2025年九年级暑假预习仁爱科普版英语九年级上册Unit4 Amazing Science练习（含答案）

暑假学习
仁爱版英语九年级上册 Unit 4 Amazing Science
一、核心词汇 (Key Vocabulary)
科技与发明
discover /d sk v (r)/ (v. 发现) → discovery (n. 发现) 5.Technology /tek n l d i/ (n. 技术) → high technology (高新技术) 9.spaceship / spe s p/ (n. 宇宙飞船)
2.Invent / n vent/ (v. 发明) → invention (n. 发明) → inventor (n. 发明家) 6.robot / r b t/ (n. 机器人) → robotic (adj. 机器人的) 10.rocket / r k t/ (n. 火箭)
3.create /kri e t/ (v. 创造) → creation (n. 创造物) 7.digital / d d tl/ (adj. 数字的) → digital camera (数码相机) 11.screen /skri n/ (n. 屏幕)
4.develop /d vel p/ (v. 发展；开发) → development (n. 发展) 8.satellite / s t la t/ (n. 卫星) → man-made satellite (人造卫星) 12.control /k n tr l/ (v./n. 控制) → remote control (遥控器)
宇宙探索
1.planet / pl n t/ (n. 行星) →Mars (火星) / Jupiter (木星) 3.galaxy / ɡ l ksi/ (n. 星系) → the Milky Way (银河系) 5.land on (登陆) → The spacecraft landed on the moon.
2.universe / ju n v s/ (n. 宇宙) 4.astronaut / str n t/ (n. 宇航员)
研究探索
1.experiment / k sper m nt/ (n./v. 实验) → do an experiment 3. explore / k spl (r)/ (v. 探索) → exploration (n. 探索)
2. research /r s t / (n./v. 研究) → scientific research 4. theory / θ ri/ (n. 理论) → Einstein’s theory
现代科技
1.smartphone / smɑ tf n/ (n. 智能手机) 3. online / n la n/ (adj./adv. 在线的) → shop online
2.app / p/ (n. 应用程序) 4. download / da n l d/ (v. 下载) upload (上传)
二、 重点句型 (Key Sentence Patterns)
1. 描述发明/发现 (Describing Inventions/Discoveries):
被动语态 (重点！):
E.g. Paper was invented by Chinese people. (纸是由中国人发明的。)
The new robot has been developed by scientists. (新机器人已被科学家开发出来。)
用途表达:
E.g. It is used for... (它被用来做...) → Computers are used for storing information.
It is used to...(它被用来...) → Radios are used to listen to news.
2. 讨论科技影响 (Discussing Impact):
Advantages:
It makes it easier to... (它使...更容易) → The Internet makes it easier to communicate.
It helps us (to)... (它帮助我们...) → Robots help us do dangerous work.
Disadvantages:
It may cause... (它可能导致...) → Too much screen time may cause eye problems.
People depend too much on... (人们过度依赖...)
3. 表达可能性 (Expressing Possibility):
It is possible that... (有可能...)
Humans might live on Mars one day.(人类也许有一天会住在火星上。)
Scientists could find new planets.(科学家可能发现新行星。)
二、核心语法：
(一)被动语态 (Passive Voice)
结构：be + 过去分词 (V-ed/V3)
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are + V3 English is spoken worldwide.
一般过去时 was/were + V3 The telephone was invented by Bell.
现在完成时 have/has been + V3 The spaceship has been sent to Mars.
含情态动词 情态动词 + be + V3 Robots can be controlled remotely.
使用场景：
1. 强调动作承受者（发明物/发现物）:
E.g. The new computer was shown at the exhibition. (电脑被展出 → 强调电脑)
(对比主动语态: They showed the new computer... 强调“他们”)
2. 动作执行者未知或不重要:
E.g. My phone was stolen yesterday. (手机被偷 → 谁偷的不重要)
3. 客观陈述事实/科学真理:
E.g. Plastic is produced from oil.
主动变被动三步法：
1. 原宾语 → 变主语
2. 谓语动词 → 变 “be + 过去分词”（be随新主语时态变化）
3. 原主语 → 变 by + 执行者（可省略）
E.g. 主动: Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
被动: The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.
(二)定语从句 ( Attributive Clause )
1. 什么是定语从句？
作用：修饰名词或代词（即先行词），相当于形容词。
位置：紧跟先行词后，由关系代词（who/which/that/whose）或关系副词（where/when）引导。
e.g. The scientist who invented the light bulb is Edison. （修饰scientist）
This is the lab where we do experiments. （修饰lab）
关系代词用法
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中作用 例句
who 人 主语/宾语 The boy who is wearing glasses is my brother.（主语）
whom 人 宾语（可省略） The girl (whom) you met is a scientist.（宾语）
which 物 主语/宾语 The robot which can talk amazed us.（主语）
that 人或物 主语/宾语 The book (that) I bought is about space.（宾语）
whose 人或物（所有格） 定语（=of whom/which） That's the scientist whose invention changed the world.
特殊规则:
只用that的情况：
先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing等）
All (that) we need is time.
先行词被序数词/最高级修饰
This is the best movie (that) I have seen.
先行词同时包含人和物
6. They talked about the people and things (that) they remembered.
不用that的情况：
1.介词后（介词+which/whom）
2. The lab in which we work is modern. （ 不说 in that）
关系副词用法
关系副词 指代对象 含义 例句
where 地点 in/at which This is the factory where (in which) cars are made.
when 时间 at/in which I remember the day when (on which) we first met.
附：高频考点思维导图
定语从句 → 关系代词 → who (人) / which (物) / that (人/物) / whose (所有格)
↘ 关系副词 → where (地点) / when (时间)
↘ 特殊规则 → 只用that：不定代词/序数词/最高级/人+物 ↘ 不用that：介词后
三、分层知识练习
A. 基础巩固 (词汇+句型)
1. 根据首字母或汉语提示填空：
1) The ________ (卫星) sends signals back to Earth.
2) Scientists are doing an e________ to test the theory.
3) Online shopping ________ (使变得) life more convenient.
4) The smartphone ________ (开发) by this company is very popular.
5) Paper ________ (发明) in China about 2,000 years ago.
2. 将句子改为被动语态：
1) People use computers to solve problems.
→ Computers are used to solve problems.
2) Scientists have discovered a new planet.
→ A new planet has been discovered by scientists.
3) We should protect the environment.
→ The environment should be protected.
B. 能力提升 (语法+应用)
语法填空 (用被动语态的正确形式)：
The History of Computers
The first computer 1. ________ (build) in the 1940s. It 2. ________ (be) as large as a room! Today, small computers 3. ________ (use) in homes and offices. Many tasks 4. ________ (can/do) by computers now, such as writing and drawing. In the future, more work 5. ________ (may/complete) by AI.
C、定语从句专练
Part 1 选择填空
1. The computer ______ I bought last week doesn’t work now.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
2. Do you know the man ______ is giving a speech
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
3. This is the school ______ my mother taught 20 years ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
4. She will never forget the day ______ she became a scientist.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
5. The boy ______ father is an astronaut wants to go to Mars.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
Part 2: 合并句子（用定语从句合并）
6. The girl is from Canada. She won the science competition.
→ The girl ______________________________ is from Canada.
7. We visited a museum. It shows space technology.
→ We visited a museum ______________________________.
8. July 20, 1969 was the day. On that day humans first walked on the moon.
→ July 20, 1969 was the day ______________________________.
Part 3: 语法填空
In 2023, scientists created a robot 9 ______ (name) "Mars Explorer", 10 ______ can collect rocks on Mars. The lab 11 ______ it was designed is in Beijing. The engineers 12 ______ work there are proud of their invention.
D.写作任务 ：
提示：以 “An Invention That Changed the World” 为题，写一篇80词短文。
要求：
使用被动语态描述发明（如：was invented, is used）
说明其用途和影响
至少使用3个本单元词汇（如：technology, discover, convenient）
An Invention That Changed the World
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
A. 基础巩固 (词汇+句型)
词汇填空
1） satellite 2）experiment 3）makes 4）developed 5）was invented
2. 被动语态
1）Computers are used... 2）A new planet has been... 3）The environment should be...
B.能力提升
1. was built 2. was 3. are used 4. can be done 5. may be completed
C、定语从句专练
Part 1 选择填空
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C
Part 2: 合并句子
6. who won the science competition
7. which shows space technology
8. when humans first walked on the moon
Part 3: 语法填空
named 10. which/that 11. where 12. who
D.写作任务 ：
范文参考:
The Internet is considered one of the greatest inventions. It was developed in the late 20th century. Today, it is used worldwide for communication, education and business. Information can be found in seconds. Online shopping makes life more convenient. However, people depend too much on this technology. We should use it wisely.