仁爱新版八上 单元语法同步讲义(学生版)
Unit 6 Earth and Its Neighbors
第11讲:后缀 -ness的用法
语法考点
概念:
在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法或词缀法。加在前面的词缀叫 ,加在后面的词缀叫 。
一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的 ,不改变词根的 ;而后缀往往改变词根的 ,有些也涉及意义的变化。
本节课主要探讨英语中常见的形容词后缀 -ness的用法。
【考点01】后缀 -ness的含义:
后缀 -ness 是英语中常见的名词后缀,通过在形容词(或少数分词)后添加该后缀,将其转化为抽象名词,属于派生法构词。其核心作用是改变原词词性(
由 变为 ),主要表达 “性质、状态、程度”,可译为 “…… 性”“…… 状态”“…… 度”。
如:①kind(adj.善良的)→ (n.善良;善意)
她的善良帮助了很多贫困儿童。
②sad(adj.悲伤的)→ (n.悲伤;悲痛)
她眼中的泪水流露着悲伤。
③dark(adj.黑暗的)→ (n.黑暗;阴暗)
夜晚的黑暗让我们走得很慢。
【考点02】后缀 -ness的构词规律:
后缀 -ness 通常附着在形容词后,少数情况下可附着在分词后,拼写需注意以下规则:
(1)一般情况(形容词直接加 ):
如:①sad(adj.悲伤的)→ (n.悲伤)
我感觉到深深的悲痛。
②weak(adj.虚弱的)→ (n.虚弱)
长期生病导致了他的虚弱。
③quick(adj.快速的)→ (n.迅速)
他奔跑的迅速让他赢得了比赛。
④tired(adj.疲倦的)→ (n.疲倦,分词变名词)
旅行后,疲倦让她睡了一整天。
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词:先将y变为 ,再加 :
如:①happy(adj.快乐的)→ (n.幸福)
家庭时光给我们带来很多幸福。
②angry(adj.生气的)→ (n.愤怒)
他的愤怒让所有人都安静了。
③busy(adj.忙碌的)→ (n.忙碌)
城市的忙碌从未停止。
(3)以“le” 结尾的形容词:
如:①simple(adj.简单的)→ (n.简单;朴素)
这个计划的简单性让它容易执行。
②able(adj.有能力的)→ (n.能力)
他在数学上的能力帮他解决了难题。
(4)不规则变形:
如:①different(adj.不同的)→ (n.差异)
猫和狗之间有很多差异。
②important(adj.重要的)→ (n.重要性)
水的重要性对每个人来说都很明显。
【考点03】后缀 -ness构成的名词在句中的用法:
由 -ness 构成的名词为抽象名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,与普通名词用法一致:
(1)作主语(表示抽象概念作动作的 ):
如:
善良能温暖人心。
(2)作宾语(表示抽象概念作动作的 ):
如:
她无法掩饰自己的悲伤。
(3)作表语(说明主语的 ):
如:
他的虚弱让他放弃了。
(二)同步练习
一、单词转换(根据提示写出带后缀-ness的单词)
1.sad → (n.悲伤)
2.weak → (n.虚弱)
3.happy → (n.幸福)
4.ill → (n.疾病)
5.dark → (n.黑暗)
6.quick → (n.迅速)
7.tired → (n.疲倦)
8.angry → (n.愤怒)
9.busy → (n.忙碌)
10.simple → (n.简单)
11.able → (n.能力)
12.bright → (n.明亮)
13.noisy → (n.吵闹)
14.sleepy → (n.困倦)
15.dirty → (n.肮脏)
16.lonely → (n.孤独)
17.lazy → (n.懒惰)
18.thirsty → (n.口渴)
19.kind → (n.善良)
20.quiet → (n.安静)
用所给词的正确形式填空。
The high cost is a big in space exploration.(week)
The growing of tourists will bring us great benefits as well as huge challenges.(busy)
So many stars shine in the .What a beautiful night!(dark)
Nature can fill our lives with real joy,peace and .(happy)
5.The (kind)of the old man moved everyone.
6.She showed great (brave)in facing the difficulty.
7.The (sad)in her voice made us feel sorry for her.
8.His (weak)made it hard for him to carry the box.
9.Children’s (happy)is the best gift for parents.
10.Long-term (ill)made her very thin.
11.The (dark)of the forest scared the little girl.
12.After the long walk, (tired)filled all of us.
13.Her (able)to solve problems surprised everyone.
14.There is a big (different)between the two plans.
15.We all know the (important)of learning English.
16.The (bright)of the sun hurts my eyes.
17.The (excited)of the fans filled the stadium.
18.The (noisy)of the party disturbed the neighbors.
19.The (sleepy)after lunch makes it hard to work.
20.The (dirty)of the river needs to be cleaned.
三、用方格内所给的词完成文章。
coldness closeness brightness smallness
Venus and Mercury are two of the closest planets to the Sun.
Because of its to the Sun and its in size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth.Venus,on the other hand,is known for its and it's beautiful.People can see it at night on Earth.Venus is the hottest planet while the surface temperature on Mercury can drop down to-173℃ at night.Its is due to its thin air.
四、单项选择。
( )1. The _______ of the quiet room helped me focus on reading.
A. quiet B. quietly C. quietness D. quiets
( )2. His _______ made him fail the exam because he never studied.
A. lazy B. lazily C. laziness D. lazies
( )3. The _______ of the sun made the room bright all day.
A. brightness B. bright C. brightly D. brights
( )4. Too much _______ can make you feel tired easily.
A. lazy B. lazily C. lazies D. laziness
( )5. The _______ between the two paintings is easy to see.
A. different B. differently C. difference D. differentness
( )6. Her _______ when speaking in public made her popular.
A. confident B. confidence C. confidently D. confidences
( )7. The _______ of the story made everyone laugh.
A. funniness B. funny C. funnily D. funs
( )8. We should understand the _______ of protecting the environment.
A. important B. importantly C. importances D. importance
( )9. His _______ after the long trip made him sleep for 10 hours.
A. tired B. tiredly C. tiredness D. tireds
( )10. The _______ of the little girl’s voice made her sound sweet.
A. soft B. softness C. softly D. softs
( )11. The _______ of the task made us feel stressed.
A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficultness D. difficulties
( )12. Too much _______ can harm your relationships with others.
A. angry B. angrily C. angries D. angriness
( )13. The _______ of the music made the party lively.
A. exciting B. excitedly C. excitement D. excitings
( )14. His _______ to tell the truth won people’s trust.
A. honest B. honesty C. honestly D. honests
( )15. The _______ of the water made it unsafe to drink.
A. dirtiness B. dirty C. dirtily D. dirts
( )16. We all felt the _______ of the moment when we won the game.
A. proud B. proudly C. prouds D. pride
( )17. The _______ of the forest at night scared the children.
A. dark B. darkly C. darkness D. darks
( )18. .Her _______ to help others won her many friends.
A. kind B. kindly C. kindness D. kinds
( )19. The _______ of the cake made it taste delicious.
A. tastiness B. tasty C. tastily D. tastes
( )20. The _______ of the rules made the game fair for everyone.
A. strict B. strictly C. stricts D. strictness仁爱新版八上 单元语法同步讲义(教师版)
Unit 6 Earth and Its Neighbors
第11讲:后缀 -ness的用法
语法考点
概念:
在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法或词缀法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。
一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。
本节课主要探讨英语中常见的形容词后缀 -ness的用法。
【考点01】后缀 -ness的含义:
后缀 -ness 是英语中常见的名词后缀,通过在形容词(或少数分词)后添加该后缀,将其转化为抽象名词,属于派生法构词。其核心作用是改变原词词性(由形容词变为名词),主要表达 “性质、状态、程度”,可译为 “…… 性”“…… 状态”“…… 度”。
如:①kind(adj.善良的)→ kindness(n.善良;善意)
Her kindness helps many poor children.
她的善良帮助了很多贫困儿童。
②sad(adj.悲伤的)→ sadness(n.悲伤;悲痛)
Tears in her eyes showed her sadness.
她眼中的泪水流露着悲伤。
③dark(adj.黑暗的)→ darkness(n.黑暗;阴暗)
The darkness of night made us walk slowly.
夜晚的黑暗让我们走得很慢。
【考点02】后缀 -ness的构词规律:
后缀 -ness 通常附着在形容词后,少数情况下可附着在分词后,拼写需注意以下规则:
(1)一般情况(形容词直接加 -ness):
如:①sad(adj.悲伤的)→ sadness(n.悲伤)
I felt a deep sadness.
我感觉到深深的悲痛。
②weak(adj.虚弱的)→ weakness(n.虚弱)
His long illness led to weakness.
长期生病导致了他的虚弱。
③quick(adj.快速的)→ quickness(n.迅速)
The quickness of his run won the race.
他奔跑的迅速让他赢得了比赛。
④tired(adj.疲倦的)→ tiredness(n.疲倦,分词变名词)
After the trip, tiredness made her sleep all day.
旅行后,疲倦让她睡了一整天。
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词:先将y变为 i,再加 -ness:
如:①happy(adj.快乐的)→ happiness(n.幸福)
Family time brings us much happiness.
家庭时光给我们带来很多幸福。
②angry(adj.生气的)→ angriness(n.愤怒)
His angriness made everyone quiet.
他的愤怒让所有人都安静了。
③busy(adj.忙碌的)→ business(n.忙碌)
The business of the city never stops.
城市的忙碌从未停止。
(3)以“le” 结尾的形容词:
如:①simple(adj.简单的)→ simpleness(n.简单;朴素)
The simpleness of the plan makes it easy to do.
这个计划的简单性让它容易执行。
②able(adj.有能力的)→ ableness(n.能力)
His ableness in math helps him solve hard problems.
他在数学上的能力帮他解决了难题。
(4)不规则变形:
如:①different(adj.不同的)→ difference(n.差异)
There are many differences between cats and dogs.
猫和狗之间有很多差异。
②important(adj.重要的)→ importance(n.重要性)
The importance of water is clear to everyone.
水的重要性对每个人来说都很明显。
【考点03】后缀 -ness构成的名词在句中的用法:
由 -ness 构成的名词为抽象名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,与普通名词用法一致:
(1)作主语(表示抽象概念作动作的发出者):
如:Kindness can warm people's hearts.
善良能温暖人心。
(2)作宾语(表示抽象概念作动作的承受者):
如:She couldn't hide her sadness.
她无法掩饰自己的悲伤。
(3)作表语(说明主语的性质或状态):
如:His weakness made him give up.
他的虚弱让他放弃了。
(二)同步练习
一、单词转换(根据提示写出带后缀-ness的单词)
1.sad → sadness(n.悲伤)
2.weak → weakness(n.虚弱)
3.happy → happiness(n.幸福)
4.ill → illness(n.疾病)
5.dark → darkness(n.黑暗)
6.quick → quickness(n.迅速)
7.tired → tiredness(n.疲倦)
8.angry → angriness(n.愤怒)
9.busy → business(n.忙碌)
10.simple → simpleness(n.简单)
11.able → ableness(n.能力)
12.bright → brightness(n.明亮)
13.noisy → noisiness(n.吵闹)
14.sleepy → sleepiness(n.困倦)
15.dirty → dirtiness(n.肮脏)
16.lonely → loneliness(n.孤独)
17.lazy → laziness(n.懒惰)
18.thirsty → thirstiness(n.口渴)
19.kind → kindness(n.善良)
20.quiet → quietness(n.安静)
用所给词的正确形式填空。
The high cost is a big weakness in space exploration.(week)
【解析】句意:高成本是太空探索中的一个大弱点。“weak” 加后缀 - ness 构成名词 “weakness”(弱点),表抽象 “薄弱的性质”,在句中作表语。
The growing business of tourists will bring us great benefits as well as huge challenges.(busy)
【解析】句意:游客数量增长的忙碌既会给我们带来巨大好处,也会带来巨大挑战。所给词 “busy” 是形容词(忙碌的),此处需名词作主语。“busy” 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 后加 - ness 构成 “business”(忙碌),表抽象 “忙碌的状态”。
So many stars shine in the darkness .What a beautiful night!(dark)
【解析】句意:很多星星在黑暗中闪耀。多么美丽的夜晚啊!所给词 “dark” 是形容词(黑暗的),此处需名词作介词 “in” 的宾语。“dark” 直接加后缀 - ness 构成 “darkness”(黑暗),表抽象 “黑暗的状态”。
Nature can fill our lives with real joy,peace and happiness .(happy)
【解析】句意:大自然能给我们的生活带来真正的快乐、平静和幸福。所给词 “happy” 是形容词(快乐的),此处需名词与 “joy”“peace” 并列作宾语。“happy” 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 后加 - ness 构成 “happiness”(幸福),表抽象 “幸福的状态”。
5.The kindness(kind)of the old man moved everyone.
【解析】句意:老人的善良感动了所有人。此处需名词作主语,“kind” 加 -ness 构成 “kindness”(善良),表抽象性质。
6.She showed great braveness(brave)in facing the difficulty.
【解析】句意:她在面对困难时表现出极大的勇气。“brave”加 -ness 构成 “braveness”(勇气),作动词宾语,表抽象品质。
7.The sadness(sad)in her voice made us feel sorry for her.
【解析】句意:她声音里的悲伤让我们为她感到难过。此处需名词作主语,“sad”(悲伤的)直接加 -ness 构成 “sadness”(悲伤),表抽象状态。
8.His weakness(weak)made it hard for him to carry the box.
【解析】句意:他的虚弱让他很难搬动这个箱子。需名词作主语,“weak”(虚弱的)直接加 -ness 构成 “weakness”(虚弱),表抽象状态。
9.Children’s happiness(happy)is the best gift for parents.
【解析】句意:孩子们的幸福是父母最好的礼物。需名词作主语,“happy”(快乐的)以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成 “happiness”(幸福),表抽象状态。
10.Long-term illness(ill)made her very thin.
【解析】句意:长期的疾病让她变得很瘦。需名词作主语,“ill”(生病的)直接加 -ness 构成 “illness”(疾病),表抽象状态。
11.The darkness(dark)of the forest scared the little girl.
【解析】句意:森林的黑暗吓到了这个小女孩。需名词作主语,“dark”(黑暗的)直接加 -ness 构成 “darkness”(黑暗),表抽象程度。
12.After the long walk, tiredness(tired)filled all of us.
【解析】句意:长途步行后,我们都充满了疲倦。需名词作主语,“tired”(疲倦的,分词)直接加 -ness 构成 “tiredness”(疲倦),表抽象状态。
13.Her ableness(able)to solve problems surprised everyone.
【解析】句意:她解决问题的能力让所有人惊讶。需名词作主语,“able”(有能力的)以 “le” 结尾,去 e 加 -ness 构成 “ableness”(能力),表抽象品质。
14.There is a big difference(different)between the two plans.
【解析】句意:这两个计划之间有很大差异。需名词作主语,“different”(不同的)的专属名词形式是 “difference”(不用 differentness),表抽象性质。
15.We all know the importance(important)of learning English.
【解析】句意:我们都知道学英语的重要性。需名词作宾语,“important”(重要的)的专属名词形式是 “importance”(不用 importantness),表抽象性质。
16.The brightness(bright)of the sun hurts my eyes.
【解析】句意:阳光的亮度刺痛了我的眼睛。需名词作主语,“bright”(明亮的)直接加 -ness 构成 “brightness”(亮度),表抽象程度。
17.The excitement(excited)of the fans filled the stadium.
【解析】句意:粉丝们的兴奋充满了体育场。需名词作主语,“excitement”(兴奋),表抽象状态。
18.The noisiness(noisy)of the party disturbed the neighbors.
【解析】句意:派对的吵闹打扰了邻居。需名词作主语,以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成“noisiness”(吵闹),表抽象性质。
19.The sleepiness(sleepy)after lunch makes it hard to work.
【解析】句意:午饭后的困倦让人难以工作。需名词作主语,以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成“sleepiness”(困倦),表抽象状态。
20.The dirtiness(dirty)of the river needs to be cleaned.
【解析】句意:这条河的肮脏需要清理。需名词作主语,以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成“dirtiness”(肮脏),表抽象性质。
三、用方格内所给的词完成文章。
coldness closeness brightness smallness
Venus and Mercury are two of the closest planets to the Sun.
Because of its closeness to the Sun and its smallness in size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth.Venus,on the other hand,is known for its brightness and it's beautiful.People can see it at night on Earth.Venus is the hottest planet while the surface temperature on Mercury can drop down to-173℃ at night.Its coldness is due to its thin air.
【解析】:
1.句意:由于水星离太阳的接近性以及它体积的小巧,我们在地球上很难看到它。此处需名词表示 “离太阳的接近程度”,“close”(接近的)加 - ness 构成 “closeness”(接近性),符合 “水星是离太阳较近的行星” 的语境,与前文 “closest planets to the Sun” 呼应。
2.句意:由于水星离太阳的接近性以及它体积的小巧,我们在地球上很难看到它。此处需名词描述 “体积” 的特征,“small”(小的)加 - ness 构成 “smallness”(小巧;小的性质),符合 “体积小导致难被观测” 的逻辑。
3.句意:另一方面,金星因其亮度而闻名,而且它很美。此处需名词解释 “金星在夜晚能被看到” 的原因,“bright”(明亮的)加 - ness 构成 “brightness”(亮度),符合 “星星因亮而可见” 的常识,与 “beautiful” 共同描述金星的特征。
4.句意:它的寒冷是由于其稀薄的空气。前文提到水星夜晚温度低至 - 173℃,此处需名词表示 “寒冷的状态”,“cold”(寒冷的)加 - ness 构成 “coldness”(寒冷),呼应 “低温” 的描述,说明寒冷的原因是稀薄的空气。
四、单项选择。
( C )1. The _______ of the quiet room helped me focus on reading.
A. quiet B. quietly C. quietness D. quiets
【解析】句意:安静房间的安静帮助我专注于阅读。需名词作主语,“quiet”(安静的)加 -ness 构成 “quietness”(安静)。A 是形容词,B 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 C。
( C )2. His _______ made him fail the exam because he never studied.
A. lazy B. lazily C. laziness D. lazies
【解析】句意:他的懒惰让他考试不及格,因为他从不学习。此处需名词作主语,“lazy”(懒惰的)以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成 “laziness”(懒惰)。A 是形容词,B 是副词,D 为错误形式(无此复数),故选 C。
( A )3. The _______ of the sun made the room bright all day.
A. brightness B. bright C. brightly D. brights
【解析】句意:阳光的亮度让房间一整天都很明亮。需名词作主语,“bright”(明亮的)加 -ness 构成 “brightness”(亮度)。B 是形容词,C 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 A。
( D )4. Too much _______ can make you feel tired easily.
A. lazy B. lazily C. lazies D. laziness
【解析】句意:过度懒惰会让你容易感到疲倦。“lazy”(懒惰的)以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成 “laziness”(懒惰)作主语。A 是形容词,B 是副词,C 无此形式,故选 D。
( C )5. The _______ between the two paintings is easy to see.
A. different B. differently C. difference D. differentness
【解析】句意:这两幅画的差异很容易看出。“different”(不同的)的专属名词是 “difference”(差异),而非 “differentness”。A 是形容词,B 是副词,D 为错误形式,故选 C。
( B )6. Her _______ when speaking in public made her popular.
A. confident B. confidence C. confidently D. confidences
【解析】句意:她在公共场合讲话时的自信让她很受欢迎。“confident”(自信的)加 -ence 构成 “confidence”(自信)作主语。A 是形容词,C 是副词,D 表 “秘密”(词义不符),故选 B。
( A )7. The _______ of the story made everyone laugh.
A. funniness B. funny C. funnily D. funs
【解析】句意:故事的趣味性让所有人都笑了。 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成“funniness”(趣味性)作主语。B 是形容词,C 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 A。
( D )8. We should understand the _______ of protecting the environment.
A. important B. importantly C. importances D. importance
【解析】句意:我们应该明白保护环境的重要性。“important”(重要的)的专属名词是 “importance”(重要性)。A 是形容词,B 是副词,C 为错误形式(不可数),故选 D。
( C )9. His _______ after the long trip made him sleep for 10 hours.
A. tired B. tiredly C. tiredness D. tireds
【解析】句意:长途旅行后的疲倦让他睡了 10 个小时。“tired”(疲倦的)加 -ness 构成 “tiredness”(疲倦)作主语。A 是形容词,B 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 C。
( B )10. The _______ of the little girl’s voice made her sound sweet.
A. soft B. softness C. softly D. softs
【解析】句意:小女孩声音的柔和让她听起来很甜美。“soft”(柔和的)加 -ness 构成 “softness”(柔和)作主语。A 是形容词,C 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 B。
( B )11. The _______ of the task made us feel stressed.
A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficultness D. difficulties
解析:句意:任务的困难让我们感到有压力。“difficult”(困难的)的名词形式为 “difficulty”(不用 difficultness),表抽象概念 “困难”。A 是形容词,C 为错误形式,D 表 “具体难题”,不符合语境。
( D )12. Too much _______ can harm your relationships with others.
A. angry B. angrily C. angries D. angriness
【解析】句意:过度愤怒会伤害你与他人的关系。“angry”(生气的)变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成 “angriness”(愤怒)作主语。A 是形容词,B 是副词,C 无此形式,故选 D。
( C )13. The _______ of the music made the party lively.
A. exciting B. excitedly C. excitement D. excitings
【解析】句意:音乐的兴奋感让派对很热闹。“excitement”(兴奋感)作主语。A 是形容词,B 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 C。
( B )14. His _______ to tell the truth won people’s trust.
A. honest B. honesty C. honestly D. honests
【解析】句意:他说真话的诚实赢得了人们的信任。“honesty”(诚实)作主语。A 是形容词,C 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 B。
( A )15. The _______ of the water made it unsafe to drink.
A. dirtiness B. dirty C. dirtily D. dirts
【解析】句意:水的肮脏让它不能安全饮用。以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成 “dirtiness”(肮脏)作主语。B 是形容词,C 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 A。
( D )16. We all felt the _______ of the moment when we won the game.
A. proud B. proudly C. prouds D. pride
【解析】句意:赢得比赛时,我们都感受到了那一刻的自豪。“proud”(自豪的)的专属名词是 “pride”(自豪),而非 “proudness”。A 是形容词,B 是副词,C 无此形式,故选 D。
( C )17. The _______ of the forest at night scared the children.
A. dark B. darkly C. darkness D. darks
【解析】句意:夜晚森林的黑暗吓到了孩子们。“dark”(黑暗的)加 -ness 构成 “darkness”(黑暗)作主语。A 是形容词,B 是副词,D 无此形式,故选 C。
( C )18. .Her _______ to help others won her many friends.
A. kind B. kindly C. kindness D. kinds
解析:句意:她帮助他人的善良为她赢得了许多朋友。“kind”(善良的)加 -ness 构成名词 “kindness”(善良),作主语。A 是形容词,B 是副词,D 是名词复数(种类),均不符合。
( A )19. The _______ of the cake made it taste delicious.
A. tastiness B. tasty C. tastily D. tastes
【解析】句意:蛋糕的美味让它尝起来很可口。 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ness 构成“tastiness”(美味)作主语。B 是形容词,C 是副词,D 是动词第三人称单数,故选 A。
( D )20. The _______ of the rules made the game fair for everyone.
A. strict B. strictly C. stricts D. strictness
【解析】句意:规则的严格性让比赛对所有人都公平。“strict”(严格的)加 -ness 构成 “strictness”(严格性)作主语。A 是形容词,B 是副词,C 无此形式,故选 D。