高中英语语法精讲精练(2)— 定语从句 导学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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名称 高中英语语法精讲精练(2)— 定语从句 导学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高中英语语法精讲精练(2)—— 定语从句
引入语 2
一、学习目标 2
二、高考考查与学习要点 2
(一)考查方式 2
(二)学习要点 2
三、定语从句判断 2
(一)核心概念: 2
(二)识别定从练习 3
四、引导词(关系词)及用法规则 3
如何选用定语从句的关系词 3
(一)关系代词:找准 “桥梁”,连接先行词和从句 4
(二)关系副词:明确 “时间、地点、原因”,让从句更清晰 5
(三)as 的用法:特殊搭配和 “正如” 含义要记牢 7
五、定语从句分类及区别 10
(一)限制性和非限制性定语从句 10
(二)as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区分 13
(三)要点归纳:“非限定”使用须知 15
六、重点规则 16
(一)that/which/who 的特殊用法 16
(二)“介词 + 关系代词” 结构 18
(三)特殊先行词 26
七、主谓一致 27
(一)基础用法及例句解析 28
(二)特殊情形及易混点 28
(三)主谓一致练习题 29
八、基础练习 30
(一)填空题(根据句意填入合适的关系词) 30
(二)句子转换题(用定语从句合并句子) 30
九、提升练习:近五年真题 + 改编题 + 模拟题 31
(一)2025 年真题 31
(二)2024 年真题 32
(三)2023 年真题 33
(四)2022 年真题改编 33
(五)2021 年真题改编 34
(六)模拟题 34
引入语
从初中到高中,英语中的定语从句是我们要重点攻克的语法点之一。它能让我们的句子更丰富、表达更精准。接下来,我们就一步步学习定语从句中关系代词、关系副词以及 as 的用法,这些内容既承接初中基础,又为高中深入学习打基础。
一、学习目标
能够明确理解定语从句定义、语法功能,快速识别定语从句,划分主从句界限。
掌握关系词分类、一般用法和特殊用法特殊用法,了解关系词省略条件及 that 与 which 的用法差异等。
会使用定语从句造句与改写,在写作中恰当使用以丰富句式。
能够在阅读中应用,借助定语从句理解阅读长难句。
二、高考考查与学习要点
(一)考查方式
语法填空:重点考查关系词的选择,需根据先行词性质和从句成分判断。
阅读理解:作为长难句的重要组成部分,用于修饰名词或代词,需准确拆分从句与主句关系以理解文意。
书面表达:恰当运用可丰富句式结构,提升表达档次。
(二)学习要点
精准分析先行词在从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语等),以此确定关系词。
牢记特殊用法规则,如 that 与 which 的选用差异、as 的固定搭配、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中介词的确定等。
针对性练习写作中定语从句的运用,避免出现关系词冗余、成分残缺等错误。
三、定语从句判断
(一)核心概念:
修饰名词或代词的从句,相当于形容词。
三要素:
先行词:被修饰的名词 / 代词
关系词:连接主句和从句(that/which/who 等)
功能:在从句中作主语、宾语、状语等
真题例句(2024 年全国甲卷语法填空):
They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment that they want.
(先行词:the treatment;关系词:that;从句修饰 “治疗方式”,说明是 “他们想要的治疗”)
(二)识别定从练习
指出句中定语从句的先行词、关系词及关系词在从句中的成分,划出从句部分
The man who is wearing a red jacket is my uncle.
This is the school where I studied for six years.
She gave me a dictionary which I keep to this day.
The reason why he was late is still unknown.
My sister, whose hobby is painting, won first prize in the competition.
参考答案
1. 先行词:the man;关系词:who;成分:在从句中作主语;从句是:who is wearing a red jacket
2. 先行词:the school;关系词:where;成分:在从句中作地点状语;从句是:where I studied for six years
3. 先行词:a dictionary;关系词:which;成分:在从句中作宾语;从句是:which I keep to this day
4. 先行词:the reason;关系词:why;成分:在从句中作原因状语;从句是:why he was late
5. 先行词:my sister;关系词:whose;成分:在从句中作定语;从句是:whose hobby is painting
四、引导词(关系词)及用法规则
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1. 首先分清主句和定语从句
2. 确定定语从句的先行词
3. 把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分(主语,宾语,定语或状语)
4. 若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词,在从句中做状语,则选择关系副词。
(一)关系代词:找准 “桥梁”,连接先行词和从句
在定语从句里,关系代词就像一座桥梁,把先行词和从句连接起来,而且它在从句中还会充当一定的成分。
先解答以下例句,再参考解题过程,最后总结到表格中
The girl ______ is singing is my friend.
解题:首先找到先行词是 “the girl”,指人。再看关系词在从句 “______ is singing” 中作主语,根据关系代词用法,指人且作主语,所以填 who/that。
The old man ______ you helped yesterday is very grateful.
解题:先行词是 “the old man”,指人。关系词在从句 “you helped ______ yesterday” 中作宾语,指人作宾语可用 whom/who/that,且可省略,所以填 whom/who/that(可省略)。
The book ______ cover is red is very interesting.
解题:先行词是 “the book”,指物。关系词在从句中修饰 “cover”,表示 “书的封面”,作定语,表所属关系,所以填 whose。
This is the pen ______ I bought yesterday.
解题:先行词是 “the pen”,指物。关系词在从句 “I bought ______ yesterday” 中作宾语,指物作宾语可用 which/that,且可省略,所以填 which/that(可省略)。
The boy ______ is playing football is my brother.
解题:先行词是 “the boy”,指人。关系词在从句 “______ is playing football” 中作主语,指人作主语可用 who/that,所以填 who/that。
知识点小结
关系代词 指代对象 从句中成分 真题例句(2023 年新高考 2 卷)
who 人 主语 / 宾语(不作介宾) The girl who is talking to the teacher is my sister.
whom 人 宾语 The man (whom) you met yesterday is a doctor.
which 物 主语 / 宾语 The car which is red belongs to Tom.
that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 This is the museum that we visited last week.
whose 人 / 物 定语 The house whose windows are open is mine.
练习
The woman ______ is sitting under the tree is my aunt.
The student ______ the teacher praised yesterday is very hard-working.
This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library last week.
The girl ______ mother is a doctor studies very well.
The flowers ______ are in the vase were bought this morning.
答案及解析
答案:who/that
解析:先行词是 the woman(人),在从句中作主语,所以可用 who 或 that 引导定语从句。
答案:whom/who/that(可省略)
解析:先行词是 the student(人),在从句中作宾语,可用 whom、who、that 引导,且可以省略。
答案:which/that(可省略)
解析:先行词是 the book(物),在从句中作宾语,可用 which 或 that 引导,也可省略。
答案:whose
解析:先行词是 the girl(人),从句中需要表示 “…… 的” 作定语来修饰 mother,所以用 whose,表所属关系。
答案:which/that
解析:先行词是 the flowers(物),在从句中作主语,可用 which 或 that 引导定语从句。
(二)关系副词:明确 “时间、地点、原因”,让从句更清晰
关系副词和关系代词不同,它在从句中作的是状语,分别对应时间、地点和原因。
where 对应地点,说明 “在哪个地方”;when 对应时间,说明 “在哪个时间”;why 对应原因,通常和 “reason” 搭配,说明 “为什么”。
先解答以下例句,再参考解题过程,最后总结到表格中
I love the city ______ I grew up.
解题:先行词是 “the city”,指地点。关系词在从句 “I grew up ______” 中作地点状语,说明 “在这个城市长大”,所以填 where/in which。
I will never forget the day ______ we met for the first time.
解题:先行词是 “the day”,指时间。关系词在从句 “we met for the first time ______” 中作时间状语,说明 “在这一天相遇”,所以填 when/in which。
Do you know the reason ______ he was late
解题:先行词是 “the reason”,指原因。关系词在从句 “he was late ______” 中作原因状语,说明 “迟到的原因”,所以填 why/for which。
This is the park ______ we had a good time last weekend.
解题:先行词是 “the park”,指地点。关系词在从句 “we had a good time ______ last weekend” 中作地点状语,说明 “在公园玩得开心”,所以填 where/in which。
I still remember the time ______ we spent together.
解题:先行词是 “the time”,指时间。但关系词在从句 “we spent ______ together” 中作 spent 的宾语,不是状语,所以填 which/that(可省略)。
关系副词与关系代词的核心区别:
关系副词在从句中作状语,而关系代词作主语或宾语。判断时关系词时需先分析关系词在从句中所作成分。
知识点小结
关系副词 指代对象 从句中成分 真题例句(2024 年全国甲卷)
where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.
when 时间名词 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met.
why 原因名词(reason) 原因状语 The reason why he was late is clear.
练习
I still remember the city ______ I was born.
Do you know the year ______ the People's Republic of China was founded
The reason ______ he was absent from the meeting is unknown.
This is the park ______ we often have a picnic on weekends.
I can't forget the time ______ we spent together in the countryside.
答案及解析
答案:where/in which
解析:先行词是 the city(地点名词),在从句中作地点状语,所以用 where,也可转换为 in which(“在城市里” 用 in the city)。
答案:when/in which
解析:先行词是 the year(时间名词),在从句中作时间状语,用 when,也可转换为 in which(“在某年” 用 in the year)。
答案:why/for which
解析:先行词是 the reason(原因名词),在从句中作原因状语,用 why,也可转换为 for which(“…… 的原因” 用 for the reason)。
答案:where/in which
解析:先行词是 the park(地点名词),在从句中作地点状语,用 where,也可转换为 in which(“在公园里” 用 in the park)。
答案:which/that(可省略)
解析:先行词是 the time(时间名词),但在从句中作 spent 的宾语,不是作状语,所以用 which 或 that 引导,也可省略。
(三)as 的用法:特殊搭配和 “正如” 含义要记牢
as 在定语从句中的用法比较特殊,我们可以分两种情况来记。
一种是在限制性定语从句中,当先行词被 the same、such、so 等词修饰时,要用 as,比如 “such a clever boy as everyone likes”,这里 as 指代先行词,在从句中作成分。
另一种是在非限制性定语从句中,as 有 “正如” 的意思,能指代整个主句的内容,且位置灵活,句首、句中、句末都能放,像 “As we all know, the earth is round”,就表示 “正如我们都知道的”。
1. 限制性定语从句中as的用法
在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词被the same, such, as, so 等词修饰时,定语从句应由as引导。此时 as 既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,as作宾语不可省略。
1.He is such a teacher as we respect.
2.I like the same book as you do.
3.It is so big a stone as no man can lift.
1.1 the same...as 结构
该结构中,as 指代先行词,强调 “与…… 同样的”,而非 “同一个”。
例句:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支笔和我昨天丢的那支一样。
并非同一支,as 在从句中作宾语。
1.2 such...as 结构
此结构中,such 修饰先行词,as 引导定语从句,指代先行词,在从句中可作成分。
例句:
We need such materials as can stand high temperature. 我们需要能耐高温的这种材料
as 在从句中作主语
1.3 as...as 结构
用于比较结构中,第二个 as 引导定语从句,指代先行词。
例句:
She is as kind a girl as you can wish to meet. 她是你能希望遇到的那种善良的女孩。
as 在从句中作宾语
2. 非限制性定语从句中as的用法
as 在非限制性定语从句中,指代整个主句的内容,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,意为 “正如、正像”,常与一些固定短语搭配,且位置灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。
2.1 常见固定搭配
固定搭配 例句 as 在从句中所作成分
as we know (正如我们所知) As we know, English is widely used in the world. 宾语
as is known to all (众所周知) As is known to all, the sun rises in the east. 主语
as often happens (正如经常发生的那样) He was late for school, as often happens. 主语
as we expected (正如我们所预料的) He passed the exam, as we expected. 宾语
as has been mentioned (正如已提及的) As has been mentioned, safety is the most important. 主语
as may be imagined (正如可以想象的那样) The journey was long, as may be imagined. 主语
as we all can see (正如我们都能看到的) As we all can see, the environment is getting better. 宾语
as is often the case (情况常常是这样) He was absent, as is often the case. 主语
2.2 位置特点
a.位于句首:As has been said before, practice makes perfect.(正如之前所说,熟能生巧)
b.位于句中:The experiment, as we had hoped, was a success.(正如我们所希望的,这个实验成功了)
c.位于句末:He was not against the plan, as I could see from his expression.(他不反对这个计划,这从我能从他的表情看出来,as 在从句中作宾语)
知识点小结
用法场景 真题示例(2023 年全国乙卷)
限制性定语从句(the same...as, such...as) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.
非限制性定语从句(表 “正如”) As we all know, the earth is round.
3. 针对性练习
This is such a difficult problem ______ no one can solve.
______ is reported in the newspaper, a new school will be built here.
He wore the same hat ______ he had on yesterday.
She is a kind girl, ______ everyone likes.
______ often happens, people with good intentions may do bad things.
______ has been mentioned, we need to work together.
The task was difficult, ______ may be imagined.
答案及解析
答案:as
解析:本题考查 such...as 结构,as 引导限制性定语从句,指代先行词 a difficult problem,在从句中作 solve 的宾语,所以填 as。
答案:As
解析:从句位于句首,且表示 “正如报纸上报道的那样”,as 可位于句首引导非限制性定语从句,有 “正如” 的含义,故填 As。
答案:as
解析:此处为 the same...as 结构,as 引导定语从句,指代 hat,强调 “与…… 同样的”,所以填 as。
答案:as
解析:本句是非限制性定语从句,as 指代 a kind girl,在从句中作 likes 的宾语,且有 “正如大家都喜欢的那种” 的含义,填 as。
答案:As
解析:“as often happens” 是固定搭配,意为 “正如经常发生的那样”,as 引导非限制性定语从句,位于句首,所以填 As。
答案:As
解析:“as has been mentioned” 是固定搭配,意为 “正如已提及的”,as 引导非限制性定语从句,位于句首,故填 As。
答案:as
解析:“as may be imagined” 是固定搭配,意为 “正如可以想象的那样”,as 引导非限制性定语从句,位于句末,指代前面 “任务很难” 这一内容,所以填 as。
五、定语从句分类及区别
(一)限制性和非限制性定语从句
区别维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 对先行词起限定作用,不可或缺,去掉后句意不完整 对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后句意仍完整
位置与逗号 紧跟先行词,无逗号分隔 与先行词之间有逗号分隔,可置于句中或句末
先行词 多为名词或代词(具体人 / 物) 可指名词、代词,或整个主句内容
可修饰对象 仅修饰先行词(单个名词 / 代词) 可修饰先行词或整个主句
引导词 可用 that和why,关系代词作宾语时可省略 不可用 that和why(但可用for which),关系词不可省略
真题例句 2023 新高考 2 卷:They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. 2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷:The Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse, which guides visitors through twelve regions, offers over 300 plant species.
1. 意义及句意完整性解析
限制性定语从句:
例句:The students who are from Class 1 will take part in the competition.
解析:从句 “who are from Class 1” 限定先行词 “the students”,明确是 “一班的学生”,若去掉从句,“The students will take part in the competition” 句意不明确,不知道是哪些学生,因此该从句不可或缺。
非限制性定语从句:
例句:My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing.
解析:从句 “who is a doctor” 补充说明先行词 “my brother” 的职业,去掉从句后,“My brother works in Beijing” 句意仍完整,不影响基本意思表达。
2. 位置与逗号解析
限制性定语从句:
例句:This is the house where I lived ten years ago.
解析:从句紧跟先行词 “the house”,两者之间无逗号分隔,紧密相连,体现限定关系。
非限制性定语从句:
例句:We visited the Great Wall, which is one of the wonders of the world.
解析:从句与先行词 “The Great Wall” 之间有逗号分隔,从句位于句末,对进行补充说明先行词。
3. 先行词及修饰对象解析
限制性定语从句:
例句:I like books that are written by Mo Yan.
解析:先行词是 “books”(具体事物),从句仅修饰 “books”,限定是 “莫言写的书”。
非限制性定语从句:
例句:He failed the exam, which made his parents angry.
解析:先行词是前面整个主句 “He failed the exam”,从句修饰整个主句内容,说明这件事带来的结果。
4. 引导词解析
限制性定语从句:
例1:The reason why/for which he was late is that he missed the bus.(可用 why或者for which)
例2:This is the pen (that) I bought yesterday.(关系代词作宾语可省略)
非限制性定语从句:
例1:The reason, for which he was late, is not clear.(不可用 why,需用 for which)
例2:She has a new car, which is very expensive.(关系词 which 不可省略)
5. 练习
The girl ______ is wearing a red dress is my sister.(限制性,用适当引导词)
My hometown, ______ is in the south of China, is very beautiful.(非限制性,用适当引导词)
This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.(限制性,用适当引导词)
He passed the exam, ______ surprised all of us.(非限制性,用适当引导词)
I know the boy ______ you are talking about.(限制性,用适当引导词,可省略)
The book, ______ I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.(非限制性,用适当引导词)
答案及解析
答案:who/that
解析:此句为限制性定语从句,先行词 “the girl” 指人,在从句中作主语,可用 who 或 that 引导,无逗号分隔,从句起限定作用。
答案:which
解析:本句是非限制性定语从句,先行词 “my hometown” 指物,从句与先行词之间有逗号分隔,引导词不可用 that,故用 which,从句起补充说明作用。
答案:that
解析:这是限制性定语从句,先行词 “film” 被最高级 “the best” 修饰,根据规则,只能用 that 引导,从句紧跟先行词,无逗号。
答案:which
解析:此句为非限制性定语从句,引导词指代前面整个主句 “He passed the exam”,说明这件事让大家惊讶,用 which 引导,不可用 that,且与主句之间有逗号。
答案:whom/who/that(可省略)
解析:这是限制性定语从句,先行词 “the boy” 指人,在从句中作介词 “about” 的宾语,可用 whom、who、that 引导,且可以省略,从句无逗号分隔。
答案:which
解析:本句是非限制性定语从句,先行词 “the book” 指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,不可用 that,故用 which,从句与先行词之间有逗号,起补充说明作用。
(二)as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区分
1. 相同点
as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时,存在一些核心共同点,主要体现在从句类型、指代内容以及位置使用这几个方面,具体如下:
共同点分类 具体说明 as 例句 which 例句
均可指代主句整体内容 能指代主句描述的整个事件或情况 在从句中可作主语、宾语等成分。 As surprised us, he passed the exam easily.(作主语) He succeeded, as we all expected.(作宾语) He missed the train, which made him late for work.(作主语) The plan worked out well, which we hadn’t thought of.(作宾语)
均可用于句中或句末 两者都可在句中(主句中间)或句末(主句之后)使用。 The project, as you know, will be finished next month.(句中) He is a good leader, as his team members often say.(句末) The story, which I read last week, is very moving.(句中) She won the competition, which made her family proud.(句末)
2. 不同点
as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时,在位置分布、指代内容和固定搭配等方面存在明显差异。as 常表 “正如”,位置灵活且多与固定短语搭配;which 表 “这 / 这件事”,位置受限且无固定搭配。
不同点维度 as which
2.1 位置分布 可位于句首、句中或句末。 仅可位于句中或句末,不能用于句首。
例句 As we all know, the sun rises in the east.(句首) The plan, as you suggested, works well.(句中) He is a genius, as his achievements show.(句末) The bridge, which was built last year, is very strong.(句中) She won the prize, which made her parents happy.(句末)
2.2 指代内容 多表示预料中、符合常规的情况,只指代整体。 可指代或说明整句,多为意外情况,也可修饰说明主句中的部分内容(具体事物)。
例句 He studies hard, as is usual.(指代整体,符合常规) He fell ill suddenly, which was unexpected.(修饰整句,意外情况) I bought a new phone, which has a good camera.(部分内容)
2.3 固定搭配 常与 see/know/expect 等动词搭配(如 as we know) 无固定搭配,需根据句意判断指代内容。
例句 As is often the case, he was late.(固定搭配) The meeting was put off, which annoyed everyone.(无固定搭配)
3. as和which区分练习
______ is reported in the news, the new policy will take effect next month.
He succeeded in the exam, ______ was beyond our expectation.
The actress won the award, ______ we all hoped.
She was late for work, ______ often happens when it rains heavily.
The old castle, ______ stands on the hill, has a history of 500 years.
______ everyone can see, the environment in this city has improved greatly.
He told a lie to his parents, ______ made them very disappointed.
The book, ______ I bought last year, has been translated into several languages.
答案及解析
答案:As
解析:空格位于句首,且句子表达 “正如新闻中报道的那样”,as 在非限制性定语从句中可置于句首,有 “正如” 的含义,常与 “is reported” 等搭配,符合 as 的用法特征,故填 As。而 which 引导非限制性定语从句时不能位于句首,因此排除 which。
答案:which
解析:此处指代 “他考试成功” 这件事,且这件事是 “超出我们预期” 的,带有意外的意味。which 在非限制性定语从句中可指代主句内容,常用于表达客观结果或意外情况,无 “正如” 的含义,所以填 which。as 通常用于表达预期内的情况,不符合此处语境。
答案:as
解析:句中 “we all hoped” 表明这是大家预期之内的事,as 在非限制性定语从句中可表达 “正如…… 所希望的”,符合这种带有预期的语境,故填 as。which 一般不用于此类表达预期的情况。
答案:as
解析:“often happens” 表示 “正如经常发生的那样”,as 有 “正如” 的意思,常与 “often happens” 搭配,用于描述常见的、符合常规的情况,所以此处填 as。which 没有这种搭配用法。
答案:which
解析:先行词是 “the old castle”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,指代主句中的具体事物(部分内容),且无 “正如” 的含义,这种情况下用 which 引导非限制性定语从句,故填 which。as 在此处不符合语境。
答案:As
解析:空格位于句首,“everyone can see” 表示 “正如每个人都能看到的”,as 可置于句首引导非限制性定语从句,表达 “正如”,符合用法要求,所以填 As。which 不能用于句首引导此类从句。
答案:which
解析:指代 “他向父母撒谎” 这件事,导致的结果是 “让父母很失望”,这是一种客观结果,且无 “正如” 的意味,which 适合用于这种表达客观结果的语境,故填 which。as 不用于此类情况。
答案:which
解析:先行词是 “the book”,关系词在从句中作宾语,指代主句中的具体事物,整个句子只是对书的情况进行补充说明,无 “正如” 的含义,这种情况下用 which,所以填 which。as 在此处没有合适的语义和用法支撑。
(三)要点归纳:“非限定”使用须知
1. 从句中所有的关系词都不可省略
2. 从句通常不能用that引导
3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换, 也不能省略。
4. 从句不能用why引导, 要用 for which 代替why
5. 从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导; 而要用关系代词 as 引导 (as可放主句前, 也可放主句后)
六、重点规则
(一)that/which/who 的特殊用法
1. 只能用 that 的情况
用法场景 例句
先行词为不定代词(all,everything,anything,nothing,something,little,much,none,few,the one 等) All that we need is time.(2023 全国甲卷)
先行词被all,any,few,every,no,little,much,some等修饰时。
先行词被序数词、最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.(2023 全国甲卷)
先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.(2023 新高考 2 卷)
先行词被 the only, the very (正是,恰是), the last修饰 This is the only book that I need.
主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句 Who is the girl that is standing there
2. 只能用 which 的情况
用法场景 例句
引导非限制性定语从句 She bought a new bike, which cost 2000 yuan.(2023 浙江 1 月卷改编)
介词后指物 This is the house in which I lived.
先行词是 that What’s that which you have in your hand
3. 只能用 who 的情况
用法场景 例句
先行词为指人的不定代词 (someone, those 等) Those who break the law must be punished.
there be 句型中先行词指人 There is a boy who wants to join our club.
非限制性定语从句中指人作主语 Li Ming, who is my friend, will study abroad.
4. 练习
All ______ we need is time.(2023 全国甲卷)
She bought a new bike, ______ cost 2000 yuan.(2023 浙江 1 月卷改编)
Those ______ want to go please sign here.
This is the best film ______ I’ve ever seen.(2023 全国甲卷)
Everything ______ he said at the meeting was true.
The first thing ______ we should do is to protect the environment.
My father and his factory ______ you visited last week are very famous.
This is the very book ______ I have been looking for.
Which is the car ______ was made in Germany
The novel, ______ is popular among teenagers, was written by a young writer.
Is there anyone ______ knows the answer to this question
There is a student ______ wants to see you.
Zhang Wei, ______ is our monitor, will take part in the competition.
What’s that ______ is flying in the sky
参考答案:
that解析:先行词为不定代词 all,只能用 that。
which解析:非限制性定语从句,指物用 which。
who解析:先行词 those 指人,只能用 who。
that解析:先行词被最高级修饰,用 that。
that解析:先行词为不定代词 everything,根据规则只能用 that 引导定语从句。
that解析:先行词被序数词 the first 修饰,符合只能用 that 的情况,所以填 that。
that解析:先行词既有人(my father)又有物(his factory),这种情况下只能用 that 引导定语从句。
that解析:先行词被 the very 修饰,按照规则只能用 that,因此此处填 that。
that解析:主句以 which 开头的特殊疑问句,定语从句中关系词只能用 that,所以填 that。
which解析:本句是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 the novel(指物),非限制性定语从句中指物只能用 which,故填 which。
who解析:先行词 anyone 是指人的不定代词,根据只能用 who 的规则,此处填 who。
who解析:这是 there be 句型,先行词 a student 指人,所以用 who 引导定语从句。
who解析:本句是非限制性定语从句,先行词 Zhang Wei 指人且在从句中作主语,非限制性定语从句中指人作主语只能用 who,故填 who。
that解析:先行词是指示代词 that,这种情况下定语从句只能用 that 引导,所以填 that。
(二)“介词 + 关系代词” 结构
1. 核心构成与适用对象
“介词 + 关系代词” 结构由 “介词 + whom/which/whose” 构成,用于引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。具体适用对象如下:
指人:使用 “介词 + whom”
指物:使用 “介词 + which”
表所属关系(人 / 物):使用 “介词 + whose”(可转换为 “the + 名词 + of+whom/which”)
2 介词选择的依据
2.1 根据定语从句中动词的固定搭配
介词需与从句中的谓语动词构成固定短语,常见搭配如 talk with、depend on、refer to 等。
真题例句(2023 年 1 月浙江卷):
The man with whom I talked is my teacher.(talk with sb. 搭配)
模拟例句:
This is the student to whom the teacher referred yesterday.(refer to 搭配)
2.2 根据先行词的习惯搭配
介词需符合先行词的常用介词搭配,如 on the farm、in the house、at the time 等。
模拟例句:
The farm on which they worked ten years ago has changed a lot.(on the farm 搭配)
真题例句(改编):
Do you remember the day on which we visited the museum (on the day 搭配)
2.3 根据句子的具体语义
介词需根据句意表达的逻辑关系选择,如 with(用)、through(通过)、without(没有)等。
模拟例句:
The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday.(with 表示 “使用工具”)
真题例句(改编):
He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see outside.(through 表示 “通过”)
2.4 介词选择的依据练习题
The scientist ______ whom we often turn for help is very kind.
This is the factory ______ which my father has worked for 20 years.
I will never forget the day ______ which I joined the Party.
The house ______ which the windows face south is mine.
He is the boy ______ whom I lent my bike yesterday.
There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds ______ whom are girls.
The tool ______ which he is working is called a hammer.
The reason ______ which he was late was that he missed the bus.
The book ______ which I got a lot of information was written by a famous writer.
The man ______ whom the teacher is talking is our monitor's father.
答案及解析
答案:to
解析:本题考查根据动词固定搭配选择介词。“turn to sb. for help” 是固定短语,意为 “向某人求助”,所以此处应填 to。
答案:in
解析:本题依据先行词的习惯搭配选介词。“in the factory” 表示 “在工厂里”,是常见搭配,因此填 in。
答案:on
解析:“on the day” 为固定搭配,指在具体的某一天,所以此处用介词 on。
答案:of
解析:句意为 “窗户朝南的那座房子是我的”,“the windows of the house” 表示 “房子的窗户”,这里用 “of which” 来体现所属关系,故填 of。
答案:to
解析:“lend sth. to sb.” 是固定短语,意为 “把某物借给某人”,所以此处填 to。
答案:of
解析:本题考查 “数词 + of + 关系代词” 结构。“two-thirds of the students” 表示 “三分之二的学生”,这里用 “of whom” 指代 “of the students”,故填 of。
答案:with
解析:根据句子语义,“with the tool” 表示 “用这个工具”,所以用介词 with。
答案:for
解析:“the reason for...” 表示 “…… 的原因”,“for which” 可与 “why” 转换,此处填 for。
答案:from
解析:“get information from the book” 意为 “从这本书中获取信息”,依据此语义,应填 from。
答案:with
解析:“talk with sb.” 是固定短语,意为 “和某人交谈”,所以此处填 with。
与关系副词的转换规则
3.1 核心转换逻辑
关系副词本质上是 “介词 + 关系代词” 的简化形式,二者在从句中均作状语,可根据先行词性质和语境相互替换。转换公式为:关系副词 = 介词 + which(where/when/why 分别对应不同介词)。
3.2 分类型转换规则及例句
where 与 “介词 + which” 的转换
适用先行词:
表示具体地点的名词(school, city, house 等)或抽象地点的名词(situation, case, point 等)。
介词选择:
根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯,常用 in/on/at/under 等。
真题例句(2023 年新高考 1 卷):
原句:This is the school where I studied.
转换句:This is the school in which I studied.(in 与 school 搭配)
模拟例句(抽象地点):
原句:We reached a point where we had to make a decision.
转换句:We reached a point at which we had to make a decision.(at 与 point 搭配)
模拟例句(具体地点):
原句:The table where we put the books is new.
转换句:The table on which we put the books is new.(on 与 table 搭配)
when 与 “介词 + which” 的转换
适用先行词:
表示时间的名词(day, year, moment, period 等)。
介词选择:
根据时间表达的习惯搭配,常用 in/on/at/during 等。
时间表达的介词差异
时间类型 常用介词 例句(转换形式)
具体日期(day) on the day on which we met(我们相遇的那天)
月份 / 年份 in the year in which he was born(他出生的年份)
时刻(moment) at the moment at which the bell rang(铃声响起的时刻)
时间段(period) during the period during which we worked(我们工作的那段时间)
真题例句(2023 年全国甲卷改编):
原句:I remember the day when we first met.
转换句:I remember the day on which we first met.(on 与具体日期 day 搭配)
模拟例句(时间段):
原句:The year when he was born was 1990.
转换句:The year in which he was born was 1990.(in 与年份 year 搭配)
模拟例句(时间点):
原句:The moment when the bell rang made us excited.
转换句:The moment at which the bell rang made us excited.(at 与 moment 搭配)
why 与 “介词 + which” 的转换
适用先行词:
仅用于表示原因的名词reason。
介词固定搭配:
只能用 for,构成 “for which”。
真题例句(2023 年北京卷改编):
原句:The reason why he was late is clear.
转换句:The reason for which he was late is clear.(for 与 reason 固定搭配)
模拟例句:
原句:Do you know the reason why she refused the invitation
转换句:Do you know the reason for which she refused the invitation
4. 练习题
This is the city ______ I was born.
I’ll never forget the month ______ we traveled to Paris.
Is there any reason ______ you changed your mind
The park ______ we often play basketball is near our school.
Do you remember the moment ______ we first saw each other
He explained the case ______ he had to leave early.
The period ______ we worked together was very happy.
This is the house ______ Lu Xun once lived.
The reason ______ he gave up the plan is still unknown.
The point ______ we disagreed was about the budget.
答案及解析
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词为 city(具体地点),“在城市里” 用 in the city,故可用 where 或 in which,均在从句中作地点状语。
答案:when(或 in which)
解析:先行词为 month(时间),“在月份里” 用 in the month,因此可用 when 或 in which,在从句中作时间状语。
答案:why(或 for which)
解析:先行词为 reason(原因),固定搭配 for the reason,故可用 why 或 for which,在从句中作原因状语。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词为 park(具体地点),“在公园里” 用 in the park,因此用 where 或 in which,作地点状语。
答案:when(或 at which)
解析:先行词为 moment(时间点),“在某一时刻” 用 at the moment,故可用 when 或 at which,作时间状语。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词为 case(抽象地点),表示 “在这种情况下” 用 in the case,因此用 where 或 in which,作地点状语。
答案:when(或 during which)
解析:先行词为 period(时间段),“在期间” 用 during the period,故可用 when 或 during which,作时间状语。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词为 house(具体地点),“在房子里” 用 in the house,因此用 where 或 in which,作地点状语。
答案:why(或 for which)
解析:先行词为 reason(原因),固定搭配 for the reason,故可用 why 或 for which,作原因状语。
答案:where(或 on which)
解析:先行词为 point(抽象地点),表示 “在这一点上” 用 on the point,因此用 where 或 on which,作地点状语。
5. 特殊用法
4.1 “介词 + whose” 的转换形式
当定语从句中需要表达所属关系时,“whose + 名词” 结构可与 “the + 名词 + of+whom/which” 进行转换,两种形式语义一致,仅结构不同。
真题例句(2024 年北京卷):
原句:The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
转换句:The books on the desk, the covers of which are shiny, are prizes for us.
模拟例句(指人):
原句:The boy whose father is a doctor won the competition.
转换句:The boy the father of whom is a doctor won the competition.
4.2 介词不可前置的固定短语动词
当定语从句中的谓语动词与介词构成不可分割的固定短语(即短语动词)时,介词不能提前至关系代词之前,需保留在动词之后,此时关系代词可省略(指物用 which/that,指人用 who /whom/ that)。
常见短语动词:look for(寻找)、look after(照顾)、take care of(照顾)、belong to(属于)、depend on(依赖)等。
正确例句:This is the patient(whom/who/that)we are looking after.
错误例句:This is the patient after whom we are looking.
真题拓展:
The old man(whom)we take care of lives alone.(不可改为 The old man of whom we take care lives alone.)
4.3 “代词 / 数词 + of + 关系代词” 结构
该结构用于表示 “部分与整体” 的关系,其中代词(some/most/all 等)或数词(half/one-third 等)指代整体中的一部分,关系代词指代整体(指人用 whom,指物用 which)。
真题例句(2024 年全国二卷改编):
He wrote many books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
(half 指代 many books 中的一部分)
模拟例句(指人):
There are 50 students in our class, most of whom are from cities.
(most 指代 50 students 中的大部分)
拓展用法:
I have three brothers, none of whom is a teacher.
(none 表示 “三者及以上都不”)
4.4 特殊练习题
The girl ______ mother is a doctor won the first prize.(用 “介词 + whose” 或转换形式填空)
This is the bag(______)I am looking for.(填写关系代词,注意介词是否前置)
He has many hobbies, ______ reading is his favorite.(用 “代词 + of + 关系代词” 填空)
The company ______ my father works is very large.(用 “介词 + which” 填空)
We are in a situation ______ we have to work hard.(用 where 或 “介词 + which” 填空)
The old man ______ we take care of is over 90 years old.(填写关系代词,注意介词位置)
I have two dictionaries, ______ one is English-Chinese.(用 “数词 + of + 关系代词” 填空)
The book ______ cover is blue is mine.(用 “介词 + whose” 或转换形式填空)
The time ______ we stayed in Beijing was wonderful.(用 “介词 + which” 填空)
There are 100 workers in the factory, ______ 40 are women.(用 “数词 + of + 关系代词” 填空)
答案及解析
答案:whose(或 the mother of whom)
解析:表示所属关系,“the girl's mother” 可转换为 “the mother of the girl”,故可用 whose 或 the mother of whom。
答案:which/that(或不填)
解析:look for 为固定短语动词,介词 for 不可前置,关系代词指代 the bag(物),可用 which/that,也可省略。
答案:among which
解析:表示 “在众多爱好中”,among 指 “在三者及以上之中”,关系代词 which 指代 many hobbies,故填 among which。
答案:in which
解析:“在公司工作” 为 work in the company,介词 in 与先行词 company 搭配,故填 in which。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词 situation 为抽象地点,“在这种情况下” 用 in the situation,故可用 where 或 in which。
答案:whom/who/that(或不填)
解析:take care of 为固定短语动词,介词 of 不可前置,关系代词指代 the old man(人),可用 whom/who/that,也可省略。
答案:of which
解析:表示 “两本字典中的一本”,“one of the two dictionaries” 转换为 “one of which”,故填 of which。
答案:whose(或 the cover of which)
解析:“书的封面” 可表达为 whose cover 或 the cover of which,均表示所属关系。
答案:during which
解析:先行词为 time(时间段),“在这段时间期间” 用 during the time,故填 during which。
答案:of whom
解析:表示 “100 名工人中的 40 名”,关系代词 whom 指代 100 workers(人),故填 of whom。
6. 转换注意事项:介词不可省略
在 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中,介词是构成状语的必要成分,必须保留,不可遗漏,否则会导致句子成分残缺。
错误示例:This is the university which I graduated.(缺少介词 from)
正确示例:This is the university from which I graduated.(graduate from 为固定搭配)
真题验证(2023 年浙江 1 月卷改编):
The man with whom I talked is my teacher.(with 不可省略,因 talk with 为固定搭配)
(三)特殊先行词
1. 抽象地点的特殊处理
当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词(如 case, situation, point, stage, position、scene、spot、condition、circumstance、state、phase、level 等)时,定语从句需用 where 或 “介词 + which” 引导,不可用 that/which,此时 where 在从句中作抽象意义上的 “地点状语”。
例句解析:
We have reached a stage where(at which) we must make a choice.(stage 为抽象地点,at the stage 为固定搭配)
The novel describes a scene where(in which)people fought for freedom.(scene 表示 “情景”,in the scene 为搭配)
真题示例(2023 年全国乙卷):
We are in a situation where we need to make a decision immediately.
易混对比:
This is the stage which/that we built last year.(此处 stage 为具体 “舞台”,作从句宾语,可用 which/that)
The spot which/that we visited yesterday is a famous park.(spot 此处指具体 “地点”,作宾语用 which/that)
2. the way 充当先行词作从句的方式状语
当先行词为 the way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,定语从句的引导词有三种形式:that、in which 或省略引导词,三者语义一致,可互换使用。
2.1 核心用法:
① 用 that 引导:The way that he solved the problem is very clever.
② 用 in which 引导:The way in which she speaks English is beautiful.
③ 省略引导词:This is the way we learn grammar.
2.2真题拓展:
The way(that/in which)he treats his parents is worth praising.(2024 年某省模拟题改编)
2.3 易混提示:
若 the way 在从句中作主语或宾语,则需用 that/which 引导,不可省略。
例句:The way that/which he explained yesterday is wrong.(the way 在从句中作宾语)
3. 特殊先行词习题
I don’t like the way ______ he talks to his mother.(用合适的引导词填空,作方式状语)
We have come to a point ______ we must accept his advice.(抽象地点先行词)
The way ______ he proposed at the meeting was practical.(the way 作宾语)
This is the position ______ you can get a good view of the city.(抽象地点先行词)
She didn’t understand the situation ______ we had to give up.(抽象地点先行词)
The novel sets a scene ______ people live in harmony with nature.(抽象地点先行词)
We are in a condition ______ we have to work day and night.(抽象地点先行词)
The phase ______ children learn to walk is very important.(抽象地点先行词)
答案及解析
答案:that(或 in which,或不填)
解析:先行词为 the way,在从句中作方式状语,可用 that、in which 或省略引导词。
答案:where(或 at which)
解析:先行词 point 为抽象地点,“在这一点上” 用 at the point,故用 where 或 at which。
答案:that/which
解析:the way 在从句中作 proposed 的宾语,需用 that/which 引导,不可省略。
答案:where(或 from which)
解析:先行词 position 为抽象地点,“从这个位置” 用 from the position,故用 where 或 from which。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词 situation 为抽象地点,“在这种情况下” 用 in the situation,因此用 where 或 in which。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词 scene 为抽象地点,“在这个情景中” 用 in the scene,所以用 where 或 in which。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词 condition 为抽象地点,“在这种条件下” 用 in the condition,故用 where 或 in which。
答案:where(或 in which)
解析:先行词 phase 为抽象地点,“在这个阶段” 用 in the phase,因此用 where 或 in which。
七、主谓一致
定语从句的谓语动词在人称和数上需与先行词保持一致,即谓语动词的单复数形式由先行词的单复数决定。
(一)基础用法及例句解析
1. 核心规则:
无论关系词在从句中作何成分,谓语动词的单复数均由先行词的单复数确定。
例句 1(先行词为单数):The boy who is standing there is my brother.(先行词 the boy 为单数,从句谓语用 is)
例句 2(先行词为复数):The books which are on the desk are mine.(先行词 the books 为复数,从句谓语用 are)
2. 真题示例
2024 年全国甲卷:
He is one of the students who are good at English.(先行词为 students,复数,故用 are)
(二)特殊情形及易混点
1. 先行词被 “one of + 复数名词” 修饰
此时先行词为复数名词,从句谓语用复数。
例句:This is one of the novels that were written by Lu Xun.(先行词为 novels,复数,谓语用 were)
2. 先行词被 “the only one of + 复数名词” 修饰
此时先行词为 the only one(单数),从句谓语用单数。
例句:He is the only one of the boys who has won the prize.
(先行词为 the only one,单数,谓语用 has)
3. 先行词为不定代词(all, everything 等)
不定代词作先行词时,从句谓语通常用单数(all 指人时可用复数)。
例句 1:Everything that is worth doing is worth doing well.(everything 为单数,谓语用 is)
例句 2:All who are present agree with me.(all 指人,复数,谓语用 are)
4. 先行词为集合名词
集合名词表示整体时谓语用单数,表示个体时用复数,定语从句谓语需与之匹配。
例句:
The team which is from Beijing won the game.(team 表示整体,谓语用 is)
对比:
The team who are wearing red shirts are from Shanghai.(team 表示队员个体,谓语用 are)
(三)主谓一致练习题
He is one of the teachers who ______ (know) French.
This is the only one of the rooms that ______ (be) free now.
Everything that ______ (happen) in the world is interesting.
The family who ______ (live) next door are from England.
I know a girl who ______ (be) good at playing the piano.
These are the books which ______ (belong) to our school library.
He is the only student who ______ (have) passed the exam.
All that ______ (be) needed is time.
答案及解析
答案:know
解析:先行词为 teachers(复数),“one of + 复数名词” 结构中,从句谓语与复数先行词一致,故用 know。
答案:is
解析:先行词为 the only one(单数),“the only one of + 复数名词” 结构中,从句谓语与单数先行词一致,故用 is。
答案:happens
解析:先行词为 everything(不定代词,单数),从句谓语用单数,故用 happens。
答案:live
解析:先行词 the family 此处表示 “家人”(个体),复数概念,从句谓语用复数,故用 live。
答案:is
解析:先行词 a girl(单数),从句谓语与先行词一致,故用 is。
答案:belong
解析:先行词 the books(复数),从句谓语用复数,故用 belong。
答案:has
解析:先行词为 the only student(单数),“the only + 单数名词” 结构中,从句谓语用单数,故用 has。
答案:is
解析:先行词 all 此处指代事物(单数概念),从句谓语用单数,故用 is。
八、基础练习
(一)填空题(根据句意填入合适的关系词)
This is the park ______ we visited last weekend.
The girl ______ is standing at the door is my cousin.
I still remember the day ______ we first met.
This is the reason ______ he refused to attend the meeting.
The book, ______ cover is blue, belongs to my teacher.
We met a student ______ father is a famous scientist.
He told us a story ______ made everyone laugh.
This is the same bike ______ I lost last month.
(二)句子转换题(用定语从句合并句子)
She has a friend. He is a doctor.
I will never forget the day. I joined the club on that day.
This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in this house.
答案及解析
(一)填空题
that/which
解析:先行词是 “the park”(物),关系词在从句中作宾语,可用 that 或 which,也可省略。
who/that
解析:先行词是 “the girl”(人),关系词在从句中作主语,可用 who 或 that。
when
解析:先行词是 “the day”(时间),关系词在从句中作时间状语,用 when。
why
解析:先行词是 “the reason”(原因),关系词在从句中作原因状语,用 why。
whose
解析:关系词在从句中作定语,修饰 “cover”,表示 “书的封面”,用 whose。
whose
解析:先行词是 “a student”,关系词表示 “学生的父亲”,用 whose。
that/which
解析:先行词是 “a story”(物),关系词在从句中作主语,用 that 或 which。
as
解析:固定结构 “the same...as”,表示 “和…… 一样的”,用 as。
(二)句子转换题
She has a friend who is a doctor.
解析:先行词 “a friend”(人),关系词在从句中作主语,用 who。
I will never forget the day when I joined the club.
解析:先行词 “the day”(时间),关系词在从句中作时间状语,用 when。
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
解析:先行词 “the house”(地点),关系词在从句中作地点状语,用 where。
九、提升练习:近五年真题 + 改编题 + 模拟题
(一)2025 年真题
(2025 年全国高考一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
答案:which
解析:非限制性定语从句,先行词是 Go, or weiqi in Chinese(围棋),指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用 which。
(2025 年全国高考二卷)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free - range, and central heating doesn’t exist.
答案:where
解析:非限制性定语从句,先行词是 the countryside of Zhejiang, China(中国浙江的农村),指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用 where。
(2025 年 1 月浙江首考)Tanya is also looking beyond special - occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer - term rental period.
答案:which
解析:非限制性定语从句,先行词是 less formal clothing(较休闲的服装),指物,关系词在从句中作 package 的宾语,用 which。
(2025 高考北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
答案:which
解析:非限制性定语从句,先行词是 1.3 billion tons of food waste,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用 which。
(2025 北京卷)I live next door to a couple ______ children often make a lot of noise.
答案:whose
解析:先行词是 a couple,关系词在从句中作 children 的定语,表示 “这对夫妇的”,用 whose。
(二)2024 年真题
The environment is facing serious problems, ______ affect everyone’s life.(2024 年北京卷)
答案:which
解析:非限制性从句,指代 problems,用 which。
We live in a world ______ different cultures coexist.(2024 年北京卷)
答案:where
解析:先行词 world 表抽象地点,用 where。
This is the museum ______ we visited last week.(2024 年浙江首考卷)
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 museum 指物,从句缺宾语。
He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s.(2024 年全国二卷改编)
答案:which
解析:介词后指物,用 which。
______ is known to all, English is important.(2024 年全国一卷)
答案:As
解析:非限制性从句,表 “正如”,放句首用 as。
(三)2023 年真题
The reason ______ he was late was that he missed the bus.(2023 年北京卷改编)
答案:why
解析:先行词 reason 表原因,用 why。
The books on the desk, ______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.(2023 年全国甲卷)
答案:whose
解析:covers 与 books 是所属关系,用 whose。
They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered.(2023 年新高考 2 卷)
答案:that
解析:先行词既有人又有物,用 that。
This is the best film ______ I’ve ever seen.(2023 年全国乙卷)
答案:that
解析:先行词被最高级修饰,用 that。
She bought a new bike, ______ cost 2000 yuan.(2023 年 1 月浙江卷)
答案:which
解析:非限制性从句,指物用 which。
(四)2022 年真题改编
The man ______ we talked to is my teacher.(改编自 2022 年全国甲卷)
答案:whom/who/that
解析:先行词 the man 指人,从句中作宾语。
This is the place ______ I was born.(改编自 2022 年全国乙卷)
答案:where
解析:先行词 the place 表地点,用 where。
I’ll never forget the day ______ we met.(改编自 2022 年新高考 1 卷)
答案:when
解析:先行词 the day 表时间,用 when。
This is the only book ______ I need.(改编自 2022 年浙江卷)
答案:that
解析:先行词被 the only 修饰,用 that。
He failed the exam, ______ made his parents angry.(改编自 2022 年北京卷)
答案:which
解析:非限制性从句,指代主句内容,用 which。
(五)2021 年真题改编
The girl ______ father is a doctor is my classmate.(改编自 2021 年全国甲卷)
答案:whose
解析:表所属关系,用 whose。
This is the house ______ I lived in last year.(改编自 2021 年全国乙卷)
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 the house 指物,从句中作宾语。
______ is reported, the project will be completed next year.(改编自 2021 年新高考 2 卷)
答案:As
解析:非限制性从句,表 “正如”,用 as。
I have a friend ______ likes playing football.(改编自 2021 年浙江卷)
答案:who/that
解析:先行词 a friend 指人,从句中作主语。
The pen ______ I bought yesterday is lost.(改编自 2021 年北京卷)
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 the pen 指物,从句中作宾语。
(六)模拟题
I. 请使用恰当的关系词填空
The boy ______ is standing there is my brother.
答案:who/that
解析:先行词 the boy 指人,从句中作主语。
This is the bag ______ I bought last week.
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 the bag 指物,从句中作宾语。
The city ______ we visited is very beautiful.
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 the city 指物,从句中作宾语。
I know a girl ______ can speak three languages.
答案:who/that
解析:先行词 a girl 指人,从句中作主语。
The book ______ cover is red is mine.
答案:whose
解析:表所属关系,用 whose。
I’ll never forget the year ______ we lived in the countryside.
答案:when
解析:先行词 the year 表时间,用 when。
This is the reason ______ he didn’t come to the meeting.
答案:why
解析:先行词 the reason 表原因,用 why。
The hotel ______ we stayed was very clean.
答案:where
解析:先行词 the hotel 表地点,用 where。
He told me a story ______ was very interesting.
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 a story 指物,从句中作主语。
The girl ______ you met yesterday is my sister.
答案:whom/who/that
解析:先行词 the girl 指人,从句中作宾语。
This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen.
答案:that
解析:先行词被最高级修饰,用 that。
She has a brother ______ is a teacher.
答案:who/that
解析:先行词 a brother 指人,从句中作主语。
The house ______ windows face south is mine.
答案:whose
解析:表所属关系,用 whose。
I remember the day ______ I first came to this school.
答案:when
解析:先行词 the day 表时间,用 when。
The man ______ we are talking about is a famous writer.
答案:whom/who/that
解析:先行词 the man 指人,从句中作宾语。
This is the factory ______ my father works.
答案:where
解析:先行词 the factory 表地点,用 where。
He bought a new car, ______ cost him a lot of money.
答案:which
解析:非限制性从句,指物用 which。
______ we all know, the sun rises in the east.
答案:As
解析:非限制性从句,表 “正如”,用 as。
This is the same book ______ I lost last week.
答案:as
解析:the same...as 结构,用 as。
He is such a kind man ______ everyone likes.
答案:as
解析:such...as 结构,用 as。
The students ______ are from Class One are very clever.
答案:who/that
解析:先行词 the students 指人,从句中作主语。
The desk ______ leg is broken is mine.
答案:whose
解析:表所属关系,用 whose。
I’ll never forget the time ______ we spent together.
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 the time 指物,从句中作宾语。
The place ______ we had a picnic was very beautiful.
答案:where
解析:先行词 the place 表地点,用 where。
He told me everything ______ he knew.
答案:that
解析:先行词 everything 是不定代词,用 that。
The girl ______ mother is a nurse is my friend.
答案:whose
解析:表所属关系,用 whose。
This is the first lesson ______ I learned in this school.
答案:that
解析:先行词被序数词修饰,用 that。
The book ______ I’m reading is very interesting.
答案:that/which
解析:先行词 the book 指物,从句中作宾语。
The man ______ is wearing a blue shirt is my uncle.
答案:who/that
解析:先行词 the man 指人,从句中作主语。
She has a collection of stamps, ______ are very valuable.
答案:which
解析:非限制性从句,指物作主语用 which。
II. 写作应用练习
1. 故宫是一座有着悠久历史的宫殿,每年吸引着成千上万的游客前来参观。(提示:用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代“故宫”)
2. 我们应该尊重那些为保护野生动物付出努力的人。(提示:用who引导限制性定语从句,修饰“人”)
3. 这是我们学校举办运动会的操场,许多精彩的比赛在这里进行。(提示:用where引导定语从句,修饰“操场”)
4. 他成功研发出了新的环保材料,这让他感到非常自豪。(提示:用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文内容)
5. 还记得我们一起在海边看日出的那天吗?那是我最难忘的经历之一。(提示:用when引导定语从句,修饰“那天”)
参考答案
The Forbidden City is a palace with a long history, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.
解析:先行词是 “The Forbidden City”,指物,非限制性定语从句中用 which 作主语,符合附件中对非限制性定语从句指物用 which 的规则。
We should respect those who have made efforts to protect wild animals.
解析:先行词是 “those”,指人,限制性定语从句中用 who 作主语,契合定语从句中先行词指人且作主语用 who 的用法。
This is the playground where our school holds sports meetings and many wonderful competitions are held here.
解析:先行词是 “the playground”,指地点,定语从句中用 where 作地点状语,符合关系副词 where 的使用规则。
He successfully developed new environmentally friendly materials, which made him very proud.
解析:which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文 “He successfully developed new environmentally friendly materials” 这件事,符合非限制性定语从句指代整个主句内容用 which 的考点。
Do you remember the day when we watched the sunrise by the sea together It is one of my most unforgettable experiences.
解析:先行词是 “the day”,指时间,定语从句中用 when 作时间状语,遵循关系副词 when 修饰时间先行词的用法。