2024-2025学年高一暑假作业9 UNIT 4 Natural disasters 巩固练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024-2025学年高一暑假作业9 UNIT 4 Natural disasters 巩固练习（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-07-18 19:07:30 | ||
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高一暑假作业9 UNIT 4 巩固练习
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With more forests _________ (破坏), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
2．An investigation is underway to find out how the _________(灾难) happened.
3．The room was filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to _________ (呼吸)．
4．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a _________ (营救) team to look for them.
5．It's kind of you to provide the poor boy with food and _________ (避难处)．
6．We shouldn't waste _________ (电) in our daily life.
7．His son finally succeeded after ten years' continuous _________ (努力)．
8．He gave an example of bravery and _________ (智慧)．
9．He has_________ (提供) me with the necessary information.
10．Many companies are _________ (遭受) from a shortage of skilled workers.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He trapped me _________ admitting I had done it.
2．The building _________wall is white is our library.
3．This coat is _________(dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaner's.
4．Each time he delivered a letter _________Mrs Brown, he had to finish his work quite late, because she lived far away.
5．She described in her composition the people and places _________ impressed her most.
6．They were _________at the _________ eruption of the volcano. (shock)
7．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _________ (rise) steadily since 1990.
8．This machine is very easy _________(operate)．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
UNIT 5
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The twins differ from each other in _________ (性格)．
2．What subject did you _________(主修) in when you were in university
3．By no _________(方式) am I satisfied with what you have done.
4．It is a _________(斗争) for me to rid myself of my fears.
5．She is now crazy about _________(古典的) music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert.
6．This is an animal that is _________ (特有的) to this part of Africa.
7．I'd _________ (感激) your writing me back as soon as possible.
8．There are certain _________ (因素) I must consider on my new invention.
9．How do you view the role of women in_________ (全球的) development
10．Despite (尽管) his terrible injuries, he wouldn't give up the struggle for life.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This proverb is based on an old English law _________ (date)back to the 17th century.
2．Here I sincerely express my _________(appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
3．Death rates are down for many cancers in the US. But _________ (global) the disease is rising.
4．Scientists have a fairly negative attitude _________ the theory.
5．He struggled_________ cancer for two years.
6．You should keep the book well for future _________ (refer)．
7．Police have issued a _________ (describe) of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty.
8．By the time we arrived, he _________ (work) for eight hours.
9．I like the film _________(base) on historical facts.
10．The city has a _________(vary) of good stores and supermarkets.
一．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events. Those massive projects are becoming increasingly popular globally. This is in part to prevent the effects of intensifying storms, seawater attack, and sea level rise due to climate change. However, the study challenges the assumption that all of the seaside dams are effective flood prevention measures.
By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. Dams can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge event and the shape of the basin. Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland.
After using Charleston Harbor as a case study, researchers employed computer modeling to assess the flood response at 23 other sites, both dammed and natural. The models confirmed that the basin shape and its shortening by a dam are crucial in determining how storm surges move inland. In dammed environments, waves can accumulate and grow under the right length of time.
Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods. Other contributors to the study included Enrica Viparelli, Alexander Yankovsky, Raymond Torres from the University of South Carolina, and Stefan Talke from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
1．How did people use to view the seaside dam
A．It decreased the frequency of storms. B．It protected seaside areas from threats.
C．It slowed down the rise in sea level. D．It prevented the river-ocean interaction.
2．Why do waves increase where there are seaside dams
A．Seaside dams extend the lasting time of waves
B．Seaside dams stop rivers from reaching the sea.
C．Seaside dams change the directions of waves.
D．Seaside dams decrease the length of a basin.
3．What was Steven Dykstra worried about
A．Seaside floods weren’t taken seriously by people.
B．The impact of floods was widespread.
C．Dams contributed to the occurrence of flooding.
D．Floods by the sea were difficult to prevent.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．Seaside Dams Are Less Useful at Seaside Areas
B．Seaside Surges Impact More than Seaside
C．Seaside Dams Can Worsen Flood
D．The Latest Model Arises New Concerns
B
It was supposed to be an exciting adventure with my best friend Josh. We were hiking when the disaster struck. A boulder (巨石) suddenly shifted and crushed my leg beneath it. Extreme pain shot through my body. “Josh! Help!” I screamed, my voice trembling with panic.
Josh reacted instantly. But no matter what he tried, the boulder didn’t show the slightest movement. “Hold on! We’ll get help!” He said, grabbing his phone. He called emergency services and told the operator where we were. But we were kilometers from the nearest road, too far for rescue team to reach soon.
The hours passed slowly. The boulder hadn’t just crushed me, but it had knocked over almost all the water we carried. As the sun went down, the temperature dropped to near freezing. I trembled uncontrollably and sank into despair, but Josh kept encouraging me firmly. “Don’t lose hope!” He said, “We’ll get through this!” He gathered all the clothing he’d brought and piled them onto me. Then he collected wood and built a small fire, keeping it burning while we waited under the black, starless sky. Just when I thought we might not survive the night, the glow of rescuers’ headlamps appeared on the distant hillside.
The rescuers came on foot, driving to the closest spot they could find and then hiking in. Burdened by enormous packs and heavy tools, they moved through the darkness — every step a risk. Seeing the rescuers face to face allowed me to relax. After I’d been trapped for about five hours, they managed to pull my leg out from under the boulder.
But they delivered discouraging news: it was too dangerous to take me off the mountain in the dark. We must wait for the helicopter. Soon, I heard the distant sound of a helicopter. But despair returned when it flew away without stopping. Watching it disappear behind the hills, I feared my last hope was gone.
However, the rescue team never gave up, working tirelessly. They kept trying until finding a Navy helicopter crew brave enough to attempt our dangerous night-time rescue. The helicopter rushed me to the hospital, where doctors saved my life after multiple surgeries.
During my recovery, I had plenty of time to reflect. I was deeply grateful to everyone who not only gave me a second chance at life but also inspired me a lot. Their perseverance lighted my way through challenges. Three months after the accident. I found myself standing on the hiking trail once again, which was extremely tough for me. At one point, I wanted to stop. But I didn’t. I took another step. Then another. I would go slow, but I would keep going.
5．What did Josh do after the disaster had struck
A．He continuously tried to move the boulder.
B．He left to find the nearest road for help.
C．He built a shelter to keep the author warm.
D．He gave first aid to the author’s injured leg.
6．What difficulty did the author experience while waiting for rescue
A．Losing consciousness due to extreme pain and blood loss.
B．Losing all drinking water supplies for the entire night.
C．Suffering from extreme cold as the temperature dropped.
D．Being unable to contact emergency services directly.
7．During the rescue operation, the rescuers ______.
A．reached the accident site at once
B．had to hike with heavy equipment
C．felt relaxed after relieving the author’s leg
D．came along with a medical team
8．What can we infer from the helicopter’s first attempt
A．The situation was too dangerous for the night-time rescue.
B．The helicopter couldn’t land safely due to the bad weather.
C．The author’s injuries were too severe to be moved by air.
D．The pilot failed to locate them in the darkness.
9．The author writes the text mainly to _____.
A．warn readers about the potential dangers of hiking in remote areas
B．provide medical advice for wilderness emergencies
C．describe the technical challenges of wilderness rescue operations
D．remind readers not to give up no matter what difficulties they face
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good communication isn’t just about the words we say. Our body language, the non-verbal signals we send, is equally important. It can help us build trust, look confident, and connect better with others. 10 .
Keep an open stance(姿态). Stand or sit straight with your shoulders loose and legs a bit apart. 11 . Don’t cross your arms or legs, as it can make you seem defensive. Let your arms hang naturally to look friendly. Make eye contact about 60-70% of the time to show you’re interested.
Use hand gestures carefully. 12 . Use clear hand movements, like opening your hands upward, to make important points stand out. Don’t fidget(坐立不安), like touching your face or clothes, as it shows you’re nervous. As you talk, use your hands to emphasize what you’re saying, or draw people’s attention to a certain area.
13 . Your face can show a lot of feelings. A real smile makes you seem warm and easy to talk to. Be careful of small expressions on your face. Don’t raise your eyebrows too much, as it can make you seem angry or doubtful. Nodding your head a bit when others are talking to you shows that you’re listening.
Try to understand other people’s body language. Notice signs of stress, such as crossed arms or tapping feet. A relaxed body and open hands usually mean someone is calm. 14 , like shifting restlessly in their seat or checking the time. Understanding these helps you talk to them better.
By practicing these, you can become much better at non-verbal communication. This will help you build better relationships, and have more influence in your life.
A．This shows you’re confident
B．Learn to use facial expressions well
C．Cross your arms to show you are in control
D．Look for signs that someone is not interested
E．Nodding your head a lot can make you seem impatient
F．Hand movements can change how your message is received
G．Here are four simple ways to get better at non-verbal communication
三、完形填空
As a school teacher in Germany, some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities. Sometimes I will have a few overseas students in the 15 whose family are poor. Their German is often rather not standard regardless of they have 16 here for a few years. Some of these students who manage to 17 their three-year study may actually continue to go to school to 18 qualifications so they can attend university.
Over the last few weeks, I have taken three young men aside and given them 19 on how to improve their German such as 20 sports clubs, finding ways to build their vocabulary outside class and 21 language immersion (浸入式) courses. After class, I even took a couple of them to a noticeboard which 22 valuable information on a poster and they were grateful for this little 23 that only took a minute of my time.
I do not get any extra money for 24 this sort of advice. I have sacrificed my break over the years but I feel it is 25 to help the youngsters in a valuable way. If they 26 their exams they will be likely to 27 a home and spend their working life here.
It makes me 28 to share my knowledge as a language teacher and spread those 29 ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life.
15．A．school B．class C．factory D．company
16．A．lay B．slept C．kept D．lived
17．A．complete B．take C．receive D．owe
18．A．seize B．ask C．attain D．beg
19．A．tips B．ideas C．money D．time
20．A．improving B．enjoying C．playing D．joining
21．A．picking B．learning C．recommending D．noticing
22．A．wrote B．displayed C．recited D．sent
23．A．work B．test C．mark D．question
24．A．refusing B．selling C．offering D．sharing
25．A．possible B．natural C．pitiful D．important
26．A．get B．pass C．have D．win
27．A．gave away B．return to C．set up D．end up
28．A．happy B．tired C．puzzled D．regretful
29．A．surprising B．kind C．joyful D．interesting
四．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects are becoming difficult 30 (preserve) as Mandarin (普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public places.
31 (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign students decided to do something. Parker, a linguistics (语言学) student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 32 multiple languages, has lived in Beijing for years. Together, they started a project which later 33 (become) a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, 34 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
What you’re bound to notice on the Phonemica website is the 35 (present) of a large map which shows various dialects across China. In certain 36 (area), there are uploads of recordings of dialects which visitors to the site can listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 37 (tell) a story in their various dialects.
Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or professional research, Phoemica records ordinary people, helping create an oral history of Asia. The website’s detailed information about speakers, including ethnic background and education, makes it more engaging and 38 (access) than traditional language research platforms, aiming to preserve 39 unique appeal of each dialect.
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知你所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心。请你给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况，内容包括：
1．你的家人平安地逃过一劫；
2．该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，200多所房子成为废墟；
3．地震后的救援情况；
4．地震发生后你的感想。
注意：
1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
UNIT 4
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With more forests destroyed (破坏), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
2．An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster (灾难) happened.
3．The room was filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to breathe (呼吸)．
4．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.
5．It's kind of you to provide the poor boy with food and shelter (避难处)．
6．We shouldn't waste electricity (电) in our daily life.
7．His son finally succeeded after ten years' continuous effort (努力)．
8．He gave an example of bravery and wisdom (智慧)．
9．He has supplied (提供) me with the necessary information.
10．Many companies are suffering (遭受) from a shortage of skilled workers.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He trapped me into admitting I had done it.
2．The building whose wall is white is our library.
3．This coat is dirty (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaner's.
4．Each time he delivered a letter to Mrs Brown, he had to finish his work quite late, because she lived far away.
5．She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
6．They were shocked at the shocking eruption of the volcano. (shock)
7．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has_been_rising (rise) steadily since 1990.
8．This machine is very easy to_operate (operate)．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
UNIT 5
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The twins differ from each other in character (性格)．
2．What subject did you major (主修) in when you were in university
3．By no means (方式) am I satisfied with what you have done.
4．It is a struggle (斗争) for me to rid myself of my fears.
5．She is now crazy about classical (古典的) music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert.
6．This is an animal that is specific (特有的) to this part of Africa.
7．I'd appreciate (感激) your writing me back as soon as possible.
8．There are certain factors (因素) I must consider on my new invention.
9．How do you view the role of women in global (全球的) development
10．Despite (尽管) his terrible injuries, he wouldn't give up the struggle for life.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This proverb is based on an old English law dating (date)back to the 17th century.
2．Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
3．Death rates are down for many cancers in the US. But globally (global) the disease is rising.
4．Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to/towards the theory.
5．He struggled against cancer for two years.
6．You should keep the book well for future reference (refer)．
7．Police have issued a description (describe) of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty.
8．By the time we arrived, he had_worked (work) for eight hours.
9．I like the film based (base) on historical facts.
10．The city has a variety (vary) of good stores and supermarkets.
一．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events. Those massive projects are becoming increasingly popular globally. This is in part to prevent the effects of intensifying storms, seawater attack, and sea level rise due to climate change. However, the study challenges the assumption that all of the seaside dams are effective flood prevention measures.
By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. Dams can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge event and the shape of the basin. Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland.
After using Charleston Harbor as a case study, researchers employed computer modeling to assess the flood response at 23 other sites, both dammed and natural. The models confirmed that the basin shape and its shortening by a dam are crucial in determining how storm surges move inland. In dammed environments, waves can accumulate and grow under the right length of time.
Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods. Other contributors to the study included Enrica Viparelli, Alexander Yankovsky, Raymond Torres from the University of South Carolina, and Stefan Talke from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
1．How did people use to view the seaside dam
A．It decreased the frequency of storms. B．It protected seaside areas from threats.
C．It slowed down the rise in sea level. D．It prevented the river-ocean interaction.
2．Why do waves increase where there are seaside dams
A．Seaside dams extend the lasting time of waves. B．Seaside dams stop rivers from reaching the sea.
C．Seaside dams change the directions of waves. D．Seaside dams decrease the length of a basin.
3．What was Steven Dykstra worried about
A．Seaside floods weren’t taken seriously by people. B．The impact of floods was widespread.
C．Dams contributed to the occurrence of flooding. D．Floods by the sea were difficult to prevent.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．Seaside Dams Are Less Useful at Seaside Areas B．Seaside Surges Impact More than Seaside
C．Seaside Dams Can Worsen Flood D．The Latest Model Arises New Concerns
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，用于防洪的沿海大坝可能因海湾形状和涨潮时间等因素，导致洪水更加严重，这挑战了沿海大坝作为有效防洪措施的传统认知。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events.(建造海滨水坝以防止洪水的常见做法实际上可能导致更严重的海滨洪水事件)”可知，人们过去认为沿海大坝可以保护沿海地区免受威胁。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. Dams can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge event and the shape of the basin. Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland.(通过分析南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿港的数据，研究人员发现，海边水坝不一定能减少洪水。大坝可以增加或减少洪水的风险，这取决于诸如浪涌事件的时间长短和盆地的形状等因素。该研究的主要作者史蒂文·戴克斯特拉指出，盆地的形状可能会导致风暴潮增加，而不是像人们预期的那样在向内陆移动时减少)”可知，沿海大坝改变了海湾的形状，导致风暴潮的波浪在特定时间下会聚集并变大。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods.(戴克斯特拉强调，人们可能没有意识到自己身处受海边影响的地区。海平面的上升使那些遥远的内陆地区意识到他们对海边影响的弱点，通常是通过大规模的洪水)”可推知，他担心的是沿海的洪水没有提前引起人们足够的重视。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events.(发表在《地球物理研究杂志》上的一项新研究揭示了一个令人惊讶的发现。建造海滨水坝以防止洪水的常见做法实际上可能导致更严重的海滨洪水事件)”可知，文章主要说明了一项新的研究表明，用于防洪的沿海大坝可能因海湾形状和涨潮时间等因素，导致洪水更加严重，这挑战了沿海大坝作为有效防洪措施的传统认知。由此可知，C选项“海滨水坝会加剧洪水”最符合文章标题。故选C。
B
It was supposed to be an exciting adventure with my best friend Josh. We were hiking when the disaster struck. A boulder (巨石) suddenly shifted and crushed my leg beneath it. Extreme pain shot through my body. “Josh! Help!” I screamed, my voice trembling with panic.
Josh reacted instantly. But no matter what he tried, the boulder didn’t show the slightest movement. “Hold on! We’ll get help!” He said, grabbing his phone. He called emergency services and told the operator where we were. But we were kilometers from the nearest road, too far for rescue team to reach soon.
The hours passed slowly. The boulder hadn’t just crushed me, but it had knocked over almost all the water we carried. As the sun went down, the temperature dropped to near freezing. I trembled uncontrollably and sank into despair, but Josh kept encouraging me firmly. “Don’t lose hope!” He said, “We’ll get through this!” He gathered all the clothing he’d brought and piled them onto me. Then he collected wood and built a small fire, keeping it burning while we waited under the black, starless sky. Just when I thought we might not survive the night, the glow of rescuers’ headlamps appeared on the distant hillside.
The rescuers came on foot, driving to the closest spot they could find and then hiking in. Burdened by enormous packs and heavy tools, they moved through the darkness — every step a risk. Seeing the rescuers face to face allowed me to relax. After I’d been trapped for about five hours, they managed to pull my leg out from under the boulder.
But they delivered discouraging news: it was too dangerous to take me off the mountain in the dark. We must wait for the helicopter. Soon, I heard the distant sound of a helicopter. But despair returned when it flew away without stopping. Watching it disappear behind the hills, I feared my last hope was gone.
However, the rescue team never gave up, working tirelessly. They kept trying until finding a Navy helicopter crew brave enough to attempt our dangerous night-time rescue. The helicopter rushed me to the hospital, where doctors saved my life after multiple surgeries.
During my recovery, I had plenty of time to reflect. I was deeply grateful to everyone who not only gave me a second chance at life but also inspired me a lot. Their perseverance lighted my way through challenges. Three months after the accident. I found myself standing on the hiking trail once again, which was extremely tough for me. At one point, I wanted to stop. But I didn’t. I took another step. Then another. I would go slow, but I would keep going.
5．What did Josh do after the disaster had struck
A．He continuously tried to move the boulder.
B．He left to find the nearest road for help.
C．He built a shelter to keep the author warm.
D．He gave first aid to the author’s injured leg.
6．What difficulty did the author experience while waiting for rescue
A．Losing consciousness due to extreme pain and blood loss.
B．Losing all drinking water supplies for the entire night.
C．Suffering from extreme cold as the temperature dropped.
D．Being unable to contact emergency services directly.
7．During the rescue operation, the rescuers ______.
A．reached the accident site at once
B．had to hike with heavy equipment
C．felt relaxed after relieving the author’s leg
D．came along with a medical team
8．What can we infer from the helicopter’s first attempt
A．The situation was too dangerous for the night-time rescue.
B．The helicopter couldn’t land safely due to the bad weather.
C．The author’s injuries were too severe to be moved by air.
D．The pilot failed to locate them in the darkness.
9．The author writes the text mainly to _____.
A．warn readers about the potential dangers of hiking in remote areas
B．provide medical advice for wilderness emergencies
C．describe the technical challenges of wilderness rescue operations
D．remind readers not to give up no matter what difficulties they face
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与朋友Josh徒步时遭遇巨石压腿事故，在等待救援过程中历经艰难，最终获救并从中感悟到永不放弃精神的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Josh reacted instantly. But no matter what he tried, the boulder didn’t show the slightest movement. (但不管他怎么努力，巨石都没有丝毫移动。)”可知，Josh在立即做出反应，不断尝试移动巨石。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“As the sun went down, the temperature dropped to near freezing. I trembled uncontrollably and sank into despair, but Josh kept encouraging me firmly. (随着太阳落山，气温降至接近冰点。我无法控制地颤抖着，陷入了绝望，但乔希一直坚定地鼓励我。)”可知，作者在等待救援时经历了极度的寒冷。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“The rescuers came on foot, driving to the closest spot they could find and then hiking in. Burdened by enormous packs and heavy tools, they moved through the darkness — every step a risk. (救援人员步行前来，开车到他们能找到的最近的地方，然后徒步进入。他们背着巨大的背包和沉重的工具，在黑暗中前行——每一步都是冒险。)”可知，救援人员在徒步进入事故现场时携带了沉重的设备。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“But they delivered discouraging news: it was too dangerous to take me off the mountain in the dark. (但他们带来了令人沮丧的消息：在黑暗中把我从山上救下来太危险了。)”可知，直升机第一次尝试救援时没有停下来，是因为夜间救援太危险了。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者经历事故被困，在救援人员和朋友帮助下最终获救的故事。再结合最后一段最后三句“But I didn’t. I took another step. Then another. I would go slow, but I would keep going. (但我没有。我又迈出了一步。接着又一步。我会走得很慢，但我会继续前进。)”可知，作者在康复后决定重新踏上徒步小径，尽管过程艰难，但他没有放弃，而是继续前行。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提醒读者无论遇到什么困难都不要放弃。故选D项。
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good communication isn’t just about the words we say. Our body language, the non-verbal signals we send, is equally important. It can help us build trust, look confident, and connect better with others. 10 .
Keep an open stance(姿态). Stand or sit straight with your shoulders loose and legs a bit apart. 11 . Don’t cross your arms or legs, as it can make you seem defensive. Let your arms hang naturally to look friendly. Make eye contact about 60-70% of the time to show you’re interested.
Use hand gestures carefully. 12 . Use clear hand movements, like opening your hands upward, to make important points stand out. Don’t fidget(坐立不安), like touching your face or clothes, as it shows you’re nervous. As you talk, use your hands to emphasize what you’re saying, or draw people’s attention to a certain area.
13 . Your face can show a lot of feelings. A real smile makes you seem warm and easy to talk to. Be careful of small expressions on your face. Don’t raise your eyebrows too much, as it can make you seem angry or doubtful. Nodding your head a bit when others are talking to you shows that you’re listening.
Try to understand other people’s body language. Notice signs of stress, such as crossed arms or tapping feet. A relaxed body and open hands usually mean someone is calm. 14 , like shifting restlessly in their seat or checking the time. Understanding these helps you talk to them better.
By practicing these, you can become much better at non-verbal communication. This will help you build better relationships, and have more influence in your life.
A．This shows you’re confident
B．Learn to use facial expressions well
C．Cross your arms to show you are in control
D．Look for signs that someone is not interested
E．Nodding your head a lot can make you seem impatient
F．Hand movements can change how your message is received
G．Here are four simple ways to get better at non-verbal communication
【答案】10．G 11．A 12．F 13．B 14．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了非语言沟通（身体语言）的重要性，并从保持开放姿态、谨慎使用手势、善用面部表情、理解他人身体语言四个方面给出提升非语言沟通能力的方法。
10．根据上文“Good communication isn’t just about the words we say. Our body language, the non-verbal signals we send, is equally important. It can help us build trust, look confident, and connect better with others.(良好的沟通不仅仅是我们所说的话。我们的肢体语言，即我们发出的非语言信号，同样重要。它可以帮助我们建立信任，看起来自信，并更好地与他人联系)”可知上文提到了肢体语言很重要，可推理出此处是在引出关于肢体语言沟通的话题，与G项“Here are four simple ways to get better at non-verbal communication(这里有四个提高非语言沟通能力的简单方法)”相呼应，起到承上启下的作用，故选G项。
11．根据上文“Keep an open stance(姿态). Stand or sit straight with your shoulders loose and legs a bit apart.(保持开放的姿态。站直或坐直，肩膀放松，双腿稍微分开)”以及下文“Don’t cross your arms or legs, as it can make you seem defensive. Let your arms hang naturally to look friendly.(不要交叉双臂或双腿，因为这会让你看起来有防御性。让手臂自然下垂看起来更友好)”可知上下文说的是正确的做法，可推理出空白处表达的是正确的姿势的好处，与A项“This shows you’re confident(这表明你很自信)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
12．根据上文“Use hand gestures carefully.(小心使用手势)”以及下文“Use clear hand movements, like opening your hands upward, to make important points stand out. Don’t fidget(坐立不安), like touching your face or clothes, as it shows you’re nervous. As you talk, use your hands to emphasize what you’re saying, or draw people’s attention to a certain area.(使用清晰的手部动作，比如向上张开双手，让重点突出。不要坐立不安，比如摸脸或衣服，因为这表明你很紧张。当你说话时，用你的手来强调你所说的话，或者把人们的注意力吸引到某个区域)”可知上文说的是要正确地使用手部动作，可推理出此处说的是手部动作会影响信息传达的效果，与F项“Hand movements can change how your message is received(手部动作可以改变你的信息被接收的方式)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
13．根据下文“Your face can show a lot of feelings. A real smile makes you seem warm and easy to talk to. Be careful of small expressions on your face. Don’t raise your eyebrows too much, as it can make you seem angry or doubtful. Nodding your head a bit when others are talking to you shows that you’re listening.(你的脸可以表现出很多情感。一个真诚的微笑会让你看起来很温暖，很容易交谈。注意脸上的小表情。不要过度扬眉，因为这会让你看起来生气或怀疑。当别人和你说话时，稍微点头表明你在听)”可知下文说的是正确的面部表情会带来积极的效果，而不恰当的面部表情会让你看起来生气或怀疑，可推理出空白处说的是要正确地使用面部表情，与B项“Learn to use facial expressions well(学会很好地使用面部表情)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
14．根据上文“Try to understand other people’s body language. Notice signs of stress, such as crossed arms or tapping feet. A relaxed body and open hands usually mean someone is calm.(试着理解别人的肢体语言。注意压力的迹象，比如交叉双臂或跺脚。放松的身体和张开的手通常意味着某人很平静)”以及下文“like shifting restlessly in their seat or checking the time.(比如在座位上不安地挪动或看时间)”可知上文提到了交叉双臂或跺脚，下文提到了在座位上不安地挪动或看时间，可推理出空白处说的是寻找别人不感兴趣的迹象，与D项“Look for signs that someone is not interested(寻找某人不感兴趣的迹象)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
三、完形填空
As a school teacher in Germany, some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities. Sometimes I will have a few overseas students in the 15 whose family are poor. Their German is often rather not standard regardless of they have 16 here for a few years. Some of these students who manage to 17 their three-year study may actually continue to go to school to 18 qualifications so they can attend university.
Over the last few weeks, I have taken three young men aside and given them 19 on how to improve their German such as 20 sports clubs, finding ways to build their vocabulary outside class and 21 language immersion (浸入式) courses. After class, I even took a couple of them to a noticeboard which 22 valuable information on a poster and they were grateful for this little 23 that only took a minute of my time.
I do not get any extra money for 24 this sort of advice. I have sacrificed my break over the years but I feel it is 25 to help the youngsters in a valuable way. If they 26 their exams they will be likely to 27 a home and spend their working life here.
It makes me 28 to share my knowledge as a language teacher and spread those 29 ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life.
15．A．school B．class C．factory D．company
16．A．lay B．slept C．kept D．lived
17．A．complete B．take C．receive D．owe
18．A．seize B．ask C．attain D．beg
19．A．tips B．ideas C．money D．time
20．A．improving B．enjoying C．playing D．joining
21．A．picking B．learning C．recommending D．noticing
22．A．wrote B．displayed C．recited D．sent
23．A．work B．test C．mark D．question
24．A．refusing B．selling C．offering D．sharing
25．A．possible B．natural C．pitiful D．important
26．A．get B．pass C．have D．win
27．A．gave away B．return to C．set up D．end up
28．A．happy B．tired C．puzzled D．regretful
29．A．surprising B．kind C．joyful D．interesting
【答案】
15．B 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位德国教师在课堂上帮助不同国籍的贫困学生提高德语水平的故事。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我的班级里会有几个家庭贫困的留学生。A. school学校；B. class班级；C. factory工厂；D. company公司。根据前文“As a school teacher in Germany, some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities.”可知，此处指作者的班级里会有几个家庭贫困的留学生。故选B。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们在这里已经住了好几年了，但他们的德语往往相当不标准。A. lay放置；B. slept睡觉；C. kept保持；D. lived居住。根据前文“some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities”和后文“here for a few years”可知，此处指这些外国学生在这里已经住了好几年了。故选D。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一些设法完成三年学业的学生实际上可能会继续上学以获得资格，这样他们就可以上大学了。A. complete完成；B. take拿走；C. receive收到；D. owe欠。根据后文“their three-year study”可知，此处指完成三年学业的学生。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. seize抓住；B. ask问；C. attain获得；D. beg乞求。根据后文“qualifications so they can attend university”可知，此处指获得资格，以便上大学。故选C。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几周里，我把三个年轻人叫到一边，给他们一些提高德语水平的建议，比如加入体育俱乐部，寻找课外增加词汇量的方法，以及学习语言沉浸式课程。A. tips建议；B. ideas想法；C. money钱；D. time时间。根据后文“on how to improve their German”可知，此处指作者给三个年轻人一些提高德语水平的建议。故选A。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. improving提高；B. enjoying享受；C. playing玩；D. joining加入。根据后文“sports clubs”可知，此处指加入体育俱乐部。故选D。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. picking挑选；B. learning学习；C. recommending推荐；D. noticing注意到。根据后文“language immersion (浸入式) courses”可知，此处指学习语言沉浸式课程。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：课后，我甚至带他们中的两个人去了一个布告栏，上面张贴着一张海报上的重要信息，他们很感激我花了一分钟时间给他们这个小帮助的作为。A. wrote写；B. displayed张贴；C. recited背诵；D. sent发送。根据前文“a noticeboard”以及后文“valuable information on a poster”可知，此处指布告栏上张贴着一张海报上的重要信息。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. work工作，作为；B. test测试；C. mark分数；D. question问题。根据前文“I even took a couple of them to a noticeboard”和“valuable information on a poster”可知，此处指老师带学生看布告栏这一作为。故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：提供这样的建议，我得不到任何额外的报酬。A. refusing拒绝；B. selling卖；C. offering提供；D. sharing分享。根据后文“this sort of advice”可知，此处指作者提供这样的建议。故选C。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我牺牲了自己的休息时间，但我觉得以一种有价值的方式帮助年轻人是很重要的。A. possible可能的；B. natural自然的；C. pitiful可怜的；D. important重要的。根据后文“to help the youngsters in a valuable way”可知，此处指作者觉得以一种有价值的方式帮助年轻人是很重要的。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们通过了考试，他们很可能会建立家庭，在这里度过他们的工作生涯。A. get得到；B. pass通过；C. have有；D. win赢得。根据后文“their exams”可知，此处指学生们通过考试。故选B。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. gave away赠送；B. return to返回；C. set up建立；D. end up结束。根据后文“a home and spend their working life here”可知，此处指如果他们通过了考试，他们很可能会在这里建立家庭，度过他们的工作生涯。故选C。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名语言教师，分享我的知识，并在日常生活中传播这些善意的涟漪，让我感到快乐。A. happy快乐的；B. tired疲惫的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据后文“to share my knowledge as a language teacher and spread those 15 ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life”可知，此处指分享知识，并在日常生活中传播善意的涟漪，让作者感到快乐。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. kind善良的；C. joyful快乐的；D. interesting有趣的。根据前文“I feel it is 11 to help the youngsters in a valuable way”以及后文“ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life”可知，此处指在日常生活中传播善意的涟漪。故选B。
四．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects are becoming difficult 30 (preserve) as Mandarin (普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public places.
31 (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign students decided to do something. Parker, a linguistics (语言学) student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 32 multiple languages, has lived in Beijing for years. Together, they started a project which later 33 (become) a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, 34 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
What you’re bound to notice on the Phonemica website is the 35 (present) of a large map which shows various dialects across China. In certain 36 (area), there are uploads of recordings of dialects which visitors to the site can listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 37 (tell) a story in their various dialects.
Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or professional research, Phoemica records ordinary people, helping create an oral history of Asia. The website’s detailed information about speakers, including ethnic background and education, makes it more engaging and 38 (access) than traditional language research platforms, aiming to preserve 39 unique appeal of each dialect.
【答案】
30．to preserve 31．Faced 32．in 33．became 34．where 35．presence 36．areas 37．telling 38．accessible 39．the
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍Phonemica网站，展示了两位外国学生如何通过现代技术手段保护中国丰富的方言文化。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，随着普通话在学校和公共场所越来越受欢迎，这些方言变得越来越难以保护。“主语+be+形容词+to do”是固定结构，在该结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to preserve。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这个问题，两位热爱语言的外国学生决定做点什么。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面临，面对”，空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词face与句子的主语two language-loving foreign students之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Faced。
32．考查介词。句意：帕克是一名语言学专业的学生，研究中国方言，而汉森精通多种语言，已经在北京生活多年。be fluent in是固定搭配，表示“在……方面流利；精通……”，这里说汉森精通多种语言。故填in。
33．考查动词时态。句意：他们一起启动了一个项目，这个项目后来变成了一个名为“乡音苑”的网站，在这个网站上，收集并展示了那些濒临消失的方言的录音。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据主句的started可知，项目变成网站是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填became。
34．考查定语从句。句意：他们一起启动了一个项目，这个项目后来变成了一个名为“乡音苑”的网站，在这个网站上，收集并展示了那些濒临消失的方言的录音。分析句子结构可知， 5 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a website，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
35．考查名词。句意：你在“乡音苑”网站上一定会注意到有一张大地图，它展示了中国各地的各种方言。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用名词presence作表语，the presence of表示“……的存在”，这里指网站上有一张大地图的存在。故填presence。
36．考查名词复数。句意：在某些地区，有上传的方言录音，网站的访问者可以收听。area是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填areas。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数录音以说方言的人讲故事为特色。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词speakers，动词tell与speakers之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词telling作定语。故填telling。
38．考查形容词。句意：该网站提供了使用者的详细信息，包括种族背景和教育程度，使其比传统的语言研究平台更具吸引力和可访问性，旨在保留每种方言的独特吸引力。根据空格前的makes it more engaging and可知，空格处应该用形容词accessible与形容词engaging并列作补足语。故填accessible。
39．考查冠词。句意：该网站提供了使用者的详细信息，包括种族背景和教育程度，使其比传统的语言研究平台更具吸引力和可访问性，旨在保留每种方言的独特吸引力。appeal在这里表示“魅力”，是特指每种方言的独特魅力，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知你所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心。请你给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况，内容包括：
1．你的家人平安地逃过一劫；
2．该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，200多所房子成为废墟；
3．地震后的救援情况；
4．地震发生后你的感想。
注意：
1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Knowing you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.
Luckily, my family and I survived the quake safe and sound. However, the earthquake did do some damage to our city, in which six people were killed and more than five hundred were seriously injured. Besides, it also made over two hundred houses lie in ruins. Fortunately, our government and rescue workers came to our rescue in time, with a number of medical workers and volunteers providing help to us.
Not only did I feel the warmth of humanity but I also realized that we can certainly get over the disaster if we can unify.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知考生所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心，要求考生按照要求给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担心：be worried about → be anxious about
严重地：seriously → severely
及时：in time → timely
肯定：certainly → undoubtedly
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.
拓展句：Since I know you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.（省略引导词that的宾语从句、运用了which引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】However, the earthquake did do some damage to our city, in which six people were killed and more than five hundred were seriously injured.（运用了“介词in+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With more forests _________ (破坏), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
2．An investigation is underway to find out how the _________(灾难) happened.
3．The room was filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to _________ (呼吸)．
4．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a _________ (营救) team to look for them.
5．It's kind of you to provide the poor boy with food and _________ (避难处)．
6．We shouldn't waste _________ (电) in our daily life.
7．His son finally succeeded after ten years' continuous _________ (努力)．
8．He gave an example of bravery and _________ (智慧)．
9．He has_________ (提供) me with the necessary information.
10．Many companies are _________ (遭受) from a shortage of skilled workers.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He trapped me _________ admitting I had done it.
2．The building _________wall is white is our library.
3．This coat is _________(dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaner's.
4．Each time he delivered a letter _________Mrs Brown, he had to finish his work quite late, because she lived far away.
5．She described in her composition the people and places _________ impressed her most.
6．They were _________at the _________ eruption of the volcano. (shock)
7．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _________ (rise) steadily since 1990.
8．This machine is very easy _________(operate)．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
UNIT 5
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The twins differ from each other in _________ (性格)．
2．What subject did you _________(主修) in when you were in university
3．By no _________(方式) am I satisfied with what you have done.
4．It is a _________(斗争) for me to rid myself of my fears.
5．She is now crazy about _________(古典的) music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert.
6．This is an animal that is _________ (特有的) to this part of Africa.
7．I'd _________ (感激) your writing me back as soon as possible.
8．There are certain _________ (因素) I must consider on my new invention.
9．How do you view the role of women in_________ (全球的) development
10．Despite (尽管) his terrible injuries, he wouldn't give up the struggle for life.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This proverb is based on an old English law _________ (date)back to the 17th century.
2．Here I sincerely express my _________(appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
3．Death rates are down for many cancers in the US. But _________ (global) the disease is rising.
4．Scientists have a fairly negative attitude _________ the theory.
5．He struggled_________ cancer for two years.
6．You should keep the book well for future _________ (refer)．
7．Police have issued a _________ (describe) of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty.
8．By the time we arrived, he _________ (work) for eight hours.
9．I like the film _________(base) on historical facts.
10．The city has a _________(vary) of good stores and supermarkets.
一．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events. Those massive projects are becoming increasingly popular globally. This is in part to prevent the effects of intensifying storms, seawater attack, and sea level rise due to climate change. However, the study challenges the assumption that all of the seaside dams are effective flood prevention measures.
By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. Dams can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge event and the shape of the basin. Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland.
After using Charleston Harbor as a case study, researchers employed computer modeling to assess the flood response at 23 other sites, both dammed and natural. The models confirmed that the basin shape and its shortening by a dam are crucial in determining how storm surges move inland. In dammed environments, waves can accumulate and grow under the right length of time.
Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods. Other contributors to the study included Enrica Viparelli, Alexander Yankovsky, Raymond Torres from the University of South Carolina, and Stefan Talke from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
1．How did people use to view the seaside dam
A．It decreased the frequency of storms. B．It protected seaside areas from threats.
C．It slowed down the rise in sea level. D．It prevented the river-ocean interaction.
2．Why do waves increase where there are seaside dams
A．Seaside dams extend the lasting time of waves
B．Seaside dams stop rivers from reaching the sea.
C．Seaside dams change the directions of waves.
D．Seaside dams decrease the length of a basin.
3．What was Steven Dykstra worried about
A．Seaside floods weren’t taken seriously by people.
B．The impact of floods was widespread.
C．Dams contributed to the occurrence of flooding.
D．Floods by the sea were difficult to prevent.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．Seaside Dams Are Less Useful at Seaside Areas
B．Seaside Surges Impact More than Seaside
C．Seaside Dams Can Worsen Flood
D．The Latest Model Arises New Concerns
B
It was supposed to be an exciting adventure with my best friend Josh. We were hiking when the disaster struck. A boulder (巨石) suddenly shifted and crushed my leg beneath it. Extreme pain shot through my body. “Josh! Help!” I screamed, my voice trembling with panic.
Josh reacted instantly. But no matter what he tried, the boulder didn’t show the slightest movement. “Hold on! We’ll get help!” He said, grabbing his phone. He called emergency services and told the operator where we were. But we were kilometers from the nearest road, too far for rescue team to reach soon.
The hours passed slowly. The boulder hadn’t just crushed me, but it had knocked over almost all the water we carried. As the sun went down, the temperature dropped to near freezing. I trembled uncontrollably and sank into despair, but Josh kept encouraging me firmly. “Don’t lose hope!” He said, “We’ll get through this!” He gathered all the clothing he’d brought and piled them onto me. Then he collected wood and built a small fire, keeping it burning while we waited under the black, starless sky. Just when I thought we might not survive the night, the glow of rescuers’ headlamps appeared on the distant hillside.
The rescuers came on foot, driving to the closest spot they could find and then hiking in. Burdened by enormous packs and heavy tools, they moved through the darkness — every step a risk. Seeing the rescuers face to face allowed me to relax. After I’d been trapped for about five hours, they managed to pull my leg out from under the boulder.
But they delivered discouraging news: it was too dangerous to take me off the mountain in the dark. We must wait for the helicopter. Soon, I heard the distant sound of a helicopter. But despair returned when it flew away without stopping. Watching it disappear behind the hills, I feared my last hope was gone.
However, the rescue team never gave up, working tirelessly. They kept trying until finding a Navy helicopter crew brave enough to attempt our dangerous night-time rescue. The helicopter rushed me to the hospital, where doctors saved my life after multiple surgeries.
During my recovery, I had plenty of time to reflect. I was deeply grateful to everyone who not only gave me a second chance at life but also inspired me a lot. Their perseverance lighted my way through challenges. Three months after the accident. I found myself standing on the hiking trail once again, which was extremely tough for me. At one point, I wanted to stop. But I didn’t. I took another step. Then another. I would go slow, but I would keep going.
5．What did Josh do after the disaster had struck
A．He continuously tried to move the boulder.
B．He left to find the nearest road for help.
C．He built a shelter to keep the author warm.
D．He gave first aid to the author’s injured leg.
6．What difficulty did the author experience while waiting for rescue
A．Losing consciousness due to extreme pain and blood loss.
B．Losing all drinking water supplies for the entire night.
C．Suffering from extreme cold as the temperature dropped.
D．Being unable to contact emergency services directly.
7．During the rescue operation, the rescuers ______.
A．reached the accident site at once
B．had to hike with heavy equipment
C．felt relaxed after relieving the author’s leg
D．came along with a medical team
8．What can we infer from the helicopter’s first attempt
A．The situation was too dangerous for the night-time rescue.
B．The helicopter couldn’t land safely due to the bad weather.
C．The author’s injuries were too severe to be moved by air.
D．The pilot failed to locate them in the darkness.
9．The author writes the text mainly to _____.
A．warn readers about the potential dangers of hiking in remote areas
B．provide medical advice for wilderness emergencies
C．describe the technical challenges of wilderness rescue operations
D．remind readers not to give up no matter what difficulties they face
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good communication isn’t just about the words we say. Our body language, the non-verbal signals we send, is equally important. It can help us build trust, look confident, and connect better with others. 10 .
Keep an open stance(姿态). Stand or sit straight with your shoulders loose and legs a bit apart. 11 . Don’t cross your arms or legs, as it can make you seem defensive. Let your arms hang naturally to look friendly. Make eye contact about 60-70% of the time to show you’re interested.
Use hand gestures carefully. 12 . Use clear hand movements, like opening your hands upward, to make important points stand out. Don’t fidget(坐立不安), like touching your face or clothes, as it shows you’re nervous. As you talk, use your hands to emphasize what you’re saying, or draw people’s attention to a certain area.
13 . Your face can show a lot of feelings. A real smile makes you seem warm and easy to talk to. Be careful of small expressions on your face. Don’t raise your eyebrows too much, as it can make you seem angry or doubtful. Nodding your head a bit when others are talking to you shows that you’re listening.
Try to understand other people’s body language. Notice signs of stress, such as crossed arms or tapping feet. A relaxed body and open hands usually mean someone is calm. 14 , like shifting restlessly in their seat or checking the time. Understanding these helps you talk to them better.
By practicing these, you can become much better at non-verbal communication. This will help you build better relationships, and have more influence in your life.
A．This shows you’re confident
B．Learn to use facial expressions well
C．Cross your arms to show you are in control
D．Look for signs that someone is not interested
E．Nodding your head a lot can make you seem impatient
F．Hand movements can change how your message is received
G．Here are four simple ways to get better at non-verbal communication
三、完形填空
As a school teacher in Germany, some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities. Sometimes I will have a few overseas students in the 15 whose family are poor. Their German is often rather not standard regardless of they have 16 here for a few years. Some of these students who manage to 17 their three-year study may actually continue to go to school to 18 qualifications so they can attend university.
Over the last few weeks, I have taken three young men aside and given them 19 on how to improve their German such as 20 sports clubs, finding ways to build their vocabulary outside class and 21 language immersion (浸入式) courses. After class, I even took a couple of them to a noticeboard which 22 valuable information on a poster and they were grateful for this little 23 that only took a minute of my time.
I do not get any extra money for 24 this sort of advice. I have sacrificed my break over the years but I feel it is 25 to help the youngsters in a valuable way. If they 26 their exams they will be likely to 27 a home and spend their working life here.
It makes me 28 to share my knowledge as a language teacher and spread those 29 ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life.
15．A．school B．class C．factory D．company
16．A．lay B．slept C．kept D．lived
17．A．complete B．take C．receive D．owe
18．A．seize B．ask C．attain D．beg
19．A．tips B．ideas C．money D．time
20．A．improving B．enjoying C．playing D．joining
21．A．picking B．learning C．recommending D．noticing
22．A．wrote B．displayed C．recited D．sent
23．A．work B．test C．mark D．question
24．A．refusing B．selling C．offering D．sharing
25．A．possible B．natural C．pitiful D．important
26．A．get B．pass C．have D．win
27．A．gave away B．return to C．set up D．end up
28．A．happy B．tired C．puzzled D．regretful
29．A．surprising B．kind C．joyful D．interesting
四．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects are becoming difficult 30 (preserve) as Mandarin (普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public places.
31 (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign students decided to do something. Parker, a linguistics (语言学) student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 32 multiple languages, has lived in Beijing for years. Together, they started a project which later 33 (become) a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, 34 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
What you’re bound to notice on the Phonemica website is the 35 (present) of a large map which shows various dialects across China. In certain 36 (area), there are uploads of recordings of dialects which visitors to the site can listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 37 (tell) a story in their various dialects.
Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or professional research, Phoemica records ordinary people, helping create an oral history of Asia. The website’s detailed information about speakers, including ethnic background and education, makes it more engaging and 38 (access) than traditional language research platforms, aiming to preserve 39 unique appeal of each dialect.
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知你所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心。请你给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况，内容包括：
1．你的家人平安地逃过一劫；
2．该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，200多所房子成为废墟；
3．地震后的救援情况；
4．地震发生后你的感想。
注意：
1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
UNIT 4
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With more forests destroyed (破坏), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
2．An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster (灾难) happened.
3．The room was filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to breathe (呼吸)．
4．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.
5．It's kind of you to provide the poor boy with food and shelter (避难处)．
6．We shouldn't waste electricity (电) in our daily life.
7．His son finally succeeded after ten years' continuous effort (努力)．
8．He gave an example of bravery and wisdom (智慧)．
9．He has supplied (提供) me with the necessary information.
10．Many companies are suffering (遭受) from a shortage of skilled workers.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He trapped me into admitting I had done it.
2．The building whose wall is white is our library.
3．This coat is dirty (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaner's.
4．Each time he delivered a letter to Mrs Brown, he had to finish his work quite late, because she lived far away.
5．She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
6．They were shocked at the shocking eruption of the volcano. (shock)
7．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has_been_rising (rise) steadily since 1990.
8．This machine is very easy to_operate (operate)．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
UNIT 5
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The twins differ from each other in character (性格)．
2．What subject did you major (主修) in when you were in university
3．By no means (方式) am I satisfied with what you have done.
4．It is a struggle (斗争) for me to rid myself of my fears.
5．She is now crazy about classical (古典的) music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert.
6．This is an animal that is specific (特有的) to this part of Africa.
7．I'd appreciate (感激) your writing me back as soon as possible.
8．There are certain factors (因素) I must consider on my new invention.
9．How do you view the role of women in global (全球的) development
10．Despite (尽管) his terrible injuries, he wouldn't give up the struggle for life.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This proverb is based on an old English law dating (date)back to the 17th century.
2．Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
3．Death rates are down for many cancers in the US. But globally (global) the disease is rising.
4．Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to/towards the theory.
5．He struggled against cancer for two years.
6．You should keep the book well for future reference (refer)．
7．Police have issued a description (describe) of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty.
8．By the time we arrived, he had_worked (work) for eight hours.
9．I like the film based (base) on historical facts.
10．The city has a variety (vary) of good stores and supermarkets.
一．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events. Those massive projects are becoming increasingly popular globally. This is in part to prevent the effects of intensifying storms, seawater attack, and sea level rise due to climate change. However, the study challenges the assumption that all of the seaside dams are effective flood prevention measures.
By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. Dams can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge event and the shape of the basin. Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland.
After using Charleston Harbor as a case study, researchers employed computer modeling to assess the flood response at 23 other sites, both dammed and natural. The models confirmed that the basin shape and its shortening by a dam are crucial in determining how storm surges move inland. In dammed environments, waves can accumulate and grow under the right length of time.
Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods. Other contributors to the study included Enrica Viparelli, Alexander Yankovsky, Raymond Torres from the University of South Carolina, and Stefan Talke from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
1．How did people use to view the seaside dam
A．It decreased the frequency of storms. B．It protected seaside areas from threats.
C．It slowed down the rise in sea level. D．It prevented the river-ocean interaction.
2．Why do waves increase where there are seaside dams
A．Seaside dams extend the lasting time of waves. B．Seaside dams stop rivers from reaching the sea.
C．Seaside dams change the directions of waves. D．Seaside dams decrease the length of a basin.
3．What was Steven Dykstra worried about
A．Seaside floods weren’t taken seriously by people. B．The impact of floods was widespread.
C．Dams contributed to the occurrence of flooding. D．Floods by the sea were difficult to prevent.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．Seaside Dams Are Less Useful at Seaside Areas B．Seaside Surges Impact More than Seaside
C．Seaside Dams Can Worsen Flood D．The Latest Model Arises New Concerns
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，用于防洪的沿海大坝可能因海湾形状和涨潮时间等因素，导致洪水更加严重，这挑战了沿海大坝作为有效防洪措施的传统认知。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events.(建造海滨水坝以防止洪水的常见做法实际上可能导致更严重的海滨洪水事件)”可知，人们过去认为沿海大坝可以保护沿海地区免受威胁。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. Dams can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge event and the shape of the basin. Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland.(通过分析南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿港的数据，研究人员发现，海边水坝不一定能减少洪水。大坝可以增加或减少洪水的风险，这取决于诸如浪涌事件的时间长短和盆地的形状等因素。该研究的主要作者史蒂文·戴克斯特拉指出，盆地的形状可能会导致风暴潮增加，而不是像人们预期的那样在向内陆移动时减少)”可知，沿海大坝改变了海湾的形状，导致风暴潮的波浪在特定时间下会聚集并变大。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods.(戴克斯特拉强调，人们可能没有意识到自己身处受海边影响的地区。海平面的上升使那些遥远的内陆地区意识到他们对海边影响的弱点，通常是通过大规模的洪水)”可推知，他担心的是沿海的洪水没有提前引起人们足够的重视。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events.(发表在《地球物理研究杂志》上的一项新研究揭示了一个令人惊讶的发现。建造海滨水坝以防止洪水的常见做法实际上可能导致更严重的海滨洪水事件)”可知，文章主要说明了一项新的研究表明，用于防洪的沿海大坝可能因海湾形状和涨潮时间等因素，导致洪水更加严重，这挑战了沿海大坝作为有效防洪措施的传统认知。由此可知，C选项“海滨水坝会加剧洪水”最符合文章标题。故选C。
B
It was supposed to be an exciting adventure with my best friend Josh. We were hiking when the disaster struck. A boulder (巨石) suddenly shifted and crushed my leg beneath it. Extreme pain shot through my body. “Josh! Help!” I screamed, my voice trembling with panic.
Josh reacted instantly. But no matter what he tried, the boulder didn’t show the slightest movement. “Hold on! We’ll get help!” He said, grabbing his phone. He called emergency services and told the operator where we were. But we were kilometers from the nearest road, too far for rescue team to reach soon.
The hours passed slowly. The boulder hadn’t just crushed me, but it had knocked over almost all the water we carried. As the sun went down, the temperature dropped to near freezing. I trembled uncontrollably and sank into despair, but Josh kept encouraging me firmly. “Don’t lose hope!” He said, “We’ll get through this!” He gathered all the clothing he’d brought and piled them onto me. Then he collected wood and built a small fire, keeping it burning while we waited under the black, starless sky. Just when I thought we might not survive the night, the glow of rescuers’ headlamps appeared on the distant hillside.
The rescuers came on foot, driving to the closest spot they could find and then hiking in. Burdened by enormous packs and heavy tools, they moved through the darkness — every step a risk. Seeing the rescuers face to face allowed me to relax. After I’d been trapped for about five hours, they managed to pull my leg out from under the boulder.
But they delivered discouraging news: it was too dangerous to take me off the mountain in the dark. We must wait for the helicopter. Soon, I heard the distant sound of a helicopter. But despair returned when it flew away without stopping. Watching it disappear behind the hills, I feared my last hope was gone.
However, the rescue team never gave up, working tirelessly. They kept trying until finding a Navy helicopter crew brave enough to attempt our dangerous night-time rescue. The helicopter rushed me to the hospital, where doctors saved my life after multiple surgeries.
During my recovery, I had plenty of time to reflect. I was deeply grateful to everyone who not only gave me a second chance at life but also inspired me a lot. Their perseverance lighted my way through challenges. Three months after the accident. I found myself standing on the hiking trail once again, which was extremely tough for me. At one point, I wanted to stop. But I didn’t. I took another step. Then another. I would go slow, but I would keep going.
5．What did Josh do after the disaster had struck
A．He continuously tried to move the boulder.
B．He left to find the nearest road for help.
C．He built a shelter to keep the author warm.
D．He gave first aid to the author’s injured leg.
6．What difficulty did the author experience while waiting for rescue
A．Losing consciousness due to extreme pain and blood loss.
B．Losing all drinking water supplies for the entire night.
C．Suffering from extreme cold as the temperature dropped.
D．Being unable to contact emergency services directly.
7．During the rescue operation, the rescuers ______.
A．reached the accident site at once
B．had to hike with heavy equipment
C．felt relaxed after relieving the author’s leg
D．came along with a medical team
8．What can we infer from the helicopter’s first attempt
A．The situation was too dangerous for the night-time rescue.
B．The helicopter couldn’t land safely due to the bad weather.
C．The author’s injuries were too severe to be moved by air.
D．The pilot failed to locate them in the darkness.
9．The author writes the text mainly to _____.
A．warn readers about the potential dangers of hiking in remote areas
B．provide medical advice for wilderness emergencies
C．describe the technical challenges of wilderness rescue operations
D．remind readers not to give up no matter what difficulties they face
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与朋友Josh徒步时遭遇巨石压腿事故，在等待救援过程中历经艰难，最终获救并从中感悟到永不放弃精神的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Josh reacted instantly. But no matter what he tried, the boulder didn’t show the slightest movement. (但不管他怎么努力，巨石都没有丝毫移动。)”可知，Josh在立即做出反应，不断尝试移动巨石。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“As the sun went down, the temperature dropped to near freezing. I trembled uncontrollably and sank into despair, but Josh kept encouraging me firmly. (随着太阳落山，气温降至接近冰点。我无法控制地颤抖着，陷入了绝望，但乔希一直坚定地鼓励我。)”可知，作者在等待救援时经历了极度的寒冷。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“The rescuers came on foot, driving to the closest spot they could find and then hiking in. Burdened by enormous packs and heavy tools, they moved through the darkness — every step a risk. (救援人员步行前来，开车到他们能找到的最近的地方，然后徒步进入。他们背着巨大的背包和沉重的工具，在黑暗中前行——每一步都是冒险。)”可知，救援人员在徒步进入事故现场时携带了沉重的设备。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“But they delivered discouraging news: it was too dangerous to take me off the mountain in the dark. (但他们带来了令人沮丧的消息：在黑暗中把我从山上救下来太危险了。)”可知，直升机第一次尝试救援时没有停下来，是因为夜间救援太危险了。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者经历事故被困，在救援人员和朋友帮助下最终获救的故事。再结合最后一段最后三句“But I didn’t. I took another step. Then another. I would go slow, but I would keep going. (但我没有。我又迈出了一步。接着又一步。我会走得很慢，但我会继续前进。)”可知，作者在康复后决定重新踏上徒步小径，尽管过程艰难，但他没有放弃，而是继续前行。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提醒读者无论遇到什么困难都不要放弃。故选D项。
二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good communication isn’t just about the words we say. Our body language, the non-verbal signals we send, is equally important. It can help us build trust, look confident, and connect better with others. 10 .
Keep an open stance(姿态). Stand or sit straight with your shoulders loose and legs a bit apart. 11 . Don’t cross your arms or legs, as it can make you seem defensive. Let your arms hang naturally to look friendly. Make eye contact about 60-70% of the time to show you’re interested.
Use hand gestures carefully. 12 . Use clear hand movements, like opening your hands upward, to make important points stand out. Don’t fidget(坐立不安), like touching your face or clothes, as it shows you’re nervous. As you talk, use your hands to emphasize what you’re saying, or draw people’s attention to a certain area.
13 . Your face can show a lot of feelings. A real smile makes you seem warm and easy to talk to. Be careful of small expressions on your face. Don’t raise your eyebrows too much, as it can make you seem angry or doubtful. Nodding your head a bit when others are talking to you shows that you’re listening.
Try to understand other people’s body language. Notice signs of stress, such as crossed arms or tapping feet. A relaxed body and open hands usually mean someone is calm. 14 , like shifting restlessly in their seat or checking the time. Understanding these helps you talk to them better.
By practicing these, you can become much better at non-verbal communication. This will help you build better relationships, and have more influence in your life.
A．This shows you’re confident
B．Learn to use facial expressions well
C．Cross your arms to show you are in control
D．Look for signs that someone is not interested
E．Nodding your head a lot can make you seem impatient
F．Hand movements can change how your message is received
G．Here are four simple ways to get better at non-verbal communication
【答案】10．G 11．A 12．F 13．B 14．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了非语言沟通（身体语言）的重要性，并从保持开放姿态、谨慎使用手势、善用面部表情、理解他人身体语言四个方面给出提升非语言沟通能力的方法。
10．根据上文“Good communication isn’t just about the words we say. Our body language, the non-verbal signals we send, is equally important. It can help us build trust, look confident, and connect better with others.(良好的沟通不仅仅是我们所说的话。我们的肢体语言，即我们发出的非语言信号，同样重要。它可以帮助我们建立信任，看起来自信，并更好地与他人联系)”可知上文提到了肢体语言很重要，可推理出此处是在引出关于肢体语言沟通的话题，与G项“Here are four simple ways to get better at non-verbal communication(这里有四个提高非语言沟通能力的简单方法)”相呼应，起到承上启下的作用，故选G项。
11．根据上文“Keep an open stance(姿态). Stand or sit straight with your shoulders loose and legs a bit apart.(保持开放的姿态。站直或坐直，肩膀放松，双腿稍微分开)”以及下文“Don’t cross your arms or legs, as it can make you seem defensive. Let your arms hang naturally to look friendly.(不要交叉双臂或双腿，因为这会让你看起来有防御性。让手臂自然下垂看起来更友好)”可知上下文说的是正确的做法，可推理出空白处表达的是正确的姿势的好处，与A项“This shows you’re confident(这表明你很自信)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
12．根据上文“Use hand gestures carefully.(小心使用手势)”以及下文“Use clear hand movements, like opening your hands upward, to make important points stand out. Don’t fidget(坐立不安), like touching your face or clothes, as it shows you’re nervous. As you talk, use your hands to emphasize what you’re saying, or draw people’s attention to a certain area.(使用清晰的手部动作，比如向上张开双手，让重点突出。不要坐立不安，比如摸脸或衣服，因为这表明你很紧张。当你说话时，用你的手来强调你所说的话，或者把人们的注意力吸引到某个区域)”可知上文说的是要正确地使用手部动作，可推理出此处说的是手部动作会影响信息传达的效果，与F项“Hand movements can change how your message is received(手部动作可以改变你的信息被接收的方式)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
13．根据下文“Your face can show a lot of feelings. A real smile makes you seem warm and easy to talk to. Be careful of small expressions on your face. Don’t raise your eyebrows too much, as it can make you seem angry or doubtful. Nodding your head a bit when others are talking to you shows that you’re listening.(你的脸可以表现出很多情感。一个真诚的微笑会让你看起来很温暖，很容易交谈。注意脸上的小表情。不要过度扬眉，因为这会让你看起来生气或怀疑。当别人和你说话时，稍微点头表明你在听)”可知下文说的是正确的面部表情会带来积极的效果，而不恰当的面部表情会让你看起来生气或怀疑，可推理出空白处说的是要正确地使用面部表情，与B项“Learn to use facial expressions well(学会很好地使用面部表情)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
14．根据上文“Try to understand other people’s body language. Notice signs of stress, such as crossed arms or tapping feet. A relaxed body and open hands usually mean someone is calm.(试着理解别人的肢体语言。注意压力的迹象，比如交叉双臂或跺脚。放松的身体和张开的手通常意味着某人很平静)”以及下文“like shifting restlessly in their seat or checking the time.(比如在座位上不安地挪动或看时间)”可知上文提到了交叉双臂或跺脚，下文提到了在座位上不安地挪动或看时间，可推理出空白处说的是寻找别人不感兴趣的迹象，与D项“Look for signs that someone is not interested(寻找某人不感兴趣的迹象)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
三、完形填空
As a school teacher in Germany, some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities. Sometimes I will have a few overseas students in the 15 whose family are poor. Their German is often rather not standard regardless of they have 16 here for a few years. Some of these students who manage to 17 their three-year study may actually continue to go to school to 18 qualifications so they can attend university.
Over the last few weeks, I have taken three young men aside and given them 19 on how to improve their German such as 20 sports clubs, finding ways to build their vocabulary outside class and 21 language immersion (浸入式) courses. After class, I even took a couple of them to a noticeboard which 22 valuable information on a poster and they were grateful for this little 23 that only took a minute of my time.
I do not get any extra money for 24 this sort of advice. I have sacrificed my break over the years but I feel it is 25 to help the youngsters in a valuable way. If they 26 their exams they will be likely to 27 a home and spend their working life here.
It makes me 28 to share my knowledge as a language teacher and spread those 29 ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life.
15．A．school B．class C．factory D．company
16．A．lay B．slept C．kept D．lived
17．A．complete B．take C．receive D．owe
18．A．seize B．ask C．attain D．beg
19．A．tips B．ideas C．money D．time
20．A．improving B．enjoying C．playing D．joining
21．A．picking B．learning C．recommending D．noticing
22．A．wrote B．displayed C．recited D．sent
23．A．work B．test C．mark D．question
24．A．refusing B．selling C．offering D．sharing
25．A．possible B．natural C．pitiful D．important
26．A．get B．pass C．have D．win
27．A．gave away B．return to C．set up D．end up
28．A．happy B．tired C．puzzled D．regretful
29．A．surprising B．kind C．joyful D．interesting
【答案】
15．B 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位德国教师在课堂上帮助不同国籍的贫困学生提高德语水平的故事。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我的班级里会有几个家庭贫困的留学生。A. school学校；B. class班级；C. factory工厂；D. company公司。根据前文“As a school teacher in Germany, some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities.”可知，此处指作者的班级里会有几个家庭贫困的留学生。故选B。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们在这里已经住了好几年了，但他们的德语往往相当不标准。A. lay放置；B. slept睡觉；C. kept保持；D. lived居住。根据前文“some of my classes are filled with students of different nationalities”和后文“here for a few years”可知，此处指这些外国学生在这里已经住了好几年了。故选D。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一些设法完成三年学业的学生实际上可能会继续上学以获得资格，这样他们就可以上大学了。A. complete完成；B. take拿走；C. receive收到；D. owe欠。根据后文“their three-year study”可知，此处指完成三年学业的学生。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. seize抓住；B. ask问；C. attain获得；D. beg乞求。根据后文“qualifications so they can attend university”可知，此处指获得资格，以便上大学。故选C。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几周里，我把三个年轻人叫到一边，给他们一些提高德语水平的建议，比如加入体育俱乐部，寻找课外增加词汇量的方法，以及学习语言沉浸式课程。A. tips建议；B. ideas想法；C. money钱；D. time时间。根据后文“on how to improve their German”可知，此处指作者给三个年轻人一些提高德语水平的建议。故选A。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. improving提高；B. enjoying享受；C. playing玩；D. joining加入。根据后文“sports clubs”可知，此处指加入体育俱乐部。故选D。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. picking挑选；B. learning学习；C. recommending推荐；D. noticing注意到。根据后文“language immersion (浸入式) courses”可知，此处指学习语言沉浸式课程。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：课后，我甚至带他们中的两个人去了一个布告栏，上面张贴着一张海报上的重要信息，他们很感激我花了一分钟时间给他们这个小帮助的作为。A. wrote写；B. displayed张贴；C. recited背诵；D. sent发送。根据前文“a noticeboard”以及后文“valuable information on a poster”可知，此处指布告栏上张贴着一张海报上的重要信息。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. work工作，作为；B. test测试；C. mark分数；D. question问题。根据前文“I even took a couple of them to a noticeboard”和“valuable information on a poster”可知，此处指老师带学生看布告栏这一作为。故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：提供这样的建议，我得不到任何额外的报酬。A. refusing拒绝；B. selling卖；C. offering提供；D. sharing分享。根据后文“this sort of advice”可知，此处指作者提供这样的建议。故选C。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我牺牲了自己的休息时间，但我觉得以一种有价值的方式帮助年轻人是很重要的。A. possible可能的；B. natural自然的；C. pitiful可怜的；D. important重要的。根据后文“to help the youngsters in a valuable way”可知，此处指作者觉得以一种有价值的方式帮助年轻人是很重要的。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们通过了考试，他们很可能会建立家庭，在这里度过他们的工作生涯。A. get得到；B. pass通过；C. have有；D. win赢得。根据后文“their exams”可知，此处指学生们通过考试。故选B。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. gave away赠送；B. return to返回；C. set up建立；D. end up结束。根据后文“a home and spend their working life here”可知，此处指如果他们通过了考试，他们很可能会在这里建立家庭，度过他们的工作生涯。故选C。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名语言教师，分享我的知识，并在日常生活中传播这些善意的涟漪，让我感到快乐。A. happy快乐的；B. tired疲惫的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据后文“to share my knowledge as a language teacher and spread those 15 ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life”可知，此处指分享知识，并在日常生活中传播善意的涟漪，让作者感到快乐。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. kind善良的；C. joyful快乐的；D. interesting有趣的。根据前文“I feel it is 11 to help the youngsters in a valuable way”以及后文“ripples (涟漪作用) in everyday life”可知，此处指在日常生活中传播善意的涟漪。故选B。
四．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects are becoming difficult 30 (preserve) as Mandarin (普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public places.
31 (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign students decided to do something. Parker, a linguistics (语言学) student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 32 multiple languages, has lived in Beijing for years. Together, they started a project which later 33 (become) a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, 34 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
What you’re bound to notice on the Phonemica website is the 35 (present) of a large map which shows various dialects across China. In certain 36 (area), there are uploads of recordings of dialects which visitors to the site can listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 37 (tell) a story in their various dialects.
Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or professional research, Phoemica records ordinary people, helping create an oral history of Asia. The website’s detailed information about speakers, including ethnic background and education, makes it more engaging and 38 (access) than traditional language research platforms, aiming to preserve 39 unique appeal of each dialect.
【答案】
30．to preserve 31．Faced 32．in 33．became 34．where 35．presence 36．areas 37．telling 38．accessible 39．the
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍Phonemica网站，展示了两位外国学生如何通过现代技术手段保护中国丰富的方言文化。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，随着普通话在学校和公共场所越来越受欢迎，这些方言变得越来越难以保护。“主语+be+形容词+to do”是固定结构，在该结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to preserve。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这个问题，两位热爱语言的外国学生决定做点什么。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面临，面对”，空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词face与句子的主语two language-loving foreign students之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Faced。
32．考查介词。句意：帕克是一名语言学专业的学生，研究中国方言，而汉森精通多种语言，已经在北京生活多年。be fluent in是固定搭配，表示“在……方面流利；精通……”，这里说汉森精通多种语言。故填in。
33．考查动词时态。句意：他们一起启动了一个项目，这个项目后来变成了一个名为“乡音苑”的网站，在这个网站上，收集并展示了那些濒临消失的方言的录音。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据主句的started可知，项目变成网站是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填became。
34．考查定语从句。句意：他们一起启动了一个项目，这个项目后来变成了一个名为“乡音苑”的网站，在这个网站上，收集并展示了那些濒临消失的方言的录音。分析句子结构可知， 5 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a website，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
35．考查名词。句意：你在“乡音苑”网站上一定会注意到有一张大地图，它展示了中国各地的各种方言。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用名词presence作表语，the presence of表示“……的存在”，这里指网站上有一张大地图的存在。故填presence。
36．考查名词复数。句意：在某些地区，有上传的方言录音，网站的访问者可以收听。area是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填areas。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数录音以说方言的人讲故事为特色。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词speakers，动词tell与speakers之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词telling作定语。故填telling。
38．考查形容词。句意：该网站提供了使用者的详细信息，包括种族背景和教育程度，使其比传统的语言研究平台更具吸引力和可访问性，旨在保留每种方言的独特吸引力。根据空格前的makes it more engaging and可知，空格处应该用形容词accessible与形容词engaging并列作补足语。故填accessible。
39．考查冠词。句意：该网站提供了使用者的详细信息，包括种族背景和教育程度，使其比传统的语言研究平台更具吸引力和可访问性，旨在保留每种方言的独特吸引力。appeal在这里表示“魅力”，是特指每种方言的独特魅力，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知你所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心。请你给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况，内容包括：
1．你的家人平安地逃过一劫；
2．该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，200多所房子成为废墟；
3．地震后的救援情况；
4．地震发生后你的感想。
注意：
1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Knowing you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.
Luckily, my family and I survived the quake safe and sound. However, the earthquake did do some damage to our city, in which six people were killed and more than five hundred were seriously injured. Besides, it also made over two hundred houses lie in ruins. Fortunately, our government and rescue workers came to our rescue in time, with a number of medical workers and volunteers providing help to us.
Not only did I feel the warmth of humanity but I also realized that we can certainly get over the disaster if we can unify.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知考生所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心，要求考生按照要求给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担心：be worried about → be anxious about
严重地：seriously → severely
及时：in time → timely
肯定：certainly → undoubtedly
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.
拓展句：Since I know you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you are very worried about the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing to tell you some details.（省略引导词that的宾语从句、运用了which引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】However, the earthquake did do some damage to our city, in which six people were killed and more than five hundred were seriously injured.（运用了“介词in+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）
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