山东省德州市2024年中考英语真题
一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（2024·德州）
Study Tour Programmes
June 7, 2024 17:14
Founded in 1911, Heshan University (HSU) has a history of 113 years. Thanks to its ideal geographical location on the banks of the Yellow River, HSU has been able to offer excellent study tour programmes since 2000.
HSU has three study tour programmes on Chinese Language & Culture, Qilu Folk Customs and Traditional Chinese Art. Among them, the Chinese Language & Culture study tour programme was the first officially put into practice in 2000, four years before the other two programmes. It serves students from all over the world, and especially shows the Chinese culture to foreign students. Here is the information about this programme.
Chinese Language & Culture Study Tour Programme
Who can join
Group of 10 or more students over 14 years old
What do we offer
Mind the timetable below. Don't miss the courses.
Courses Topics Time Content
1 Chinese language Monday （8:00—20:00） daily using Chinese including greetings, family, shopping, food and drink, etc.
2 Confucius's thoughts Tuesday （8:00—16:00） Confucian culture and historical background
3 landscape (景观) design Thursday （9:00—18:00） basics about landscape design enjoying the Chinese garden scenery
4 Chinese cooking Friday （9:00—12:00） making dumplings
5 Tai Chi Saturday （6:00—7:30） Tai Chi practice
6 tea culture Saturday （7:30—12:00） historical renew of Chinese tea culture tea art
7 tour to the peony (牡丹) gallery Sunday （14:00—16:00） peony plantation peony paintings
8 educational ideas of Confucius Sunday （16:00—18:00） education stories of Confucius Confucius's thoughts on education
Notes
During the stay, you' re not allowed to go around the university except weekends.
How to join
1. Fill out the online application form http://www. hsu. /
2. Prepare a copy of the ID card or passport.
3. Email the application form and the copy to hsustudyour@.
More information
Tel: 87662528, Allan Wang
Website: http://www. hsu. /
1．How long has HSU offered study tour programmes
A．For 113 years. B．For 24 years.
C．For 20 years. D．For 4 years.
2．Which group can join in the programme
A．5 students from all over the world.
B．8 foreign students.
C．11 students aged 16.
D．20 Chinese students aged 9.
3．In which courses can Confucius's thoughts be learned
A．Course 1 and Course 8. B．Course 2 and Course 5.
C．Course 1 and Course 6. D．Course 2 and Course 8.
4．When can groups for the programme go around the university
A．On Wednesday morning. B．On Thursday morning.
C．On Saturday afternoon. D．On Sunday afternoon.
5．How should students know the cost of the programme
A．Find it out in the form.
B．Search at http:// www. hsu. /.
C．Email to hsu. studytour@.
D．Search at http://www. hsu. /.
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．D
4．C
5．D
【知识点】旅游观光类；应用文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了河山大学开设的优秀的研学旅行项目的信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
1．细节理解题。根据HSU has been able to offer excellent study tour programmes since 2000可知，HSU自2000年以来提供游学项目，故已经提供了24年。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Group of 10 or more students over 14 years old可知，符合条件的是10名或以上的14岁以上学生组成的团体。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据表格2 Confucius's thoughts"和表"8 educational ideas of Confucius可知，孔子的思想可以在课程2和课程8中学习，故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据During the stay, you're not allowed to go around the university except weekends及表格中5、6、7、8的课程时间安排可知，周六上午及周日下午都有课，除了周末其他时间都不可以在校园里走动，所以团体可以在周六下午在校园里走动。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据Website: http://www. hsu. /可知，学生应该在http://www. hsu. /上查询项目费用信息。故选D。
（2024·德州）When Liu Lingli was a child, she first communicated with a hearing-impaired person, her neighbor Mrs Wang. But Liu could not understand what she was trying to express with her gestures (手势) if Wang's husband didn't explain it. "Even as a child, I felt loved by her kind gesture, and thought it would be great if she could speak," Liu said.
Later she became a teacher in a special school where some students had the same problem as Wang. It was such a hard job that she was at a loss and thought about giving up at the beginning, but she didn't as she thought of Wang's pain on the face.
Later, unluckily, Liu's own 7-month-old son was also found to have the same problem, which shocked but never frightened Liu. Instead of getting her child treated in hospital, she decided to provide treatment for her son by herself after work. Since then, Liu could better understand the families with children like her son and put more efforts to help them live better in society. She started speaking rebuilding training by self-teaching. Thanks to Liu's tireless efforts, her son and her students showed great improvement and some of them became successful later.
Deng Liang, one of Liu's first students, works now for a State-owned enterprise (企业) in Changsha. "Ms Liu taught me to be kind, optimistic (乐观的) and hard-working to build a better life, which has pushed me forward all these years," he said.
Liu Hanxiang, a famous dancer now, texted Liu Lungli a message thanking her for her efforts. " Ms Liu, my performance today was a great success. I want to thank you. Without you, I would not have become who I am today." Liu Lingli burst into tears when she read the message.
For her contributions (贡献) to society, Liu Lingli received the award of Person Touching China for 2023. Liu said, "There is still a lot to do to ensure disabled people can find suitable jobs. The media also needs to tell more stories of people with disability who have built successful careers so as to encourage children with disability to improve their lives through learning."
6．What made Liu Lingli continue the job though it was hard at first
A．Wang's husband's explanation.
B．Wang's pain of communication challenges.
C．Wang's kind gesture.
D．The students' problems.
7．What does "then" refer to
A．Being shocked by her son's problem.
B．Getting her son treated in hospital.
C．Treating her son by herself.
D．Understanding families alike better.
8．Why was Deng Liang mentioned as an example in the passage
A．To show Deng's efforts.
B．To show Deng's thanks to Liu Lingli.
C．To show Lu Lungli's great efforts to help students.
D．To show Liu Lingli's contributions to society.
9．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To ensure disabled people to find suitable jobs.
B．To tell the stones of successful people with disability.
C．To call on people to help Liu Lingli.
D．To praise Liu Lingli's actions of helping the disabled.
10．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Improving lives through learning
B．Adding sound to the life of the hearing-impaired
C．Loving students as her own children
D．Building successful careers by working hard
【答案】6．B
7．A
8．D
9．D
10．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文；志愿服务与公共服务；细节理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了刘玲琍与听障人士之间的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
6．细节理解题。根据It was such a hard job that she was at a loss and thought about giving up at the beginning,but she didn't as she thought of Wang's pain on the face可知，王先生沟通困难时的痛苦让刘玲琍继续这项工作。故选B。
7．词义猜测题。根据Later,unluckily,Liu's own 7-month-old son was also found to have the same problem, which shocked but never frightened Liu. Instead of getting her child treated in hospital, she decided to provide treatment for her son by herself after work. Since then, Liu could better understand the families with children like her son and put more efforts to help them live better in society可知，不幸的是，刘自己7个月大的儿子也被发现有同样的问题，这让刘感到震惊，但从未让他害怕，她决定下班后自己给儿子治病，而不是让孩子住院。从那时起，刘可以更好地了解像她儿子这样有孩子的家庭，并更加努力地帮助他们更好地生活在社会中，故此处"then"指的是"对儿子的问题感到震惊"。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据Deng Liang, one of Liu's first students, works now for a State-owned enterprise (企业) in Changsha. ‘Ms Liu taught me to be kind, optimistic (乐观的) and hard-working to build a better life, which has pushed me forward all these years可知，邓亮是刘的第一批学生之一，目前在长沙的一家国有企业工作，文中提到邓亮作为例子是为了展示刘对社会的贡献。故选D。
9．文章大意题。本文主要讲述了刘玲琍与听障人士之间的故事，因此这篇文章的目的是表扬刘玲琍帮助残疾人的行为。故选D。
10．标题选择题。本文主要讲述了刘玲琍与听障人士之间的故事，以选项B"为听力受损者的生活增添声音"为标题最合适。故选B。
（2024·德州）Su Bingtian made history becoming the first Chinese male sprinter (短跑运动员) to reach the Olympic 100 m final in 2021. Not only that, he also set a new record with a time of 9. 83 seconds during the semi-finals of the event. This achievement showed his talent and speed on the world stage. Few runners in the world can even come close. Why some people can run very fast while others run more slowly Genes (基因) play a role, but so do your choices and experiences.
One mayor factor (因素) that influences your ability to run fast is how you are built, including how your muscles (肌肉) work. The human body has more than 600 muscles that work together. These muscles are made up of groups of fibers (纤维). There are two main types. One is mainly fast twitch (快缩肌), used for sprinting and similar sports. The other is mostly slow twitch, used for jogging and some types of sports at low speeds.
Fast-twitch muscle fibers are larger. They help your body move quickly and produce serious force. Short﹣distance runners usually have plenty of fast﹣twitch muscle fibers. However, this muscle fiber type also tares quickly, so you can only run a short distance at the top speed.
Slow-twitch muscle fibers are smaller and help you run at lower speeds, but with greater endurance. Long-distance runners usually have a lot of these muscles.
How much you have of each type of muscle fibers mostly depends on your genes. But exercise can help train those muscles.
Physical ability isn't just about muscle. Your brain plays an important role, too. Your muscles are controlled by your brain. You can teach your body to use the best running techniques. That includes proper posture (姿势), so your body is standing tall. That also includes a proper step forward, so your feet land below you instead of landing too far in front, which can slow you down. Using proper running techniques helps the muscles create more force and work together, which helps you run faster.
11．Which of the following is the characteristic of fast-twitch muscle fibers
A．Larger. B．Smaller.
C．Weak to produce power. D．Good for long-distance summers.
12．Which sport is suitable for people with more slow-twitch muscles
A．Sprinting. B．Marathon.
C．High jump. D．110 m hurdles.
13．What does the underlined word "endurance" mean in Paragraph 4
A．The power to last long. B．The state to survive.
C．The ability to stay calm. D．The quality to be patient.
14．Which is the best running posture
A． B． C． D．
15．In which magazine can you read the passage
A．Sports World B．Fashion Show
C．Mysterious Space D．Healthy Diet
【答案】11．A
12．B
13．A
14．C
15．A
【知识点】说明文；常见运动项目；细节理解；词义猜测；文章出处
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了影响跑步速度的因素，包括基因、肌肉类型（快肌纤维和慢肌纤维）、身体构造以及大脑对运动技巧的控制。通过适当的训练和正确的跑步技术，可以提高跑步速度和效率。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先读懂文章大意，然后理解题意，从文中抓住关键词句，理解句意，最终选择正确答案。
11．细节理解题。根据Fast-twitch muscle fibers are larger.可知，快肌纤维的特征是较大，故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据The other is mostly slow twitch,used for jogging and some types of sports at low speeds.及Slow-twitch muscle fibers are smaller and help you run at lower speeds,but with greater endurance. Long-distance runners usually have a lot of these muscles.可知，慢肌纤维小，耐力较强，适合马拉松等长跑运动，故选B。
13．词义猜测题。根据Slow-twitch muscle fibers are smaller and help you run at lower speeds,but with greater endurance.可知，慢肌纤维帮助低速持续运动，因此endurance指的是"持久力"，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据That includes proper posture,so your body is standing tall. That also includes a proper step forward,so your feet land be low you instead of landing too far in front,which can slow you down.可知，正确的跑步姿势应为站姿高直，脚刚好落在身体下方，故选C。
15．文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了跑步技巧和肌肉类型，属于体育范畴，因此能在体育世界杂志上读这篇文章，故选A。
（2024·德州）
You already know why cicadas (蝉) are so unbelievably noisy: males produce the sound to attract females. But do you know some of them appear above ground only every 17 years
There are more than 3, 000 kinds of cicadas, which fall into two types: annual cicadas, which emerge (出现) every year, and periodical (周期) cicadas, which spend most of their lives underground and only emerge once every few years. The 17-year cicada is one of the periodical cicadas with the longest known insect life cycle. Every 17 years, like clockwork, they appear. Shortly after hatching (孵化) from its egg, a 17-year-old cicada nymph (若虫) digs down into the ground, where it spends—as its name suggests—the first 17 years of its life. When it comes out from the ground, it lives only four to six more weeks—just long enough to lay eggs, and the cycle starts all over again.
Periodical cicadas don't spend their years sleeping underground. Instead, they are active in their wingless nymph forms, digging tunnels (隧道).
Though not proven, many scientists believe that periodical cicadas have a molecular clock (分子钟) inside their bodies that notes the passing of years through environmental signs. As trees go through their seasonal cycles, the sap (汁) of their roots (根) changes. And when cicada nymphs feed on this sap, they are likely to pick up signs of the passing of time. The 17th trees' seasonal cycle gives the nymphs their final sign: it's time to emerge.
When the cicada nymphs come out from their underground homes depends on temperature. After their 17 years are up, the cicadas wait for the perfect temperature before making the Journey to the surface—when the soil about 8 inches (20 cm) underground reaches 64°F, or 18℃. This means that cicadas will appear at different times in different parts of the world: the soil in one place may reach the ideal temperature before the soil in another. But once that temperature is reached, all the cicadas in the area will feel it and make the journey to the surface together.
When they emerge, the cicadas aren't yet in their adult form. They're still nymphs, and they remain so until they molt (蜕皮) for the final time. Once their fresh exoskeletons (外骨骼) have hardened, they take to the trees with their new-found wings, and the males begin their loud mating calls in order to attract females. Then females lay eggs in dry branches. After that, both males and females die.
And now we're back where we started . Newborn cicada nymphs fall or move down from the trees and go into the ground, not to be seen for another 17 years.
16．Which one is TRUE about periodical cicadas
A．All of them make loud noises.
B．They emerge every year.
C．They hatch underground.
D．They have different life-cycle lengths.
17．What may the 17-year cicadas do underground during the first 17 years of their lives
A．Laying eggs. B．Sleeping all the time.
C．Hatching from eggs. D．Digging tunnels.
18．How do cicadas know when 17 years have passed according to scientists
A．By feeling the environmental changes.
B．By climbing up trees.
C．By testing the temperature.
D．By getting information from adult cicadas.
19．What decides a cicada's emergence time
A．The temperature. B．The soil.
C．The area where it stays. D．Its exoskeleton.
20．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Reasons why cicadas are unbelievably noisy.
B．Types of periodical cicadas.
C．The life cycle of the 17-year cicada.
D．Living habits of the 17-year cicada.
【答案】16．D
17．D
18．A
19．A
20．C
【知识点】说明文；常见的动物及其生活环境；细节理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了17年出现一次的周期蝉的生命历程。
【点评】考查阅读理解，解答时注意细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，选择正确答案。
16．细节理解题。根据The 17-year cicada is one of the periodical cicadas with the longest known insect life cycle.可知周期性蝉有不同的生命周期长度。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段Periodical cicadas don't spend their years sleeping underground. Instead, they are active in their wingless nymph forms,digging tunnels.可知17年的蝉在它们生命的前17年里会在地下挖隧道。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据Though not proven,many scientists believe that periodical cicadas have a molecular clock(分子钟)inside their bodies that notes the passing of years through environmental signs.可知，根据科学家的说法，蝉通过感受环境的变化知道17年过去了。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据But once that temperature is reached, all the cicadas in the area will feel it and make the journey to the surface together.可知，温度决定了蝉的出现时间。故选A。
20．文章大意题。根据全文内容可知，主要介绍了17年出现一次的周期蝉的生命历程。故选C
二、短文还原
（2024·德州）短文还原
Here are some things you may want to think about when designing your stadium.
The first step of the invention process is to "think it". This includes finding a problem you would like to solve, or imagining something you plan to create. 21． , "What problem does it solve What sports or events will take place in your stadium Where will it be located How will your idea be new and different "
The next step is to "explore it". You ask: "How have inventors created solutions in the past " and then carry out research to learn more about the problem they would like to solve, or the idea they would like to create. This is done to understand solutions that may already exist. 22． .
Inventors use drawing as a way to organize their ideas. 23． . You can draw your ideas with paper and pencil or use any means of expression that is comfortable for you. Remember! Inventors seldom get it right on the first try.
24． Build a model which will show the size, shape and form of your stadium. Now that you have created your 3 D model, take some time to think about how your stadium looks and how it would work for an event.
Now it's time to think about how it would work, and share your idea with others. Ask yourself, "What changes can I make to improve my stadium " Sharing an idea also happens when you present your idea to others after you have made your final changes.
Inventors typically don't succeed with an invention on the first try. Usually, inventors change their ideas many times before they are finished to make them work better. 25． , once changes are made. It can take many tries to make your ideas work or look the way you imagined they would.
A. To get started you can ask yourself
B. Inventors test their inventions again
C. Now it is time to see their idea turn into something real
D. Once you have created your design, move on to the next step
E. It allows inventors to imagine what their invention might look like and how it will work
F. They learn from what others have tried and make sure that their solutions are new or different
【答案】21．A；22．F；23．E；24．C；25．B
【知识点】说明文；建筑作品赏析与文化价值
【解析】【分析】短文主要介绍了设计体育场时需要考虑的几个步骤。
【点评】考查阅读还原，首先浏览文章大意，然后理解选项意思，最后根据前后句句意和关键词句确定正确答案。
21．根据前文"The first step of the invention process is to ‘think it'. This includes finding a problem you would like to solve, or imagining something you plan to create."可知，此处说的是要思考并找到需要解决的问题，A项"首先，你可以问自己"符合语境。故选A。
22．根据前文"The next step is to ‘explore it'. You ask: ‘How have inventors created solutions in the past ' and then carry out research to learn more about the problem they would like to solve, or the idea they would like to create."可知，此处说的是探索已有的解决方案并进行研究，F项"他们从其他人的尝试中学习，并确保他们的解决方案是新的或不同的"符合语境。故选F。
23．根据前文"Inventors use drawing as a way to organize their ideas."可知此处说的是通过绘制草图来组织和表达想法，E项"它允许发明家想象他们的发明可能是什么样子以及它将如何工作"符合语境。故选E。
24．根据后文"Build a model which will show the size, shape and form of your stadium. "可知此处说的是制作模型来展示设计的实际效果，所以C项"现在是时候看到他们的想法变成现实了"符合语境。故选C。
25．根据"It can take many tries to make your ideas work or look the way you imagined they would."可知，此处说的是不断改进和完善设计，B项"发明家再次测试他们的发明"符合语境。故选B。
三、综合填空
（2024·德州）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。
it, stone, six, by, easy, how, building, good, against, however, although
The Juyongguan Great Wall was built during the Spring and Autumn Period. It was rebuilt and repaired for the 26． time in the early Ming Dynasty, which makes it look like what it is today. Recently, a group of scientists from China Agricultural University in Beijing made a study on the Juyongguan Great Wall, and they found an amazing fact.
Some parts of the wall were made of 27． , but some were built of "rammed earth", which is a mixture of rocks and soil. Usually, rammed earth should be destroyed (破坏) 28． by wind and rain over time. 29． , the fact is not like that. So scientists questioned 30． rammed earth managed to survive for such a long time. And now they have found that parts of the wall have been protected 31． something called biocrust (生物结皮). This is a thin layer of plant life, including moss (苔藓), lichen (地衣) and other things.
The scientists examined a 370-mile-long section of the wall and found that the parts covered in brocrust remained 32． than other parts. The scientists took some samples (样本) of the biocrust back to their lab for testing. They found the natural material was actually much stronger 33． the rain and wind than the rammed earth. This means that the wall has protected 34． well with the biocrust over the years.
These findings could be important. 35． biocrust may not look attractive, its natural ability to protect things could be a very useful tool. It offers the experts who manage ancient buildings a good way to protect them.
【答案】26．sixth；27．stones；28．easily；29．However；30．how；31．by；32．better；33．against；34．itself；35．Although
【知识点】说明文；建筑作品赏析与文化价值
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了居庸关长城的历史和科学家们对其建筑材料的研究。
it它；stone石头；six6；by通过；easy简单的；how怎样；building建筑物；good好的；against反对；however然而；although尽管。
【点评】考查选词填空，首先理解单词词义及词性，然后根据前后句句意和语法确定单词正确形式，最后通读全文仔细检查。
26．句意：明朝初年，它进行了第六次重建和修复，这使得它看起来像今天的样子。根据time in the early Ming Dynasty以及所给词可知是第六次，用序数词sixth第六。故填sixth。
27．句意：长城的某些部分是用石头建造的，但有些是用"夯土"建造的，夯土是石头和土壤的混合物。根据Some parts of the wall were made of以及所给词可知是由石头建造的，stone石头，此处用名词复数。故填stones。
28．句意：通常夯土会因风雨侵蚀很容易受到损坏。根据rammed earth should be destroyed...以及所给词可知夯土很容易受到损坏，修饰动词用副词easily容易地。故填easily。
29．句意：然而，事实并非如此。此处和前句是转折关系，用however连接。故填However。
30．句意：因此科学家质疑夯土是如何存活如此长时间的。根据rammed earth managed to survive for such a long time以及所给词可知质疑夯土是如何存活如此长时间的，how如何。故填how。
31．句意：现在，他们发现部分墙体已经被一种叫做生物结皮的东西保护起来了。根据have been protected...something可知是被一些东西保护起来，用介词by。故填by。
32．句意：科学家检查了一段370英里长的城墙，发现被生物结皮覆盖的部分比其他部分更好。根据the parts covered in brocrust remained...than other parts.可知被生物结皮覆盖的部分比其他部分更好，用比较级better更好。故填better。
33．句意：他们发现天然材料实际上比夯土更能抵御风雨。根据much stronger...the rain and wind than the rammed earth以及所给词可知是抵御风雨，用介词against。故填against。
34．句意：这说明多年来，生物结皮很好地保护了墙体自身。根据the wall has protected...well with the biocrust over the years.可知，此处指代墙体自身，用代词it的反身代词itself。故填itself。
35．句意：虽然生物结皮看起来并不吸引人，但其天然的保护能力可能是一种非常有用的工具。前后两句是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。注意句首单词首字母要大写，故填Although。
（2024·德州）
sit, get, be, call, continue, know, control, graduate, help, study, happen
Lyu Linyou is a scientist who helps protect the environment in Zhangwu County.
Zhangwu County 36． on the edge of the Horqin sandy land. Sand and dust storms 37． a big problem in the past. At one point, 95% of the county was covered in desert land.
In 2004, Lyu Linyou 38． from college and he was only 24 years old then. The place he started working 39． the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use. He has worked there for 20 years up to now. Nowadays, the institute 40． as the Sand Control and Usage Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
When Lyu Linyou first came to the county, he didn't know much about how 41． sand. But with the help of his colleagues (同事) and local farmers, he quickly learned how to do it.
In order to find the best grass and herbs (草药) for helping the grasslands in Zhangwu Couty grow back, Lyu 42． more than 400 different plants till now. He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well. To our joy, his work shows how science 43． protect the earth and make life better for ever. Because of his hard work, the grasslands in the area 44． healthier day by day.
"Though I have made great progress, I 45． to work hard nonstop to make sure the environment to get better and better," he said, "And I am sure this will also create new jobs for the people in this area in the future."
【答案】36．sits；37．were；38．graduated；39．was called；40．is known；41．to control；42．has studied；43．helps；44．are getting；45．will continue
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了科学家吕林友在彰武县保护环境的故事。
sit坐；get变得；be是；call叫做；continue继续；know知道；control控制；graduate毕业；help帮助；study学习；happen发生。
【点评】考查选词填空，通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及选词判断空格处词义， 根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
36．句意：彰武县坐落在科尔沁沙地边缘。根据Zhangwu County...on the edge of the Horqin sandy land可知，此处表示地理位置，结合备选词汇，sit符合语境，表示"坐落于"。陈述客观事实一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单。故填sits。
37．句意：过去沙尘暴是大问题。根据题干可知，此句为主系表结构，空格处应填系动词，主语storms是复数名词，时间状语为in the past，时态为一般过去时，系动词应是were。故填were。
38．句意：2004年，吕林友大学毕业，当时他只有24岁。根据from college可知，此处应选择动词graduate表示"毕业"。时态应为一般过去时。故填graduated。
39．句意：他开始工作的地方叫做"省沙地利用研究院"。根据the Provincial Institute(研究院)of Sandy Land Use可知，这是他工作单位的名字，应选择动词call"称呼"。主语place和谓语动词call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据"he started working"可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语place是第三人称单数，被动语态的结构应为was+过去分词。故填was called。
40．句意：目前，该研究所被称为辽宁省农业科学院治沙与利用研究所。根据备选词汇know知道和后面的介词as可知，此处是固定词组be known as被称为。由Nowadays可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，系动词用is。故填is known。
41．句意：吕林友刚来这个县的时候，对如何控制沙子不太了解。根据he didn't know much about how...sand以及备选词汇可知，此处是指"控制沙子"。how to do sth.如何做某事是疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。故填to control。
42．句意：为了找到最好的草和草药来帮助彰武县的草原恢复生长，吕至今研究了400多种不同的植物。根据He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well.可知，他研究了400多种植物。study研究，时间状语是till now，时态应为现在完成时，主语是he，现在完成时的结构为has+过去分词。故填has studied。
43．句意：令我们高兴的是，他的作品展示了科学如何帮助保护地球，让生活永远更美好。根据his work shows how science...protect the earth可知，此处应选择动词help表示"帮助"。主语science是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单。故填helps。
44．句意：由于他的辛勤工作，该地区的草原日益健康。根据healthier day by day.可知，此处应选择动词get表示变得。结合时间状语day by day可知，时态应为现在进行时，主语是复数名词grasslands，系动词用are。故填are getting。
45．句意：虽然我取得了很大的进步，但我会不停地努力工作，确保环境越来越好。根据Though I have made great progress, I...to work hard可知，此处应选择动词continue表示继续。根据I have made great progress可知，将来还会继续努力，用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形。故填will continue。
四、阅读表达
（2024·德州）阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。
Often people will do things to anger you. When this happens, it's not good to react immediately, but after you've calmed down, look at the positive (积极的) qualities in that person.
I'm not asking you to be a doormat (受气包) or simply look at the positive qualities when someone is being unkind to you. Instead, I'm suggesting that you take a look at the positive qualities in addition to everything else. Here's an example: Let's say you're taking your son or daughter to a basketball game. You' re in the line and the guy behind you, who is also with his child, starts pushing. You ask him to back off and he gets angry, and perhaps starts shouting. All of this is taking place in front of your child and his child.
Finally things calm down. Perhaps you' re still angry and silently cursing (咒骂) him as you sit in your chair. But can you see anything positive in that person Most people would say no. But at least he was trying to spend some time with his kid just like you did. You don't know anything else about the person, but you just find some posit ve qualities.
Too often we focus only on a person's negative (消极的) qualities and forget the good things. By looking at the positive, you get your mind to move its attention. It now begins to see things differently and thus (所以) sends a different message and different energy to your sense. This will bring positive situations to you. It's that old saying:" What goes around comes around. " You focus on the good things in other people, and other people will see the good things in you and you' ll attract positive situations in your life. For example: 4. ________.
When you do this you also let out the anger and unhappiness, thus creating more positive energy. Try doing thus with people you know and don't know. Creating positive energy is important to your success and happiness. Let's face it. You certainly don't want negative energy or a negative lifestyle.
46．What should you do when a person anger you according to the passage
47．In the writer's opinion, what is the positive quality of the guy
48．What is going to happen if you focus on the good things in other people
49．Give an example of "What goes around comes around" which happened in your life.
50．Summarize (总结) the passage within 30 words.
【答案】46．Calm down and look at the positive qualities in that person.
47．He was trying to spend time with his kid.
48．Other people will see the good things in me and I'll attract positive situations in my life.
49．Once I helped an elderly person find their way, and later when I was lost, someone helped me in return.
50．The passage discusses how to react calmly, focus on others' positive qualities, and attract positive energy in life.
【知识点】人生百味类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了当他人激怒我们时，理智地关注对方的积极品质，可以让我们的心态变得更积极，从而吸引更多正能量，达到更快乐成功的生活。
【点评】考查阅读表达，首先理解文章大意，然后读懂题意，最后从文中抓住关键词句，结合语法确定正确答案。
46．根据第一段When this happens, it's not good to react immediately, but after you've calmed down, look at the positive qualities in that person.可知，当别人激怒我们时，我们应冷静下来，关注对方的积极品质。故填Calm down and look at the positive qualities in that person.。
47．根据But at least he was trying to spend some time with his kid just like you did.可知，作者认为那个男士的积极品质是愿意花时间陪孩子。故填He was trying to spend time with his kid.。
48．根据You focus on the good things in other people,and other people will see the good things in you and you'll attract positive situations in your life.可知，如果关注他人优点，我会吸引更多积极情况。故填Other people will see the good things in me and I'll attract positive situations in my life.。
49．主观题，言之有理即可。可回答：有一次我帮助一位老人认路，后来当我迷路时，有人帮助我作为回报。故填Once I helped an elderly person find their way,and later when I was lost, someone helped me in return.。
50．根据全文内容可知，本文主要讨论如何应对他人的冒犯，关注对方的积极品质，以吸引更多正能量。故填The passage discusses how to react calmly,focus on others' positive qualities,and attract positive energy in life.。
五、书面表达
51．（2024·德州）纸袋在生活中被广泛使用。学校英语社团要开展主题调研成果展示活动，请你根据提示写一篇主题为"advantages and disadvantages of paper bags"的演讲稿，从不同角度辩证陈述其优缺点并说明原因，除提示内容外，须各补充一条，并简要概括。
Points Sides & Reasons Conclusion (结论)
environment protecting 1. friendly to the environment; recycled easily; 2. ... 1. a waste of wood; cut trees; 2. ...
experience of using l. convenient to carry; light and thin; 2. ... 1. not strong enough to hold heavy things; easy to break; 2. ...
要求：
1. 语言通顺，要点齐全，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称；
3. 80～100词，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
We've done a survey on "advantages and disadvantages of paper bags" and collected different ideas. On the point of environment protecting, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
We've done a survey on "advantages and disadvantages of paper bags" and collected different ideas.
On the point of environment protecting, they are friendly to the environment and they are recycled easily. They can also be recycled. But they also have disadvantages. To make more paper bags, we need to cut down more forests. They also waste more wood. They are also relatively expensive. In my life, I often carry things in paper bags. They are more convenient to carry. They are also lighter and thinner. When we use them to carry things, it will be more dignified. But sometimes they're not strong enough to hold heavy things. They are also very easy to break. Of course, if they encounter a lot of water, they can't hold anything.
In conclusion, protecting the environment is the most important.
【知识点】应用文写作；环保意识与环保行为；演讲稿
【解析】【分析】这是一篇演讲稿写作，主要介绍纸袋的优点和缺点。时态是现在完成时、一般将来时和一般现在时，首先介绍关于纸包的优缺点有不同的看法；然后具体介绍纸袋的优点和缺点；最后总结。注意运用好词好句，同时注意恰当使用连词，使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
【点评】作文内容全面，运用好词好句，如on the point of；be friendly to；need to do；cut down；in one's life；be convenient to do；use sth. to do sth.；be+形容词+enough to do sth.；a lot of；in conclusion等。好词好句的运用为文章增色不少，如被动语态On the point of environment protecting, they are friendly to the environment and they are recycled easily. They can also be recycled.；比较级To make more paper bags, we need to cut down more forests.They also waste more wood.They are more convenient to carry.They are also lighter and thinner.；状语从句When we use them to carry things, it will be more dignified.；状语从句if they encounter a lot of water, they can't hold anything.；动名词做主语和最高级In conclusion, protecting the environment is the most important.等。连词but、if、and的运用使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
1 / 1山东省德州市2024年中考英语真题
一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（2024·德州）
Study Tour Programmes
June 7, 2024 17:14
Founded in 1911, Heshan University (HSU) has a history of 113 years. Thanks to its ideal geographical location on the banks of the Yellow River, HSU has been able to offer excellent study tour programmes since 2000.
HSU has three study tour programmes on Chinese Language & Culture, Qilu Folk Customs and Traditional Chinese Art. Among them, the Chinese Language & Culture study tour programme was the first officially put into practice in 2000, four years before the other two programmes. It serves students from all over the world, and especially shows the Chinese culture to foreign students. Here is the information about this programme.
Chinese Language & Culture Study Tour Programme
Who can join
Group of 10 or more students over 14 years old
What do we offer
Mind the timetable below. Don't miss the courses.
Courses Topics Time Content
1 Chinese language Monday （8:00—20:00） daily using Chinese including greetings, family, shopping, food and drink, etc.
2 Confucius's thoughts Tuesday （8:00—16:00） Confucian culture and historical background
3 landscape (景观) design Thursday （9:00—18:00） basics about landscape design enjoying the Chinese garden scenery
4 Chinese cooking Friday （9:00—12:00） making dumplings
5 Tai Chi Saturday （6:00—7:30） Tai Chi practice
6 tea culture Saturday （7:30—12:00） historical renew of Chinese tea culture tea art
7 tour to the peony (牡丹) gallery Sunday （14:00—16:00） peony plantation peony paintings
8 educational ideas of Confucius Sunday （16:00—18:00） education stories of Confucius Confucius's thoughts on education
Notes
During the stay, you' re not allowed to go around the university except weekends.
How to join
1. Fill out the online application form http://www. hsu. /
2. Prepare a copy of the ID card or passport.
3. Email the application form and the copy to hsustudyour@.
More information
Tel: 87662528, Allan Wang
Website: http://www. hsu. /
1．How long has HSU offered study tour programmes
A．For 113 years. B．For 24 years.
C．For 20 years. D．For 4 years.
2．Which group can join in the programme
A．5 students from all over the world.
B．8 foreign students.
C．11 students aged 16.
D．20 Chinese students aged 9.
3．In which courses can Confucius's thoughts be learned
A．Course 1 and Course 8. B．Course 2 and Course 5.
C．Course 1 and Course 6. D．Course 2 and Course 8.
4．When can groups for the programme go around the university
A．On Wednesday morning. B．On Thursday morning.
C．On Saturday afternoon. D．On Sunday afternoon.
5．How should students know the cost of the programme
A．Find it out in the form.
B．Search at http:// www. hsu. /.
C．Email to hsu. studytour@.
D．Search at http://www. hsu. /.
（2024·德州）When Liu Lingli was a child, she first communicated with a hearing-impaired person, her neighbor Mrs Wang. But Liu could not understand what she was trying to express with her gestures (手势) if Wang's husband didn't explain it. "Even as a child, I felt loved by her kind gesture, and thought it would be great if she could speak," Liu said.
Later she became a teacher in a special school where some students had the same problem as Wang. It was such a hard job that she was at a loss and thought about giving up at the beginning, but she didn't as she thought of Wang's pain on the face.
Later, unluckily, Liu's own 7-month-old son was also found to have the same problem, which shocked but never frightened Liu. Instead of getting her child treated in hospital, she decided to provide treatment for her son by herself after work. Since then, Liu could better understand the families with children like her son and put more efforts to help them live better in society. She started speaking rebuilding training by self-teaching. Thanks to Liu's tireless efforts, her son and her students showed great improvement and some of them became successful later.
Deng Liang, one of Liu's first students, works now for a State-owned enterprise (企业) in Changsha. "Ms Liu taught me to be kind, optimistic (乐观的) and hard-working to build a better life, which has pushed me forward all these years," he said.
Liu Hanxiang, a famous dancer now, texted Liu Lungli a message thanking her for her efforts. " Ms Liu, my performance today was a great success. I want to thank you. Without you, I would not have become who I am today." Liu Lingli burst into tears when she read the message.
For her contributions (贡献) to society, Liu Lingli received the award of Person Touching China for 2023. Liu said, "There is still a lot to do to ensure disabled people can find suitable jobs. The media also needs to tell more stories of people with disability who have built successful careers so as to encourage children with disability to improve their lives through learning."
6．What made Liu Lingli continue the job though it was hard at first
A．Wang's husband's explanation.
B．Wang's pain of communication challenges.
C．Wang's kind gesture.
D．The students' problems.
7．What does "then" refer to
A．Being shocked by her son's problem.
B．Getting her son treated in hospital.
C．Treating her son by herself.
D．Understanding families alike better.
8．Why was Deng Liang mentioned as an example in the passage
A．To show Deng's efforts.
B．To show Deng's thanks to Liu Lingli.
C．To show Lu Lungli's great efforts to help students.
D．To show Liu Lingli's contributions to society.
9．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To ensure disabled people to find suitable jobs.
B．To tell the stones of successful people with disability.
C．To call on people to help Liu Lingli.
D．To praise Liu Lingli's actions of helping the disabled.
10．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Improving lives through learning
B．Adding sound to the life of the hearing-impaired
C．Loving students as her own children
D．Building successful careers by working hard
（2024·德州）Su Bingtian made history becoming the first Chinese male sprinter (短跑运动员) to reach the Olympic 100 m final in 2021. Not only that, he also set a new record with a time of 9. 83 seconds during the semi-finals of the event. This achievement showed his talent and speed on the world stage. Few runners in the world can even come close. Why some people can run very fast while others run more slowly Genes (基因) play a role, but so do your choices and experiences.
One mayor factor (因素) that influences your ability to run fast is how you are built, including how your muscles (肌肉) work. The human body has more than 600 muscles that work together. These muscles are made up of groups of fibers (纤维). There are two main types. One is mainly fast twitch (快缩肌), used for sprinting and similar sports. The other is mostly slow twitch, used for jogging and some types of sports at low speeds.
Fast-twitch muscle fibers are larger. They help your body move quickly and produce serious force. Short﹣distance runners usually have plenty of fast﹣twitch muscle fibers. However, this muscle fiber type also tares quickly, so you can only run a short distance at the top speed.
Slow-twitch muscle fibers are smaller and help you run at lower speeds, but with greater endurance. Long-distance runners usually have a lot of these muscles.
How much you have of each type of muscle fibers mostly depends on your genes. But exercise can help train those muscles.
Physical ability isn't just about muscle. Your brain plays an important role, too. Your muscles are controlled by your brain. You can teach your body to use the best running techniques. That includes proper posture (姿势), so your body is standing tall. That also includes a proper step forward, so your feet land below you instead of landing too far in front, which can slow you down. Using proper running techniques helps the muscles create more force and work together, which helps you run faster.
11．Which of the following is the characteristic of fast-twitch muscle fibers
A．Larger. B．Smaller.
C．Weak to produce power. D．Good for long-distance summers.
12．Which sport is suitable for people with more slow-twitch muscles
A．Sprinting. B．Marathon.
C．High jump. D．110 m hurdles.
13．What does the underlined word "endurance" mean in Paragraph 4
A．The power to last long. B．The state to survive.
C．The ability to stay calm. D．The quality to be patient.
14．Which is the best running posture
A． B． C． D．
15．In which magazine can you read the passage
A．Sports World B．Fashion Show
C．Mysterious Space D．Healthy Diet
（2024·德州）
You already know why cicadas (蝉) are so unbelievably noisy: males produce the sound to attract females. But do you know some of them appear above ground only every 17 years
There are more than 3, 000 kinds of cicadas, which fall into two types: annual cicadas, which emerge (出现) every year, and periodical (周期) cicadas, which spend most of their lives underground and only emerge once every few years. The 17-year cicada is one of the periodical cicadas with the longest known insect life cycle. Every 17 years, like clockwork, they appear. Shortly after hatching (孵化) from its egg, a 17-year-old cicada nymph (若虫) digs down into the ground, where it spends—as its name suggests—the first 17 years of its life. When it comes out from the ground, it lives only four to six more weeks—just long enough to lay eggs, and the cycle starts all over again.
Periodical cicadas don't spend their years sleeping underground. Instead, they are active in their wingless nymph forms, digging tunnels (隧道).
Though not proven, many scientists believe that periodical cicadas have a molecular clock (分子钟) inside their bodies that notes the passing of years through environmental signs. As trees go through their seasonal cycles, the sap (汁) of their roots (根) changes. And when cicada nymphs feed on this sap, they are likely to pick up signs of the passing of time. The 17th trees' seasonal cycle gives the nymphs their final sign: it's time to emerge.
When the cicada nymphs come out from their underground homes depends on temperature. After their 17 years are up, the cicadas wait for the perfect temperature before making the Journey to the surface—when the soil about 8 inches (20 cm) underground reaches 64°F, or 18℃. This means that cicadas will appear at different times in different parts of the world: the soil in one place may reach the ideal temperature before the soil in another. But once that temperature is reached, all the cicadas in the area will feel it and make the journey to the surface together.
When they emerge, the cicadas aren't yet in their adult form. They're still nymphs, and they remain so until they molt (蜕皮) for the final time. Once their fresh exoskeletons (外骨骼) have hardened, they take to the trees with their new-found wings, and the males begin their loud mating calls in order to attract females. Then females lay eggs in dry branches. After that, both males and females die.
And now we're back where we started . Newborn cicada nymphs fall or move down from the trees and go into the ground, not to be seen for another 17 years.
16．Which one is TRUE about periodical cicadas
A．All of them make loud noises.
B．They emerge every year.
C．They hatch underground.
D．They have different life-cycle lengths.
17．What may the 17-year cicadas do underground during the first 17 years of their lives
A．Laying eggs. B．Sleeping all the time.
C．Hatching from eggs. D．Digging tunnels.
18．How do cicadas know when 17 years have passed according to scientists
A．By feeling the environmental changes.
B．By climbing up trees.
C．By testing the temperature.
D．By getting information from adult cicadas.
19．What decides a cicada's emergence time
A．The temperature. B．The soil.
C．The area where it stays. D．Its exoskeleton.
20．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Reasons why cicadas are unbelievably noisy.
B．Types of periodical cicadas.
C．The life cycle of the 17-year cicada.
D．Living habits of the 17-year cicada.
二、短文还原
（2024·德州）短文还原
Here are some things you may want to think about when designing your stadium.
The first step of the invention process is to "think it". This includes finding a problem you would like to solve, or imagining something you plan to create. 21． , "What problem does it solve What sports or events will take place in your stadium Where will it be located How will your idea be new and different "
The next step is to "explore it". You ask: "How have inventors created solutions in the past " and then carry out research to learn more about the problem they would like to solve, or the idea they would like to create. This is done to understand solutions that may already exist. 22． .
Inventors use drawing as a way to organize their ideas. 23． . You can draw your ideas with paper and pencil or use any means of expression that is comfortable for you. Remember! Inventors seldom get it right on the first try.
24． Build a model which will show the size, shape and form of your stadium. Now that you have created your 3 D model, take some time to think about how your stadium looks and how it would work for an event.
Now it's time to think about how it would work, and share your idea with others. Ask yourself, "What changes can I make to improve my stadium " Sharing an idea also happens when you present your idea to others after you have made your final changes.
Inventors typically don't succeed with an invention on the first try. Usually, inventors change their ideas many times before they are finished to make them work better. 25． , once changes are made. It can take many tries to make your ideas work or look the way you imagined they would.
A. To get started you can ask yourself
B. Inventors test their inventions again
C. Now it is time to see their idea turn into something real
D. Once you have created your design, move on to the next step
E. It allows inventors to imagine what their invention might look like and how it will work
F. They learn from what others have tried and make sure that their solutions are new or different
三、综合填空
（2024·德州）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。
it, stone, six, by, easy, how, building, good, against, however, although
The Juyongguan Great Wall was built during the Spring and Autumn Period. It was rebuilt and repaired for the 26． time in the early Ming Dynasty, which makes it look like what it is today. Recently, a group of scientists from China Agricultural University in Beijing made a study on the Juyongguan Great Wall, and they found an amazing fact.
Some parts of the wall were made of 27． , but some were built of "rammed earth", which is a mixture of rocks and soil. Usually, rammed earth should be destroyed (破坏) 28． by wind and rain over time. 29． , the fact is not like that. So scientists questioned 30． rammed earth managed to survive for such a long time. And now they have found that parts of the wall have been protected 31． something called biocrust (生物结皮). This is a thin layer of plant life, including moss (苔藓), lichen (地衣) and other things.
The scientists examined a 370-mile-long section of the wall and found that the parts covered in brocrust remained 32． than other parts. The scientists took some samples (样本) of the biocrust back to their lab for testing. They found the natural material was actually much stronger 33． the rain and wind than the rammed earth. This means that the wall has protected 34． well with the biocrust over the years.
These findings could be important. 35． biocrust may not look attractive, its natural ability to protect things could be a very useful tool. It offers the experts who manage ancient buildings a good way to protect them.
（2024·德州）
sit, get, be, call, continue, know, control, graduate, help, study, happen
Lyu Linyou is a scientist who helps protect the environment in Zhangwu County.
Zhangwu County 36． on the edge of the Horqin sandy land. Sand and dust storms 37． a big problem in the past. At one point, 95% of the county was covered in desert land.
In 2004, Lyu Linyou 38． from college and he was only 24 years old then. The place he started working 39． the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use. He has worked there for 20 years up to now. Nowadays, the institute 40． as the Sand Control and Usage Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
When Lyu Linyou first came to the county, he didn't know much about how 41． sand. But with the help of his colleagues (同事) and local farmers, he quickly learned how to do it.
In order to find the best grass and herbs (草药) for helping the grasslands in Zhangwu Couty grow back, Lyu 42． more than 400 different plants till now. He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well. To our joy, his work shows how science 43． protect the earth and make life better for ever. Because of his hard work, the grasslands in the area 44． healthier day by day.
"Though I have made great progress, I 45． to work hard nonstop to make sure the environment to get better and better," he said, "And I am sure this will also create new jobs for the people in this area in the future."
四、阅读表达
（2024·德州）阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。
Often people will do things to anger you. When this happens, it's not good to react immediately, but after you've calmed down, look at the positive (积极的) qualities in that person.
I'm not asking you to be a doormat (受气包) or simply look at the positive qualities when someone is being unkind to you. Instead, I'm suggesting that you take a look at the positive qualities in addition to everything else. Here's an example: Let's say you're taking your son or daughter to a basketball game. You' re in the line and the guy behind you, who is also with his child, starts pushing. You ask him to back off and he gets angry, and perhaps starts shouting. All of this is taking place in front of your child and his child.
Finally things calm down. Perhaps you' re still angry and silently cursing (咒骂) him as you sit in your chair. But can you see anything positive in that person Most people would say no. But at least he was trying to spend some time with his kid just like you did. You don't know anything else about the person, but you just find some posit ve qualities.
Too often we focus only on a person's negative (消极的) qualities and forget the good things. By looking at the positive, you get your mind to move its attention. It now begins to see things differently and thus (所以) sends a different message and different energy to your sense. This will bring positive situations to you. It's that old saying:" What goes around comes around. " You focus on the good things in other people, and other people will see the good things in you and you' ll attract positive situations in your life. For example: 4. ________.
When you do this you also let out the anger and unhappiness, thus creating more positive energy. Try doing thus with people you know and don't know. Creating positive energy is important to your success and happiness. Let's face it. You certainly don't want negative energy or a negative lifestyle.
46．What should you do when a person anger you according to the passage
47．In the writer's opinion, what is the positive quality of the guy
48．What is going to happen if you focus on the good things in other people
49．Give an example of "What goes around comes around" which happened in your life.
50．Summarize (总结) the passage within 30 words.
五、书面表达
51．（2024·德州）纸袋在生活中被广泛使用。学校英语社团要开展主题调研成果展示活动，请你根据提示写一篇主题为"advantages and disadvantages of paper bags"的演讲稿，从不同角度辩证陈述其优缺点并说明原因，除提示内容外，须各补充一条，并简要概括。
Points Sides & Reasons Conclusion (结论)
environment protecting 1. friendly to the environment; recycled easily; 2. ... 1. a waste of wood; cut trees; 2. ...
experience of using l. convenient to carry; light and thin; 2. ... 1. not strong enough to hold heavy things; easy to break; 2. ...
要求：
1. 语言通顺，要点齐全，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称；
3. 80～100词，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
We've done a survey on "advantages and disadvantages of paper bags" and collected different ideas. On the point of environment protecting, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．D
4．C
5．D
【知识点】旅游观光类；应用文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了河山大学开设的优秀的研学旅行项目的信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
1．细节理解题。根据HSU has been able to offer excellent study tour programmes since 2000可知，HSU自2000年以来提供游学项目，故已经提供了24年。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Group of 10 or more students over 14 years old可知，符合条件的是10名或以上的14岁以上学生组成的团体。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据表格2 Confucius's thoughts"和表"8 educational ideas of Confucius可知，孔子的思想可以在课程2和课程8中学习，故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据During the stay, you're not allowed to go around the university except weekends及表格中5、6、7、8的课程时间安排可知，周六上午及周日下午都有课，除了周末其他时间都不可以在校园里走动，所以团体可以在周六下午在校园里走动。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据Website: http://www. hsu. /可知，学生应该在http://www. hsu. /上查询项目费用信息。故选D。
【答案】6．B
7．A
8．D
9．D
10．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文；志愿服务与公共服务；细节理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了刘玲琍与听障人士之间的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
6．细节理解题。根据It was such a hard job that she was at a loss and thought about giving up at the beginning,but she didn't as she thought of Wang's pain on the face可知，王先生沟通困难时的痛苦让刘玲琍继续这项工作。故选B。
7．词义猜测题。根据Later,unluckily,Liu's own 7-month-old son was also found to have the same problem, which shocked but never frightened Liu. Instead of getting her child treated in hospital, she decided to provide treatment for her son by herself after work. Since then, Liu could better understand the families with children like her son and put more efforts to help them live better in society可知，不幸的是，刘自己7个月大的儿子也被发现有同样的问题，这让刘感到震惊，但从未让他害怕，她决定下班后自己给儿子治病，而不是让孩子住院。从那时起，刘可以更好地了解像她儿子这样有孩子的家庭，并更加努力地帮助他们更好地生活在社会中，故此处"then"指的是"对儿子的问题感到震惊"。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据Deng Liang, one of Liu's first students, works now for a State-owned enterprise (企业) in Changsha. ‘Ms Liu taught me to be kind, optimistic (乐观的) and hard-working to build a better life, which has pushed me forward all these years可知，邓亮是刘的第一批学生之一，目前在长沙的一家国有企业工作，文中提到邓亮作为例子是为了展示刘对社会的贡献。故选D。
9．文章大意题。本文主要讲述了刘玲琍与听障人士之间的故事，因此这篇文章的目的是表扬刘玲琍帮助残疾人的行为。故选D。
10．标题选择题。本文主要讲述了刘玲琍与听障人士之间的故事，以选项B"为听力受损者的生活增添声音"为标题最合适。故选B。
【答案】11．A
12．B
13．A
14．C
15．A
【知识点】说明文；常见运动项目；细节理解；词义猜测；文章出处
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了影响跑步速度的因素，包括基因、肌肉类型（快肌纤维和慢肌纤维）、身体构造以及大脑对运动技巧的控制。通过适当的训练和正确的跑步技术，可以提高跑步速度和效率。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先读懂文章大意，然后理解题意，从文中抓住关键词句，理解句意，最终选择正确答案。
11．细节理解题。根据Fast-twitch muscle fibers are larger.可知，快肌纤维的特征是较大，故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据The other is mostly slow twitch,used for jogging and some types of sports at low speeds.及Slow-twitch muscle fibers are smaller and help you run at lower speeds,but with greater endurance. Long-distance runners usually have a lot of these muscles.可知，慢肌纤维小，耐力较强，适合马拉松等长跑运动，故选B。
13．词义猜测题。根据Slow-twitch muscle fibers are smaller and help you run at lower speeds,but with greater endurance.可知，慢肌纤维帮助低速持续运动，因此endurance指的是"持久力"，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据That includes proper posture,so your body is standing tall. That also includes a proper step forward,so your feet land be low you instead of landing too far in front,which can slow you down.可知，正确的跑步姿势应为站姿高直，脚刚好落在身体下方，故选C。
15．文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了跑步技巧和肌肉类型，属于体育范畴，因此能在体育世界杂志上读这篇文章，故选A。
【答案】16．D
17．D
18．A
19．A
20．C
【知识点】说明文；常见的动物及其生活环境；细节理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了17年出现一次的周期蝉的生命历程。
【点评】考查阅读理解，解答时注意细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，选择正确答案。
16．细节理解题。根据The 17-year cicada is one of the periodical cicadas with the longest known insect life cycle.可知周期性蝉有不同的生命周期长度。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段Periodical cicadas don't spend their years sleeping underground. Instead, they are active in their wingless nymph forms,digging tunnels.可知17年的蝉在它们生命的前17年里会在地下挖隧道。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据Though not proven,many scientists believe that periodical cicadas have a molecular clock(分子钟)inside their bodies that notes the passing of years through environmental signs.可知，根据科学家的说法，蝉通过感受环境的变化知道17年过去了。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据But once that temperature is reached, all the cicadas in the area will feel it and make the journey to the surface together.可知，温度决定了蝉的出现时间。故选A。
20．文章大意题。根据全文内容可知，主要介绍了17年出现一次的周期蝉的生命历程。故选C
【答案】21．A；22．F；23．E；24．C；25．B
【知识点】说明文；建筑作品赏析与文化价值
【解析】【分析】短文主要介绍了设计体育场时需要考虑的几个步骤。
【点评】考查阅读还原，首先浏览文章大意，然后理解选项意思，最后根据前后句句意和关键词句确定正确答案。
21．根据前文"The first step of the invention process is to ‘think it'. This includes finding a problem you would like to solve, or imagining something you plan to create."可知，此处说的是要思考并找到需要解决的问题，A项"首先，你可以问自己"符合语境。故选A。
22．根据前文"The next step is to ‘explore it'. You ask: ‘How have inventors created solutions in the past ' and then carry out research to learn more about the problem they would like to solve, or the idea they would like to create."可知，此处说的是探索已有的解决方案并进行研究，F项"他们从其他人的尝试中学习，并确保他们的解决方案是新的或不同的"符合语境。故选F。
23．根据前文"Inventors use drawing as a way to organize their ideas."可知此处说的是通过绘制草图来组织和表达想法，E项"它允许发明家想象他们的发明可能是什么样子以及它将如何工作"符合语境。故选E。
24．根据后文"Build a model which will show the size, shape and form of your stadium. "可知此处说的是制作模型来展示设计的实际效果，所以C项"现在是时候看到他们的想法变成现实了"符合语境。故选C。
25．根据"It can take many tries to make your ideas work or look the way you imagined they would."可知，此处说的是不断改进和完善设计，B项"发明家再次测试他们的发明"符合语境。故选B。
【答案】26．sixth；27．stones；28．easily；29．However；30．how；31．by；32．better；33．against；34．itself；35．Although
【知识点】说明文；建筑作品赏析与文化价值
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了居庸关长城的历史和科学家们对其建筑材料的研究。
it它；stone石头；six6；by通过；easy简单的；how怎样；building建筑物；good好的；against反对；however然而；although尽管。
【点评】考查选词填空，首先理解单词词义及词性，然后根据前后句句意和语法确定单词正确形式，最后通读全文仔细检查。
26．句意：明朝初年，它进行了第六次重建和修复，这使得它看起来像今天的样子。根据time in the early Ming Dynasty以及所给词可知是第六次，用序数词sixth第六。故填sixth。
27．句意：长城的某些部分是用石头建造的，但有些是用"夯土"建造的，夯土是石头和土壤的混合物。根据Some parts of the wall were made of以及所给词可知是由石头建造的，stone石头，此处用名词复数。故填stones。
28．句意：通常夯土会因风雨侵蚀很容易受到损坏。根据rammed earth should be destroyed...以及所给词可知夯土很容易受到损坏，修饰动词用副词easily容易地。故填easily。
29．句意：然而，事实并非如此。此处和前句是转折关系，用however连接。故填However。
30．句意：因此科学家质疑夯土是如何存活如此长时间的。根据rammed earth managed to survive for such a long time以及所给词可知质疑夯土是如何存活如此长时间的，how如何。故填how。
31．句意：现在，他们发现部分墙体已经被一种叫做生物结皮的东西保护起来了。根据have been protected...something可知是被一些东西保护起来，用介词by。故填by。
32．句意：科学家检查了一段370英里长的城墙，发现被生物结皮覆盖的部分比其他部分更好。根据the parts covered in brocrust remained...than other parts.可知被生物结皮覆盖的部分比其他部分更好，用比较级better更好。故填better。
33．句意：他们发现天然材料实际上比夯土更能抵御风雨。根据much stronger...the rain and wind than the rammed earth以及所给词可知是抵御风雨，用介词against。故填against。
34．句意：这说明多年来，生物结皮很好地保护了墙体自身。根据the wall has protected...well with the biocrust over the years.可知，此处指代墙体自身，用代词it的反身代词itself。故填itself。
35．句意：虽然生物结皮看起来并不吸引人，但其天然的保护能力可能是一种非常有用的工具。前后两句是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。注意句首单词首字母要大写，故填Although。
【答案】36．sits；37．were；38．graduated；39．was called；40．is known；41．to control；42．has studied；43．helps；44．are getting；45．will continue
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了科学家吕林友在彰武县保护环境的故事。
sit坐；get变得；be是；call叫做；continue继续；know知道；control控制；graduate毕业；help帮助；study学习；happen发生。
【点评】考查选词填空，通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及选词判断空格处词义， 根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
36．句意：彰武县坐落在科尔沁沙地边缘。根据Zhangwu County...on the edge of the Horqin sandy land可知，此处表示地理位置，结合备选词汇，sit符合语境，表示"坐落于"。陈述客观事实一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单。故填sits。
37．句意：过去沙尘暴是大问题。根据题干可知，此句为主系表结构，空格处应填系动词，主语storms是复数名词，时间状语为in the past，时态为一般过去时，系动词应是were。故填were。
38．句意：2004年，吕林友大学毕业，当时他只有24岁。根据from college可知，此处应选择动词graduate表示"毕业"。时态应为一般过去时。故填graduated。
39．句意：他开始工作的地方叫做"省沙地利用研究院"。根据the Provincial Institute(研究院)of Sandy Land Use可知，这是他工作单位的名字，应选择动词call"称呼"。主语place和谓语动词call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据"he started working"可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语place是第三人称单数，被动语态的结构应为was+过去分词。故填was called。
40．句意：目前，该研究所被称为辽宁省农业科学院治沙与利用研究所。根据备选词汇know知道和后面的介词as可知，此处是固定词组be known as被称为。由Nowadays可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，系动词用is。故填is known。
41．句意：吕林友刚来这个县的时候，对如何控制沙子不太了解。根据he didn't know much about how...sand以及备选词汇可知，此处是指"控制沙子"。how to do sth.如何做某事是疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。故填to control。
42．句意：为了找到最好的草和草药来帮助彰武县的草原恢复生长，吕至今研究了400多种不同的植物。根据He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well.可知，他研究了400多种植物。study研究，时间状语是till now，时态应为现在完成时，主语是he，现在完成时的结构为has+过去分词。故填has studied。
43．句意：令我们高兴的是，他的作品展示了科学如何帮助保护地球，让生活永远更美好。根据his work shows how science...protect the earth可知，此处应选择动词help表示"帮助"。主语science是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单。故填helps。
44．句意：由于他的辛勤工作，该地区的草原日益健康。根据healthier day by day.可知，此处应选择动词get表示变得。结合时间状语day by day可知，时态应为现在进行时，主语是复数名词grasslands，系动词用are。故填are getting。
45．句意：虽然我取得了很大的进步，但我会不停地努力工作，确保环境越来越好。根据Though I have made great progress, I...to work hard可知，此处应选择动词continue表示继续。根据I have made great progress可知，将来还会继续努力，用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形。故填will continue。
【答案】46．Calm down and look at the positive qualities in that person.
47．He was trying to spend time with his kid.
48．Other people will see the good things in me and I'll attract positive situations in my life.
49．Once I helped an elderly person find their way, and later when I was lost, someone helped me in return.
50．The passage discusses how to react calmly, focus on others' positive qualities, and attract positive energy in life.
【知识点】人生百味类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了当他人激怒我们时，理智地关注对方的积极品质，可以让我们的心态变得更积极，从而吸引更多正能量，达到更快乐成功的生活。
【点评】考查阅读表达，首先理解文章大意，然后读懂题意，最后从文中抓住关键词句，结合语法确定正确答案。
46．根据第一段When this happens, it's not good to react immediately, but after you've calmed down, look at the positive qualities in that person.可知，当别人激怒我们时，我们应冷静下来，关注对方的积极品质。故填Calm down and look at the positive qualities in that person.。
47．根据But at least he was trying to spend some time with his kid just like you did.可知，作者认为那个男士的积极品质是愿意花时间陪孩子。故填He was trying to spend time with his kid.。
48．根据You focus on the good things in other people,and other people will see the good things in you and you'll attract positive situations in your life.可知，如果关注他人优点，我会吸引更多积极情况。故填Other people will see the good things in me and I'll attract positive situations in my life.。
49．主观题，言之有理即可。可回答：有一次我帮助一位老人认路，后来当我迷路时，有人帮助我作为回报。故填Once I helped an elderly person find their way,and later when I was lost, someone helped me in return.。
50．根据全文内容可知，本文主要讨论如何应对他人的冒犯，关注对方的积极品质，以吸引更多正能量。故填The passage discusses how to react calmly,focus on others' positive qualities,and attract positive energy in life.。
51．【答案】例文
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
We've done a survey on "advantages and disadvantages of paper bags" and collected different ideas.
On the point of environment protecting, they are friendly to the environment and they are recycled easily. They can also be recycled. But they also have disadvantages. To make more paper bags, we need to cut down more forests. They also waste more wood. They are also relatively expensive. In my life, I often carry things in paper bags. They are more convenient to carry. They are also lighter and thinner. When we use them to carry things, it will be more dignified. But sometimes they're not strong enough to hold heavy things. They are also very easy to break. Of course, if they encounter a lot of water, they can't hold anything.
In conclusion, protecting the environment is the most important.
【知识点】应用文写作；环保意识与环保行为；演讲稿
【解析】【分析】这是一篇演讲稿写作，主要介绍纸袋的优点和缺点。时态是现在完成时、一般将来时和一般现在时，首先介绍关于纸包的优缺点有不同的看法；然后具体介绍纸袋的优点和缺点；最后总结。注意运用好词好句，同时注意恰当使用连词，使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
【点评】作文内容全面，运用好词好句，如on the point of；be friendly to；need to do；cut down；in one's life；be convenient to do；use sth. to do sth.；be+形容词+enough to do sth.；a lot of；in conclusion等。好词好句的运用为文章增色不少，如被动语态On the point of environment protecting, they are friendly to the environment and they are recycled easily. They can also be recycled.；比较级To make more paper bags, we need to cut down more forests.They also waste more wood.They are more convenient to carry.They are also lighter and thinner.；状语从句When we use them to carry things, it will be more dignified.；状语从句if they encounter a lot of water, they can't hold anything.；动名词做主语和最高级In conclusion, protecting the environment is the most important.等。连词but、if、and的运用使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
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