身心健康：配方奶的作用及挑战
同源题源 2024全国甲卷C篇 说明文|难度：中|约350词|建议用时：7分钟
Extremely premature babies, often as light as a pound and a half, and as small as an adult hand, are among the weakest patients in any hospital. Thanks to advances in modern medicine, however, these babies are more likely than ever to survive. Even those born three months premature have a good chance of survival and most are able to live normal and healthy lives.
New to the world and desperate for nutrition, very premature babies, shortly after birth, are often rushed to an intensive care unit where doctors and committed nurses embark on an around-the- clock effort to save the child's life. The good news is that new equipment and treatments are improving the rates of survival among premature babies and giving hope for those born even as early as 22 weeks. Science, always evolving, is delivering more hope for babies bom earlier in pregnancy.
While a mother's breast milk is preferable when feeding a newborn, for some reasons delivering the milk to the child may not be possible. So, often, core to the treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) is the option of specialized, nutrient-dense formula milk. Such formula milk is a critical part of the standard of care. Nutrient-dense formula milk is a lifeline for many premature babies, and it is critical that doctors continue to have the option available for their premature patients struggling for nutrients.
However, a recent lawsuit ( 诉讼) targets the few companies that make specialized formulas. While the FDA considers the formulas safe, and NICU doctors consider them essential for the health and vitality of at-risk babies, the lawsuit threatens the workability of the entire sector, and could deprive(剥夺) premature babies of a life-saving product. The infant-formula industry is already in an unstable position as several manufacturers have left the market.
Given the urgent need to ensure appropriate nutrition for premature babies in NICUs across the country, it would be a terrible consequence if companies were forced out of the formula business, overturning the medical advances that allow significantly premature babies to live.
1. What improves the survival rates of premature babies
A. The emphasis on nutrition. B. The application of genetic medicine.
C. The availability of highly trained surgeons. D. The introduction of advanced care strategies.
2. What role does formula milk play in the care of premature babies
A. It provides essential nutrients. B. It serves as an alternative to breast milk.
C. It is used only when breast milk is unavailable. D. It is the specialized feeding option in the NICU.
3. What might happen if companies exit the formula business
A. Destroying medical advancements. B. Reducing the number of relevant lawsuits.
C. Lowering the demand for infant formulas. D. Increasing the survival chances of premature babies.
4. What does the article mainly talk about
A. Changes in the infant-formula industry.
B. The critical role and challenges of infant-formula milk.
C. Medical advancements for the survival of premature babies.
D. Comparison between breast milk and formula milk for newborns.
参考答案与深度解析
【文前导读】早产儿是医院中最易受伤的患者之一，但得益于现代医疗技术的进步，他们的存活率比以往任何时候都要高。尽管如此，早产儿的营养需求仍然是一个关键问题。特殊营养配方奶在早产儿护理中发挥着至关重要的作用，而针对这些产品的诉讼可能会对早产儿的生存和健康产生严重影响。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Thanks to advances in modern medicine, however, these babies are more likely than ever to survive”和第二段中的“new equipment and treatments are improving the rates of survival among premature babies”可知,现代医学的进步,包括新的护理设备和策略，提高了早产儿的生存率。因此，D项“引入先进的护理策略”是正确的。答案：D
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“While a mother's breast milk is preferable ... may not be possible. So, often, core to the treatment... is the option of specialized, nutrient-dense formula milk”可知，虽然母乳会更好，但是无法提供母乳时，配方奶是重要的替代选择。答案：B
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“it would be a terrible consequence if companies were forced out of the formula business, overturning the medical advances that allow significantly premature babies to live”可知，如果公司被迫退出配方奶业务，这将推翻让早产儿生存的医学进步。答案：A
【解题线索】A 项中的“Destroying”是“overturning”的同义表达。
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4.主旨大意题。文章结构如下：
Part 1 (Para.1) 极早产婴儿非常脆弱，但现代医学的进步显著提高了他们的生存机会。
Part 2(Paras.2-3) 早产婴儿急需营养，通常在出生后不久被送入重症监护病房。虽然母乳是最好的选择，但当母乳无法供应时，配方奶成为关键的营养来源。
Part 3 (Paras.4-5) 最近的诉讼针对生产专门配方奶的公司，如果这些公司被迫退出配方奶业务，将会颠覆早产婴儿生存的医学进步。
由上述分析可知，这篇文章的主旨是讨论专门的营养丰富的配方奶对早产婴儿生存的重要性，以及最近的诉讼给这些配方奶公司带来的威胁。故B 项“婴儿配方奶的重要作用及挑战”符合题意。答案：B
反复精读·积累速记
二次精读·词汇速记
核心词
committed adj. 尽心尽力的,坚定的 core adj. 最重要的
option n. 选择 specialized adj. 专门的
survive v. 生存 lifeline n. 生命线
rate n. 比率 manufacturer n. 生产者,制造商
given prep. 考虑到 appropriate adj. 合适的,适当的
consequence n. 结果,后果 emphasis n. 强调,重要性
relevant adj. 相关的 around-the-clock adj. 日夜不停的
障碍词
premature adj. 早产的 [pre-在······前+ mature 成熟的]
newbor n adj.(婴儿)新生的,初生的 [new新的+ born 出生]
workability n. 可行性;可使用性 [work 奏效+ ability能力]
overturn v. 推翻 [over 翻转 + turn转动]
preferable adj. 较合适 [prefer 更喜欢+-able可……的,能……的]
vitality n. 生命力,活力 [vital 生气勃勃的+-ity……性质,……状态]
unstable adj. 不稳定的 [un-不+ stable 稳定的]
熟词生义
formula 熟义:n. 公式,方程式 文中义:n. 配方;配方奶
chance 熟义:n. 机会 文中义:n. 可能性
desperate 熟义: adj. 绝望的 文中义: adj. 极需要的,渴望的
deliver熟义:v. 递送;发表 文中义:v. 提供,产生
alternative 熟义: adj. 可供替代的 文中义:n. 可供选择的事物
rush 熟义:v. 迅速移动 文中义:v. 快速运输
target 熟义:n. 目标;靶 文中义:v. 把······作为攻击目标,把······作为批评对象
核心短语
intensive care unit 加护病房 embark on 着手,开始做某事
be forced out of 被迫离开
三次精读·长难句分析
长难句①So, often, core to the treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) is the option of specialized, nutrient-dense formula milk. (Para.3)
剖析 这是一个表语提前的倒装句。正常语序的句子主干为 the option of... milk is core to the treatment,介词短语“in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)”在句中作定语修饰 treatment。
翻译 因此，在新生儿重症监护室(NICU)的治疗中，选择特殊配方的、营养丰富的配方奶经常是最重要的。
长难句② Given the urgent need to ensure appropriate nutrition for premature babies in NICUs across the country, it would be a terrible consequence if companies were forced out of the formula business, overturn ing the medical advances that allow significantly premature babies to live.(Para.5)
剖析 这是一个主从复合句,句中介词短语“Given the urgent need …… country”作原因状语,主句为“it would be a terrible consequence”, “if companies ... business”为条件状语从句,“overturning the medical advances... live”作结果状语,其中包含了一个 that 引导的定语从句修饰 advances。
翻译 考虑到全国新生儿重症监护室迫切需要确保为早产儿提供适当的营养，如果公司被迫退出特殊配方奶粉市场，这将是一个灾难性的后果，因为这会颠覆那些使极度早产儿能够存活的医疗进步。
参考译文
身心健康：配方奶的作用及挑战
极度早产的婴儿通常体重只有一磅半左右轻，大小只有成人手掌那么大，是医院里最虚弱的病人之一。然而，由于现代医学的进步，这些婴儿比以往更有可能存活下来。即使是提前三个月出生的婴儿也有很好的生存机会，大多数都能过上正常健康的生活。
这些新生儿刚刚来到这个世界，极度渴望营养，出生后不久通常会被迅速送往重症监护室，在那里，医生和尽职的护士会夜以继日地努力拯救孩子的生命。好消息是，新的设备和治疗方法正在提高早产婴儿的生存率，并为出生时间更早的婴儿带来希望。科学一直在进步，为怀孕早期出生的婴儿带来了更多的希望。
虽然母乳是喂养新生儿的首选，但由于某些原因，将母乳送到孩子那里可能并不可行。因此，在新生儿重症监护室（NICU）的治疗方案中，使用专业、营养丰富的配方奶往往是重要的。这种配方奶是标准护理方案的重要组成部分。营养丰富的配方奶是许多早产儿的生命线，医生继续为营养不良的早产儿提供这种选择至关重要。
然而，最近的一起诉讼针对的是生产特殊配方奶的少数几家公司。尽管FDA认为这些配方是安全的，NICU的医生认为它们对于高危婴儿的健康和活力至关重要，但该诉讼威胁到了整个行业的运作，并可能剥夺早产儿的救命产品。由于几家制造商已经退出市场，婴儿配方行业本身已经处于不稳定的状态。
鉴于全国各地NICU中早产儿迫切需要保证适当的营养，如果迫使公司退出配方奶行业，推翻允许极早产婴儿存活的医学进步，那将是一个可怕的后果。
