【期末专项培优】语法填空（含解析）2025-2026学年高一上学期英语期末必刷卷译林版（2019）
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| 名称 | 【期末专项培优】语法填空（含解析）2025-2026学年高一上学期英语期末必刷卷译林版（2019） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末专项培优 语法填空
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．Eating habits are different in different countries.The Chinese have a （1） （say） –Eat good things for breakfast， "eat a big meal for lunch，but eat （2） （little） at dinner.Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast，（3） their ideas about lunch and dinner are （4） （difference）.
Most Americans only give （5） （they） a short time for lunch.So they eat a small lunch.After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner.Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family（6） （talk） about their day is a way to take（7） good rest after a long hard day of work.
Eating at restaurants（8） （be） also different.In China，people like to talk and laugh while eating.Very often you can hear people talking and laughing（9） （loud），and they are just having a good time.In America it is not like this.They want a quiet place （10） they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world.
2．Getting healthy is so simple．To become healthy only（1） （require） you to make little changes in your life．For example，walk for thirty minutes every day．This can（2） （achieve） by taking the stairs at work，going shopping on foot，and walking to lunch．Walking will make you feel better，clear your mind，and get you the needed exercise for the day．
It's also a good idea（3） （change） your attitude to food．Don't eat when you feel unhappy or stressed．This is because（4） （eat） when you're upset only leads to increased（5） （problem） of weight gain and bad health．Actually，at this time，you are supposed to go for（6） walk or jog，and in this way，you'll feel better．What's more，eat the main meals when you're（7） （hunger）．Try to stay away（8） junk food，especially sugary foods．Instead，eat more fresh fruits or vegetables and other foods（9） produce healthy energy and good calories．
In a word，walking and eating（10） （proper）are two simple steps to be healthier．You'd better have a try．
3．She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh﹣faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A﹣level course.But unlike her school friends，16﹣year﹣old Sarah is not spending half﹣term（1） （rest） .Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as （2） model in New York.
Sarah （3） （tell）that she could be Britain's new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter，44，wants her to give up school to model full﹣time.But Sarah，（4） has taken part in shows along with top models，wants （5） （prove） that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her （6） （educate）.
She has turned down several（7） （invitation） to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full﹣time before going to university to get a degree（8） engineering or architecture.
Sarah says， "My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at that moment，school（9） （come） first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is （10） （certain） fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model anymore."
4．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Good afternoon，students.We have finally made some （1） （change） to the school clothing rules.The main differences are about hair and shoes.First，I'll talk about the problem with shoes.Recently，I （2） （notice） that some of you have been wearing very expensive designer shoes to class.This has some bad influence （3） our students.We want the school to be an exciting （4） serious place to learn.So，we are keeping out all shoes（5） cost more than ＄100.The second issue is hairstyles.While we understand that you want to express （6） （you），we have to say no to （7） （color） hair.A little red or blue or even （8） （make） your hair blond is OK.But bright pink hair or crazy hair that has five different colors？That' s too much for the classroom.You can wait to experiment with your hair during summer vacation.During the school year，we want you （9） （keep） your minds on your work so you can do well on your tests.The exams will be （10） （hard） this year，so we have a lot more work to do!
5．The use of chopsticks has been （1） big part of Chinese food culture for centuries．When cooking food or picking it up，a pair of chopsticks always comes for use．
So how did chopsticks come into being？It's said that Dayu，a legendary ruler of ancient China （2） helped his people fight floods，invented them．In those days，people （3） （eat） only with their hands．But Dayu was busy preparing for flood control work and often had his meals in the wild．Mostly，he hurried to deal （4） unexpected accidents and didn't want to wait to eat．The meat （5） （cook） in the pot was too hot to pick up with his hands．So one day Dayu picked up some twigs（细枝）（6） （help） him hold the meat．Later，the twigs （7） （gradual） became the chopsticks we know today．
But of course，this is just a story．The （8） （early） chopsticks archaeologists（考古学家） have found so far are more than 3，000 years old，（9） （date） back to the Shang Dynasty．The six bronze chopsticks were found in Yinxu，one of China's oldest archaeological （10） （site），in Anyang，Henan province．
6．On our way to the house，it was raining （1） hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take（2） （get）there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack （3） dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters （4） had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （5） （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya （木瓜） and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting （6） （compete） to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many（7） （tradition） stories about Hawaii that were （8） （huge） popular with tourists.On the last day of our week﹣long stay，we （9） （invite） to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （10） （listen） to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
7．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years（1） （long） than non﹣runners.You don't have to run fast or for long（2） （see）the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of（3） （die） early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it（4） （be） more effective at lengthening life（5） walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） （cause）.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it's probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to（8） （strength）your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always（9） （energy）.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give（10） a try.
8．Friends play a very important part in everyone's life．Friendship（1） （usual） develops during childhood．New friends are made when you progress through school．The friends（2） you make as a student last long．A familiar opinion is "You can tell a lot about a person by（3） （know） who his friends are"．Friendship（4） （base）on common interests．If you like sports，most of your friends（5） （be）likely to be active．If you enjoy reading and shopping，most of your friends will do（6） same．
Some people call you their friends for the wrong reasons．These people are not real friends．True friends are there whether you are rich or poor．（7） is easy to have many so﹣called "friends" if you are rich．So you should be able to recognize your friends as the real or the "phoney" ones．True friends are most special．Sometimes they might not be easy（8） （find），so you can consider yourself very（9） （fortune） if you have one true friend．This friend is eager to help you whenever necessary．A true friend is someone you can talk to about any subject or problem．True friends support you，give you a great deal of（10） （encourage），take your side，and build up your confidence．
9．Running a few kilometers each day is good（1） our health.However，new research says running too much could be bad for us.Running long distances（2） （regular）for many years could make our life （3） （short），not longer.A researcher said too much running can created plaque（斑）inside your heart，（4） can lead to heart disease.He wrote that running too much for many years takes away the good things from exercise.He（5） （add）that the risk of heart disease could be （6） same as someone who never exercised.
Researchers said men who ran marathons for 25 years had 62% more plaque in their heart than men who did little（7） no exercise.Another doctor said he felt cheated.He started running marathons in 1967.He used（8） （run）60 kilometers every week.He said，"I thought I was out there exhausting（9） （me），building an absolutely strong heart." The doctor advised （10） （exercise）frequently but not overdoing things.
10．On the first day at my senior high，I woke up early and rushed out of the door（1） （eager） in order to get to know my new school．I was excited to have an（2） （explore） of it!During my English class，Mr．Meng，our English teacher asked us to introduce（3） （we） to the class one by one，and he went first．But I was too nervous to pay attention，（4） （wonder） how I could make a good first impression．I（5） （organize） my words when my turn came．Hearing my self﹣introduction，every one in my class burst out laughing，（6） put me in panic．However，my teacher said， "Nice to know we share the same name．" Although I was embarrassed，his words made me （7） （relax）．
Then，Mr．Meng explained，"Challenges like this might sometimes put you（8） pressure．But it all（9） （depend） on what you do．" Finally，he encouraged us to keep calm and be prepared so as to make（10） most of the time at senior high．
11．Mr White works in an office.He liked reading in bed when he was at school.It was bad （1） his eyes and now he is near﹣sighted.But he wouldn't want anybody else （2） （know） about it and he never wears a pair of （3） （glass）.
One winter morning he （4） （send） to a village school on business.He got off a bus at a stop in . （5） small town.Then he had to walk there.The road to the village wasn't smooth.There were stones here and there，He fell over several times and it made his clothes very dirty.At last he got to the village. （6） （sudden） it began to blow strongly and it got much （7） （cold）.His hat was blown off while he was looking for the school.He had to run after （8） but he couldn't catch it.He was （9） （wonder） why his hat ran into a house as if it had legs.And then he ran into the house，too.
A big woman appeared and stopped him by （10） （shout） angrily， "What are you running after my hen for？"
12．The first foreign language I studied was French，and I learnt it at a secondary school between the ages of 11 and 18．It was a compulsory subject for the first three years and I（1） （choose） to continue studying it afterwards because I enjoyed it，found it （2） （interest） and was quite good at it．Outside class I practiced （3） （listen） to the French language radio and reading French books．
Before going to university，I spent three months working on （4） farm in southern France．This helped me become pretty fluent（5） French and acquire a rich farming﹣related vocabulary．
My French has also been（6） （help） on holiday on Morocco and Portugal．French（7） （use） as a second language in Morocco and in other countries quite a few people speak French in places （8） a lot of tourists visit．
In September 2009 I joined a couple of French conversation（9） （group） in Bangor and I have been going to them ever since．It has resulted in my （10） （improve） in my spoken French．
Now I can still speak French fluently and can also read it well，but my written French is not so good．
13．Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack resolved to join an expedition （1） （advertise） in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down，thinking Jack was not（2） （qualify）.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and （3） （assign） to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good﹣tempered and loyal and he wasn't selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those who were on the ship all liked him. （4） （fortunate），one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also sank.At that time，the calm captain made a（5） （commit） to save them and commanded them to throw away （6） （they） belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were fortunate enough（7） （escape） the ship.It was their endurance，resolution （8） perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，（9） gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been（10） unforgettable episode in Jack's life.
14．
Bags of Love
Last year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month.During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly ﹣ we were always suddenly out of something.Wondering how my mum（1） consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine.Eventually，I decided to follow her and（2） happened truly amazed me.She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in（3） she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.Then it hit me﹣why would she not want to tell me about what she（4） （do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop（5） （buy） the groceries if I found out？
When she got home，I told her about my discovery.（6） she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret from me.She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by（7） selfless she was.
15．From time to time，people find themselves （1） situations where they have to make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.The story "After Twenty Years" is set in New York on （2） cold，dark night.It is about two friends named Bob and Jimmy.Twenty years ago，Bob （3） （dine） at a restaurant with his friend Jimmy.He decided to leave for the West （4） （make） his fortune，but Jimmy would rather stay in New York.They made a promise that they would meet at the place （5） they had dined.
Bob kept the （6） （appoint） and came back，believing that Jimmy would come if he was alive，because he was a （7） （true） reliable person.He struck a match to light his cigar， （8） （wait） for his friend.Jimmy arrived at the appointed place but found Bob was just the man（9） （want） in Chicago.
However，Jimmy couldn't catch his best friend （10） （he），so he asked a plain clothes policeman to do it.
期末专项培优 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．Eating habits are different in different countries.The Chinese have a （1） saying （say） –Eat good things for breakfast， "eat a big meal for lunch，but eat （2） less （little） at dinner.Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast，（3） but their ideas about lunch and dinner are （4） different （difference）.
Most Americans only give （5） themselves （they） a short time for lunch.So they eat a small lunch.After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner.Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family（6） talking （talk） about their day is a way to take（7） a good rest after a long hard day of work.
Eating at restaurants（8） is （be） also different.In China，people like to talk and laugh while eating.Very often you can hear people talking and laughing（9） loudly （loud），and they are just having a good time.In America it is not like this.They want a quiet place （10） where they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world.
【考点】品行与态度．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了美国人对吃饭的态度。
【解答】（1）saying.考查可数名词的单数。句意：中国有句俗话。结合句意和a可知，此处用名词的单数形式，故填saying。
（2）less.考查比较级。句意：早饭吃好，午饭吃好，晚饭吃少。结合句意可知，此处用比较级表示"更少"，故填less。
（3）but.考查连词。句意：许多美国人同意一天应该以一顿丰盛的早餐开始，但他们对午餐和晚餐的看法不同。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，故填but。
（4）different.考查形容词。句意：许多美国人同意一天应该以一顿丰盛的早餐开始，但他们对午餐和晚餐的看法不同。此处用形容词作are的表语，故填different。
（5）themselves.考查反身代词。句意：大多数美国人只有很短的时间吃午饭。结合句意可知，此处表示"给自己"，故用反身代词，故填themselves。
（6）talking.考查现在分词。句意：此外，在家里与所有家人安静地共进晚餐，谈论他们的一天，也是在漫长而艰苦的一天工作之后好好休息的一种方式。此处为with的复合结构，宾语all the family与talk之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，故填talking。
（7）a.考查冠词。句意：此外，在家里与所有家人安静地共进晚餐，谈论他们的一天，也是在漫长而艰苦的一天工作之后好好休息的一种方式。take a rest表示"休息"符合句意，故填a。
（8）is.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：在餐馆吃饭也不一样。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为Eating at restaurants，谓语动词给i用三单形式，故填is。
（9）loudly.考查副词。句意：很多时候，你可以听到人们大声说话和大笑，他们只是玩得很开心。此处用副词作状语修饰动词talking and laughing，故填loudly。
（10）where.考查定语从句。句意：他们想要一个安静的地方，在那里他们可以吃到一顿丰盛的饭，远离外界的噪音。此处引导定语从句，先行词为place，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
2．Getting healthy is so simple．To become healthy only（1） requires （require） you to make little changes in your life．For example，walk for thirty minutes every day．This can（2） be achieved （achieve） by taking the stairs at work，going shopping on foot，and walking to lunch．Walking will make you feel better，clear your mind，and get you the needed exercise for the day．
It's also a good idea（3） to change （change） your attitude to food．Don't eat when you feel unhappy or stressed．This is because（4） eating （eat） when you're upset only leads to increased（5） problems （problem） of weight gain and bad health．Actually，at this time，you are supposed to go for（6） a walk or jog，and in this way，you'll feel better．What's more，eat the main meals when you're（7） hungry （hunger）．Try to stay away（8） from junk food，especially sugary foods．Instead，eat more fresh fruits or vegetables and other foods（9） that/which produce healthy energy and good calories．
In a word，walking and eating（10） properly （proper）are two simple steps to be healthier．You'd better have a try．
【考点】健康；日常生活．
【答案】（1）requires. （2）be achieved （3）to change（4）eating（5）problems（6）a（7）hungry（8）from（9）that/which （10）properly
【分析】这是一说明文。文章说明了一些只需要在生活中做一点小小的改变，就能变得更健康的方法和建议。
【解答】（1）requires.考查主谓一致和时态。句意：要想变得健康，你只需要在生活中做一点小小的改变。不定式作主语，且文章基本时态为一般现在时，故填requires。
（2）be achieved.考查被动语态。句意：这可以通过在工作时走楼梯，步行购物，步行去吃午餐来实现。根据主语是动词表示的动作的承受者可判断用被动语态；can是情态动词，后要跟动词原形，故填be achieved。
（3）to change．考查动词不定式。句意：改变你对食物的态度也是个好主意。句中It作形式主语，后面应用不定式短语作真正的主语，故应用动词不定式to change。
（4）eating．考查动词﹣ing形式作主语。句意：这是因为当你不开心的时候吃东西只会导致体重增加和健康问题的增加。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词﹣ing形式作表语从句中的主语。故填eating。
（5）problems．考查名词复数。problem为单数可数名词且其前没有限定词，故空处应用名词的复数形式problems。
（6）a．考查冠词。walk作"（尤指为了锻炼或娱乐的）步行"讲时为可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，故空处填不定冠词a。
（7）hungry．考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，饿了就吃正餐。根据上文you're可知空处填形容词作表语，故填hungry。
（8）from．考查介词。句意：尽量远离垃圾食品。短语stay away from"远离"，为固定用法。故填from。
（9）that/which．考查定语从句。句意：相反，多吃新鲜水果或蔬菜以及其他能产生健康能量和优质热量的食物。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词more fresh fruits or vegetables and other foods，故用that/which引导定语从句。
（10）properly．考查词形转换。句意：散步和适当饮食是两个简单的步骤，以使健康。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰动词，故填properly。
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
3．She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh﹣faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A﹣level course.But unlike her school friends，16﹣year﹣old Sarah is not spending half﹣term（1） resting （rest） .Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as （2） a model in New York.
Sarah （3） has been told/was told （tell）that she could be Britain's new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter，44，wants her to give up school to model full﹣time.But Sarah，（4） who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants （5） to prove （prove） that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her （6） education （educate）.
She has turned down several（7） invitations （invitation） to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full﹣time before going to university to get a degree（8） in engineering or architecture.
Sarah says， "My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at that moment，school（9） comes （come） first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is （10） certainly （certain） fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model anymore."
【考点】学习．
【答案】（1）resting（2）a（3）has been told/was told（4）who（5）to prove（6）education（7）invitations（8）in（9）comes（10）certainly
【分析】这是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好，而且是一名收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持内外兼修。
【解答】（1）resting.考查动名词。句意：但与她的学校朋友不同的是，16岁的莎拉并没有在期中休息。sb.spend time （in） doing sth.为固定句型，意为"某人花费时间做某事"，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填resting。
（2）a.考查不定冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约做模特，每天能挣6500美元。model为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且model发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
（3）has been told/was told.考查动词时态和语态。句意：莎拉被告知她将成为英国新的超级名模，并在明年赚到100万美元。空处需填动词作谓语，Sarah和tell为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合语境可知，此处可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，主语为Sarah，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been told/was told。
（4）who.考查定语从句。句意：但是和顶级模特一起参加时装秀的莎拉想要证明自己不仅漂亮，而且有头脑。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Sarah，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
（5）to prove.考查动词不定式。句意：句意同上。want to do sth.为固定用法，意为"想要做某事"，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to prove。
（6）education.考查不可数名词。句意：她决心继续接受教育。her为形容词性物主代词，后面需加名词，education意为"教育"，是不可数名词。故填education。
（7）invitations.考查可数名词复数。句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。invitation为可数名词，several后面需加名词复数形式。故填invitations。
（8）in.考查介词。句意：毕业后，她计划休息一年做全职模特，然后再去大学攻读工程或建筑学学位。表示"在……方面"需用介词in。故填in。
（9）comes.考查时态。句意：但现在，学校是第一位的。根据"at the moment"可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为school是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
（10）certainly.考察副词。句意：这当然是有趣的，但生活方式有点不真实。修饰形容词fun需用副词certainly作状语。故填certainly。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
4．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Good afternoon，students.We have finally made some （1） changes （change） to the school clothing rules.The main differences are about hair and shoes.First，I'll talk about the problem with shoes.Recently，I （2） have noticed （notice） that some of you have been wearing very expensive designer shoes to class.This has some bad influence （3） on our students.We want the school to be an exciting （4） but serious place to learn.So，we are keeping out all shoes（5） that cost more than ＄100.The second issue is hairstyles.While we understand that you want to express （6） yourselves （you），we have to say no to （7） colorful （color） hair.A little red or blue or even （8） to make （make） your hair blond is OK.But bright pink hair or crazy hair that has five different colors？That' s too much for the classroom.You can wait to experiment with your hair during summer vacation.During the school year，we want you （9） to keep （keep） your minds on your work so you can do well on your tests.The exams will be （10） harder （hard） this year，so we have a lot more work to do!
【考点】学习．
【答案】（1）changes（2）have noticed（3）on（4）but（5）that（6）yourselves（7）colorful（8）making##to make（9）to keep（10）harder
【分析】本文是一篇通知。文章主要告诉学校的学生们在上学期间，不要太关注自己的衣着和服饰，要把注意力放在学习上。
【解答】（1）changes.考查可数名词复数。句意：我们终于在校服规则上做出了一些改变。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查可数名词的复数形式，被"some"修饰，作动词"made"的宾语。故填changes。
（2）have noticed.考查动词时态。句意：最近，我注意到你们中的一些人在穿很昂贵的鞋子到班里。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子时间状语是"recently"，所以这里考查现在完成时的谓语动词。主语是"I"，所以助动词用have。故填have noticed。
（3）on.考查介词。句意：这对我们的学生们来说有一些坏影响。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语"have an influence on…"表示"对……有影响"的意思。故填on。
（4）but.考查并列连词。句意：我们希望学校是一个令人兴奋又严肃的学习的地方。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查并列连词，上下文"exciting"和"serious"是转折的关系，一起修饰后面的名词"place"。故填but。
（5）that.考查定语从句。句意：所以，我们禁止超过100美元的鞋子进入校园。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是"shoes"，前面被不定代词"all"修饰，在定语从句中作主语，只能用that引导。故填that。
（6）yourselves.考查反身代词。句意：虽然我们理解你想表达你自己，但是，我们不得不对鲜艳多彩的头发说不。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查反身代词作宾语，表示"你自己"的意思。故填yourselves。
（7）colorful.考查形容词。句意：见第6题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词做定语，修饰后面的名词"hair"。故填colorful。
（8）to make.考查动词不定式。句意：一点的红色，蓝色或者把你的头发染成金黄色的都可以。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词的适当形式做句子的主语，这里可以表示经常性的行为，也可以是一次性的做法，所以这个句子中用动名词和动词不定式结构都可以。故填making或to make。
（9）to keep.考查动词不定式。句意：在上学期间，我们想让你把心思放在你的学习上，因此，你可以在考试中取得好成绩。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配"want sb.to do sth."表示"让某人做某事"的意思。故填to keep。
（10）harder.考查形容词比较级。句意：今年的考试会比较难，因此，我们还有更多的工作要做。根据句子结构和意思可知，后面有比较级结构"a lot more work"，所以这里考查形容词的比较级作表语，修饰句子的主语"The exams"。故填harder。
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
5．The use of chopsticks has been （1） a big part of Chinese food culture for centuries．When cooking food or picking it up，a pair of chopsticks always comes for use．
So how did chopsticks come into being？It's said that Dayu，a legendary ruler of ancient China （2） who/that helped his people fight floods，invented them．In those days，people （3） ate （eat） only with their hands．But Dayu was busy preparing for flood control work and often had his meals in the wild．Mostly，he hurried to deal （4） with unexpected accidents and didn't want to wait to eat．The meat （5） cooked （cook） in the pot was too hot to pick up with his hands．So one day Dayu picked up some twigs（细枝）（6） to help （help） him hold the meat．Later，the twigs （7） gradually （gradual） became the chopsticks we know today．
But of course，this is just a story．The （8） earliest （early） chopsticks archaeologists（考古学家） have found so far are more than 3，000 years old，（9） dating （date） back to the Shang Dynasty．The six bronze chopsticks were found in Yinxu，one of China's oldest archaeological （10） sites （site），in Anyang，Henan province．
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述筷子的传说和考古学家发现的最早的筷子．
【解答】1．a，考查冠词，泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a．
2．who/that，考查定语从句，先行词为人，在定语从句中做主语，故填who或that引导．
3．ate，考查时态，in those days常和一般过去时态连用，故填ate．
4．with，考查固定搭配，deal with处理、对付，故填介词with．
5．cooked ，考查过去分词，cook和它所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填cooked．
6．to help，考查不定式，做目的状语，所以用不定式，故填to help．
7．gradually，考查副词，修饰动词，所以用副词，故填gradually．
8．earliest，考查形容词最高级，作定语修饰名词，前面有the，表示"最早的"，故填形容词最高级earliest．
9．dating，考查现在分词，date和它所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语．
10．sites，考查名词的数，前面有one of，所以用复数名词，故填sites．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
6．On our way to the house，it was raining （1） so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take（2） to get （get）there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack （3） of dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters （4） who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （5） recommended （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya （木瓜） and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting （6） competition （compete） to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many（7） traditional （tradition） stories about Hawaii that were （8） hugely （huge） popular with tourists.On the last day of our week﹣long stay，we （9） were invited （invite） to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （10） listening （listen） to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述了作者在美国夏威夷寄宿家庭的经历。
【解答】（1）so.考查固定句式。句意：在我们回家的路上，雨下得如此很大，以至于我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。句中含有固定句式"so...that..."，表示"如此...以至于"，符合句意，故填so。
（2）to get.考查不定式。句意：在我们回家的路上，雨下得如此很大，以至于我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。此处考查" it takes/took sb some time to do sth. "这一句型结构，表示"花某人多长时间做某事"。故填to get。
（3）of.考查介词。句意：第一次迎接我们的是一群狗吠叫。a pack of是固定用法，意为"一群...…"。故填of。
（4）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：它们的主人对它们进行了良好的训练，主人在照料这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。分析句子结构可知，句中含有定语从句，先行词是their owners，指"人"，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
（5）recommended.考查动词的时态。句意：我们的主人分享了他们的许多经验，并建议我们去一些好吃的、购物的、参观的地方。根据句中的"shared"可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填recommended。
（6）competition.考查可数名词单数。句意：当他们有空的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一个有趣的比赛以及比赛背后的故事。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示"一个有趣的比赛"。故填competition。
（7）traditional.考查形容词。句意：他们还和我们分享了许多夏威夷的传统故事。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词stories，应用形容词作定语，故填traditional。
（8）hugely.考查副词。句意：这些故事非常受游客欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词popular，应用副词作状语，故填hugely。
（9）were invited.考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我们应邀参加了在北岸星光下的一个美丽农场举行的私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并会见有趣的当地人。文章讲述发生在过去的事情，此处应用一般过去时，且we和invite之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数。故填were invited。
（10）listening.考查现在分词。句意：我们应邀参加了在北岸星光下的一个美丽农场举行的私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并会见有趣的当地人。分析句子结构可知，空格处是非谓语，listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填listening。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
7．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years（1） longer （long） than non﹣runners.You don't have to run fast or for long（2） to see （see）the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of（3） dying （die） early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it（4） is （be） more effective at lengthening life（5） than walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） that /which showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） causes （cause）.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it's probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to（8） strengthen （strength）your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always（9） energetic （energy）.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give（10） it /running a try.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）longer（2）to see（3）dying（4）is（5）than（6）that/which（7）causes（8）strengthen（9）energetic（10）it /running
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处。
【解答】（1）longer.考查副词的比较级。句意：医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据后文"than non﹣runners"可知用比较级longer。故填longer。
（2）to see.考查动词不定式。句意：你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。分析句子结构可知see在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to see。
（3）dying.考查动名词。句意：你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。of为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填dying。
（4）is.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管有规律地跑步不能让你长生不老，但该研究指出，在延长寿命方面，跑步比步行、骑自行车或游泳更有效。此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语为it，谓语动词用单数。故填is。
（5）than.考查比较句型。句意：尽管有规律地跑步不能让你长生不老，但该研究指出，在延长寿命方面，跑步比步行、骑自行车或游泳更有效。结合上文"more effective"可知此处为比较级，表示"比……更……"应用than。故填than。
（6）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：该综述的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天仅5至10分钟的跑步可以降低心脏病和各种原因导致的早死的风险。此处为定语从句修饰先行词study，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
（7）causes.考查可数名词的复数。句意：该综述的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天仅5至10分钟的跑步可以降低心脏病和各种原因导致的早死的风险。此处作from的宾语应用名词cause，且cause为可数名词，由all修饰应用复数形式。故填causes。
（8）strengthen.考查动词。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步，做强化腿部肌肉的锻炼，避免下坡，买一双好的跑鞋。结合句意表示"强化"可知应用动词strengthen，且此处为不定式作定语，上文to为不定式符号，应填动词原形。故填strengthen。
（9）energetic.考查形容词。句意：跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是让人充满活力。根据上文"it's"可知应填形容词energetic，作表语。故填energetic。
（10）it /running.考查代词/动名词。句意：如果你时间不够，你只需要花一半的时间跑步就能获得和其他运动一样的好处，所以也许我们都应该试一试。"试一下"可译为give it a try，it代指running这一项运动，因此也可以填running。故填it/running。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
8．Friends play a very important part in everyone's life．Friendship（1） usually （usual） develops during childhood．New friends are made when you progress through school．The friends（2） who/whom you make as a student last long．A familiar opinion is "You can tell a lot about a person by（3） knowing （know） who his friends are"．Friendship（4） is based （base）on common interests．If you like sports，most of your friends（5） are （be）likely to be active．If you enjoy reading and shopping，most of your friends will do（6） the same．
Some people call you their friends for the wrong reasons．These people are not real friends．True friends are there whether you are rich or poor．（7） It is easy to have many so﹣called "friends" if you are rich．So you should be able to recognize your friends as the real or the "phoney" ones．True friends are most special．Sometimes they might not be easy（8） to find （find），so you can consider yourself very（9） fortunate （fortune） if you have one true friend．This friend is eager to help you whenever necessary．A true friend is someone you can talk to about any subject or problem．True friends support you，give you a great deal of（10） encouragement （encourage），take your side，and build up your confidence．
【考点】日常生活；社会；说明文．
【答案】（1）usually（2）who（3）knowing（4）is based（5）are
（6）the（7）It（8）to find（9）fortunate（10）encouragement
【分析】朋友在每个人的生活中都扮演着非常重要的角色。友谊通常是在童年时期发展起来的。你在学生时代所交的朋友会持续很长时间。本文讨论了朋友的特点以及什么才是真正的朋友。
【解答】（1）usually.考查副词。句意：友谊通常是在童年时期发展起来的。修饰动词develop，用副词，故填usually.
（2）who/whom.考查定语从句。句意：你在学生时代所交的朋友会持续很长时间。代指The friends，作定语从句you make 的宾语，关系词用who/whom，故填who/whom.
（3）knowing.考查动名词。句意：一个熟悉的观点是：通过认识他的朋友，你可以了解一个人的很多情况。作介词by的宾语，用动名词，故填knowing.
（4）is based.考查固定短语。句意：友谊是建立在共同兴趣的基础上的。表示"以…为基础"，用固定短语be based on，故填based.
（5）are.考查主谓一致。句意：如果你喜欢运动，你的大多数朋友都很活跃。根据上下文可知本句用一般现在时态，和主语most of your friends一致，系动词用are，故填are.
（6）the.考查冠词。句意：如果你喜欢阅读和购物，你的大多数朋友也会这样做。修饰same用定冠词the，故填the.
（7）It.考查形式主语。句意：如果你富有，很容易有很多所谓的"朋友"。作is easy的形式主语，代指动词不定式 to have many so﹣called "friends"，用it，故填It.
（8）to find.考查动词不定式。句意：真正的朋友是最特别的，有时他们可能不容易找到，所以如果你有一个真正的朋友，你可以认为自己很幸运。作形容词be easy的补语，用动词不定式，故填to find.
（9）fortunate.考查派生词。句意：真正的朋友是最特别的，有时他们可能不容易找到，所以如果你有一个真正的朋友，你可以认为自己很幸运。作you can consider yourself的补语，表示"幸运的"，用形容词fortunate，故填fortunate.
（10）encouragement.考查派生词。句意：真正的朋友支持你，给你很多鼓励，站在你这边，建立你的信心。根据修饰词a great deal of可知用不可数名词encouragement表示"鼓励"，故填encouragement.
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
9．Running a few kilometers each day is good（1） for our health.However，new research says running too much could be bad for us.Running long distances（2） regularly （regular）for many years could make our life （3） shorter （short），not longer.A researcher said too much running can created plaque（斑）inside your heart，（4） which can lead to heart disease.He wrote that running too much for many years takes away the good things from exercise.He（5） added （add）that the risk of heart disease could be （6） the same as someone who never exercised.
Researchers said men who ran marathons for 25 years had 62% more plaque in their heart than men who did little（7） or no exercise.Another doctor said he felt cheated.He started running marathons in 1967.He used（8） to run （run）60 kilometers every week.He said，"I thought I was out there exhausting（9） myself （me），building an absolutely strong heart." The doctor advised （10） exercising （exercise）frequently but not overdoing things.
【考点】自然科学研究成果；体育．
【答案】（1）for（2）regularly（3）shorter（4）which（5）added（6）the（7）or（8）to run（9）myself（10）exercising
【分析】这篇文章主要讲了研究表明适量运动对身体有益，过量运动对身体有害。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。句意：每天跑几公里对我们的健康有好处。be good for对……有好处，故填for。
（2）regularly.考查副词。句意：连续多年坚持长跑会使我们的寿命变短，而不是变长。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填regularly。
（3）shorter.考查比较级。句意：连续多年坚持长跑会使我们的寿命变短，而不是变长。由后面的not longer得知用比较级，故填shorter。
（4）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一位研究人员说，过多的跑步会在心脏内形成斑块，从而导致心脏病。先行词 plague，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
（5）added.考查时态。句意：他补充说，患心脏病的风险可能与从不锻炼的人相同。没什么，所以用一般过去时态，故填added。
（6）the.考查冠词。句意：他补充说，患心脏病的风险可能与从不锻炼的人相同。形容词same前面加the，故填the。
（7）or.考查连词。句意：研究人员称，连续25年跑马拉松的男性心脏中的斑块比很少或不运动的男性多62%。表示很少运动或是不运动的人，前后是选择关系，故填or。
（8）to run.考查不定式。句意：他过去每周跑60公里。used to do，过去常常做某事，故填to run。
（9）myself.考查反身代词。句意：我以为我是在竭尽全力，打造一颗绝对强大的心脏。指主语I本身，故填myself。
（10）exercising.考查动名词。句意：医生建议经常运动，但不要过度。advise doing建议做某事，故填exercising。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
10．On the first day at my senior high，I woke up early and rushed out of the door（1） eagerly （eager） in order to get to know my new school．I was excited to have an（2） exploration （explore） of it!During my English class，Mr．Meng，our English teacher asked us to introduce（3） ourselves （we） to the class one by one，and he went first．But I was too nervous to pay attention，（4） wondering （wonder） how I could make a good first impression．I（5） was organizing （organize） my words when my turn came．Hearing my self﹣introduction，every one in my class burst out laughing，（6） which put me in panic．However，my teacher said， "Nice to know we share the same name．" Although I was embarrassed，his words made me （7） relaxed （relax）．
Then，Mr．Meng explained，"Challenges like this might sometimes put you（8） under pressure．But it all（9） depends （depend） on what you do．" Finally，he encouraged us to keep calm and be prepared so as to make（10） the most of the time at senior high．
【考点】记叙文．
【答案】（1）eagerly （2）exploration （3）ourselves （4）wondering （5）was organizing
（6）which （7）relaxed （8）under（9）depends（10）the
【分析】本文是一 篇记叙文，作者描述了上高中第一天的经历，他由兴奋、紧张变得轻松自在。
【解答】（1）eagerly.考查副词。句意：在我高中的第一天，为了了解我的新学校，我醒得很早，急切地冲出门外。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰前面的动词，所以用副词形式。故填eagerly。
（2）exploration.考查名词。句意：我很兴奋能有一个探索！。根据空前的an可知，空处应填名词exploration。故填exploration。
（3）ourselves.考查反身代词。句意：在我们的英语课堂上，英语孟老师让我们站起来依次介绍自己，他第一个介绍自己。空处作introduce的宾语，联系语境并根据提示词we可知，此处要用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。
（4）wondering.考查现在分词。句意：但我太紧张了，没法集中注意力，想知道怎样才能给人留下好的第一印象。分析句子结构可知，空格处应作伴随状语，wonder 与主语I之间是逻辑.上的主谓关系，故用动词﹣ing形式。故填wondering。
（5）was organizing.考查时态。句意：我正在组织我要说的话，轮到我来介绍自己了。be doing…when…是固定句式，意思是"某事正在发生时另一件事发生了"，根据语境可知，应填过去进行时。故填was organizing。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：听到我的自我介绍，班上的每个人都放声大笑起来，这让我很恐慌。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
（7）relaxed.考查形容词。句意：虽然我很尴尬，但他的话让我放松了。根据语境可知，空处应用relaxed表示"感到放松的"。此处是" make +宾语+宾补"结构，其中形容词作宾语补足语。故填relaxed。
（8）under.考查介词。句意：像这样的挑战有时会给你带来压力。put sb.under pressure 是动词短语，意为"使某人承受压力"。故填under。
（9）depends.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但这取决于你做什么。根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，表示客观情况；因主语是it，所以谓语动词三单形式。故填depends。
（10）the.考查冠词。句意：最后，他鼓励我们保持冷静，准备好充分利用高中的时间。make the most of" 充分利用" ，是固定短语。故填the。
【点评】高考语法填空是一道综合性比较强，考查点比较多的一个题型．考查形式分为有提示词以及无提示词，考生要理解语篇，须灵活运用各种语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容．最后再通读全文．
11．Mr White works in an office.He liked reading in bed when he was at school.It was bad （1） for his eyes and now he is near﹣sighted.But he wouldn't want anybody else （2） to know （know） about it and he never wears a pair of （3） glasses （glass）.
One winter morning he （4） was sent （send） to a village school on business.He got off a bus at a stop in . （5） a small town.Then he had to walk there.The road to the village wasn't smooth.There were stones here and there，He fell over several times and it made his clothes very dirty.At last he got to the village. （6） Suddenly （sudden） it began to blow strongly and it got much （7） colder （cold）.His hat was blown off while he was looking for the school.He had to run after （8） it but he couldn't catch it.He was （9） wondering （wonder） why his hat ran into a house as if it had legs.And then he ran into the house，too.
A big woman appeared and stopped him by （10） shouting （shout） angrily， "What are you running after my hen for？"
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）for（2）to know（3）glasses（4）was sent（5）a（6）Suddenly（7）colder（8）it（9）wondering（10）shouting
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了怀特先生是近视眼却不想让别人知道，所以他不戴眼镜，结果闹出了笑话，把母鸡当成了自己的帽子。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。句意：这对他的眼睛不好，现在他近视了。根据句意可知，在床上看书对他的眼睛不好，be bad for"对……有害"。故填for。
（2）to know.考查动词不定式。句意：但他不想让别人知道，而且他从来不戴眼镜。want sb.to do sth."想要某人做某事"，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to know。
（3）glasses.考查名词复数。句意：但他不想让别人知道，而且他从来不戴眼镜。a pair of glasses"一副眼镜"，故填glasses。
（4）was sent.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：一个冬天的早晨，他因公被派到一所乡村学校。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语"One winter morning"可知，时态为一般过去时态，主语he和谓语动词为动宾关系，所以要用一般过去时态的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数，故填was sent。
（5）a.考查不定冠词。句意：他在一个小镇的一个车站下了公共汽车。根据句意可知，他在一个车站下了车，泛指一个车站，所以用不定冠词，small为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
（6）Suddenly.考查副词。句意：突然，风开始刮得很大，天气变得更冷了。分析句子结构可知，空处用来修饰后面的句子，所以要用副词。故填Suddenly。
（7）colder.考查形容词的比较级。句意：突然，风开始刮得很大，天气变得更冷了。根据句意以及空前的much可知，要用形容词的比较级，表示天气变得更冷了。故填colder。
（8）it.考查代词。句意：他不得不追着它跑，但没能抓住它。空处指代前文中被风吹走的帽子，所以用代词it，指代前文中出现的事物，为单数。故填it。
（9）wondering.考查现在分词。句意：他想知道为什么他的帽子像有腿一样跑进了房子。根据句意以及空前的was可知，句子用过去进行时态，表示他那时正在想。故填wondering.
（10）shouting.考查动名词。句意：一个大个子女人出现了，愤怒地喊道："你追我的母鸡干什么？"空前为介词by，所以要用动名词作宾语。故填shouting。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
12．The first foreign language I studied was French，and I learnt it at a secondary school between the ages of 11 and 18．It was a compulsory subject for the first three years and I（1） chose （choose） to continue studying it afterwards because I enjoyed it，found it （2） interesting （interest） and was quite good at it．Outside class I practiced （3） listening （listen） to the French language radio and reading French books．
Before going to university，I spent three months working on （4） a farm in southern France．This helped me become pretty fluent（5） in French and acquire a rich farming﹣related vocabulary．
My French has also been（6） helpful （help） on holiday on Morocco and Portugal．French（7） is used （use） as a second language in Morocco and in other countries quite a few people speak French in places （8） which/that a lot of tourists visit．
In September 2009 I joined a couple of French conversation（9） groups （group） in Bangor and I have been going to them ever since．It has resulted in my （10） improvement （improve） in my spoken French．
Now I can still speak French fluently and can also read it well，but my written French is not so good．
【考点】学习．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】文章讲述了作者学习法语的经历．
【解答】1．chose．考查动词，and的并列句，缺少谓语动词，结合上文的was可知使用过去时，故填chose．
2．interesting．考查形容词，find的复合结构，it作宾语，interesting作宾补，因为是修饰物，所以使用interesting．
3．listening．考查非谓语，practice doing sth：练习做某事，故填listening．
4．a．考查冠词，a表示泛指，一个农场，故填a．
5．in．考查介词，be fluent in：在某方面流利，故填in．
6．helpful．考查形容词，根据been可知填写形容词作表语，故填helpful．
7．is used．考查被动，主语是French，法语被用作第二语言，一般事实使用一般现在时，故填is used．
8．which/that．考查连词，先行词是places，在定语从句中做宾语，故填关系代词which或者that．
9．groups．考查名词，根据a couple of，可知填写名词复数，故填groups．
0．improvement．考查名词，做宾语使用名词，improvement：进展，提高，不可数，故填improvement．
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解大意，抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，仔细分析带空格的句子，明确空格所要填的词义，词型和短语搭配，给出所要填的正确形式，然后整体阅读短文，核对答案．
13．Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack resolved to join an expedition （1） advertised （advertise） in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down，thinking Jack was not（2） qualified （qualify）.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and （3） was assigned （assign） to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good﹣tempered and loyal and he wasn't selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those who were on the ship all liked him. （4） Unfortunately （fortunate），one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also sank.At that time，the calm captain made a（5） commitment （commit） to save them and commanded them to throw away （6） their （they） belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were fortunate enough（7） to escape （escape） the ship.It was their endurance，resolution （8） that perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，（9） which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been（10） an unforgettable episode in Jack's life.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）advertised（2）qualified（3）was assigned（4）Unfortunately（5）commitment（6）their（7）to escape（8）that（9）which（10）an
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者的侄儿杰克的经历。
【解答】（1）advertised.考查过去分词。句意：18岁时，杰克决定参加报纸上刊登的探险队，但领队认为杰克不合格，拒绝了他。句子的谓语是resolved，设空处为非谓语动词，动词advertise与逻辑主语an expedition之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。advertise的过去分词为advertised。故填advertised。
（2）qualified.考查形容词。句意：18岁时，杰克决定参加报纸上刊登的探险队，但领队认为杰克不合格，拒绝了他。qualify意为"使……具有资格"，设空处在系动词之后，应用形容词，qualify的形容词为qualified，意为"有资格的，胜任的"，作表语。故填qualified。
（3）was assigned.考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：19岁时，他加入了海军，被派去当一名工资很低的乘务员。设空处前为并列连词，连接两个谓语动词，动词assign与逻辑主语he为动宾关系，应用被动语态，前面谓语动词为一般过去时态，故设空处用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为he，系动词为was。故填was assigned。
（4）Unfortunately.考查副词。句意：不幸的是，一天，发动机坏了，船撞在了一座巨大的冰山上。根据句意，此事是不幸的事，fortunate意为"幸运的"，应用其反义词的副词unfortunately，作状语，设空处在句首，首字母要大写。故填Unfortunately。
（5）commitment.考查可数名词的单数。句意：当时，冷静的船长做出了拯救他们的承诺，并命令他们扔掉他们的东西，如火炉、毯子、球拍、橱柜和其他家具。设空处前为不定冠词，设空处应填名词，commit的名词为commitment，意为"承诺，保证"，作made的宾语，空前有a，故用名词的单数形式，故填commitment。
（6）their.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当时，冷静的船长做出了拯救他们的承诺，并命令他们扔掉他们的东西，如火炉、毯子、球拍、橱柜和其他家具。设空处后为名词belongings，应填形容词性的物主代词，they的物主代词为their，作前置定语。故填their。
（7）to escape.考查动词不定式。句意：最后，他们很幸运地逃离了这艘船。短语"be+形容词+enough+to do sth"，意为"足够……去做……"，此处的动词不定式做结果状语，故填to escape。
（8）that.考查强调句。句意：是他们的忍耐力、决心和毅力帮助他们生存下来。此处考查强调句的结构：It was+被强调部分+that+...，设空处应填that，作连接词。故填that。
（9）which.考查定语从句。句意：在遥远的岛屿上，杰克设法用动物脂肪生火，散发出一股难闻的气味，然后他煮海洋动物。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为make fire with animal fat，动物脂肪生火会释放出很难闻的味道，先行词作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
（10）an.考查冠词。句意：总之，这是杰克一生中难忘的一段插曲。设空处后为名词短语unforgettable episode，应用不定冠词an，表泛指。故填an。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
14．
Bags of Love
Last year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month.During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly ﹣ we were always suddenly out of something.Wondering how my mum（1） could consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine.Eventually，I decided to follow her and（2） what happened truly amazed me.She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in（3） which she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.Then it hit me﹣why would she not want to tell me about what she（4） had done （do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop（5） buying （buy） the groceries if I found out？
When she got home，I told her about my discovery.（6） Before she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret from me.She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by（7） how selfless she was.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）could（2）what（3）which（4）had done（5）buying（6）Before（7）how
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在与母亲住在一起的一段时间里，发现了一个秘密：母亲总是拿家里的零食给附近的孩子们，并帮助有困难的人，这深深地感动了作者。
【解答】（1）could.考查情态动词。句意：我想知道我妈妈怎么能这么快就吃完它们，于是我开始观察她的日常生活。此处意为"妈妈怎么能这么快吃完"，故此处表示能力can，且陈述过去，应用一般过去时，故填could。
（2）what.考查主语从句。句意：最终，我决定跟踪她，而发生的事情真正让我吃惊。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语， "什么"，故填what。
（3）which.考查定语从句。句意：她把食物送到难民营，分发给那里的孩子们。此处为定语从句，先行词为the refugee camp，指物，从句中缺少介词in的宾语，故用which引导，故填which。
（4）had done.考查时态。句意：她为什么不想告诉我她所做的事呢？此处描述在发现母亲秘密之前的动作，表示"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时，故填had done。
（5）buying.考查动名词。句意：她是担心我的反应，还是担心如果我知道了，我会不再买杂货？此处意为"停止做某事"，表达为stop doing sth.符合句意，故填buying。
（6）Before.考查时间状语从句。句意：不等她反应过来，我给了她一个大大的拥抱，告诉她不用瞒着我。此处表示"在母亲反应过来之前"，所以本句为before引导的时间状语从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Before。
（7）how.考查宾语从句。句意：她的多么的无私给我留下了深刻印象。此处引导宾语从句，用how修饰形容词selfless，表示程度，故填how。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
15．From time to time，people find themselves （1） in situations where they have to make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.The story "After Twenty Years" is set in New York on （2） a cold，dark night.It is about two friends named Bob and Jimmy.Twenty years ago，Bob （3） denied （dine） at a restaurant with his friend Jimmy.He decided to leave for the West （4） to make （make） his fortune，but Jimmy would rather stay in New York.They made a promise that they would meet at the place （5） where they had dined.
Bob kept the （6） appointment （appoint） and came back，believing that Jimmy would come if he was alive，because he was a （7） truly （true） reliable person.He struck a match to light his cigar， （8） waiting （wait） for his friend.Jimmy arrived at the appointed place but found Bob was just the man（9） wanted （want） in Chicago.
However，Jimmy couldn't catch his best friend （10） himself （he），so he asked a plain clothes policeman to do it.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）in（2）a（3）dined（4）to make（5）where（6）appointment（7）truest（8）waiting（9）wanted（10）himself
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两位朋友约定20年后再次到他们吃饭的地方见面，吉米到达了约定的地点后，却发现鲍勃正是芝加哥所通缉的人，于是他让一个便衣警察去抓他。
【解答】（1）in.考查介词。句意：有时，人们会发现自己处于一种处境，他们不得不就自己的道德价值做出艰难的选择。这里表达"处于某种处境"，名词situation前用介词in。故填in。
（2）a.考查冠词。句意：《二十年之后》的故事发生在纽约一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚。此处night"夜晚"是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，且形容词cold是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
（3）dined.考查时态。句意：二十年前，鲍勃和他的朋友吉米在一家餐馆吃饭。空处作谓语，根据句中时间状语Twenty years ago可知，用一般过去时。故填dined。
（4）to make.考查动词不定式。句意：他决定到西部去发财，但吉米宁愿留在纽约。分析句意可知，这里是表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
（5）where.考查定语从句。句意：他们约定在吃饭的地方见面。空处需要一个连接词引导定语从句，先行词为the place，在定语从句中充当地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
（6）appointment.考查可数名词单数。句意：鲍勃回来了并且去赴约，他相信只要吉米还活着，他一定会来的，因为他是世界上最真实、最可靠的人。空处作keep的宾语，应用名词appointment，意为"约会；约定"，是可数名词，空前有定冠词the修饰，根据语境可知，此处特指二人所定下的"这个约定"，应用单数形式。故填appointment。
（7）truest.考查形容词最高级。句意：鲍勃回来了并且去赴约，他相信只要吉米还活着，他一定会来的，因为他是世界上最真实、最可靠的人。根据连词and后形容词最高级mostreliable可知，这里也用形容词最高级形式。故填truest。
（8）waiting.考查现在分词。句意：他划了根火柴点燃雪茄，等待他的朋友。句中已有谓语动词struck，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语He与动词wait是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填waiting。
（9）wanted.考查过去分词。句意：吉米到达了约定的地点，却发现鲍勃正是芝加哥所通缉的人。句中已有谓语动词was，此处应用非谓语动词形式。名词the man与动词want是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填wanted。
（10）himself.考查代词。句意：然而，吉米自己不能抓住他最好的朋友，所以他让一个
期末专项培优 语法填空
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．Eating habits are different in different countries.The Chinese have a （1） （say） –Eat good things for breakfast， "eat a big meal for lunch，but eat （2） （little） at dinner.Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast，（3） their ideas about lunch and dinner are （4） （difference）.
Most Americans only give （5） （they） a short time for lunch.So they eat a small lunch.After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner.Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family（6） （talk） about their day is a way to take（7） good rest after a long hard day of work.
Eating at restaurants（8） （be） also different.In China，people like to talk and laugh while eating.Very often you can hear people talking and laughing（9） （loud），and they are just having a good time.In America it is not like this.They want a quiet place （10） they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world.
2．Getting healthy is so simple．To become healthy only（1） （require） you to make little changes in your life．For example，walk for thirty minutes every day．This can（2） （achieve） by taking the stairs at work，going shopping on foot，and walking to lunch．Walking will make you feel better，clear your mind，and get you the needed exercise for the day．
It's also a good idea（3） （change） your attitude to food．Don't eat when you feel unhappy or stressed．This is because（4） （eat） when you're upset only leads to increased（5） （problem） of weight gain and bad health．Actually，at this time，you are supposed to go for（6） walk or jog，and in this way，you'll feel better．What's more，eat the main meals when you're（7） （hunger）．Try to stay away（8） junk food，especially sugary foods．Instead，eat more fresh fruits or vegetables and other foods（9） produce healthy energy and good calories．
In a word，walking and eating（10） （proper）are two simple steps to be healthier．You'd better have a try．
3．She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh﹣faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A﹣level course.But unlike her school friends，16﹣year﹣old Sarah is not spending half﹣term（1） （rest） .Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as （2） model in New York.
Sarah （3） （tell）that she could be Britain's new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter，44，wants her to give up school to model full﹣time.But Sarah，（4） has taken part in shows along with top models，wants （5） （prove） that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her （6） （educate）.
She has turned down several（7） （invitation） to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full﹣time before going to university to get a degree（8） engineering or architecture.
Sarah says， "My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at that moment，school（9） （come） first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is （10） （certain） fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model anymore."
4．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Good afternoon，students.We have finally made some （1） （change） to the school clothing rules.The main differences are about hair and shoes.First，I'll talk about the problem with shoes.Recently，I （2） （notice） that some of you have been wearing very expensive designer shoes to class.This has some bad influence （3） our students.We want the school to be an exciting （4） serious place to learn.So，we are keeping out all shoes（5） cost more than ＄100.The second issue is hairstyles.While we understand that you want to express （6） （you），we have to say no to （7） （color） hair.A little red or blue or even （8） （make） your hair blond is OK.But bright pink hair or crazy hair that has five different colors？That' s too much for the classroom.You can wait to experiment with your hair during summer vacation.During the school year，we want you （9） （keep） your minds on your work so you can do well on your tests.The exams will be （10） （hard） this year，so we have a lot more work to do!
5．The use of chopsticks has been （1） big part of Chinese food culture for centuries．When cooking food or picking it up，a pair of chopsticks always comes for use．
So how did chopsticks come into being？It's said that Dayu，a legendary ruler of ancient China （2） helped his people fight floods，invented them．In those days，people （3） （eat） only with their hands．But Dayu was busy preparing for flood control work and often had his meals in the wild．Mostly，he hurried to deal （4） unexpected accidents and didn't want to wait to eat．The meat （5） （cook） in the pot was too hot to pick up with his hands．So one day Dayu picked up some twigs（细枝）（6） （help） him hold the meat．Later，the twigs （7） （gradual） became the chopsticks we know today．
But of course，this is just a story．The （8） （early） chopsticks archaeologists（考古学家） have found so far are more than 3，000 years old，（9） （date） back to the Shang Dynasty．The six bronze chopsticks were found in Yinxu，one of China's oldest archaeological （10） （site），in Anyang，Henan province．
6．On our way to the house，it was raining （1） hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take（2） （get）there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack （3） dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters （4） had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （5） （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya （木瓜） and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting （6） （compete） to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many（7） （tradition） stories about Hawaii that were （8） （huge） popular with tourists.On the last day of our week﹣long stay，we （9） （invite） to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （10） （listen） to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
7．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years（1） （long） than non﹣runners.You don't have to run fast or for long（2） （see）the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of（3） （die） early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it（4） （be） more effective at lengthening life（5） walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） （cause）.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it's probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to（8） （strength）your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always（9） （energy）.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give（10） a try.
8．Friends play a very important part in everyone's life．Friendship（1） （usual） develops during childhood．New friends are made when you progress through school．The friends（2） you make as a student last long．A familiar opinion is "You can tell a lot about a person by（3） （know） who his friends are"．Friendship（4） （base）on common interests．If you like sports，most of your friends（5） （be）likely to be active．If you enjoy reading and shopping，most of your friends will do（6） same．
Some people call you their friends for the wrong reasons．These people are not real friends．True friends are there whether you are rich or poor．（7） is easy to have many so﹣called "friends" if you are rich．So you should be able to recognize your friends as the real or the "phoney" ones．True friends are most special．Sometimes they might not be easy（8） （find），so you can consider yourself very（9） （fortune） if you have one true friend．This friend is eager to help you whenever necessary．A true friend is someone you can talk to about any subject or problem．True friends support you，give you a great deal of（10） （encourage），take your side，and build up your confidence．
9．Running a few kilometers each day is good（1） our health.However，new research says running too much could be bad for us.Running long distances（2） （regular）for many years could make our life （3） （short），not longer.A researcher said too much running can created plaque（斑）inside your heart，（4） can lead to heart disease.He wrote that running too much for many years takes away the good things from exercise.He（5） （add）that the risk of heart disease could be （6） same as someone who never exercised.
Researchers said men who ran marathons for 25 years had 62% more plaque in their heart than men who did little（7） no exercise.Another doctor said he felt cheated.He started running marathons in 1967.He used（8） （run）60 kilometers every week.He said，"I thought I was out there exhausting（9） （me），building an absolutely strong heart." The doctor advised （10） （exercise）frequently but not overdoing things.
10．On the first day at my senior high，I woke up early and rushed out of the door（1） （eager） in order to get to know my new school．I was excited to have an（2） （explore） of it!During my English class，Mr．Meng，our English teacher asked us to introduce（3） （we） to the class one by one，and he went first．But I was too nervous to pay attention，（4） （wonder） how I could make a good first impression．I（5） （organize） my words when my turn came．Hearing my self﹣introduction，every one in my class burst out laughing，（6） put me in panic．However，my teacher said， "Nice to know we share the same name．" Although I was embarrassed，his words made me （7） （relax）．
Then，Mr．Meng explained，"Challenges like this might sometimes put you（8） pressure．But it all（9） （depend） on what you do．" Finally，he encouraged us to keep calm and be prepared so as to make（10） most of the time at senior high．
11．Mr White works in an office.He liked reading in bed when he was at school.It was bad （1） his eyes and now he is near﹣sighted.But he wouldn't want anybody else （2） （know） about it and he never wears a pair of （3） （glass）.
One winter morning he （4） （send） to a village school on business.He got off a bus at a stop in . （5） small town.Then he had to walk there.The road to the village wasn't smooth.There were stones here and there，He fell over several times and it made his clothes very dirty.At last he got to the village. （6） （sudden） it began to blow strongly and it got much （7） （cold）.His hat was blown off while he was looking for the school.He had to run after （8） but he couldn't catch it.He was （9） （wonder） why his hat ran into a house as if it had legs.And then he ran into the house，too.
A big woman appeared and stopped him by （10） （shout） angrily， "What are you running after my hen for？"
12．The first foreign language I studied was French，and I learnt it at a secondary school between the ages of 11 and 18．It was a compulsory subject for the first three years and I（1） （choose） to continue studying it afterwards because I enjoyed it，found it （2） （interest） and was quite good at it．Outside class I practiced （3） （listen） to the French language radio and reading French books．
Before going to university，I spent three months working on （4） farm in southern France．This helped me become pretty fluent（5） French and acquire a rich farming﹣related vocabulary．
My French has also been（6） （help） on holiday on Morocco and Portugal．French（7） （use） as a second language in Morocco and in other countries quite a few people speak French in places （8） a lot of tourists visit．
In September 2009 I joined a couple of French conversation（9） （group） in Bangor and I have been going to them ever since．It has resulted in my （10） （improve） in my spoken French．
Now I can still speak French fluently and can also read it well，but my written French is not so good．
13．Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack resolved to join an expedition （1） （advertise） in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down，thinking Jack was not（2） （qualify）.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and （3） （assign） to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good﹣tempered and loyal and he wasn't selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those who were on the ship all liked him. （4） （fortunate），one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also sank.At that time，the calm captain made a（5） （commit） to save them and commanded them to throw away （6） （they） belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were fortunate enough（7） （escape） the ship.It was their endurance，resolution （8） perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，（9） gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been（10） unforgettable episode in Jack's life.
14．
Bags of Love
Last year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month.During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly ﹣ we were always suddenly out of something.Wondering how my mum（1） consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine.Eventually，I decided to follow her and（2） happened truly amazed me.She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in（3） she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.Then it hit me﹣why would she not want to tell me about what she（4） （do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop（5） （buy） the groceries if I found out？
When she got home，I told her about my discovery.（6） she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret from me.She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by（7） selfless she was.
15．From time to time，people find themselves （1） situations where they have to make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.The story "After Twenty Years" is set in New York on （2） cold，dark night.It is about two friends named Bob and Jimmy.Twenty years ago，Bob （3） （dine） at a restaurant with his friend Jimmy.He decided to leave for the West （4） （make） his fortune，but Jimmy would rather stay in New York.They made a promise that they would meet at the place （5） they had dined.
Bob kept the （6） （appoint） and came back，believing that Jimmy would come if he was alive，because he was a （7） （true） reliable person.He struck a match to light his cigar， （8） （wait） for his friend.Jimmy arrived at the appointed place but found Bob was just the man（9） （want） in Chicago.
However，Jimmy couldn't catch his best friend （10） （he），so he asked a plain clothes policeman to do it.
期末专项培优 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．Eating habits are different in different countries.The Chinese have a （1） saying （say） –Eat good things for breakfast， "eat a big meal for lunch，but eat （2） less （little） at dinner.Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast，（3） but their ideas about lunch and dinner are （4） different （difference）.
Most Americans only give （5） themselves （they） a short time for lunch.So they eat a small lunch.After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner.Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family（6） talking （talk） about their day is a way to take（7） a good rest after a long hard day of work.
Eating at restaurants（8） is （be） also different.In China，people like to talk and laugh while eating.Very often you can hear people talking and laughing（9） loudly （loud），and they are just having a good time.In America it is not like this.They want a quiet place （10） where they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world.
【考点】品行与态度．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了美国人对吃饭的态度。
【解答】（1）saying.考查可数名词的单数。句意：中国有句俗话。结合句意和a可知，此处用名词的单数形式，故填saying。
（2）less.考查比较级。句意：早饭吃好，午饭吃好，晚饭吃少。结合句意可知，此处用比较级表示"更少"，故填less。
（3）but.考查连词。句意：许多美国人同意一天应该以一顿丰盛的早餐开始，但他们对午餐和晚餐的看法不同。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，故填but。
（4）different.考查形容词。句意：许多美国人同意一天应该以一顿丰盛的早餐开始，但他们对午餐和晚餐的看法不同。此处用形容词作are的表语，故填different。
（5）themselves.考查反身代词。句意：大多数美国人只有很短的时间吃午饭。结合句意可知，此处表示"给自己"，故用反身代词，故填themselves。
（6）talking.考查现在分词。句意：此外，在家里与所有家人安静地共进晚餐，谈论他们的一天，也是在漫长而艰苦的一天工作之后好好休息的一种方式。此处为with的复合结构，宾语all the family与talk之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，故填talking。
（7）a.考查冠词。句意：此外，在家里与所有家人安静地共进晚餐，谈论他们的一天，也是在漫长而艰苦的一天工作之后好好休息的一种方式。take a rest表示"休息"符合句意，故填a。
（8）is.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：在餐馆吃饭也不一样。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为Eating at restaurants，谓语动词给i用三单形式，故填is。
（9）loudly.考查副词。句意：很多时候，你可以听到人们大声说话和大笑，他们只是玩得很开心。此处用副词作状语修饰动词talking and laughing，故填loudly。
（10）where.考查定语从句。句意：他们想要一个安静的地方，在那里他们可以吃到一顿丰盛的饭，远离外界的噪音。此处引导定语从句，先行词为place，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
2．Getting healthy is so simple．To become healthy only（1） requires （require） you to make little changes in your life．For example，walk for thirty minutes every day．This can（2） be achieved （achieve） by taking the stairs at work，going shopping on foot，and walking to lunch．Walking will make you feel better，clear your mind，and get you the needed exercise for the day．
It's also a good idea（3） to change （change） your attitude to food．Don't eat when you feel unhappy or stressed．This is because（4） eating （eat） when you're upset only leads to increased（5） problems （problem） of weight gain and bad health．Actually，at this time，you are supposed to go for（6） a walk or jog，and in this way，you'll feel better．What's more，eat the main meals when you're（7） hungry （hunger）．Try to stay away（8） from junk food，especially sugary foods．Instead，eat more fresh fruits or vegetables and other foods（9） that/which produce healthy energy and good calories．
In a word，walking and eating（10） properly （proper）are two simple steps to be healthier．You'd better have a try．
【考点】健康；日常生活．
【答案】（1）requires. （2）be achieved （3）to change（4）eating（5）problems（6）a（7）hungry（8）from（9）that/which （10）properly
【分析】这是一说明文。文章说明了一些只需要在生活中做一点小小的改变，就能变得更健康的方法和建议。
【解答】（1）requires.考查主谓一致和时态。句意：要想变得健康，你只需要在生活中做一点小小的改变。不定式作主语，且文章基本时态为一般现在时，故填requires。
（2）be achieved.考查被动语态。句意：这可以通过在工作时走楼梯，步行购物，步行去吃午餐来实现。根据主语是动词表示的动作的承受者可判断用被动语态；can是情态动词，后要跟动词原形，故填be achieved。
（3）to change．考查动词不定式。句意：改变你对食物的态度也是个好主意。句中It作形式主语，后面应用不定式短语作真正的主语，故应用动词不定式to change。
（4）eating．考查动词﹣ing形式作主语。句意：这是因为当你不开心的时候吃东西只会导致体重增加和健康问题的增加。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词﹣ing形式作表语从句中的主语。故填eating。
（5）problems．考查名词复数。problem为单数可数名词且其前没有限定词，故空处应用名词的复数形式problems。
（6）a．考查冠词。walk作"（尤指为了锻炼或娱乐的）步行"讲时为可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，故空处填不定冠词a。
（7）hungry．考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，饿了就吃正餐。根据上文you're可知空处填形容词作表语，故填hungry。
（8）from．考查介词。句意：尽量远离垃圾食品。短语stay away from"远离"，为固定用法。故填from。
（9）that/which．考查定语从句。句意：相反，多吃新鲜水果或蔬菜以及其他能产生健康能量和优质热量的食物。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词more fresh fruits or vegetables and other foods，故用that/which引导定语从句。
（10）properly．考查词形转换。句意：散步和适当饮食是两个简单的步骤，以使健康。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰动词，故填properly。
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
3．She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh﹣faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A﹣level course.But unlike her school friends，16﹣year﹣old Sarah is not spending half﹣term（1） resting （rest） .Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as （2） a model in New York.
Sarah （3） has been told/was told （tell）that she could be Britain's new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter，44，wants her to give up school to model full﹣time.But Sarah，（4） who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants （5） to prove （prove） that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her （6） education （educate）.
She has turned down several（7） invitations （invitation） to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full﹣time before going to university to get a degree（8） in engineering or architecture.
Sarah says， "My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at that moment，school（9） comes （come） first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is （10） certainly （certain） fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model anymore."
【考点】学习．
【答案】（1）resting（2）a（3）has been told/was told（4）who（5）to prove（6）education（7）invitations（8）in（9）comes（10）certainly
【分析】这是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好，而且是一名收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持内外兼修。
【解答】（1）resting.考查动名词。句意：但与她的学校朋友不同的是，16岁的莎拉并没有在期中休息。sb.spend time （in） doing sth.为固定句型，意为"某人花费时间做某事"，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填resting。
（2）a.考查不定冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约做模特，每天能挣6500美元。model为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且model发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
（3）has been told/was told.考查动词时态和语态。句意：莎拉被告知她将成为英国新的超级名模，并在明年赚到100万美元。空处需填动词作谓语，Sarah和tell为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合语境可知，此处可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，主语为Sarah，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been told/was told。
（4）who.考查定语从句。句意：但是和顶级模特一起参加时装秀的莎拉想要证明自己不仅漂亮，而且有头脑。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Sarah，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
（5）to prove.考查动词不定式。句意：句意同上。want to do sth.为固定用法，意为"想要做某事"，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to prove。
（6）education.考查不可数名词。句意：她决心继续接受教育。her为形容词性物主代词，后面需加名词，education意为"教育"，是不可数名词。故填education。
（7）invitations.考查可数名词复数。句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。invitation为可数名词，several后面需加名词复数形式。故填invitations。
（8）in.考查介词。句意：毕业后，她计划休息一年做全职模特，然后再去大学攻读工程或建筑学学位。表示"在……方面"需用介词in。故填in。
（9）comes.考查时态。句意：但现在，学校是第一位的。根据"at the moment"可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为school是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
（10）certainly.考察副词。句意：这当然是有趣的，但生活方式有点不真实。修饰形容词fun需用副词certainly作状语。故填certainly。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
4．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Good afternoon，students.We have finally made some （1） changes （change） to the school clothing rules.The main differences are about hair and shoes.First，I'll talk about the problem with shoes.Recently，I （2） have noticed （notice） that some of you have been wearing very expensive designer shoes to class.This has some bad influence （3） on our students.We want the school to be an exciting （4） but serious place to learn.So，we are keeping out all shoes（5） that cost more than ＄100.The second issue is hairstyles.While we understand that you want to express （6） yourselves （you），we have to say no to （7） colorful （color） hair.A little red or blue or even （8） to make （make） your hair blond is OK.But bright pink hair or crazy hair that has five different colors？That' s too much for the classroom.You can wait to experiment with your hair during summer vacation.During the school year，we want you （9） to keep （keep） your minds on your work so you can do well on your tests.The exams will be （10） harder （hard） this year，so we have a lot more work to do!
【考点】学习．
【答案】（1）changes（2）have noticed（3）on（4）but（5）that（6）yourselves（7）colorful（8）making##to make（9）to keep（10）harder
【分析】本文是一篇通知。文章主要告诉学校的学生们在上学期间，不要太关注自己的衣着和服饰，要把注意力放在学习上。
【解答】（1）changes.考查可数名词复数。句意：我们终于在校服规则上做出了一些改变。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查可数名词的复数形式，被"some"修饰，作动词"made"的宾语。故填changes。
（2）have noticed.考查动词时态。句意：最近，我注意到你们中的一些人在穿很昂贵的鞋子到班里。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子时间状语是"recently"，所以这里考查现在完成时的谓语动词。主语是"I"，所以助动词用have。故填have noticed。
（3）on.考查介词。句意：这对我们的学生们来说有一些坏影响。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语"have an influence on…"表示"对……有影响"的意思。故填on。
（4）but.考查并列连词。句意：我们希望学校是一个令人兴奋又严肃的学习的地方。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查并列连词，上下文"exciting"和"serious"是转折的关系，一起修饰后面的名词"place"。故填but。
（5）that.考查定语从句。句意：所以，我们禁止超过100美元的鞋子进入校园。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是"shoes"，前面被不定代词"all"修饰，在定语从句中作主语，只能用that引导。故填that。
（6）yourselves.考查反身代词。句意：虽然我们理解你想表达你自己，但是，我们不得不对鲜艳多彩的头发说不。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查反身代词作宾语，表示"你自己"的意思。故填yourselves。
（7）colorful.考查形容词。句意：见第6题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词做定语，修饰后面的名词"hair"。故填colorful。
（8）to make.考查动词不定式。句意：一点的红色，蓝色或者把你的头发染成金黄色的都可以。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词的适当形式做句子的主语，这里可以表示经常性的行为，也可以是一次性的做法，所以这个句子中用动名词和动词不定式结构都可以。故填making或to make。
（9）to keep.考查动词不定式。句意：在上学期间，我们想让你把心思放在你的学习上，因此，你可以在考试中取得好成绩。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配"want sb.to do sth."表示"让某人做某事"的意思。故填to keep。
（10）harder.考查形容词比较级。句意：今年的考试会比较难，因此，我们还有更多的工作要做。根据句子结构和意思可知，后面有比较级结构"a lot more work"，所以这里考查形容词的比较级作表语，修饰句子的主语"The exams"。故填harder。
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
5．The use of chopsticks has been （1） a big part of Chinese food culture for centuries．When cooking food or picking it up，a pair of chopsticks always comes for use．
So how did chopsticks come into being？It's said that Dayu，a legendary ruler of ancient China （2） who/that helped his people fight floods，invented them．In those days，people （3） ate （eat） only with their hands．But Dayu was busy preparing for flood control work and often had his meals in the wild．Mostly，he hurried to deal （4） with unexpected accidents and didn't want to wait to eat．The meat （5） cooked （cook） in the pot was too hot to pick up with his hands．So one day Dayu picked up some twigs（细枝）（6） to help （help） him hold the meat．Later，the twigs （7） gradually （gradual） became the chopsticks we know today．
But of course，this is just a story．The （8） earliest （early） chopsticks archaeologists（考古学家） have found so far are more than 3，000 years old，（9） dating （date） back to the Shang Dynasty．The six bronze chopsticks were found in Yinxu，one of China's oldest archaeological （10） sites （site），in Anyang，Henan province．
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述筷子的传说和考古学家发现的最早的筷子．
【解答】1．a，考查冠词，泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a．
2．who/that，考查定语从句，先行词为人，在定语从句中做主语，故填who或that引导．
3．ate，考查时态，in those days常和一般过去时态连用，故填ate．
4．with，考查固定搭配，deal with处理、对付，故填介词with．
5．cooked ，考查过去分词，cook和它所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填cooked．
6．to help，考查不定式，做目的状语，所以用不定式，故填to help．
7．gradually，考查副词，修饰动词，所以用副词，故填gradually．
8．earliest，考查形容词最高级，作定语修饰名词，前面有the，表示"最早的"，故填形容词最高级earliest．
9．dating，考查现在分词，date和它所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语．
10．sites，考查名词的数，前面有one of，所以用复数名词，故填sites．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
6．On our way to the house，it was raining （1） so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take（2） to get （get）there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack （3） of dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters （4） who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （5） recommended （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya （木瓜） and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting （6） competition （compete） to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many（7） traditional （tradition） stories about Hawaii that were （8） hugely （huge） popular with tourists.On the last day of our week﹣long stay，we （9） were invited （invite） to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （10） listening （listen） to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述了作者在美国夏威夷寄宿家庭的经历。
【解答】（1）so.考查固定句式。句意：在我们回家的路上，雨下得如此很大，以至于我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。句中含有固定句式"so...that..."，表示"如此...以至于"，符合句意，故填so。
（2）to get.考查不定式。句意：在我们回家的路上，雨下得如此很大，以至于我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。此处考查" it takes/took sb some time to do sth. "这一句型结构，表示"花某人多长时间做某事"。故填to get。
（3）of.考查介词。句意：第一次迎接我们的是一群狗吠叫。a pack of是固定用法，意为"一群...…"。故填of。
（4）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：它们的主人对它们进行了良好的训练，主人在照料这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。分析句子结构可知，句中含有定语从句，先行词是their owners，指"人"，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
（5）recommended.考查动词的时态。句意：我们的主人分享了他们的许多经验，并建议我们去一些好吃的、购物的、参观的地方。根据句中的"shared"可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填recommended。
（6）competition.考查可数名词单数。句意：当他们有空的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一个有趣的比赛以及比赛背后的故事。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示"一个有趣的比赛"。故填competition。
（7）traditional.考查形容词。句意：他们还和我们分享了许多夏威夷的传统故事。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词stories，应用形容词作定语，故填traditional。
（8）hugely.考查副词。句意：这些故事非常受游客欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词popular，应用副词作状语，故填hugely。
（9）were invited.考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我们应邀参加了在北岸星光下的一个美丽农场举行的私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并会见有趣的当地人。文章讲述发生在过去的事情，此处应用一般过去时，且we和invite之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数。故填were invited。
（10）listening.考查现在分词。句意：我们应邀参加了在北岸星光下的一个美丽农场举行的私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并会见有趣的当地人。分析句子结构可知，空格处是非谓语，listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填listening。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
7．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years（1） longer （long） than non﹣runners.You don't have to run fast or for long（2） to see （see）the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of（3） dying （die） early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it（4） is （be） more effective at lengthening life（5） than walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） that /which showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） causes （cause）.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it's probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to（8） strengthen （strength）your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always（9） energetic （energy）.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give（10） it /running a try.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）longer（2）to see（3）dying（4）is（5）than（6）that/which（7）causes（8）strengthen（9）energetic（10）it /running
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处。
【解答】（1）longer.考查副词的比较级。句意：医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据后文"than non﹣runners"可知用比较级longer。故填longer。
（2）to see.考查动词不定式。句意：你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。分析句子结构可知see在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to see。
（3）dying.考查动名词。句意：你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。of为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填dying。
（4）is.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管有规律地跑步不能让你长生不老，但该研究指出，在延长寿命方面，跑步比步行、骑自行车或游泳更有效。此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语为it，谓语动词用单数。故填is。
（5）than.考查比较句型。句意：尽管有规律地跑步不能让你长生不老，但该研究指出，在延长寿命方面，跑步比步行、骑自行车或游泳更有效。结合上文"more effective"可知此处为比较级，表示"比……更……"应用than。故填than。
（6）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：该综述的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天仅5至10分钟的跑步可以降低心脏病和各种原因导致的早死的风险。此处为定语从句修饰先行词study，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
（7）causes.考查可数名词的复数。句意：该综述的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天仅5至10分钟的跑步可以降低心脏病和各种原因导致的早死的风险。此处作from的宾语应用名词cause，且cause为可数名词，由all修饰应用复数形式。故填causes。
（8）strengthen.考查动词。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步，做强化腿部肌肉的锻炼，避免下坡，买一双好的跑鞋。结合句意表示"强化"可知应用动词strengthen，且此处为不定式作定语，上文to为不定式符号，应填动词原形。故填strengthen。
（9）energetic.考查形容词。句意：跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是让人充满活力。根据上文"it's"可知应填形容词energetic，作表语。故填energetic。
（10）it /running.考查代词/动名词。句意：如果你时间不够，你只需要花一半的时间跑步就能获得和其他运动一样的好处，所以也许我们都应该试一试。"试一下"可译为give it a try，it代指running这一项运动，因此也可以填running。故填it/running。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
8．Friends play a very important part in everyone's life．Friendship（1） usually （usual） develops during childhood．New friends are made when you progress through school．The friends（2） who/whom you make as a student last long．A familiar opinion is "You can tell a lot about a person by（3） knowing （know） who his friends are"．Friendship（4） is based （base）on common interests．If you like sports，most of your friends（5） are （be）likely to be active．If you enjoy reading and shopping，most of your friends will do（6） the same．
Some people call you their friends for the wrong reasons．These people are not real friends．True friends are there whether you are rich or poor．（7） It is easy to have many so﹣called "friends" if you are rich．So you should be able to recognize your friends as the real or the "phoney" ones．True friends are most special．Sometimes they might not be easy（8） to find （find），so you can consider yourself very（9） fortunate （fortune） if you have one true friend．This friend is eager to help you whenever necessary．A true friend is someone you can talk to about any subject or problem．True friends support you，give you a great deal of（10） encouragement （encourage），take your side，and build up your confidence．
【考点】日常生活；社会；说明文．
【答案】（1）usually（2）who（3）knowing（4）is based（5）are
（6）the（7）It（8）to find（9）fortunate（10）encouragement
【分析】朋友在每个人的生活中都扮演着非常重要的角色。友谊通常是在童年时期发展起来的。你在学生时代所交的朋友会持续很长时间。本文讨论了朋友的特点以及什么才是真正的朋友。
【解答】（1）usually.考查副词。句意：友谊通常是在童年时期发展起来的。修饰动词develop，用副词，故填usually.
（2）who/whom.考查定语从句。句意：你在学生时代所交的朋友会持续很长时间。代指The friends，作定语从句you make 的宾语，关系词用who/whom，故填who/whom.
（3）knowing.考查动名词。句意：一个熟悉的观点是：通过认识他的朋友，你可以了解一个人的很多情况。作介词by的宾语，用动名词，故填knowing.
（4）is based.考查固定短语。句意：友谊是建立在共同兴趣的基础上的。表示"以…为基础"，用固定短语be based on，故填based.
（5）are.考查主谓一致。句意：如果你喜欢运动，你的大多数朋友都很活跃。根据上下文可知本句用一般现在时态，和主语most of your friends一致，系动词用are，故填are.
（6）the.考查冠词。句意：如果你喜欢阅读和购物，你的大多数朋友也会这样做。修饰same用定冠词the，故填the.
（7）It.考查形式主语。句意：如果你富有，很容易有很多所谓的"朋友"。作is easy的形式主语，代指动词不定式 to have many so﹣called "friends"，用it，故填It.
（8）to find.考查动词不定式。句意：真正的朋友是最特别的，有时他们可能不容易找到，所以如果你有一个真正的朋友，你可以认为自己很幸运。作形容词be easy的补语，用动词不定式，故填to find.
（9）fortunate.考查派生词。句意：真正的朋友是最特别的，有时他们可能不容易找到，所以如果你有一个真正的朋友，你可以认为自己很幸运。作you can consider yourself的补语，表示"幸运的"，用形容词fortunate，故填fortunate.
（10）encouragement.考查派生词。句意：真正的朋友支持你，给你很多鼓励，站在你这边，建立你的信心。根据修饰词a great deal of可知用不可数名词encouragement表示"鼓励"，故填encouragement.
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
9．Running a few kilometers each day is good（1） for our health.However，new research says running too much could be bad for us.Running long distances（2） regularly （regular）for many years could make our life （3） shorter （short），not longer.A researcher said too much running can created plaque（斑）inside your heart，（4） which can lead to heart disease.He wrote that running too much for many years takes away the good things from exercise.He（5） added （add）that the risk of heart disease could be （6） the same as someone who never exercised.
Researchers said men who ran marathons for 25 years had 62% more plaque in their heart than men who did little（7） or no exercise.Another doctor said he felt cheated.He started running marathons in 1967.He used（8） to run （run）60 kilometers every week.He said，"I thought I was out there exhausting（9） myself （me），building an absolutely strong heart." The doctor advised （10） exercising （exercise）frequently but not overdoing things.
【考点】自然科学研究成果；体育．
【答案】（1）for（2）regularly（3）shorter（4）which（5）added（6）the（7）or（8）to run（9）myself（10）exercising
【分析】这篇文章主要讲了研究表明适量运动对身体有益，过量运动对身体有害。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。句意：每天跑几公里对我们的健康有好处。be good for对……有好处，故填for。
（2）regularly.考查副词。句意：连续多年坚持长跑会使我们的寿命变短，而不是变长。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填regularly。
（3）shorter.考查比较级。句意：连续多年坚持长跑会使我们的寿命变短，而不是变长。由后面的not longer得知用比较级，故填shorter。
（4）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一位研究人员说，过多的跑步会在心脏内形成斑块，从而导致心脏病。先行词 plague，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
（5）added.考查时态。句意：他补充说，患心脏病的风险可能与从不锻炼的人相同。没什么，所以用一般过去时态，故填added。
（6）the.考查冠词。句意：他补充说，患心脏病的风险可能与从不锻炼的人相同。形容词same前面加the，故填the。
（7）or.考查连词。句意：研究人员称，连续25年跑马拉松的男性心脏中的斑块比很少或不运动的男性多62%。表示很少运动或是不运动的人，前后是选择关系，故填or。
（8）to run.考查不定式。句意：他过去每周跑60公里。used to do，过去常常做某事，故填to run。
（9）myself.考查反身代词。句意：我以为我是在竭尽全力，打造一颗绝对强大的心脏。指主语I本身，故填myself。
（10）exercising.考查动名词。句意：医生建议经常运动，但不要过度。advise doing建议做某事，故填exercising。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
10．On the first day at my senior high，I woke up early and rushed out of the door（1） eagerly （eager） in order to get to know my new school．I was excited to have an（2） exploration （explore） of it!During my English class，Mr．Meng，our English teacher asked us to introduce（3） ourselves （we） to the class one by one，and he went first．But I was too nervous to pay attention，（4） wondering （wonder） how I could make a good first impression．I（5） was organizing （organize） my words when my turn came．Hearing my self﹣introduction，every one in my class burst out laughing，（6） which put me in panic．However，my teacher said， "Nice to know we share the same name．" Although I was embarrassed，his words made me （7） relaxed （relax）．
Then，Mr．Meng explained，"Challenges like this might sometimes put you（8） under pressure．But it all（9） depends （depend） on what you do．" Finally，he encouraged us to keep calm and be prepared so as to make（10） the most of the time at senior high．
【考点】记叙文．
【答案】（1）eagerly （2）exploration （3）ourselves （4）wondering （5）was organizing
（6）which （7）relaxed （8）under（9）depends（10）the
【分析】本文是一 篇记叙文，作者描述了上高中第一天的经历，他由兴奋、紧张变得轻松自在。
【解答】（1）eagerly.考查副词。句意：在我高中的第一天，为了了解我的新学校，我醒得很早，急切地冲出门外。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰前面的动词，所以用副词形式。故填eagerly。
（2）exploration.考查名词。句意：我很兴奋能有一个探索！。根据空前的an可知，空处应填名词exploration。故填exploration。
（3）ourselves.考查反身代词。句意：在我们的英语课堂上，英语孟老师让我们站起来依次介绍自己，他第一个介绍自己。空处作introduce的宾语，联系语境并根据提示词we可知，此处要用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。
（4）wondering.考查现在分词。句意：但我太紧张了，没法集中注意力，想知道怎样才能给人留下好的第一印象。分析句子结构可知，空格处应作伴随状语，wonder 与主语I之间是逻辑.上的主谓关系，故用动词﹣ing形式。故填wondering。
（5）was organizing.考查时态。句意：我正在组织我要说的话，轮到我来介绍自己了。be doing…when…是固定句式，意思是"某事正在发生时另一件事发生了"，根据语境可知，应填过去进行时。故填was organizing。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：听到我的自我介绍，班上的每个人都放声大笑起来，这让我很恐慌。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
（7）relaxed.考查形容词。句意：虽然我很尴尬，但他的话让我放松了。根据语境可知，空处应用relaxed表示"感到放松的"。此处是" make +宾语+宾补"结构，其中形容词作宾语补足语。故填relaxed。
（8）under.考查介词。句意：像这样的挑战有时会给你带来压力。put sb.under pressure 是动词短语，意为"使某人承受压力"。故填under。
（9）depends.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但这取决于你做什么。根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，表示客观情况；因主语是it，所以谓语动词三单形式。故填depends。
（10）the.考查冠词。句意：最后，他鼓励我们保持冷静，准备好充分利用高中的时间。make the most of" 充分利用" ，是固定短语。故填the。
【点评】高考语法填空是一道综合性比较强，考查点比较多的一个题型．考查形式分为有提示词以及无提示词，考生要理解语篇，须灵活运用各种语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容．最后再通读全文．
11．Mr White works in an office.He liked reading in bed when he was at school.It was bad （1） for his eyes and now he is near﹣sighted.But he wouldn't want anybody else （2） to know （know） about it and he never wears a pair of （3） glasses （glass）.
One winter morning he （4） was sent （send） to a village school on business.He got off a bus at a stop in . （5） a small town.Then he had to walk there.The road to the village wasn't smooth.There were stones here and there，He fell over several times and it made his clothes very dirty.At last he got to the village. （6） Suddenly （sudden） it began to blow strongly and it got much （7） colder （cold）.His hat was blown off while he was looking for the school.He had to run after （8） it but he couldn't catch it.He was （9） wondering （wonder） why his hat ran into a house as if it had legs.And then he ran into the house，too.
A big woman appeared and stopped him by （10） shouting （shout） angrily， "What are you running after my hen for？"
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）for（2）to know（3）glasses（4）was sent（5）a（6）Suddenly（7）colder（8）it（9）wondering（10）shouting
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了怀特先生是近视眼却不想让别人知道，所以他不戴眼镜，结果闹出了笑话，把母鸡当成了自己的帽子。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。句意：这对他的眼睛不好，现在他近视了。根据句意可知，在床上看书对他的眼睛不好，be bad for"对……有害"。故填for。
（2）to know.考查动词不定式。句意：但他不想让别人知道，而且他从来不戴眼镜。want sb.to do sth."想要某人做某事"，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to know。
（3）glasses.考查名词复数。句意：但他不想让别人知道，而且他从来不戴眼镜。a pair of glasses"一副眼镜"，故填glasses。
（4）was sent.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：一个冬天的早晨，他因公被派到一所乡村学校。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语"One winter morning"可知，时态为一般过去时态，主语he和谓语动词为动宾关系，所以要用一般过去时态的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数，故填was sent。
（5）a.考查不定冠词。句意：他在一个小镇的一个车站下了公共汽车。根据句意可知，他在一个车站下了车，泛指一个车站，所以用不定冠词，small为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
（6）Suddenly.考查副词。句意：突然，风开始刮得很大，天气变得更冷了。分析句子结构可知，空处用来修饰后面的句子，所以要用副词。故填Suddenly。
（7）colder.考查形容词的比较级。句意：突然，风开始刮得很大，天气变得更冷了。根据句意以及空前的much可知，要用形容词的比较级，表示天气变得更冷了。故填colder。
（8）it.考查代词。句意：他不得不追着它跑，但没能抓住它。空处指代前文中被风吹走的帽子，所以用代词it，指代前文中出现的事物，为单数。故填it。
（9）wondering.考查现在分词。句意：他想知道为什么他的帽子像有腿一样跑进了房子。根据句意以及空前的was可知，句子用过去进行时态，表示他那时正在想。故填wondering.
（10）shouting.考查动名词。句意：一个大个子女人出现了，愤怒地喊道："你追我的母鸡干什么？"空前为介词by，所以要用动名词作宾语。故填shouting。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
12．The first foreign language I studied was French，and I learnt it at a secondary school between the ages of 11 and 18．It was a compulsory subject for the first three years and I（1） chose （choose） to continue studying it afterwards because I enjoyed it，found it （2） interesting （interest） and was quite good at it．Outside class I practiced （3） listening （listen） to the French language radio and reading French books．
Before going to university，I spent three months working on （4） a farm in southern France．This helped me become pretty fluent（5） in French and acquire a rich farming﹣related vocabulary．
My French has also been（6） helpful （help） on holiday on Morocco and Portugal．French（7） is used （use） as a second language in Morocco and in other countries quite a few people speak French in places （8） which/that a lot of tourists visit．
In September 2009 I joined a couple of French conversation（9） groups （group） in Bangor and I have been going to them ever since．It has resulted in my （10） improvement （improve） in my spoken French．
Now I can still speak French fluently and can also read it well，but my written French is not so good．
【考点】学习．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】文章讲述了作者学习法语的经历．
【解答】1．chose．考查动词，and的并列句，缺少谓语动词，结合上文的was可知使用过去时，故填chose．
2．interesting．考查形容词，find的复合结构，it作宾语，interesting作宾补，因为是修饰物，所以使用interesting．
3．listening．考查非谓语，practice doing sth：练习做某事，故填listening．
4．a．考查冠词，a表示泛指，一个农场，故填a．
5．in．考查介词，be fluent in：在某方面流利，故填in．
6．helpful．考查形容词，根据been可知填写形容词作表语，故填helpful．
7．is used．考查被动，主语是French，法语被用作第二语言，一般事实使用一般现在时，故填is used．
8．which/that．考查连词，先行词是places，在定语从句中做宾语，故填关系代词which或者that．
9．groups．考查名词，根据a couple of，可知填写名词复数，故填groups．
0．improvement．考查名词，做宾语使用名词，improvement：进展，提高，不可数，故填improvement．
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解大意，抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，仔细分析带空格的句子，明确空格所要填的词义，词型和短语搭配，给出所要填的正确形式，然后整体阅读短文，核对答案．
13．Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack resolved to join an expedition （1） advertised （advertise） in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down，thinking Jack was not（2） qualified （qualify）.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and （3） was assigned （assign） to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good﹣tempered and loyal and he wasn't selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those who were on the ship all liked him. （4） Unfortunately （fortunate），one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also sank.At that time，the calm captain made a（5） commitment （commit） to save them and commanded them to throw away （6） their （they） belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were fortunate enough（7） to escape （escape） the ship.It was their endurance，resolution （8） that perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，（9） which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been（10） an unforgettable episode in Jack's life.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）advertised（2）qualified（3）was assigned（4）Unfortunately（5）commitment（6）their（7）to escape（8）that（9）which（10）an
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者的侄儿杰克的经历。
【解答】（1）advertised.考查过去分词。句意：18岁时，杰克决定参加报纸上刊登的探险队，但领队认为杰克不合格，拒绝了他。句子的谓语是resolved，设空处为非谓语动词，动词advertise与逻辑主语an expedition之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。advertise的过去分词为advertised。故填advertised。
（2）qualified.考查形容词。句意：18岁时，杰克决定参加报纸上刊登的探险队，但领队认为杰克不合格，拒绝了他。qualify意为"使……具有资格"，设空处在系动词之后，应用形容词，qualify的形容词为qualified，意为"有资格的，胜任的"，作表语。故填qualified。
（3）was assigned.考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：19岁时，他加入了海军，被派去当一名工资很低的乘务员。设空处前为并列连词，连接两个谓语动词，动词assign与逻辑主语he为动宾关系，应用被动语态，前面谓语动词为一般过去时态，故设空处用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为he，系动词为was。故填was assigned。
（4）Unfortunately.考查副词。句意：不幸的是，一天，发动机坏了，船撞在了一座巨大的冰山上。根据句意，此事是不幸的事，fortunate意为"幸运的"，应用其反义词的副词unfortunately，作状语，设空处在句首，首字母要大写。故填Unfortunately。
（5）commitment.考查可数名词的单数。句意：当时，冷静的船长做出了拯救他们的承诺，并命令他们扔掉他们的东西，如火炉、毯子、球拍、橱柜和其他家具。设空处前为不定冠词，设空处应填名词，commit的名词为commitment，意为"承诺，保证"，作made的宾语，空前有a，故用名词的单数形式，故填commitment。
（6）their.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当时，冷静的船长做出了拯救他们的承诺，并命令他们扔掉他们的东西，如火炉、毯子、球拍、橱柜和其他家具。设空处后为名词belongings，应填形容词性的物主代词，they的物主代词为their，作前置定语。故填their。
（7）to escape.考查动词不定式。句意：最后，他们很幸运地逃离了这艘船。短语"be+形容词+enough+to do sth"，意为"足够……去做……"，此处的动词不定式做结果状语，故填to escape。
（8）that.考查强调句。句意：是他们的忍耐力、决心和毅力帮助他们生存下来。此处考查强调句的结构：It was+被强调部分+that+...，设空处应填that，作连接词。故填that。
（9）which.考查定语从句。句意：在遥远的岛屿上，杰克设法用动物脂肪生火，散发出一股难闻的气味，然后他煮海洋动物。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为make fire with animal fat，动物脂肪生火会释放出很难闻的味道，先行词作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
（10）an.考查冠词。句意：总之，这是杰克一生中难忘的一段插曲。设空处后为名词短语unforgettable episode，应用不定冠词an，表泛指。故填an。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
14．
Bags of Love
Last year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month.During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly ﹣ we were always suddenly out of something.Wondering how my mum（1） could consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine.Eventually，I decided to follow her and（2） what happened truly amazed me.She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in（3） which she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.Then it hit me﹣why would she not want to tell me about what she（4） had done （do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop（5） buying （buy） the groceries if I found out？
When she got home，I told her about my discovery.（6） Before she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret from me.She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by（7） how selfless she was.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）could（2）what（3）which（4）had done（5）buying（6）Before（7）how
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在与母亲住在一起的一段时间里，发现了一个秘密：母亲总是拿家里的零食给附近的孩子们，并帮助有困难的人，这深深地感动了作者。
【解答】（1）could.考查情态动词。句意：我想知道我妈妈怎么能这么快就吃完它们，于是我开始观察她的日常生活。此处意为"妈妈怎么能这么快吃完"，故此处表示能力can，且陈述过去，应用一般过去时，故填could。
（2）what.考查主语从句。句意：最终，我决定跟踪她，而发生的事情真正让我吃惊。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语， "什么"，故填what。
（3）which.考查定语从句。句意：她把食物送到难民营，分发给那里的孩子们。此处为定语从句，先行词为the refugee camp，指物，从句中缺少介词in的宾语，故用which引导，故填which。
（4）had done.考查时态。句意：她为什么不想告诉我她所做的事呢？此处描述在发现母亲秘密之前的动作，表示"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时，故填had done。
（5）buying.考查动名词。句意：她是担心我的反应，还是担心如果我知道了，我会不再买杂货？此处意为"停止做某事"，表达为stop doing sth.符合句意，故填buying。
（6）Before.考查时间状语从句。句意：不等她反应过来，我给了她一个大大的拥抱，告诉她不用瞒着我。此处表示"在母亲反应过来之前"，所以本句为before引导的时间状语从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Before。
（7）how.考查宾语从句。句意：她的多么的无私给我留下了深刻印象。此处引导宾语从句，用how修饰形容词selfless，表示程度，故填how。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
15．From time to time，people find themselves （1） in situations where they have to make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.The story "After Twenty Years" is set in New York on （2） a cold，dark night.It is about two friends named Bob and Jimmy.Twenty years ago，Bob （3） denied （dine） at a restaurant with his friend Jimmy.He decided to leave for the West （4） to make （make） his fortune，but Jimmy would rather stay in New York.They made a promise that they would meet at the place （5） where they had dined.
Bob kept the （6） appointment （appoint） and came back，believing that Jimmy would come if he was alive，because he was a （7） truly （true） reliable person.He struck a match to light his cigar， （8） waiting （wait） for his friend.Jimmy arrived at the appointed place but found Bob was just the man（9） wanted （want） in Chicago.
However，Jimmy couldn't catch his best friend （10） himself （he），so he asked a plain clothes policeman to do it.
【考点】人与自我．
【答案】（1）in（2）a（3）dined（4）to make（5）where（6）appointment（7）truest（8）waiting（9）wanted（10）himself
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两位朋友约定20年后再次到他们吃饭的地方见面，吉米到达了约定的地点后，却发现鲍勃正是芝加哥所通缉的人，于是他让一个便衣警察去抓他。
【解答】（1）in.考查介词。句意：有时，人们会发现自己处于一种处境，他们不得不就自己的道德价值做出艰难的选择。这里表达"处于某种处境"，名词situation前用介词in。故填in。
（2）a.考查冠词。句意：《二十年之后》的故事发生在纽约一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚。此处night"夜晚"是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，且形容词cold是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
（3）dined.考查时态。句意：二十年前，鲍勃和他的朋友吉米在一家餐馆吃饭。空处作谓语，根据句中时间状语Twenty years ago可知，用一般过去时。故填dined。
（4）to make.考查动词不定式。句意：他决定到西部去发财，但吉米宁愿留在纽约。分析句意可知，这里是表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
（5）where.考查定语从句。句意：他们约定在吃饭的地方见面。空处需要一个连接词引导定语从句，先行词为the place，在定语从句中充当地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
（6）appointment.考查可数名词单数。句意：鲍勃回来了并且去赴约，他相信只要吉米还活着，他一定会来的，因为他是世界上最真实、最可靠的人。空处作keep的宾语，应用名词appointment，意为"约会；约定"，是可数名词，空前有定冠词the修饰，根据语境可知，此处特指二人所定下的"这个约定"，应用单数形式。故填appointment。
（7）truest.考查形容词最高级。句意：鲍勃回来了并且去赴约，他相信只要吉米还活着，他一定会来的，因为他是世界上最真实、最可靠的人。根据连词and后形容词最高级mostreliable可知，这里也用形容词最高级形式。故填truest。
（8）waiting.考查现在分词。句意：他划了根火柴点燃雪茄，等待他的朋友。句中已有谓语动词struck，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语He与动词wait是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填waiting。
（9）wanted.考查过去分词。句意：吉米到达了约定的地点，却发现鲍勃正是芝加哥所通缉的人。句中已有谓语动词was，此处应用非谓语动词形式。名词the man与动词want是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填wanted。
（10）himself.考查代词。句意：然而，吉米自己不能抓住他最好的朋友，所以他让一个
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