Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共38张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）必修第三册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共38张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）必修第三册 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-07-18 08:10:41 | ||
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(共38张PPT)
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式作定语和目的状语
Discuss and tell the functions of to do.
1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
2. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
3. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
5. Some scientists were determined to help human realise their dream to explore space.
结果状语
目的状语
目的状语
定语
定语
Presentation
4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
5. Some scientists were determined to help human realise their dream to explore space.
Find the similarities of these sentences
the infinitive (to do) is used as to modify the noun/... placed in front of it
the attributive
“to do” as attributive
1. I have no desire to write..
2. The Smiths were the first to arrive..
3. There was nothing to be done..
4. I have a lot to say..
5. I have no idea where to go.
6. The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作___________ 1. 可修饰：
2. 多置于被修饰词___________
3. 多表示_____________的动作。
定语
名词或者代词
之后作后置定语
未来的
1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.
2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
3. I have no desire to write.
4. thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
5. His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
总结
1. 抽象名词ability, aim, attempt, right, chance, opportunity, way, courage, decision, hope, wish, dream等后常用不定式作定语。
“to do” as attributive
This can be useful for business such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way _____________ (attract) customers.
to attract
Practice
1. The next train to arrive was from New York.
2. You are the only person to be late for such an importantmeeting.
3. It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.
4. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
总结
2. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。
“to do” as attributive
Practice
(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)China has become the first country________ (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.
to land
1. I have nothing (fear)but fear itself.
2. Do you have anything (say)
3. There is nothing (worry) about.
总结
3. something, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式。
4. 在there be 句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。
“to do” as attributive
to fear
to say
to worry/ to be worried
考点：中心词是不定式的承受者，不定式有两种形式。如果不定式的执行者是句子的主语，用主动式to do；强调不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。
I have nothing to fear but fear itself.
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go to swim with you.
I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。
He is looking for a room to live _______. 他正在找房间住。
I have nothing really to complain ________. 我真的没什么好抱怨的。
in
about
主动/被动？
1. We need someone to help with the work.
2. The competition to be held next year will surely attract many international tourists.
3. Tom has a large family to support.
主动 被动
一般式 to do
to be done
to do不定式(短语)做定语的形式
1. The airport ________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2. The meeting____________(hold) tomorrow is very important.
to be completed
Practice
to be held
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词 .
进行式 与谓语动词 .
完成式(一般不用于定语） 动作发生在谓语动作 .
之后
同时发生
之前
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
to do不定式(短语)做定语和状语的形式
Tom determined (go) abroad for further study.
Generally speaking, no one likes (make) fun of.
He pretended (read) when the teacher came in.
I’m sorry (cause) you so much trouble last time.
The car seems (wash) already.
to go
to be made
to be reading
to have caused
to have been washed
Practice
“to do” as adverbial
1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
2. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
3. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
the infinitive (to do) is used as to show the result, purpose and reason
the adverbial
1. To learn a language well, you must make efforts.
2. He ran fast all the way so as to catch the first bus.
3. In order to pass the exam, he worked hard till midnight.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 1. 位置：________________
2. 常见结构有：
目的状语
可位于句首或者句末
in order to 和 so as to, 但so as to 不可位于句首
“to do” as adverbial
1. _____________ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading throughout notes. (天津高考)
A. To help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped
2. Mary’s sister , Jessie, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard. （2021 浙江语法填空改编）
A
to plant
Practice
She is the first place.
她很自豪得了第一名。
2. He is to the meeting.
他因被邀请参加这个会议感到开心。
“to do” as adverbial
glad to be invited
proud to win
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 常见结构有：
原因状语
常用于表情绪或心理活动的形容词之后(anxious, glad, excited, disappointed, lucky, proud, sorry, shocked, worried…)
1. Yesterday, I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
2. The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
3. He left his hometown when she was ten, never to return.
“to do” as adverbial
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 意义：常表示 结果
常见结构有：
结果状语
出乎意料
enough to do…, so…as to do…, such… as to do.., only to do…, too…to…
1. 全家人去了海边度假。
The whole family went to the seaside ________________________.
2. 他起来之后，发现所有人都走了。
He woke up, only______________________________.
3.听到那个不幸的消息，我们都很震惊。
All of us were shocked __________________________.
目的状语
to spend their holiday
to find everybody gone
to hear the sad news
结果状语
原因状语
“to do” as adverbial状语
难点
难点一:to do sth &doing &done 作状语的区别
_____________（give）more time, he’ll finish the task on time.
___________（give）him more time, I found it possible for him to finish the task on time.
_____________（give）him more time, I had to apply to the boss for it.
Given
Giving
To give
当非谓语与主语是主动关系时 用doing
当非谓语与主语是被动关系时用 done
当非谓语是主句的谓语动词动作的目的时 用 to do
难点二:to be done &being done&done 作定语的区别
The house _________(build) now will be finished soon.
The school ________(build) next month will be our new school.
The museum _________(build) last year is very popular.
to be built
being built
built
当非谓语表被动、将来 用to be done
当非谓语表被动、进行时用 being done
当非谓语 表被动、完成时用 done
【语境应用】单项选择。
1) It remains _____ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
2) _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B. Complete
C. Completed D. To complete
3) If there’s a lot of work _____, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
Part IV Practice Revision
1. To eat one, you have to decide whether _________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023 新课标Ⅰ卷)
to be lifted
to bite
2. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,
allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket
without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
(2023 新课标Ⅰ卷)
3. She called for action ____________ (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. (2023 北京卷)
4. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ____________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
(2021 浙江6月卷)
to plant
5. The findings show a critical need _____________(invest)
in disaster prevention. (2021 北京卷)
to invest
to address
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly.
1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.
2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.
n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day.
4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy.
5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off
otherwise.
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from floating off.
6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.
During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control.
adv. 否则；要不然
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _________ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.
to achieve
using
to get
known
Will scientists figure out a way _________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to store
to help
to do
to do
attribute
定语
多修饰名词
常作后置定语
普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰
抽象名词常有：dream, desire, chance,hope, promise, idea, fact, way...
There be 句型中
adverbial
状语
目的状语:
to do,in order to (可句首句中),
so as to (只能句中)
原因状语:
sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...
结果状语:
enough to (足够做...),
too...to(太...而不能),
so/such... as to (如此...以至于)
方式状语:
as if to do sth.
Part V Summary and Assessment
翻译
Homework
不定式在写作中的应用
1.这次活动的目的是提高人们节约粮食的意识，培养人们的责任感。
2.我写信是为了表达我对即将到来的英语口语节目的关注。
3.我的学校正计划举行关于中国传统文化的班会，并将把一些会议的内容发布在一个英文网站上。
4.因此，没有必要担心我们的学习-只要放松和好好休息。
5.《青春》点燃了我对英语的兴趣，开阔了我的视野。它使我能及时了解国内外的最新消息。
Youth has sparkled my interest in English and broadened my horizons.__________
1.这次活动的目的是提高人们节约粮食的意识，培养人们的责任感。
The purpose of this activity is to promote awareness of food conservation and cultivate a sense of responsibility.
2.我写信是为了表达我对即将到来的英语口语节目的关注。
I am writing to express my concern about the upcoming spoken English program. (
3.我的学校正计划举行关于中国传统文化的班会，并将把一些会议的内容发布在一个英文网站上。
My school is planning to hold class meetings about Chinese traditional culture and will post some of the meetings on an English website.
4.因此，没有必要担心我们的学习-只要放松和好好休息。
Therefore, there is no need to worry about our studies – just relax and have a good rest.
5.《青春》点燃了我对英语的兴趣，开阔了我的视野。它使我能及时了解国内外的最新消息。
Youth has sparkled my interest in English and broadened my horizons.__________
It enables me to keep pace with the latest news at home and abroad.
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式作定语和目的状语
Discuss and tell the functions of to do.
1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
2. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
3. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
5. Some scientists were determined to help human realise their dream to explore space.
结果状语
目的状语
目的状语
定语
定语
Presentation
4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
5. Some scientists were determined to help human realise their dream to explore space.
Find the similarities of these sentences
the infinitive (to do) is used as to modify the noun/... placed in front of it
the attributive
“to do” as attributive
1. I have no desire to write..
2. The Smiths were the first to arrive..
3. There was nothing to be done..
4. I have a lot to say..
5. I have no idea where to go.
6. The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作___________ 1. 可修饰：
2. 多置于被修饰词___________
3. 多表示_____________的动作。
定语
名词或者代词
之后作后置定语
未来的
1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.
2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
3. I have no desire to write.
4. thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
5. His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
总结
1. 抽象名词ability, aim, attempt, right, chance, opportunity, way, courage, decision, hope, wish, dream等后常用不定式作定语。
“to do” as attributive
This can be useful for business such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way _____________ (attract) customers.
to attract
Practice
1. The next train to arrive was from New York.
2. You are the only person to be late for such an importantmeeting.
3. It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.
4. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
总结
2. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。
“to do” as attributive
Practice
(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)China has become the first country________ (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.
to land
1. I have nothing (fear)but fear itself.
2. Do you have anything (say)
3. There is nothing (worry) about.
总结
3. something, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式。
4. 在there be 句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。
“to do” as attributive
to fear
to say
to worry/ to be worried
考点：中心词是不定式的承受者，不定式有两种形式。如果不定式的执行者是句子的主语，用主动式to do；强调不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。
I have nothing to fear but fear itself.
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go to swim with you.
I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。
He is looking for a room to live _______. 他正在找房间住。
I have nothing really to complain ________. 我真的没什么好抱怨的。
in
about
主动/被动？
1. We need someone to help with the work.
2. The competition to be held next year will surely attract many international tourists.
3. Tom has a large family to support.
主动 被动
一般式 to do
to be done
to do不定式(短语)做定语的形式
1. The airport ________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2. The meeting____________(hold) tomorrow is very important.
to be completed
Practice
to be held
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词 .
进行式 与谓语动词 .
完成式(一般不用于定语） 动作发生在谓语动作 .
之后
同时发生
之前
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
to do不定式(短语)做定语和状语的形式
Tom determined (go) abroad for further study.
Generally speaking, no one likes (make) fun of.
He pretended (read) when the teacher came in.
I’m sorry (cause) you so much trouble last time.
The car seems (wash) already.
to go
to be made
to be reading
to have caused
to have been washed
Practice
“to do” as adverbial
1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
2. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
3. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
the infinitive (to do) is used as to show the result, purpose and reason
the adverbial
1. To learn a language well, you must make efforts.
2. He ran fast all the way so as to catch the first bus.
3. In order to pass the exam, he worked hard till midnight.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 1. 位置：________________
2. 常见结构有：
目的状语
可位于句首或者句末
in order to 和 so as to, 但so as to 不可位于句首
“to do” as adverbial
1. _____________ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading throughout notes. (天津高考)
A. To help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped
2. Mary’s sister , Jessie, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard. （2021 浙江语法填空改编）
A
to plant
Practice
She is the first place.
她很自豪得了第一名。
2. He is to the meeting.
他因被邀请参加这个会议感到开心。
“to do” as adverbial
glad to be invited
proud to win
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 常见结构有：
原因状语
常用于表情绪或心理活动的形容词之后(anxious, glad, excited, disappointed, lucky, proud, sorry, shocked, worried…)
1. Yesterday, I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
2. The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
3. He left his hometown when she was ten, never to return.
“to do” as adverbial
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 意义：常表示 结果
常见结构有：
结果状语
出乎意料
enough to do…, so…as to do…, such… as to do.., only to do…, too…to…
1. 全家人去了海边度假。
The whole family went to the seaside ________________________.
2. 他起来之后，发现所有人都走了。
He woke up, only______________________________.
3.听到那个不幸的消息，我们都很震惊。
All of us were shocked __________________________.
目的状语
to spend their holiday
to find everybody gone
to hear the sad news
结果状语
原因状语
“to do” as adverbial状语
难点
难点一:to do sth &doing &done 作状语的区别
_____________（give）more time, he’ll finish the task on time.
___________（give）him more time, I found it possible for him to finish the task on time.
_____________（give）him more time, I had to apply to the boss for it.
Given
Giving
To give
当非谓语与主语是主动关系时 用doing
当非谓语与主语是被动关系时用 done
当非谓语是主句的谓语动词动作的目的时 用 to do
难点二:to be done &being done&done 作定语的区别
The house _________(build) now will be finished soon.
The school ________(build) next month will be our new school.
The museum _________(build) last year is very popular.
to be built
being built
built
当非谓语表被动、将来 用to be done
当非谓语表被动、进行时用 being done
当非谓语 表被动、完成时用 done
【语境应用】单项选择。
1) It remains _____ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
2) _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B. Complete
C. Completed D. To complete
3) If there’s a lot of work _____, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
Part IV Practice Revision
1. To eat one, you have to decide whether _________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023 新课标Ⅰ卷)
to be lifted
to bite
2. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,
allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket
without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
(2023 新课标Ⅰ卷)
3. She called for action ____________ (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. (2023 北京卷)
4. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ____________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
(2021 浙江6月卷)
to plant
5. The findings show a critical need _____________(invest)
in disaster prevention. (2021 北京卷)
to invest
to address
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly.
1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.
2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.
n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day.
4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy.
5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off
otherwise.
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from floating off.
6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.
During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control.
adv. 否则；要不然
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _________ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.
to achieve
using
to get
known
Will scientists figure out a way _________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to store
to help
to do
to do
attribute
定语
多修饰名词
常作后置定语
普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰
抽象名词常有：dream, desire, chance,hope, promise, idea, fact, way...
There be 句型中
adverbial
状语
目的状语:
to do,in order to (可句首句中),
so as to (只能句中)
原因状语:
sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...
结果状语:
enough to (足够做...),
too...to(太...而不能),
so/such... as to (如此...以至于)
方式状语:
as if to do sth.
Part V Summary and Assessment
翻译
Homework
不定式在写作中的应用
1.这次活动的目的是提高人们节约粮食的意识，培养人们的责任感。
2.我写信是为了表达我对即将到来的英语口语节目的关注。
3.我的学校正计划举行关于中国传统文化的班会，并将把一些会议的内容发布在一个英文网站上。
4.因此，没有必要担心我们的学习-只要放松和好好休息。
5.《青春》点燃了我对英语的兴趣，开阔了我的视野。它使我能及时了解国内外的最新消息。
Youth has sparkled my interest in English and broadened my horizons.__________
1.这次活动的目的是提高人们节约粮食的意识，培养人们的责任感。
The purpose of this activity is to promote awareness of food conservation and cultivate a sense of responsibility.
2.我写信是为了表达我对即将到来的英语口语节目的关注。
I am writing to express my concern about the upcoming spoken English program. (
3.我的学校正计划举行关于中国传统文化的班会，并将把一些会议的内容发布在一个英文网站上。
My school is planning to hold class meetings about Chinese traditional culture and will post some of the meetings on an English website.
4.因此，没有必要担心我们的学习-只要放松和好好休息。
Therefore, there is no need to worry about our studies – just relax and have a good rest.
5.《青春》点燃了我对英语的兴趣，开阔了我的视野。它使我能及时了解国内外的最新消息。
Youth has sparkled my interest in English and broadened my horizons.__________
It enables me to keep pace with the latest news at home and abroad.