高考英语二轮语法专题复习-专题5 非谓语动词 导学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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名称 高考英语二轮语法专题复习-专题5 非谓语动词 导学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高考英语语法专题复习
专题5 非谓语动词
目 录
考点1 非谓语动词的形式和句法功能 2
1. 动词不定式变化形式 2
2. -ing(现在分词和动名词)变化形式 3
3. 分词的变化形式 4
4. 非谓语动词句法功能 6
考点2 非谓语动词作主语 6
1. 动名词和动词不定式作主语 6
2. 用形式主语it代替动词不定式或动名词作主语的情况 6
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语 8
考点4 非谓语动词作表语 11
1. 动词不定式和动名词作表语 11
2. 分词作表语 11
考点5 非谓语动词作定语 12
1. 动词不定式作定语 12
2. 动名词作定语 13
3. 分词作定语 14
考点6 非谓语动词作状语 15
1. 动词不定式作状语 15
2. 分词作状语 16
3. 含有非谓语动词的独立主格结构 18
4. “连词+非谓语动词”作状语 19
考点7 非谓语动词作补足语 19
1. 动词(短语)+宾语+带to的不定式(作宾语补足语) 20
2. 感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语 20
3. 使役动词+宾语+非谓语动词(作宾语补足语) 21
4. find/leave/keep+宾语+非谓语动词(作宾语补足语) 23
5. catch+宾语+现在分词(作宾语补足语) 24
6. with+宾语+非谓语动词(作宾语补足语) 24
7. 不定式作主语补足语的常见结构 25
八、专项练习 26
九、答案解析 36
非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(分为现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以充当句子任何其他成分。
考点1 非谓语动词的形式和句法功能
1. 动词不定式变化形式
主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing \
完成式 to have done to have been done
注意:
① 否定形式:not+不定式,即not to do sth.
② 动词不定式的一般式:所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
Would you please help me to put things in order before we leave
在我们离开之前,请帮我整理一下东西好吗 (help和to put同时发生)
The boy said he wanted to be a scientist.
这男孩说他想当一名科学家。(to be在wanted之后)
③ 动词不定式的进行式:所表示的动作正在进行。
When he came in, I happened to be reading a novel.
他进来的时候,我碰巧在看小说。
④ 动词不定式的完成式:所表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
对不起,让你久等了。(to have kept发生在am所表示的时间之前)
2. -ing(现在分词和动名词)变化形式
主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
现在分词和动名词形式一致,都是在动词后面加-ing。两者在句子功能方面大不相同:
① -ing形式作表语:如果-ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词;如果-ing形式相当于形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。(其中standing为现在分词)
One of the best exercises is jogging.
最佳的运动方式之一是慢跑。(其中jogging为动名词)
② -ing形式作定语:动名词作定语时,说明被修饰的名词的性能和用途,它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的行为,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句)。
a swimming(用途)pool=a pool for swimming(动名词)
a sleeping girl=a girl who is sleeping(现在分词)
③ 常用动名词搭配
be busy/active doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.
have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.
There is no point/sense/harm/use doing sth.
3. 分词的变化形式
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词有主动式和被动式之分,而过去分词本身表示被动或完成,因此只有一种形式。
现在分词 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 done done
现在分词和过去分词在句中所充当的句子功能相似,但是两者的形式不同,在表意方面也有很大区别。
① 在语态方面,现在分词与所修饰的名词之间是主动的逻辑关系,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,与所修饰的名词之间是被动的逻辑关系,不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成。
This is an exciting movie. 这是一部令人激动的电影。(exciting表主动,为现在分词)
We feel excited. 我们倍感激动。(excited表被动,为过去分词)
They picked up a lot of fallen leaves. 他们捡了很多落叶。(fallen表完成,为过去分词)
② 在时间方面,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。通过分词的不同形式,我们可以判定动作的状态是正在发生还是已经完成。
the changing world 正在变化着的世界
the changed world 已经起了变化的世界
4. 非谓语动词句法功能
句法功能
非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动名词和动词不定式作主语
动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。
Collecting information about children’s health is his job.
收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
It’s very kind of you to have given us so much help.
你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
2. 用形式主语it代替动词不定式或动名词作主语的情况
动词不定式和动名词作主语时,常用it作形式主语,放在原主语的位置上。
(1)用形式主语it代替不定式作主语的常见句型有:
A. It’s difficult(important, necessary)for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事有困难(很重要,有必要)。
B. It’s kind(friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish,brave)of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是善良的(友善的,礼貌的,粗心大意的,粗鲁的,残忍的,聪明的,愚蠢的,勇敢的)。
注意:
不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词作表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导:
brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid,good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest,modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。
Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.
专家说步行是一个人保持健康的最佳方式之一。
It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
你发明这样的装置很是聪明。
(2)用形式主语it代替动名词作主语的常见句型有:
A. It’s no good(use, fun)doing sth.
B. It’s(a)waste of time one’s doing sth.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
动名词和动词不定式可作宾语,主要有下面四种类型:
1. 只接不定式作宾语,而不能接动名词作宾语的动词
afford(付得起),apply(申请),arrange(安排),agree(同意),offer(提出),intend(打算),plan(计划),demand(要求),ask(要求),promise(答应),help(帮忙),prepare(准备),decide(决定),refuse(拒绝),choose(选择),wish(希望),want(想要),expect(期待,期望),pretend(假装),manage(设法),determine(决心)
2. 只接动名词作宾语,而不能接不定式作宾语的动词
admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),deny(否认),dislike(不喜欢),enjoy(喜爱),escape(逃脱),excuse(原谅),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),give up(放弃),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mention(提及),mind(介意),miss(没赶上),permit(允许),practise(练习),prohibit(禁止),put off(推迟),risk(冒险),suggest(建议)
3. 既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语且意思一致的动词有些动词既可接动名词作宾语,又可接不定式作宾语,且两者意思基本相同:like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(憎恨),prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续)等。
4. 既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语但意思不一致的动词有的动词既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,两者意思不同,要注意区别:
(1)remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生,后接动名词(有时可用完成式),则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。
I regret saying what I said, and I’ll remember never to say it again.
我懊悔刚才所说的话,并且牢记再也不讲了。
(2)try接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。
You shouldn’t try to leave the restaurant without paying. You should try communicating with the manager.
你不应该试图不付账就离开饭店。你应该尝试和经理沟通一下。
(3)mean接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事。
If we mean to catch the early bus, that means getting up before five.
要想赶早班车,我们就得在5点钟以前起床。
(4)stop接动名词表示停止做某事,接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事(注意:接不定式时,不定式不是宾语,而是目的状语)。
The computer stopped working, and I had to stop to get someone to mend it.
电脑坏了,我不得不停下来去找人修理电脑。
(5)can’t help接动名词表示禁不住去做某事,接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。
She’s a beautiful girl, and you can’t help liking her. However, I can’t help to run after her. 她是一个漂亮的姑娘,你会禁不住喜欢她的。但我不能帮忙去追求她。
(6)go on接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一件事,接动名词表示继续做正在做的事。
The minister went on writing for two hours, and then went on to talk about foreign policy.
部长一连写了两个小时,接着就畅谈外交政策。
注意:动词用作介词的宾语时,要用动名词形式,不能用不定式。但是,当非谓语动词位于but, except后作宾语时,习惯上要用不定式,并且,当其前有动词do时,则不定式不带to;若其前没有动词do,则不定式通常带to。
She was late because of missing the bus. 她迟到了,因为没有赶上公共汽车。
We had no choice but to wait. 我们除了等待之外别无选择。
I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意,没有别的办法。
考点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 动词不定式和动名词作表语
不定式和动名词作表语相当于名词作表语,表示主语的内容,主语和表语可以对调。
My job is teaching.→Teaching is my job. 我的工作是教书。
My job is to teach.→To teach is my job. 我的工作是教书。
2. 分词作表语
分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,主语和表语不可对调。分词作表语时总是放在系动词之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。-ing形式通常表示主动或进行,过去分词则表示被动或完成。
I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 我觉得商店每天这个时候关门。
The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。
注意:
现在分词或过去分词常用作表语的动词有:interest, move,discourage, amuse, astonish, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy,tire, worry, surprise, bore, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, shock等。通常修饰人用过去分词,意为“某人感觉……的”,常构成“be+过去分词+介词+宾语”的结构;修饰物时则用现在分词形式,意为“令人……的”,常用来表示事物或人的特点、属性等。
I am interested in English. 我对英语感兴趣。
His performance is satisfying. 他的表现是令人满意的。
考点5 非谓语动词作定语
动词不定式、动名词和分词都可作定语。动名词和单独的分词作定语,往往位于所修饰的中心词之前;动词不定式和分词短语作定语,需位于中心词后面,即充当后置定语。
1. 动词不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语时通常为后置定语,即放在被修饰名词或代词后。
I have nothing to say about this question. 在这个问题上,我没有什么话要说。
He was the first guest to arrive. 他是第一个到达的客人。
不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系,而该不定式为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。可转换成:介词+which+to do作定语。
I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。
→I need a piece of paper on which to write.
不定式常作下列名词的定语:attempt, ability, anything, chance,desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity,plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。
They have now an opportunity to go abroad to study further.
他们现在有机会出国深造。
由only, last, next序数词或形容词的最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
Mr. Wang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.
王先生总是最先到办公室,并最后一个离开。
在一些固定句型中,习惯上使用不定式。
It’s your turn to speak now. 该轮到你说了。
It’s time to go to school. 该上学了。
2. 动名词作定语
动名词作定语不以短语的形式出现,而且总是位于被修饰名词之前(在许多情况下构成合成名词),用以表示被修饰名词的用途、目的和场合:
reading room 阅览室
operating table 手术台
swimming pool 游泳池
singing competition 歌咏比赛
drinking water 饮用水
washing machine 洗衣机
3. 分词作定语
单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前,但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后。如被修饰的名词是something, anything,everything, nothing 等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
被车伤着的男孩被立即送到了医院。
There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。
分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
The man waiting for you(=who is waiting for you)is your friend.正在等你的人是你的朋友。
考点6 非谓语动词作状语
动词不定式和分词可作状语。两者作状语时应和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则应使用独立主格结构。
1. 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式。
We eat to live, but we don’t live to eat.
我们吃饭是为了活着,但是活着不是为了吃饭。(目的状语)
She burst into tears to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息后她痛哭流涕。(原因状语)
表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用,构成so as(not)to do sth.和in order(not)to do sth.的动词不定式结构,在句中充当目的状语。so as to do sth.不可用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early. 为了及时赶到那里,我们早早地起床了。
=In order to get there in time, we got up very early.
=We got up very early(in order/so as)to get there in time.
only to do sth.表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果,或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作。
I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,结果最后却失败了。
注意:有时,不定式还可独立修饰一个句子,表明说话人的态度。
常见的此类不定式有to tell you the truth(说实话),to be honest(老实说),to be frank(坦率地说),to be fair(公平地讲)等。
To tell you the truth, I don’t like that film. 说实话,我不喜欢那部电影。
2. 分词作状语
现在分词和过去分词作状语,多说明动作发生的方式或伴随情况。
主语在逻辑上与分词如果是主动关系,则用现在分词,如果是被动关系则用过去分词。分词可以位于句首、句中或者句末,其作用相当于一个相应的状语从句。
Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. 听到这个坏消息,她痛哭流涕。(时间状语)
→When/as she heard the bad news, she burst into tears.(时间状语从句)
Given more time, we could have done it better.
如果再多给些时间,我们可以做得更好。(条件状语)
→If we are given more time, we could have done it better.(条件状语从句)
现在分词作结果状语多位于句末,表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱,造成那个国家洪水泛滥。
→It rained heavily, which caused severe flooding in that country.
如果不定式或分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生,该不定式或分词需用完成式。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给你添了这么多麻烦。
Having finished my homework, I went to play football. 完成了作业后,我出去踢球了。
→After I finished my homework, I went to play football.
3. 含有非谓语动词的独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句中作状语,这种现象称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,在语法上不是句子,一般有逗号与主句分开。有时可以用with引出。
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用,主要用于书面语。使用非谓语动词形式的独立主格结构可以改为状语从句。
(1)“名词(代词)+过去分词”。
The signal given, the bus started. 信号发出后,公共汽车就启动了。
→After the signal was given, the bus started.
(2)“名词(代词)+现在分词”。
Today being Monday, the library isn’t open. 今天星期一,图书馆不开放。
→As(Since)today is Monday, the library isn’t open.
Summer coming, it gets hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的到来,天气越来越热了。
→As summer comes, it gets hotter and hotter.
(3)“名词(代词)+不定式”。
With so many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。
→As so many people help him, he is sure to succeed.
4. “连词+非谓语动词”作状语
可以看作非谓语动词前面加连词,也可以是状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或者是it,并且从句谓语中含有be,把be和主语一起省略后的省略句。
The flowers his friend gave him will die unless watered(=unless they are watered)every day. 他的朋友送给他的花,如果不每天浇水就会死的。(water和flowers之间是被动关系)
Although answering(=Although Tom answered)all the questions in the test, Tom did not get a good grade. 尽管在考试中回答了所有的问题,汤姆也没有得到好成绩。(answer和Tom之间是主动关系)
考点7 非谓语动词作补足语
在主动语态句子中,动词不定式和分词可作宾语补足语,构成“v.+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,当这个主动语态的句子变成被动语态,即原宾语成为句子主语时,其补足语称作主语补足语。
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。(宾语补足语)
We will not be allowed to play on the street. 我们不被允许在街上玩耍。(主语补足语)
1. 动词(短语)+宾语+带to的不定式(作宾语补足语)
有些动词(短语)后跟带to的不定式作补语,即:动词(短语)+宾语+to do sth.拥有这种结构的常见动词(短语)有:advise, appoint, allow, ask,beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love,order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
2. 感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语
感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste,feel等的宾语补足语有3种形式,即动词原形(省略to 的不定式,变成被动语态要加上to)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动或正在进行,过去分词表示被动或完成,动词原形表示主动和完成。
(1)不带to的不定式充当感官动词补语。
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语)
She was heard to sing an English song just now.
刚才她被听到唱了一首英文歌。(带to的不定式作主语补足语)
(2)现在分词充当感官动词补语。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。(宾语补足语)
She was heard singing an English song by me when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她房间时,她被我听到在唱英文歌。(主语补足语)
(3)过去分词充当感官动词补语。
I heard the English song sung many times.
我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。(宾语补足语)
The English song was heard sung many times.
这首英文歌多次被听到唱。(主语补足语)
3. 使役动词+宾语+非谓语动词(作宾语补足语)
常见使役动词let, make, have, get+宾语+非谓语动词(作宾语补足语)
(1)let sb./sth. do 意为“让某人/某物做……”。
Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.
让他们留在教室里面自己做练习。
(2)make sb./sth. do 意为“使/让某人/某物做……”,变被动语态时,不定式需带to。
The teacher made the students stay after class. 老师让这些学生下课后留下来。
The students were made to stay after class. 这些学生被要求下课后留下来。
(3)make sb./sth. done 意为“让/使某人或某事被……”。
He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门,以便让自己被人听到。
Can you easily make yourself understood in English
你能使用英文把意思表达清楚吗?
(4)have sb./sth. do意为“让某人或某物做……”。
She had her children cook dinner for her. 她让孩子们为她做饭。
(5)have sb./sth. done 意为“让某人/某事被……”。
I had my hair cut last Saturday. 上周六我理了发。
(6)get sb. to do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,注意to不可省略。
How can we get all the employees to arrive on time
我们如何才能让所有员工都准时抵达?
(7)get sb./sth. done意为“让某人/某事被……”。
We’re getting our house painted this weekend. 我们这周末要请人粉刷房屋。
4. find/leave/keep+宾语+非谓语动词(作宾语补足语)
动词find, leave, keep也可以接非谓语动词作补足语。
She found a wallet lying on the ground.
她发现一只钱包在地上。(现在分词作宾语补足语)
They found the street lined with people.
他们发现大街两侧都站着人。(过去分词作宾语补足语)
He measured the cloth and found it(to be)the exact size.
他量了一下布,发现大小正好合适。(不定式作宾语补足语,to be可省略)
For most of the day he can still be found working somewhere in the plant. 白天大部分时间人们还发现他在厂里某个地方工作。(被动语态,现在分词作主语补足语)
This method was found to be practicable.
大家发现这方法很可行。(被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语)
注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成或状态。
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(状态)
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(完成)
5. catch+宾语+现在分词(作宾语补足语)
catch可接现在分词作宾语补足语,构成catch sb. doing的结构,意为“撞见某人正在做某事”,其被动形式为:sb. be caught doing sth。
Next time I catch you stealing from others’ pockets, I’ll turn you in to the police.
下次再让我看到你偷别人口袋里的东西,我就把你送到警察局。(作宾语补足语)
She was caught cheating in the exam. 她考试作弊被抓到了。(作主语补足语)
6. with+宾语+非谓语动词(作宾语补足语)
(1)“with+宾语+不定式”通常表示不定式动作尚未发生或在当时看来尚未发生。
With all this work to do, I won’t have time to go out.
有这么多工作要做,我就没有时间出去了。
(2)“with+宾语+现在分词”指动作正在进行或在当时看来已是一种在持续的状态。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了,灯还亮着。
注意:正如进行时态有时可以表示将来意义一样,有时“现在分词”也可表示将来意义。
With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.
冬天就要到了,该买暖和衣裳了。
(3)“with+宾语+过去分词”指与其前的名词或代词为被动关系。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐在那里。
7. 不定式作主语补足语的常见结构
一些动词用于被动语态中,后面常接不定式作主语补足语,构成如下结构:Sb./Sth.+be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done.例如:
Shakespeare is considered to be one of the greatest writers.
莎士比亚被认为是最伟大的作家之一。
(=It is considered that Shakespeare is one of the greatest writers.)
He was said to have been cheated in the street. 据说,他在大街上被骗了。
(=It was said that he has been cheated in the street.)
八、专项练习
I. 单句改错。(仅限1处)
1. Seen my grandparents and aunt chat happily online, my parents and I felt a sense of contentment.
2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit.
3. Working hard, and you will make it.
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not.
5. We hurriedly ended our meeting, left many problems to be settled.
6. Paul doesn’t have to be made learn, because he always works hard.
7. Suddenly there appeared a young lady dressing in green.
8. During the examination we are asked staying in our seats and keep eyes on our work.
9. They kept me locking in a room and I was rescued by the police two days later.
10. Our school provides all the senior students with easy access to read books.
II. 在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
11. ① She told me the book ______(call)Pride and Prejudice.
② She starred in a TV play ______(call)Katerina.
12. ① We have prepared a simple dish, mainly ______(consist)of rice and vegetables.
② It’s easy for us to prepare the dish, because it mainly ______(consist)of rice and vegetables.
13. ① ______(know)basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
② ______(know)basic first aid techniques, and you will respond quickly to emergencies.
14. ① The bridge ______(build)in 2012 helps promote tourism in this area.
② The bridge ______(build)now will help promote tourism in this area.
③ The bridge ______(build)next year will help promote tourism in this area.
15. ① ______(see)from the top of the hill, I find the city more beautiful.
② ______(see)from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
16. ① She got to the railway station in a hurry, only ______(tell)the train had already gone.
② Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, ______(destroy)fourteen homes.
17. ① With the work ______(finish), he went out to play.
② With a lot of work ______(do), he had to stay at home.
③ With the price of houses ______(go)up, many people can’t afford a new house.
18. ① ______(face)with the difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.
② ______(face)the difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.
19. ① Though ______(tell)of the danger, he still risked his life in saving the boy.
②When ______(wait)at the bus stop, I heard someone behind me shouting loudly, “Help!”
20. ① ______(climb)up through the branches, I seized him, gave him a scolding and ______(drop)him softly to the ground.
② I gently picked up the baby bird, climbed up the ladder and, ______(stretch)my arm out as far as I could, placed it in the nest.
21. ① ______(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
② ______(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
22. ① —Can I smoke here
—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke)here.
② My parents don’t allow me ______(go)out at night.
③ Passengers are not allowed ______(smoke).
23. ① He was busy writing a story, only ______(stop)once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
② I hurried to the supermarket, only ______(find)it was closed.
24. ① In the past he often made his sister ______(cry), but now he is often made ______(cry)by his sister.
② My father himself made some candles ______(give)light in the past.
25. With tears filling his eyes, Tom shouted out the words ______(hide)in his hearts for years.
26. Don’t sit there ______(do)e and help me with this table.
27. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______(breathe).
28. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______(walk)home in the snowstorm.
29. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______(interest)in his lecture.
30. The meeting room ______(be)very crowded, he had to stand.
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
31. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. fills
32. Poor boy! His ______ looks and ______ hands suggested he was very afraid.
A. frightening; trembling
B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled
D. frightened; trembled
33. All the staff in our company are considering ______ to the city center for the fashion show.
A. going
B. having gone
C. to have gone
D. to go
34. Technologically ______, this new design does better than any earlier design of the same kind.
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. speak
D. to speak
35. Having finished her own painting, Mary went on ______ others in the art class.
A. helping
B. to help
C. with help
D. having helped
36. It is no use ______ him to give up smoking. He won’t listen!
A. to persuade
B. trying to persuade
C. persuading
D. try to persuade
37. I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term.
A. completing
B. to complete
C. completed
D. being completed
38. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ______ TV.
A. watching
B. to watching
C. to watch
D. watch
39. The newly-discovered evidence led to the criminal ______ to five years in prison.
A. to be sentenced
B. being sentenced
C. sentenced
D. be sentenced
40. —What is your daughter doing now
—She is on the phone, ______ with one of her schoolmates.
A. to chat
B. chatting
C. chatted
D. being chatted
41. ______, tears came to her eyes.
A. Reading the letter
B. While reading the letter
C. As she was reading the letter
D. To read the letter
42. —What made her unhappy —______.
A. Because she lost her wallet
B. She lost her wallet
C. Losing her wallet
D. To lose her wallet
43. The head teacher insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ for the mid-exam.
A. be; to prepare
B. was; preparing
C. be; preparing
D. was; to prepare
44. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
45. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
IV. 阅读下列短文,使用括号内动词的正确形式(不定式、-ing形式、过去分词)填空。
A primary school has put up signs to warn parents to greet their children with a smile at the end of the day rather than staring at their screens. It has become a common sight at the school gates to see children running up to their parents, only 46 (find)them looking through a text message or scrolling through Facebook.
Now the headmistress at St Joseph’s RC Primary School, in Middlesbrough, has set up the signs at all three entrances to the school, 47 (say)“Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.
She said: “We are trying 48 (develop)our speaking and listening in school and we thought it was a really simple way 49 (get)the message across. It wasn’t an issue among our parents, it just emphasizes that 50 (speak)and listening helps the children to have discussions.”
A parent Danielle Savage said: “I agree with it, it’s a good thing. But it only works if you’re having discussions all the time at home, not just when you’re collecting your child.”
Some people when 51 (question)were more hesitant about the signs, with one parent, whose child is in the foundation stage, 52 (call)the move “a bit daft”.
It is the latest school 53 (take)action against parents picking up their children at the end of the day. Last month, a head teacher banned parents from talking to teachers and set up an exclusion zone to prevent abuse at the school gates.
Almost a third of children 54 (start)school are not ready for the classroom, with many lacking social skills, having speech problems or not toilet 55 (train), the survey of senior primary school staff found.
九、答案解析
I.
1. Seen改为Seeing 考查分词作状语。see与句子主语my parents and I是主动关系,因此应用现在分词作状语。
2. sit后面加on 考查不定式作定语。如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
3. 去掉and,或者Working改为Work 考查句子结构。若改为前者,working hard是现在分词作条件状语;若改为后者,整个句子变为祈使条件句。
4. not后面加to 考查不定式的省略。not to为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词,而不必重复整个不定式词组。
5. left改为leaving,或者在left前面加and或者which 考查句子结构。若改为leaving,为分词作结果状语;若加and则改为了并列句;加which则为非限制性定语从句。
6. made后面加to 考查使役动词。make作使役动词时,主动语态中后接不带to 的动词不定式,当其用于被动语态时,to 不可省略。
7. dressing改为dressed 考查过去分词短语作定语。表示“穿着什么衣服”用wearing或(be)dressed(in)或dressing oneself。
8. staying改为to stay 考查不定式充当主补。此处应为be asked to do sth.的结构,其主动语态形式为ask sb. to do sth.,应当使用不定式充当补语。
9. locking改为locked 考查过去分词作宾补。此处为“keep sb.+分词”的结构,由was rescued by the police(被警方营救)这一信息可知,me和lock之间是被动关系,即“被锁”,因此应用过去分词locked。
10. read改为reading 考查动名词作介词宾语。access to短语中的to为介词,故应用动名词作宾语。
II.
11. ① was called 考查时态和语态。句意:她告诉我这本书被称作《傲慢与偏见》,本句中call为宾语从句的谓语动词,为被动语态,故应为was called。
② called 考查非谓语动词。句意:她主演了一部被称作《凯特琳娜》的电视剧,本句中call修饰play,充当其后置定语,应使用过去分词called,相当于which is called...
12. ① consisting 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们已经准备了简单的饭菜,主要是米饭和蔬菜。 根据句中逗号判断,consist of与a simple dish之间是主动关系,故此处是现在分词短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句which consists of rice and vegetables。
② consists of 考查时态和语态。句意:我们准备饭菜很容易,因为主要是米饭和蔬菜。句子有because,因此是原因状语从句,根据主句时态判断从句也应该是一般现在时态。此外,consist of意为“由……组成”,没有被动语态的形式。
13. ① Knowing/To know 考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:了解基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急事件做出迅速反应。动词不能直接作主语,因此需要变为动名词或者动词不定式。
② Know 考查祈使条件句。句意:如果了解基本的急救技能,你就会对紧急事件做出迅速反应。此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构,祈使句相当于条件状语从句。
14. ① built ② being built ③ to be built 考查非谓语动词作后置定语。 三个句子的逻辑主语都是The bridge,与build 之间是被动关系,分别根据in 2012,now和next year判断非谓语动词形式。
15. ① Seeing ② Seen考查非谓语动词作状语。分别根据两个句子的逻辑主语I/the city与see之间的关系,前者是主动,后者是被动关系。
16. ① to be told ② destroying 考查非谓语动词作结果状语。only to do 的意思是“不料(却)……,结果(却)……”,表示一个没有料到的结果。doing 的意思是“结果就……”,表示一个意料之中的结果。
17. ① finished ② to do ③ going 考查with的复合结构。根据三个句子句意判断,finish与work之间构成被动关系,因此需用过去分词作定语;不定式表示尚未发生的动作,因此第二句中应使用不定式;price与go up为主动关系,故应使用现在分词。
18. ① Faced ② Facing 考查非谓语动词作状语。两句含义一致,句意:面对困难,我通常选择参考相关的学习资料或是网页。(be)faced with意为“面对”;faced with=facing。
19. ① told 句意:虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。② waiting 句意: 当我在公共汽车站点等车的时候,我听到身后有人大喊救命。两个题目均考查“连词+非谓语动词”结构,逻辑主语分别是he和I,与tell of和wait之间分别是被动和主动关系。
20. ① Climbing; dropped 前者考查现在分词作状语,逻辑主语是I,两者为主动关系;后者考查时态和语态,dropped和seized, give一起作并列谓语动词② stretching 考查现在分词作伴随状语,句子中picked up, climbed up和placed为先后发生的并列动作,充当并列谓语动词,而stretching是与placed这一个动作同时发生的动作,表示伴随,充当其伴随状语。
21. ① To make考查非谓语动词。句意:为了更方便地联系到我们,你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知,这里是目的状语,表目的用动词不定式。② Ordered考查过去分词作状语。句意:(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系,即order books/books are ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...
22. ① smoking 考查动名词作宾语。此处是allow doing 的结构。②to go 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。此处是allow sb. to do sth.的结构。③ to smoke 考查动词不定式作主语补足语。即allow sb. to do 的被动语态形式:sb. be allowed to do。
23. ① stopping ② to find 考查非谓语动词作结果状语。非谓语动词作结果状语一般位于句末,前面往往有逗号。only to do表示一个没有料到的结果,(only)doing表示一个意料之中的结果。
24. ① cry; to cry 考查非谓语动词作补足语。句意:以前他经常让他妹妹哭,现如今他经常被他妹妹弄哭。make sb. do sth.表示让某人做某事,变为被动语态时,其结构为be made to do sth.表示被迫做某事。② to give 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:在以前,爸爸自制一些蜡烛照明。此题容易误填give,此处make 意为“制造”,而不是使役动词“使,让”,故应填不定式to give,表示目的。
25. hidden考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意:汤姆眼含泪水,喊出了多年埋藏在心里的话。words与hide之间为被动关系,根据for years可知是完成,故填过去分词。
26. doing 考查现在分词短语充当伴随状语。句意:别坐在那里什么也不做,过来帮我收拾餐桌。语境为两个祈使句,省略了主语you,而you 和do 之间是主动关系,和sit是伴随关系。
27. to breathe考查动词不定式。句意:我喜欢夏天起大早,早上的空气呼吸起来很好。此处为固定句型:sb./sth.+be+adj.+to do...,这个句型中不定式是主动表被动,这样的形容词是easy/hard/difficult时,后面的不定式使用主动形式表示被动含义。
28. walking 句意:你很难想象我们在大雪中步行回家遇到的困难。这是have difficulty doing sth.这一结构的延伸,把句型中的difficulty 作为主句imagine的宾语,后面用一个定语从句we had修饰,其他部分保持不变,故填入walking。还原回普通句:we had difficulty walking home in the snowstorm.
29. interested考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:他很受学生欢迎,因为他总是努力使他们对他的课感兴趣。此处是“make+宾语+补足语”的结构。
30.being考查独立主格结构。句意:由于会议室里挤满了人,他只有站着。根据句中逗号判断前面部分为独立主格结构。the meeting room和very crowded是主谓关系,故为being。 此题容易误填was。
Ⅲ.
31. B 考查with的复合结构。句意:——快,关于这个项目,给我些建议吧!——不好意思,我脑袋里满是工作,我快不行了。so much work与fill是主动关系,故选择B。此处也可表达为:so much work full of my mind。
32. B 考查分词作定语。句意:可怜的孩子!他害怕的表情和颤抖的双手暗示着他很害怕。此句中的look是名词,为“表情”之意,当修饰表情等词时用-ed形式的分词,tremble是不及物动词,是“颤抖的”意思,与被修饰词hand 是主动关系所以用-ing形式的分词充当定语,故选B项。单个分词作定语需要放在所修饰的词前面。
33. A 考查动名词作宾语。句意:我们公司所有员工都在考虑去市中心看时装秀。consider doing表示“考虑做某事”,故选A项。
34. A 考查特殊结构。句意:从技术上说,这款新的设计要比任何其他早期的同类设计要好。speaking常与某些副词连用,作插入语,如generally speaking, strictly speaking等,故选A。
35. B 考查动名词作宾语。句意:玛丽完成她的绘画后,继续帮着班里其他人。go on doing sth.意为“继续(干某事),持续不断地(干某事)”,表示一直在做某事,没有做其他事;go on to do sth. 表示“继续做另外一件事”,故选B项。
36. B 考查固定短语。句意:试图劝他戒烟是没有用的,他不会听的!It is no use doing sth.为固定用法,意为“做……是没用的”;try to do sth.意为“试图做某事”。故选B项。
37. B 考查动词不定式短语作定语。句意:学期结束前我还有很多书要看。have something to do意为“有事情要做”,这里的不定式表示将来,是尚未发生的动作。
38. A 考查动名词作宾语。句意:根据美国最近的一项调查,孩子一个星期花在看电视上的时间高达25小时。spend some time(in)doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”,介词in可以省略,相当于spend some time on sth.,故A正确。
39. B 考查非谓语动词。句意:新发现的证据导致这名罪犯被判处5年监禁。lead to导致,to为介词,故后面应接动名词充当宾语;sb.与doing之间是被动关系,所以用being done的形式,故B正确。
40. B 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:——你女儿在做什么?——她在打电话,和一个校友聊天。由句意可知在打电话的同时,是在聊天,而且she和chat是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,故选B。
41. C 考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语以及与状语从句的关系。本句的主语是tears,因此和read之间没有逻辑上的任何关系,故不用非谓语,也不用省略的形式,由此答案C符合语境,即:as引导一个时间状语从句。
42. C 考查省略和动名词作主语。句意:——什么让她不高兴?——丢了钱包(让她不高兴)。根据What made her unhappy可知这个句子缺少主语,动名词可以做句子的主语,故选C项。
43. A 考查虚拟语气和非谓语的用法。句意:校长坚决要求每一分钟都应被充分利用,以便为期中考试做好准备。insist意为“坚持,坚决要求”接that宾语从句时,从句需使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语使用“should+动词原形”的形式,其中的should可以省略。但是,当insist表示“坚称,坚持认为”时,接that从句不使用虚拟,如:I insist that he is innocent.我坚持认为他是无罪的。(“认为”是事实用陈述句语气。)第二个空to do 表示目的状语,故选A项。
44. C 考查-ed分词短语作原因状语的用法。句意:由于陷入了沉思,他差点撞到了前面的车上。be lost in thought是一个短语,意为“陷入沉思”,所以选C。
45. C 考查“连词+分词(短语)作状语”。题干的主语是the experiment,谓语动词是shows,that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干是proper amounts of exercise can improve our health,而if ______ regularly则是插入的条件句。当条件从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可省略从句中的主语,使用非谓语动词的形式作条件状语。此题中,由于carry out 的主语与improve 的主语都是exercise,故可以省略if 条件句中的主语,使用carry out 的非谓语动词形式。因carry out 与主语之间是被动关系,故排除B、D;又由于此处没有强调carry out 这个动作的正在进行之意,而是强调一般情况,即“如果(我们)定期地做(适量运动)”,故排除A 选项。因此C 为正确答案。
IV.
语篇解读:本文介绍了一个小学竖起提示栏提醒家长接孩子时不要玩手机,而应专心与孩子进行亲子互动的举措。
46. to find 考查动词不定式。此处为“only to do sth.”作结果状语,only与不定式连用,表示出乎意料。
47. saying 考查现在分词。此处为现在分词作伴随状语。
48. to develop 考查动词不定式。try to do sth.意为“努力做某事,尽力做某事”,暗含不一定成功之意,try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”,根据语境,此处应填不定式。
49. to get 考查动词不定式。此处为动词不定式短语作后置定语。
50. speaking 考查动名词。此处speaking为动名词短语作主语,与后面的listening并列。
51. questioned 考查过去分词。question与some people之间是被动关系。
52. calling 考查现在分词。此处为“with+名词+doing”的复合结构。one parent与call之间是主动关系。
53. to take 考查动词不定式。中心词被形容词最高级修饰,后面用动词不定式作后置定语。
54. starting 考查现在分词。此处现在分词短语作后置定语。a third of children与start之间是主动关系。
55. trained 考查过去分词。此处为过去分词短语作后置定语。toilet 与train之间是被动关系。