定语从句结构解析课件(共28张PPT)-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 定语从句结构解析课件(共28张PPT)-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 180.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-07-17 07:55:10 | ||
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文档简介
(共28张PPT)
定语从句的结构解析
A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures
英汉定语结构的对比
This is the cat.
这就是那只猫
This is the cat that killed the rat.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake。
*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老 鼠偷吃了放在屋里 的蛋糕。 屋子是杰克盖的。
英汉定语结构的特点
英语 右开放结构
汉语 在封闭结构
Transaltion of Restrictive Attributive Clauses
限制性定语从句译法
1. Combination合并法
在句式较短的情况下，译成“……的”结构。
例1. Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。
例2. July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
七八月是天气很热的月份。
In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。
Mr. Taylor, who had been silent before, spoke out suddenly.
刚才一直沉默不语的泰勒先生突然开口了。
Practice
2. Division 分译法
化整为零，分别翻译，独立成句。对于长而复杂的定语结构可用此法。
例：They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个埋想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自已的生命。
Practice
This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.
这是一所科技大学，该校学生将培养成工程师或科学工作者。
3. Mixture混合法
打破原文的定语结构，译者根据自己的理解，译出原文的意思。
例1.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
例2.There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.
某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。
Translation of Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses
非限制性定语从句译法
1. Division分译法
1) Translating into Compound Sentences by Repeating the Antecedents
例：This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.
这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。
2) Translating into Compound Sentences by Omitting the Antecedents
例1：After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
例2：This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.
这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电流。
2. Combination
The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
整天躲在云层里的太阳 ，现在又光芒四射地露面 了。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant. but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜欢热情洋溢的妹妹 ，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
3) Translating into Independent Sentences
One time there was a violent thunderstorm，the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.
有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。
Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.
不过，问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算很准确。
Translation of Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials
兼有状语功能的定语从句
英语定语从句——尤其是非限制性定语从句——有时兼有状语从句的职能，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。
在翻译的时候，应尽量从英语句子的意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系来。
1.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes. can see clearly in the night.
我们知道, 由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚，
You must grasp the concept of "work“ which is very important in physics.
你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。
2.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result
There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢，
Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.
铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。
3.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.
那位科学家虽己筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。
4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition
Men become desperate for work, any work，which will help them to keep alive their families.
人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。
A body that contains only atoms with the same general properties is called an element.
物质如果包含的原子性质都相同，则称之为元素。
5.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Purpose
They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists.
他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养科技人才。
I’ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical terms, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.
我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典，以便把科学文献译得更准确。
Assignment
E-C Translation
1. The claim should have been filed against the sellers who failed to deliver the goods of the specifications as stipulated in the contract. (译成原因状语从句)
2. In any event or accident that may result in loss or damage, the insured should give the insurance company’s agent an immediate notice applying for survey.
3. They are going to cover their requirements in a third country, where the prices are more competitive than those offered by you.
4. Any dispute that may arise shall be settled amicably through negotiation without resorting to law.
5. The seller must provide at his own expense the packing, which is necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.
Thank You!
定语从句的结构解析
A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures
英汉定语结构的对比
This is the cat.
这就是那只猫
This is the cat that killed the rat.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake。
*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 老 鼠偷吃了放在屋里 的蛋糕。 屋子是杰克盖的。
英汉定语结构的特点
英语 右开放结构
汉语 在封闭结构
Transaltion of Restrictive Attributive Clauses
限制性定语从句译法
1. Combination合并法
在句式较短的情况下，译成“……的”结构。
例1. Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。
例2. July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
七八月是天气很热的月份。
In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。
Mr. Taylor, who had been silent before, spoke out suddenly.
刚才一直沉默不语的泰勒先生突然开口了。
Practice
2. Division 分译法
化整为零，分别翻译，独立成句。对于长而复杂的定语结构可用此法。
例：They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个埋想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自已的生命。
Practice
This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.
这是一所科技大学，该校学生将培养成工程师或科学工作者。
3. Mixture混合法
打破原文的定语结构，译者根据自己的理解，译出原文的意思。
例1.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
例2.There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.
某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。
Translation of Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses
非限制性定语从句译法
1. Division分译法
1) Translating into Compound Sentences by Repeating the Antecedents
例：This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.
这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。
2) Translating into Compound Sentences by Omitting the Antecedents
例1：After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
例2：This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.
这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电流。
2. Combination
The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
整天躲在云层里的太阳 ，现在又光芒四射地露面 了。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant. but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜欢热情洋溢的妹妹 ，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
3) Translating into Independent Sentences
One time there was a violent thunderstorm，the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.
有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。
Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.
不过，问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算很准确。
Translation of Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials
兼有状语功能的定语从句
英语定语从句——尤其是非限制性定语从句——有时兼有状语从句的职能，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。
在翻译的时候，应尽量从英语句子的意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系来。
1.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes. can see clearly in the night.
我们知道, 由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚，
You must grasp the concept of "work“ which is very important in physics.
你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。
2.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result
There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢，
Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.
铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。
3.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.
那位科学家虽己筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。
4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition
Men become desperate for work, any work，which will help them to keep alive their families.
人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。
A body that contains only atoms with the same general properties is called an element.
物质如果包含的原子性质都相同，则称之为元素。
5.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Purpose
They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists.
他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养科技人才。
I’ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical terms, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.
我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典，以便把科学文献译得更准确。
Assignment
E-C Translation
1. The claim should have been filed against the sellers who failed to deliver the goods of the specifications as stipulated in the contract. (译成原因状语从句)
2. In any event or accident that may result in loss or damage, the insured should give the insurance company’s agent an immediate notice applying for survey.
3. They are going to cover their requirements in a third country, where the prices are more competitive than those offered by you.
4. Any dispute that may arise shall be settled amicably through negotiation without resorting to law.
5. The seller must provide at his own expense the packing, which is necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.
Thank You!