded and dangerous.
E．So we depend largely on space and it needs to be tidied up.
F．Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.
G．All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.
语境猜词 ①refuel(派)＝re＋fuel ②earthbound(合)＝earth＋bound ③quicken(派)＝quick＋en
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·湖南二模)
In the mid-20th century，girls were not expected to study technical subjects.However，Bell Burnell’s parents ①challenged these 1 ，which enabled her to study science.She aimed to be a radio astronomer before leaving school.That 2 led her to go to the University of Glasgow，where she was the only 3 in her class.After graduation，Bell Burnell went to Cambridge University，where she yet again had to prove that she 4 .
Her first project，working with her thesis supervisor(论文导师) Hewish，was 5 certain objects called quasars(类星体)．It was 6 to have a female student on this project.Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females 7 were secretaries.At this stage，it was she who 8 the telescope and analyzed the data.
One day，checking on the data，Bell Burnell saw a signal that she couldn’t 9 .To understand what it was she ended up bringing this 10 to Hewish，who said it was interference.He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope 11 and that is why the new signal had appeared.However，she saw the signal again afterwards. 12 ，she tried to ②reach Hewish.Once he 13 the pulse with his own eyes，he knew it wasn’t interference，and a new research project began.But，with just one pulse it was hard to have a(n) 14 discovery.
A couple of days later，Bell Burnell was in her study，and she saw something 15 to the first pulse，and thus 2 pulsars(脉冲星) were discovered.
1．A.theories B．subjects
C．lessons D．policies
2．A.wish B．condition
C．plan D．design
3．A.failure B．student
C．female D．scientist
4．A.studied B．belonged
C．worked D．graduated
5．A.turning off B．picking out
C．shooting down D．clearing away
6．A.unnecessary B．impossible
C．illegal D．unusual
7．A.present B．alive
C．abroad D．responsible
8．A.broke B．cleaned
C．ran D．saw
9．A.explain B．store
C．copy D．recycle
10．A.signal B．question
C．task D．news
11．A.wisely B．secretly
C．wrongly D．frequently
12．A.Surprised B．Disappointed
C．Ashamed D．Touched
13．A.checked off B．came across
C．cast light on D．caught sight of
14．A.puzzling B．amusing
C．convincing D．lasting
15．A.familiar B．similar
C．open D．important
语境猜词 ①challenge(转)n.→v.____________________ ②reach(熟义：v.到达) 生义(文义)：____________________
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·河南名校联盟模拟预测)
China recently shared exciting news about its space exploration efforts，and revealed the names of its manned lunar ①lander and a new crew spaceship.This development marks 1.______________ important step in the nation’s efforts 2.____________________(explore) outer space.The lunar lander is named Lanyue，3.____________________ means “embracing(拥抱) the moon”．This choice reflects the dream and confidence of the Chinese people in their space exploration efforts.
The crew spaceship has been named Mengzhou，or Dream Vessel，4.______________(indicate) its role in realizing the dream of landing on the moon and exploring new ②frontiers in space.Mengzhou will have two versions：one for exploring the moon and the other for trips between Earth 5._________________ the Tiangong space station，and the latter takes over the duties from the current Shenzhou spaceship.
These names，Lanyue and Mengzhou，were selected 6.______________(careful) from nearly 2,000 suggestions by the public to show the wide 7.____________________(participate) and interest of the Chinese people 8.____________________ their country’s space missions.China plans to send its first manned mission to the moon around 2030.The Lanyue lander is designed with a landing and propulsion(推进) section to carry two astronauts to the moon.The Mengzhou spacecraft，designed for space travel,9.____________(include) a ③reentry module for the astronauts and a service module 10.______________(equip) with power and propulsion systems.
语境猜词 ①lander(派)＝land＋er ____________________ ②frontier(派)＝front＋ier ____________________ ③reentry(派)＝re＋entry ____________________
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①v.安置，使处于 ②adj.不适宜居住的
B．①adv.无线地 ②与……一致，与……相符
Ⅱ.①v.补充燃料 ②adj.地球上的 ③v.加快
Ⅲ.①对……提出质疑 ②v.联系
Ⅳ.①n.着陆器 ②n.(学科或活动的)尖端 ③n.重返大气层
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于金星可能存在外星生命的理论，以及科学家对此的不同观点。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Venus is often described as Earth’s twin due to its similar size and structure.”可知，金星和地球被认为是孪生星，故选D。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第四段中“For life-related chemical reactions to take place，liquid water is necessary.”可知，Papineau认为液态水对于外星生命是重要的，故选C。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据第五段中“This makes life on Venus today difficult to realistically assume，because its surface is too hot”可知，金星的表面温度很高，故选A。]
4．B [文章出处题。根据第一段中“A planet that suffers 475℃ beneath a thick acid atmosphere may be the last place you’d expect alien(外星的) life...The new theory was put forward by the research scientist Dr Michelle Thaller.”可知，可以在报纸的科学版块中找到这篇文章。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院 Caltech 的科学家创造了一种特殊的工具——MAPLE，以探索从太空中收集阳光并将其能量无线输送回地球的可能性。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth.We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.”可知，项目中存在的挑战是无线能量传输。故选B。]
6．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet.”和“The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power，and focus the energy in one direction.”可知，加州理工学院的团队通过控制微波相遇的时机来集中太阳能。故选C。]
7．D [细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr.Hajimiri...thinks that one day，the system could be extremely useful，bringing energy to places that need it...He believes that in the future，we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disasters.”可知，根据Hajimiri博士的说法，这个系统在未来能向急需能源的地区输送能源。故选D。]
8．D [标题归纳题。根据第一段以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了加州理工学院科学家创造的特殊工具MAPLE从太空向地球无线传输能源的可能性，所以D项适合作本文的标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.D 2.F 3.B 4.E 5.G
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Bell Burnell在剑桥大学时发现脉冲星的故事。
1．D [theory理论；subject科目；lesson功课；policy政策。根据下文“She aimed to be a radio astronomer before leaving school.”可知，Bell Burnell想成为射电天文学家，可推知她的父母对这些限制女孩学习技术科目的政策提出了质疑。故选D。]
2．A [wish愿望；condition条件；plan计划；design设计。根据上文“She aimed to be a radio astronomer before leaving school.”可知，Bell Burnell想成为一名射电天文学家，这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学。故选A。]
3．C [failure失败；student学生；female女性；scientist科学家。根据上文“In the mid-20th century，girls were not expected to study technical subjects.”可推知，当时男孩可以学习技术科目，而女孩则不能，所以在格拉斯哥大学，她是班上唯一的女性。故选C。]
4．B [study学习；belong应在，适应；work工作；graduate毕业。根据本段第一句和本句中的“again”可知，女性在当时不能学习技术科目，女学生参与研究项目是不寻常的，这些都表明，Bell Burnell必须再次证明自己可以在这里。故选B。]
5．B [turn off关闭；pick out辨别出；shoot down击落；clear away清除。根据本段最后一句中的“telescope”可推知，Bell Burnell的第一个项目是借助望远镜辨认出某些被称为类星体的物体。故选B。]
6．D [unnecessary不必要的；impossible不可能的；illegal非法的；unusual不同寻常的。根据下文“Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females ________ were secretaries.”可知，女学生正式参与科研项目是极不寻常的事情，在场的其他女性只有秘书，其余参与项目的人都是男性。故选D。]
7．A [present出席的，在场的；alive活着的；abroad在国外；responsible负责任的。结合语境及空后的“were secretaries”可知，此处指该科研项目在场的其他女性只有秘书，故选A。]
8．C [break打破；clean打扫；run使运转；see看见。根据下文“He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope ________”可知，Bell Burnell负责操作望远镜并分析数据。故选C。]
9．A [explain解释；store储存；copy复制；recycle循环。根据下文“To understand what it was”可知，这是一个她无法解释的信号。故选A。]
10．B [signal信号；question问题；task任务；news新闻。根据上文“To understand what it was”以及下文“who said it was interference”可知，为了理解这是什么，Bell Burnell最终向Hewish提出了这个问题。故选B。]
11．C [wisely明智地；secretly秘密地；wrongly错误地；frequently频繁地。根据下文“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知，Hewish认为Bell Burnell把射电望远镜接错线了，这就是新信号出现的原因。故选C。]
12．A [surprised惊讶的；disappointed失望的；ashamed羞愧的；touched感动的。结合上文内容可知，导师认为是操作错误导致新信号出现，但是自己又看到了这个信号，所以Bell Burnell感到很惊讶。故选A。]
13．D [check off核对；come across偶然遇到；cast light on使人了解，使显得非常清楚；catch sight of看见。根据空后的状语“with his own eyes”并结合上文内容可知，Hewish亲眼看到脉冲后知道了这不是干扰。故选D。]
14．C [puzzling令人困惑的；amusing有趣的，逗乐的；convincing令人信服的，有说服力的；lasting持久的。根据上文“with just one pulse”并结合最后一段可知，仅凭一个脉冲很难有令人信服的发现，而在Bell Burnell看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西之后，两颗脉冲星被确认了。故选C。]
15．B [familiar熟悉的；similar类似的；open开放的；important重要的。根据下文“and thus 2 pulsars(脉冲星) were discovered”可知，Bell Burnell看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西，因此发现了两颗脉冲星，故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.an 2.to explore 3.which 4.indicating 5.and
6．carefully 7.participation 8.in 9.includes
10．equipped
