高中英语语法精讲精练（3）—— 名词性从句
学习目标 2
一、名词性从句基本概念 2
1. 定义 2
2. 本质特征 2
二、名词性从句的引导词 3
1. 引导词概述 3
2. 用法详解 3
3. 练习 4
4. 考点总结 5
5. 重点引导词辨析 5
三、四类名词性从句详解 8
1. 主语从句 8
2. 宾语从句 13
3. 表语从句 17
4. 同位语从句 21
四、高频考点与易错点 24
1. 语序问题 24
2. 虚拟语气 24
3. 主谓一致 24
五、知识点总结 25
六、实战演练 25
（一）基础题（共 20 题） 25
（二）高考真题（共 18 题） 27
（三）模拟题（共 20 题） 29
学习目标
识记：了解名词性从句的基本概念（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和连词的基本用法。
理解：掌握名词性从句的高频考点，如引导词辨析（that/what、whether/if 等）、语序规则、时态呼应等。
应用：学会在语法填空和句子翻译中准确运用名词性从句，能快速判断从句类型并选择合适的引导词。
一、名词性从句基本概念
1. 定义
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的从句，相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此分为四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
2. 本质特征
功能：替代名词，在句中充当名词可承担的成分（主语、宾语等）。
结构：由连接词引导，必须用陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）。
例句解析
主语从句：What he said surprised everyone.（他说的话让所有人惊讶）
（"What he said" 作主语，相当于名词短语）
宾语从句：I don't know where she lives.（我不知道她住在哪里）
（"where she lives" 作动词 know 的宾语）
表语从句：This is why he refused.（这就是他拒绝的原因）
（"why he refused" 作系动词 is 的表语）
同位语从句：He heard the news that his team won.（他听到了他的团队获胜的消息）
（"that his team won" 解释 news 的内容）
基础版练习
完整地将从句划出来并说明是什么类型的从句
That the earth revolves around the sun is a fact.
She told me that she would attend the meeting.
The question is whether we can finish the task on time.
We heard the news that our team had won the championship.
I wonder what he is doing at the moment.
This is where we first met three years ago.
It is strange that he didn’t attend the lecture.
The belief that hard work leads to success is widely accepted.
提升版练习
完整地将从句划出来并说明是什么类型的从句
It remains to be seen whether the new policy will be beneficial to the environment.
The manager didn’t answer the question how the project would be carried out within the budget.
What many people don’t realize is that adequate sleep is crucial for mental health.
There is no denying the fact that artificial intelligence has changed our way of life.
二、名词性从句的引导词
1. 引导词概述
名词性从句的引导词是连接主句和从句的关键，根据其在从句中是否充当句子成分及含义，可分为三类：连接词（不充当成分）、连接代词（充当主 / 宾 / 表 / 定语）、连接副词（充当状语）。
2. 用法详解
类别 引导词 含义 从句中成分 例句 分析
连接词 that 无实际含义 不充当，仅起连接作用 He said that he would attend the meeting. that 在宾语从句中可省略，仅起连接作用，不影响句意。
whether 是否 不充当成分 Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. whether 引导主语从句且位于句首，不可用 if 替换。
if 是否 不充当，仅连动词的宾从和形式主语的主从 I wonder if she will come tomorrow. if 仅用于动词后的宾语从句，不能用于句首主语从句或表语从句。
连接代词 what …… 的事物 主语、宾语或表语 What he said surprised us. what 在主语从句中作 said 的宾语，指代 “他说的话”。
who 谁 主语 Who will win the game is unknown. who 在主语从句中作主语，指代人。
whom 谁 作宾语 The teacher asked whom we were waiting for. whom 在宾语从句中作 for 的宾语，指代人，口语中可用 who 替代。
which 哪一个 主语、宾语或定语（有范围） She didn’t know which book to choose. which 在宾语从句中作定语，修饰 book，暗含选择范围。
whose 谁的 定语 I don’t know whose pen this is. whose 在宾语从句中作定语，修饰 pen，表所属关系。
whatever 无论什么 作主语、宾语或表语（无范围） Whatever you do, I will support you. whatever 在主语从句中作 do 的宾语，表泛指 “任何事情”。
whoever 无论谁 主语 Whoever comes is welcome. whoever 在主语从句中作主语，表泛指 “任何人”。
连接副词 when 何时 时间状语 I don’t know when he will leave. when 在宾语从句中作时间状语，修饰 leave。
where 何地 地点状语 This is where we met for the first time. where 在表语从句中作地点状语，指代 “我们第一次见面的地方”。
why 为什么 原因状语 The reason is why he refused the offer. why 在表语从句中作原因状语，解释 “原因是什么”。
how 如何、怎样 方式状语 She explained how she solved the problem. how 在宾语从句中作方式状语，说明 “解决问题的方式”。
特别说明
连接词 that 在宾语从句中可省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略（如：That he is honest is true.）。
whether 与 if 的核心区别在于使用场景：whether 适用范围更广，可与 or not 连用（whether...or not），而 if 不可。
连接代词和连接副词在从句中必须充当成分，做题时需先判断从句缺少什么成分（主 / 宾 / 状等），再选择对应引导词。
3. 练习
语法填空（每空限填一个引导词）
______ he will attend the meeting tomorrow is still uncertain.
She asked me ______ I had finished my homework.
The problem is ______ we can solve the crisis within a week.
I don’t know ______ pen this is.
______ broke the window should apologize to the teacher.
He didn’t tell me ______ he would go for vacation.
______ you choose, I will support your decision.
The manager explained ______ the project was delayed.
We haven’t decided ______ to accept the invitation or not.
______ comes to the party must bring a gift.
4. 考点总结
连接词（that/if/whether）：侧重判断从句是否缺 “是否” 含义及使用场景（如 whether 与 or not 连用）。
连接代词（what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever）：需判断从句缺少主 / 宾 / 定语等成分，结合 “范围”（which 有范围，whatever 无范围）选择。
连接副词（when/where/why/how）：需判断从句缺少时间、地点、原因或方式状语，对应选择引导词。
5. 重点引导词辨析
（1）that vs what
that：无意义，不充当成分，仅起连接作用
例句：He said that he would come.（他说他会来）
what：表 “…… 的事物”，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
例句：What he needs is a book.（他需要的是一本书）
that vs what 专项练习
________ he told me yesterday is of great importance.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
I firmly believe ________ honesty is the best policy.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
________ impressed the judges most was the boy’s creativity.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
The teacher made it clear ________ we should hand in the paper before Friday.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
He always does ________ he thinks is right, regardless of others’ opinions.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
易错提醒
that 不作成分；what 必须担当主/宾/表语。
若空格后缺主语或宾语，优先 what；不缺则用 that。
（2）whether vs if
共同点：表 “是否”，不充当成分
区别：
whether 可用于主语从句（句首）、表语从句、介词后宾语从句、与 or not 连用
if 仅用于动词后的宾语从句及用 it 作形式主语的主语从句
例句：
Whether he will come is unknown.（正确，主语从句句首）
It is unknown if he will come.（正确，if 引导主语从句需用 it 作形式主语）
The question is whether we should go.（正确，表语从句）
I wonder if/whether he will come.（均可，动词后宾语从句）
whether vs if专项练习
________ we can finish the work on time depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
I don’t know ________ to accept or refuse the offer.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
She asked me ________ I had ever been to Beijing.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
The question is ________ we can trust him or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
Everything depends on ________ we can get the loan from the bank.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
口诀速记
“句首介后表从用 whether；动词后宾从两可；or not 总跟 whether”。
（3）-ever 系列（whatever, whoever 等）
含义：“无论……”“凡是……”，表泛指，可作主语、宾语等
例句：Whoever comes will be welcome.（无论谁来都欢迎）
（whoever 在从句中作主语，相当于 anyone who）
专项练习 -ever 系列
1. ________ breaks the law will be punished.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whom D. Whomever
You can choose ________ course interests you most.
A. whichever B. whatever C. that D. what
________ much advice you give him, he won’t change his mind.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whenever
________ team wins the match will represent our school.
A. That B. Which C. Whichever D. What
Give the book to ________ needs it.
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. whom
易混对比
who/what 等指具体对象；-ever 泛指“无论……”。
whoever 与 whomever：从句缺主语用 whoever，缺宾语才用 whomever。
三、四类名词性从句详解
1. 主语从句
（1）基本结构
例句：观察从句的位置
How he solved the problem remains a secret.（他如何解决问题仍是秘密）
It is natural that children love their parents.（孩子爱父母是自然的）
直接位于句首：
That he is honest is true. 他诚实是真的。
用 it 作形式主语（避免头重脚轻）：
It is true that he is honest.
（2）常见句型
句型结构 常见搭配 例句 解析
It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 important, necessary, natural, clear, strange, obvious It is necessary that we (should) wear masks in crowded places. 形容词描述从句内容的性质，strange/ necessary 等后的从句常用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省略）。
It + be + 名词 + that 从句 a pity, a fact, a shame, no wonder, an honor It is a pity that you missed the concert. 名词多为抽象名词，说明从句内容的属性。
It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 said, reported, believed, known, suggested It is reported that the typhoon will land tomorrow. 过去分词表被动，多为 “据说 / 据报道” 等固定表达。
It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 happens, appears, seems, matters It matters that we keep our promise. 不及物动词多为 “发生 / 似乎 / 重要” 等，从句说明具体内容。
（3）引导词的特殊用法
if 不可引导句首主语从句：表示 “是否” 时，只能用 whether 置于句首，如：
Whether he will attend the meeting is unclear.（√）；
If he will attend the meeting is unclear.（×）。
what 与 that 的区分：what 在从句中需作成分（主 / 宾 / 表），that 不作成分，如：
What surprised us is his decision.（what 作主语）；
That he made that decision surprised us.（that 仅连接）。
（4）主谓一致的特殊情况
基本规则：主语从句作主语时，主句谓语动词通常用单数
that 引导的主语从句
例句：That he passed the exam makes his parents proud.（他通过考试让父母很骄傲）
解析：that 从句表述单一事实，主句谓语用单数。
连接代词 / 副词引导的主语从句
例句：How the team will win the game is still a mystery.（球队如何获胜仍是个谜）
解析：从句表达一个整体概念，谓语用单数。
特殊规则：根据从句含义或表语判断谓语单复数
what 引导的主语从句
当 what 表示单数概念（指代一件事 / 一个事物）时，谓语用单数：
What he said is true.（他说的话是真的）
当 what 表示复数概念（指代多件事 / 多个事物）时，谓语用复数：
What he bought are three books and a pen.（他买的是三本书和一支笔）
当表语为复数时，主句谓语随表语变化：
What he needs are some new tools.（他需要的是一些新工具）
并列结构作主语从句
由 and 连接两个并列从句时，若表示两个独立概念，谓语用复数：
When the meeting will start and where it will be held are not decided.（会议何时何地召开尚未决定）
若表示同一概念，谓语用单数：
When and how he will arrive is unknown.（他何时及如何到达还不清楚）
高考高频考点：形式主语 it 后的主谓一致
it 作形式主语时，主句谓语单复数由真正的主语从句决定（通常为单数）：
It is important that we study hard.（我们努力学习很重要）
It has been proved that exercise is good for health.（锻炼有益健康已被证实）
例外情况：当从句含复数含义且表语为复数时，谓语可随表语变化（罕见）：
It are these factors that influence the result.（正是这些因素影响结果）
解析：此句为强调句型变体，需结合语境判断，高考中极少出现。
易错点辨析
错误例句 正确例句 解析
When they will come are unclear. When they will come is unclear. 从句表单一概念，谓语用单数。
What he said and did is surprising. What he said and did are surprising. 从句含 “说” 和 “做” 两个动作，表复数含义，谓语用复数。
What I need is some books. What I need are some books. 表语为复数，谓语随表语用复数。
真题链接
（2021 全国甲卷）What matters is not your appearance but your ability.（重要的不是你的外表而是能力）
解析：what 表单数概念，谓语用 is。
（2020 江苏卷）What he left are some old photos and a letter.（他留下的是一些旧照片和一封信）
解析：what 指代复数物品，谓语用 are。
（5）与强调句的区分
主语从句：
It is unclear what he wants.（it 为形式主语，真正主语是 what 从句）。
强调句：
It is what he wants that matters.（强调句结构，去掉 It is...that 后句子仍完整：What he wants matters.）。
（6）高考真题常见陷阱
语序错误：误将从句用疑问句语序，如：
When will he arrive is unknown.（×）→ When he will arrive is unknown.（√）。
虚拟语气遗漏：在 It is important that... 句型中，漏用 should，如：
It is important that he works hard.（×）→ It is important that he (should) work hard.（√）。
（7）主语从句练习
I. 语法填空（每空限填 1 词）
______ he will join the club depends on his parents' attitude.
It is necessary that we ______ (improve) our communication skills.
______ surprised us most was her sudden decision to quit.
It ______ (report) that the new policy will be carried out next month.
The question is ______ the meeting will be postponed.
II. 单句改错（每句 1 处错误）
If she will come to the party is still unknown.
What he said and did were inspiring to all of us.
It is important that a student masters a foreign language.
When will they start the project is not decided yet.
The fact what he won the prize made his family proud.
III. 句型转换（按要求改写句子）
That he is always late for class annoys the teacher.（用 it 作形式主语）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
Whether they will sign the contract is under discussion.（改为含形式主语的句子）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
It is said that the singer will hold a concert in our city.（改为直接主语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 句子翻译（根据汉语提示完成句子）
他为什么拒绝这个提议仍然是个谜。（主语从句，why 引导）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我们需要的是更多的实践机会。（what 引导主语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
很明显，他没有说实话。（it 作形式主语，that 引导）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
V. 短文填空（在空白处填入适当的引导词）
1. ______ we can succeed in the competition depends on two factors: 2. ______ we have prepared fully and 3. ______ we can keep calm under pressure. It is believed 4. ______ teamwork plays a key role. Some members suggest 5. ______ we should have a final discussion tonight. However, 6. ______ will attend the discussion remains unclear. 7. ______ is certain is that we must make every effort to achieve our goal.
2. 宾语从句
（一）核心用法详解
作动词宾语
基本结构：
及物动词 + 宾语从句（that 可省略，但若从句含两个及以上并列句，第二个 that 不可省）
例句：
She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift.
她说明天会来，还会带礼物。
时态呼应规则：
主句为现在时 / 将来时，从句时态根据实际情况而定：
He thinks we will finish the task by Friday.（他认为我们周五前能完成任务）
主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（客观真理 / 事实除外）：
She told me she had seen the movie before.（她告诉我她之前看过这部电影）
The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.（客观真理用一般现在时）
否定前移：主句谓语为 think/believe/suppose 等时，从句否定需移至主句：
误：I think he won’t agree.
正：I don’t think he will agree.（我认为他不会同意）
作介词宾语
常见介词：
about, of, in, on, without 等（except/but/in 后可接 that 引导的从句）
例句：
He is worried about whether he can pass the exam.
他担心能否通过考试。
I know nothing about him except that he is from London.
除了知道他来自伦敦，我对他一无所知。
禁忌：
介词后不可用 if 表 “是否”，需用 whether；不可直接接 that（except/but/in 除外）：
误：We talked about if we should go.
正：We talked about whether we should go.
作形容词的宾语从句
基本概念：
部分形容词后可接宾语从句，说明形容词所描述的心理状态、情感或观点的具体内容。这类形容词多表达 “确信、担忧、遗憾、高兴” 等情感，从句由 that, whether, if 或连接代词 / 副词引导。
常见形容词及例句：
形容词 含义 例句
sure 确信的 I am sure that he will keep his promise.（我确信他会信守承诺）
afraid 担心的 She is afraid that she will miss the train.（她担心会错过火车）
sorry 抱歉的 I'm sorry that I forgot your birthday.（抱歉我忘了你的生日）
glad 高兴的 We are glad that you can join us.（很高兴你能加入我们）
certain 确定的 He is certain whether the plan will work.（他不确定计划是否可行）
surprised 惊讶的 They were surprised what he said at the meeting.（他们对他在会上说的话感到惊讶）
形式宾语 it
适用场景：当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，用 it 作形式宾语，避免句子结构失衡
句型：主语 + 动词（find/think/make/consider 等） + it + 宾补（adj./n.） + that 从句
例句：
I find it necessary that we practice speaking English daily.（我发现每天练习说英语很有必要）
We consider it a pity that she missed the lecture.（我们认为她错过讲座很可惜）
（二）引导词用法：
that：最常用，可省略，表达肯定的情感或事实，如：
I'm proud (that) my son won the prize.
whether/if：表 “是否”，用于不确定的情感，如：
She is worried whether she can pass the test.
（不可用 if 替换 whether，因与 or not 连用时需用 whether，但单纯表 “是否” 时可换）
连接代词 / 副词：根据句意表达具体疑问，如：
I'm not sure how he solved the problem.
（三）高考易错点警示
语序错误：宾语从句需用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后）
误：He asked where was the nearest bank.
正：He asked where the nearest bank was.（他问最近的银行在哪里）
虚拟语气遗漏：在表示 “建议 / 命令 / 要求” 的动词（suggest/demand/order/insist 等）后，宾语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”
例句：
The manager suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tomorrow.
经理建议我们明天开会。
if 与 whether 混淆：whether 可与 or not 连用，if 不可；whether 可接不定式，if 不可
例句：
I haven’t decided whether to go or not.（正确）
I haven’t decided if to go or not.（错误）
作形容词宾语时的引导词误用：在 “be + 形容词” 结构后，表 “是否” 时虽可用 if，但正式语境中更倾向用 whether，尤其是与 or not 连用时必须用 whether，如：
I'm not sure whether he will come or not.（正确）；
I'm not sure if he will come or not.（错误）
（四）专项练习及解析
I. 语法填空
① She wondered ______ she could get a ticket for the concert.
② The teacher insists that we ______ (hand) in our homework on time.
③ We think ______ important that students should take exercise regularly.
④ I'm not sure ______ he will arrive on time.
II. 单句改错
① He asked me where did I go yesterday.
② I don’t doubt if he will keep his promise.
③ She told me that she has visited the Great Wall twice.
④ They are certain if the project will be completed.
III. 句子翻译
① 他不确定是否该接受这个挑战。（whether 引导）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
② 我们发现她能流利说三门语言很令人惊讶。（形式宾语 it）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
③ 我很抱歉我没能参加你的婚礼。（作形容词的宾语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 短文填空
Tom wanted to know ______ his father would allow him to join the club. He asked his mother ______ she could help him talk to his father. His mother said she didn’t know ______ his father would agree, but she promised ______ she would try. She was afraid ______ Tom would be disappointed if he couldn’t join. In fact, Tom was worried about ______ he could balance club activities and his studies.
3. 表语从句
（一）核心用法与结构特征
基本构成
表语从句位于系动词之后，形成 “主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句” 结构，用于说明主语的性质、状态或内容。
常见系动词：be（是）、look（看起来）、seem（似乎）、remain（仍然）、appear（显得）、sound（听起来）、turn out（结果是）等。
例句：
Her main concern is whether she can pass the interview.（她最担心的是能否通过面试）
The result turned out that our team won the championship.（结果是我们队赢得了冠军）
核心功能
用于解释主语的具体含义，如：
定义概念：A dictionary is what helps us look up new words.（字典是帮助我们查生词的工具）
说明原因 / 结果：His anger is that he was cheated by his partner.（他生气是因为被搭档欺骗了）
（二）引导词分类及用法
引导词类型 典型引导词 用法说明 例句
连接词 that, whether that 无意义，不省略；whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if 替换 The fact is that he lied. 事实是他撒谎了； The question is whether we should go. 问题是我们是否该走。
连接代词 what, who, which, whose 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，表达具体指代内容 The winner is who finishes first.（获胜者是第一个完成的人）； I don’t know whose book this is.（我不知道这是谁的书）
连接副词 when, where, why, how 在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因或方式 That is where we met for the first time.（那是我们第一次见面的地方）； The problem is how we can reduce costs.（问题是我们如何降低成本）
特殊引导词 as if/as though, because as if/as though 表 “好像”，可接虚拟语气；because 表原因（主语多为 it/ this /that） She acts as if she were a princess.（她表现得像个公主）； It is because you didn’t keep your promise.（那是因为你没信守承诺）
（三）高频句型与固定搭配
The reason why... is that...（…… 的原因是……）
例句：
The reason why he resigned is that he couldn’t stand the pressure.
他辞职的原因是无法承受压力。
【易错点】reason 后必须用 that 引导表语从句，不可用 because。
This/That is why...（这 / 那就是…… 的原因）（表结果）
例句：
He overslept. That is why he missed the flight.
他睡过头了，这就是错过航班的原因。
This/That/It is because...（这 / 那 / 那是因为……）（表原因）
用法解析：
该句型中 because 引导表语从句，专门用于说明前文所述情况的原因，主语通常为 this/that/it（指代前文提到的事情），从句需用陈述句语序。
主语使用区别：
this/that 指代具体的人或事，如：She was late. That is because she got stuck in traffic.（她迟到了，那是因为堵车了）
it 为形式主语，不具体指代某事物，仅用于引出原因，如：It is because you lack experience that you failed.（你失败是因为缺乏经验）
与 because 引导原因状语从句的区别：
表语从句中的 because 强调 “前文情况的原因”，而原因状语从句中的 because 强调 “导致主句结果的原因”，如：He stayed at home because he was ill.（原因状语从句，强调生病导致居家）；He stayed at home. That is because he was ill.（表语从句，强调居家的原因是生病）
高考常见语境：
多用于回答 why 引导的问句或解释前文现象，如：
—Why did he refuse the offer —That is because he had other plans.
— 他为什么拒绝这个提议？— 那是因为他有其他计划。
It seems/looks as if...（看起来好像……）
例句：
It looks as if the concert will be cancelled.（看起来这场音乐会要取消了）
（四）虚拟语气专项解析
as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气
适用场景：描述与事实相反的假设时，从句用虚拟语气；描述真实情况时用陈述语气。
时态规则：
假设类型 从句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去时（be 动词用 were） He talks as if he knew all the secrets.（他说话好像知道所有秘密似的）
与过去事实相反 过去完成时（had + 过去分词） She cried as if she had been hurt deeply.（她哭起来好像受了重伤似的）
与将来事实相反 would/might + 动词原形 It seems as if it would rain cats and dogs.（好像要下倾盆大雨了）
建议 / 命令类表语从句
当主语为 suggestion, advice, order 等名词时，表语从句用 “(should) + 动词原形”：
My suggestion is that we (should) start planning now.
我的建议是现在就开始计划。
The order is that all tasks (should) be completed by Friday.
命令是所有任务周五前完成。
（五）高考易错点警示
引导词误用
表语从句中表 “是否” 只能用 whether，不能用 if：
误：The doubt is if he will come.
正：The doubt is whether he will come.
reason 后接表语从句用 that，不用 because：
误：The reason for his absence is because he was ill.
正：The reason for his absence is that he was ill.
语序错误
表语从句需用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后）：
误：The question is how can we solve this problem.
正：The question is how we can solve this problem.
虚拟语气时态错误
描述与过去事实相反的情况时，需用过去完成时：
误：She looks as if she saw a ghost.
正：She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
（五）专项练习及解析
I. 语法填空
① She behaves as if she ______ (be) the boss.（实际她不是）
② My suggestion is that we ______ (start) early tomorrow.
③ It looks as if it ______ (rain) last night.（实际没下）
II. 单句改错
① It seems as if he will know the answer.（实际他不知道）
② The order is that all students must attend the lecture.
③ The reason why she left is because she felt lonely.
III. 句子翻译
① 他看起来好像多年没见她了。（as if，与过去事实相反）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
② 我的建议是我们应该立即采取行动。（表语从句，虚拟语气）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
③ 她说话的样子仿佛她什么都懂。（as if，与现在事实相反）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 短文填空
The fact is ______ progress requires effort. It seems ______ some students don’t understand this. My advice is ______ they (should) change their attitude. It looks ______ they would waste time, but the truth is ______ they are afraid of failure. That is ______ they need encouragement.
4. 同位语从句
（一）核心特征与构成
基本定义
同位语从句是对其前面的抽象名词（称为 “先行词”）进行解释说明，说明该名词的具体内容，二者在逻辑上是 “同等关系”。
常见先行词：news（消息）、idea（想法）、fact（事实）、promise（承诺）、belief（信念）、doubt（疑问）、hope（希望）、suggestion（建议）、order（命令）、question（问题）等。
例句：
We heard the news that our team had won.（我们听到了我们队获胜的消息）
He expressed his belief that all people are equal.（他表达了所有人都是平等的信念）
结构形式
先行词 + 引导词 + 同位语从句（陈述句语序）
注意：
当先行词后有定语、谓语等成分时，同位语从句可能与先行词分隔（称为 “分隔式同位语从句”），避免句子头重脚轻。
例句：
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.（有句谚语说熟能生巧）
（goes 是谓语，分隔了先行词 saying 和同位语从句）
（二）引导词分类及用法
引导词 用法说明 例句
that 无意义，不充当成分，不可省略（即使在口语中） The fact that he lied to us surprised everyone.（他对我们撒谎的事实让所有人惊讶）
whether 表 “是否”，不充当成分，不可用 if 替换，常用于 doubt, question 等词后 There is some doubt whether he will arrive on time.（他是否能准时到还有些疑问）
连接代词 what, who, which, whose（在从句中作主语、宾语、定语） The question who will lead the project needs to be discussed.（谁来领导这个项目的问题需要讨论）
连接副词 when, where, why, how（在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因、方式） I have no idea when the meeting will start.（我不知道会议什么时候开始）
高考警示：
that 在同位语从句中绝对不可省略，与定语从句中 that 可省略（作宾语时）形成对比。
whether 可接不定式（to do），if 不可，如：He has no idea whether to accept the offer.（他不知道是否接受这个提议）
（三）与定语从句的深层区别
对比维度 同位语从句 定语从句
功能 解释先行词的具体内容 （同等关系） 修饰先行词的性质特征 （修饰关系）
引导词 that 的作用 无意义，不充当成分，不可省略 有意义（指代先行词），充当主语 / 宾语，作宾语时可省略
与先行词的关系 从句 = 先行词（如：The news that he won = The news: “He won”） 从句 ≠ 先行词（如：The news that he told me 指 “他告诉我的那个消息”）
典型例句 I got the message that the flight was cancelled.（消息内容是 “航班取消”） I got the message that he sent yesterday.（他昨天发的那个消息）
（四）高考高频考点
虚拟语气的使用
当先行词是 suggestion, advice, order, demand 等表示 “建议、命令、要求” 的名词时，同位语从句谓语用 “(should) + 动词原形”。
例句：
The suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting is reasonable.（我们开个会的建议很合理）
He gave an order that all work (should) stop at once.（他下令所有工作立即停止）
分隔式同位语从句的识别
当先行词与从句被谓语、定语等隔开时，需通过逻辑判断是否为同位语从句（解释内容）。
例句：
Evidence came up that the suspect had been in the city.（有证据表明嫌疑人曾在这座城市）
（came up 是谓语，隔开了先行词 evidence 和从句）
（五）专项练习及解析
I. 语法填空
① We were excited at the news ______ our team had won the championship.
② There is no doubt ______ he will keep his promise.
③ The question ______ should be responsible for the accident remains unanswered.
II. 单句改错
① The fact if he succeeded surprised us all.
② He made a promise what he would help us.
③ The suggestion which we should start early was accepted.
III. 句子翻译
① 他提出了我们应该立即采取行动的建议。（suggestion + 同位语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
② 我不知道她为什么拒绝了这个邀请。（idea + 同位语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 短文填空
The teacher announced the news ______ the exam would be postponed. This was a great relief to students, most of whom had the belief ______ they needed more time to prepare. However, there was some doubt ______ the delay would cause new problems.
四、高频考点与易错点
1. 语序问题
名词性从句必须用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后）
例句：Do you know when he will come （正确）
Do you know when will he come （错误）
2. 虚拟语气
在表示 “建议、命令、要求” 的名词性从句中，谓语用 “(should) + 动词原形”
例句：He suggested that we (should) leave early.（他建议我们早走）
My advice is that he (should) study hard.
3. 主谓一致
主语从句作主语，谓语一般用单数；what 引导的主语从句，谓语单复数由从句或表语决定
例句：What he said is true.（单数）
What he gave me are books.（表语 books 为复数，谓语用复数）
易错点练习
找出错误并改正：
I don't know if he will come or not.
The reason why he failed is because he was careless.
It is important that we will finish the work.
五、知识点总结
引导词辨析：that 无意义不充当成分；what/which/who 等作成分；whether 表 “是否”（句首 / 介词后 / 与 or not 连用）。
语序：所有名词性从句用陈述句语序。
虚拟语气：suggestion/order 等词后的同位语从句及表语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”。
形式主语 / 宾语：it 可代替 that 从句作形式主语 / 宾语，避免头重脚轻。
与定语从句区别：同位语从句解释内容（that 不充当成分），定语从句修饰名词（that 充当成分）。
六、实战演练
（一）基础题（共 20 题）
I. 语法填空（10 题）
______ he will come or not depends on the weather.
It is strange ______ she didn’t attend the meeting.
I don’t know ______ he did it for.
The news ______ our team won the game excited everyone.
The problem is ______ we can get enough money.
She made a promise ______ she would help us.
______ caused the accident is still a mystery.
I think ______ necessary that we practice English every day.
The question ______ should be responsible has not been decided.
His suggestion ______ we should start early is reasonable.
II. 单句改错（10 题）
If he will go there is not clear.
The fact which he told us is true.
I doubt that he can finish the work on time.
The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.
It is reported when the typhoon will land tomorrow.
She asked me where is the nearest bank.
My idea is that we must finish the task today.
There is no doubt whether he is honest.
He made a promise what he would come.
The question is if we should accept the offer.
（二）高考真题（共 18 题）
1.（2025 北京卷）The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here.
2.（2025 全国二卷）Nothing in my life before prepared me ____58____ this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
3.（2024 全国甲卷）How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____is now northwestern Wyoming.
4.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____39____ they’ll promote.
5.（2023 全国甲卷）______ matters most is not your score but your attitude.
6.（2023 浙江卷）We have learned from the story ______ kindness can bring happiness.
7.（2023 天津卷）______ he will attend the party depends on his parents’ permission.
8.（2022 全国甲卷）The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew ______ to settle it.
9.（2022 全国乙卷）I wonder ______ we can solve this problem without their help.
10.（2022 天津卷）Mental health involves______ you process things such as stress and anxiety.
11.（2022 新高考全国卷 Ⅱ）Cobb, for the party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 42 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
12.（2021 全国 I 卷）______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
13.（2021 北京卷）The best moment for the football star was ______ he scored the winning goal.
14.（2021 天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ______ she always has so many crazy ideas.
15.（2020 全国 I 卷）The fact ______ he is a famous scientist is known to us all.
16.（2020 浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted.
17.（2020 天津卷）It is important ______ we should respect the elderly.
18.（真题模拟题）______ surprised us most was not what he said but the way ______ he said it.
（三）模拟题（共 20 题）
I. 短文填空（10 题）
Many people hold the belief ______ money can bring happiness. However, the truth is ______ happiness doesn’t depend on wealth. ______ we need is love and care from others. There is no doubt ______ kindness is more important than money. Some people question ______ we can live a happy life without money. The answer is ______ it is possible if we have a positive attitude. The suggestion ______ we should help each other is worth considering. ______ makes life meaningful is not what we get but what we give. It is a pity ______ some people don’t realize this. We should remember the fact ______ true happiness comes from within.
II. 句子翻译（10 题）
他是否会接受这个邀请还不确定。（主语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我们相信他能按时完成工作。（宾语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
问题是我们如何筹集足够的资金。（表语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
他做出了一个他将努力学习的承诺。（同位语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
众所周知，练习是提高英语的关键。（it 作形式主语）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我不确定他明天是否会来。（宾语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
他成功的原因是他很努力。（表语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我们得到消息说会议将被推迟。（同位语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
无论谁违反规则都将受到惩罚。（主语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我觉得有必要每天练习口语。（it 作形式宾语）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________高中英语语法精讲精练（3）—— 名词性从句
学习目标 2
一、名词性从句基本概念 2
1. 定义 2
2. 本质特征 2
二、名词性从句的引导词 4
1. 引导词概述 4
2. 用法详解 4
3. 练习 5
4. 考点总结 6
5. 重点引导词辨析 7
三、四类名词性从句详解 9
1. 主语从句 9
2. 宾语从句 15
3. 表语从句 19
4. 同位语从句 23
四、高频考点与易错点 26
1. 语序问题 26
2. 虚拟语气 26
3. 主谓一致 26
五、知识点总结 27
六、实战演练 27
（一）基础题（共 20 题） 27
（二）高考真题（共 18 题） 29
（三）模拟题（共 20 题） 31
学习目标
识记：了解名词性从句的基本概念（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和连词的基本用法。
理解：掌握名词性从句的高频考点，如引导词辨析（that/what、whether/if 等）、语序规则、时态呼应等。
应用：学会在语法填空和句子翻译中准确运用名词性从句，能快速判断从句类型并选择合适的引导词。
一、名词性从句基本概念
1. 定义
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的从句，相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此分为四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
2. 本质特征
功能：替代名词，在句中充当名词可承担的成分（主语、宾语等）。
结构：由连接词引导，必须用陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）。
例句解析
主语从句：What he said surprised everyone.（他说的话让所有人惊讶）
（"What he said" 作主语，相当于名词短语）
宾语从句：I don't know where she lives.（我不知道她住在哪里）
（"where she lives" 作动词 know 的宾语）
表语从句：This is why he refused.（这就是他拒绝的原因）
（"why he refused" 作系动词 is 的表语）
同位语从句：He heard the news that his team won.（他听到了他的团队获胜的消息）
（"that his team won" 解释 news 的内容）
基础版练习
完整地将从句划出来并说明是什么类型的从句
That the earth revolves around the sun is a fact.
She told me that she would attend the meeting.
The question is whether we can finish the task on time.
We heard the news that our team had won the championship.
I wonder what he is doing at the moment.
This is where we first met three years ago.
It is strange that he didn’t attend the lecture.
The belief that hard work leads to success is widely accepted.
答案解析：
主语从句（“That the earth revolves around the sun” 作主语，说明事实）
宾语从句（“that she would attend the meeting” 作动词 told 的宾语）
表语从句（“whether we can finish the task on time” 作系动词 is 的表语）
同位语从句（“that our team had won the championship” 解释 news 的内容）
宾语从句（“what he is doing at the moment” 作动词 wonder 的宾语，what 在从句中作宾语）
表语从句（“where we first met three years ago” 作系动词 is 的表语，where 在从句中作地点状语）
主语从句（it 为形式主语，“that he didn’t attend the lecture” 为真正主语）
同位语从句（“that hard work leads to success” 解释抽象名词 belief 的内容）
提升版练习
完整地将从句划出来并说明是什么类型的从句
It remains to be seen whether the new policy will be beneficial to the environment.
The manager didn’t answer the question how the project would be carried out within the budget.
What many people don’t realize is that adequate sleep is crucial for mental health.
There is no denying the fact that artificial intelligence has changed our way of life.
答案解析：
主语从句（it 作形式主语，“whether the new policy will be beneficial to the environment” 为真正主语，符合高考中主语从句用 it 作形式主语的常见考法）。
宾语从句（“how the project would be carried out within the budget” 作动词 answer 的宾语，how 在从句中作方式状语，考查连接副词的用法）。
表语从句（“that adequate sleep is crucial for mental health” 作系动词 is 的表语，that 在从句中不作成分，符合表语从句中 that 的用法规则）。
同位语从句（“that artificial intelligence has changed our way of life” 解释抽象名词 fact 的内容，that 不充当成分，区分于定语从句）。
二、名词性从句的引导词
1. 引导词概述
名词性从句的引导词是连接主句和从句的关键，根据其在从句中是否充当句子成分及含义，可分为三类：连接词（不充当成分）、连接代词（充当主 / 宾 / 表 / 定语）、连接副词（充当状语）。
2. 用法详解
类别 引导词 含义 从句中成分 例句 分析
连接词 that 无实际含义 不充当，仅起连接作用 He said that he would attend the meeting. that 在宾语从句中可省略，仅起连接作用，不影响句意。
whether 是否 不充当成分 Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. whether 引导主语从句且位于句首，不可用 if 替换。
if 是否 不充当，仅连动词的宾从和形式主语的主从 I wonder if she will come tomorrow. if 仅用于动词后的宾语从句，不能用于句首主语从句或表语从句。
连接代词 what …… 的事物 主语、宾语或表语 What he said surprised us. what 在主语从句中作 said 的宾语，指代 “他说的话”。
who 谁 主语 Who will win the game is unknown. who 在主语从句中作主语，指代人。
whom 谁 作宾语 The teacher asked whom we were waiting for. whom 在宾语从句中作 for 的宾语，指代人，口语中可用 who 替代。
which 哪一个 主语、宾语或定语（有范围） She didn’t know which book to choose. which 在宾语从句中作定语，修饰 book，暗含选择范围。
whose 谁的 定语 I don’t know whose pen this is. whose 在宾语从句中作定语，修饰 pen，表所属关系。
whatever 无论什么 作主语、宾语或表语（无范围） Whatever you do, I will support you. whatever 在主语从句中作 do 的宾语，表泛指 “任何事情”。
whoever 无论谁 主语 Whoever comes is welcome. whoever 在主语从句中作主语，表泛指 “任何人”。
连接副词 when 何时 时间状语 I don’t know when he will leave. when 在宾语从句中作时间状语，修饰 leave。
where 何地 地点状语 This is where we met for the first time. where 在表语从句中作地点状语，指代 “我们第一次见面的地方”。
why 为什么 原因状语 The reason is why he refused the offer. why 在表语从句中作原因状语，解释 “原因是什么”。
how 如何、怎样 方式状语 She explained how she solved the problem. how 在宾语从句中作方式状语，说明 “解决问题的方式”。
特别说明
连接词 that 在宾语从句中可省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略（如：That he is honest is true.）。
whether 与 if 的核心区别在于使用场景：whether 适用范围更广，可与 or not 连用（whether...or not），而 if 不可。
连接代词和连接副词在从句中必须充当成分，做题时需先判断从句缺少什么成分（主 / 宾 / 状等），再选择对应引导词。
3. 练习
语法填空（每空限填一个引导词）
______ he will attend the meeting tomorrow is still uncertain.
She asked me ______ I had finished my homework.
The problem is ______ we can solve the crisis within a week.
I don’t know ______ pen this is.
______ broke the window should apologize to the teacher.
He didn’t tell me ______ he would go for vacation.
______ you choose, I will support your decision.
The manager explained ______ the project was delayed.
We haven’t decided ______ to accept the invitation or not.
______ comes to the party must bring a gift.
答案及解析
Whether
解析：考查连接词 whether。句意：他明天是否参加会议还不确定。空格处引导主语从句，位于句首且表 “是否”，根据规则只能用 whether，不能用 if。
if/whether
解析：考查连接词 if/whether。句意：她问我是否完成了作业。空格处引导动词 asked 后的宾语从句，表 “是否”，可用 if 或 whether。
that
解析：考查连接词 that。句意：问题是我们能在一周内解决危机。空格处引导表语从句，从句成分完整且无疑问，用 that（不可省略）。
whose
解析：考查连接代词 whose。句意：我不知道这是谁的钢笔。空格处引导宾语从句，作定语修饰 pen，表所属关系，用 whose。
Who
解析：考查连接代词 who。句意：无论谁打破了窗户都应该向老师道歉。空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语且指人，用 who。
where
解析：考查连接副词 where。句意：他没告诉我要去哪里度假。空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语，用 where。
Whichever
解析：考查连接代词 whichever。句意：无论你选择哪一个，我都会支持你的决定。空格处引导主语从句，表 “无论哪一个”（有范围），用 whichever。
why
解析：考查连接副词 why。句意：经理解释了项目为什么延期。空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作原因状语，用 why。
whether
解析：考查连接词 whether。句意：我们还没决定是否接受邀请。空格处与 or not 连用，表 “是否”，只能用 whether。
Whoever
解析：考查连接代词 whoever。句意：无论谁来参加派对都必须带一份礼物。空格处引导主语从句，表 “无论谁”（泛指），用 whoever。
4. 考点总结
连接词（that/if/whether）：侧重判断从句是否缺 “是否” 含义及使用场景（如 whether 与 or not 连用）。
连接代词（what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever）：需判断从句缺少主 / 宾 / 定语等成分，结合 “范围”（which 有范围，whatever 无范围）选择。
连接副词（when/where/why/how）：需判断从句缺少时间、地点、原因或方式状语，对应选择引导词。
5. 重点引导词辨析
（1）that vs what
that：无意义，不充当成分，仅起连接作用
例句：He said that he would come.（他说他会来）
what：表 “…… 的事物”，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
例句：What he needs is a book.（他需要的是一本书）
that vs what 专项练习
________ he told me yesterday is of great importance.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
I firmly believe ________ honesty is the best policy.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
________ impressed the judges most was the boy’s creativity.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
The teacher made it clear ________ we should hand in the paper before Friday.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
He always does ________ he thinks is right, regardless of others’ opinions.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
答案解析
B what＝the thing(s) that，在从句中作 told 的宾语。
A that 无意义，仅连接 believe 与从句 honesty…，不作成分。
B what 在从句中作主语（=The thing that impressed…）。
A that 引导宾语从句，无意义；it 作形式宾语。
B what 在从句中作主语（=the thing that he thinks is right）。
易错提醒
that 不作成分；what 必须担当主/宾/表语。
若空格后缺主语或宾语，优先 what；不缺则用 that。
（2）whether vs if
共同点：表 “是否”，不充当成分
区别：
whether 可用于主语从句（句首）、表语从句、介词后宾语从句、与 or not 连用
if 仅用于动词后的宾语从句及用 it 作形式主语的主语从句
例句：
Whether he will come is unknown.（正确，主语从句句首）
It is unknown if he will come.（正确，if 引导主语从句需用 it 作形式主语）
The question is whether we should go.（正确，表语从句）
I wonder if/whether he will come.（均可，动词后宾语从句）
whether vs if专项练习
________ we can finish the work on time depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
I don’t know ________ to accept or refuse the offer.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
She asked me ________ I had ever been to Beijing.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
The question is ________ we can trust him or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
Everything depends on ________ we can get the loan from the bank.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
答案与精讲
B 主语从句位于句首，只能用 whether。
B 与 or 连用 → whether…or…。
A/B 动词 ask 后宾语从句，if/whether 皆可；口语常用 if。
B 表语从句 + or not，只能用 whether。
B 介词 on 后宾语从句，只能用 whether。
口诀速记
“句首介后表从用 whether；动词后宾从两可；or not 总跟 whether”。
（3）-ever 系列（whatever, whoever 等）
含义：“无论……”“凡是……”，表泛指，可作主语、宾语等
例句：Whoever comes will be welcome.（无论谁来都欢迎）
（whoever 在从句中作主语，相当于 anyone who）
专项练习 -ever 系列
1. ________ breaks the law will be punished.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whom D. Whomever
You can choose ________ course interests you most.
A. whichever B. whatever C. that D. what
________ much advice you give him, he won’t change his mind.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whenever
________ team wins the match will represent our school.
A. That B. Which C. Whichever D. What
Give the book to ________ needs it.
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. whom
答案与精讲
B whoever＝anyone who，在从句中作主语。
A whichever＝any course that，强调“无论哪一门”。
B however＝no matter how，后接形容词/副词 much。
C whichever team＝the team that，表示“无论哪一队”。
C whoever＝anyone who，在从句中作主语；whom/whomever 不作主语。
易混对比
who/what 等指具体对象；-ever 泛指“无论……”。
whoever 与 whomever：从句缺主语用 whoever，缺宾语才用 whomever。
三、四类名词性从句详解
1. 主语从句
（1）基本结构
例句：观察从句的位置
How he solved the problem remains a secret.（他如何解决问题仍是秘密）
It is natural that children love their parents.（孩子爱父母是自然的）
直接位于句首：
That he is honest is true. 他诚实是真的。
用 it 作形式主语（避免头重脚轻）：
It is true that he is honest.
（2）常见句型
句型结构 常见搭配 例句 解析
It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 important, necessary, natural, clear, strange, obvious It is necessary that we (should) wear masks in crowded places. 形容词描述从句内容的性质，strange/ necessary 等后的从句常用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省略）。
It + be + 名词 + that 从句 a pity, a fact, a shame, no wonder, an honor It is a pity that you missed the concert. 名词多为抽象名词，说明从句内容的属性。
It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 said, reported, believed, known, suggested It is reported that the typhoon will land tomorrow. 过去分词表被动，多为 “据说 / 据报道” 等固定表达。
It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 happens, appears, seems, matters It matters that we keep our promise. 不及物动词多为 “发生 / 似乎 / 重要” 等，从句说明具体内容。
（3）引导词的特殊用法
if 不可引导句首主语从句：表示 “是否” 时，只能用 whether 置于句首，如：
Whether he will attend the meeting is unclear.（√）；
If he will attend the meeting is unclear.（×）。
what 与 that 的区分：what 在从句中需作成分（主 / 宾 / 表），that 不作成分，如：
What surprised us is his decision.（what 作主语）；
That he made that decision surprised us.（that 仅连接）。
（4）主谓一致的特殊情况
基本规则：主语从句作主语时，主句谓语动词通常用单数
that 引导的主语从句
例句：That he passed the exam makes his parents proud.（他通过考试让父母很骄傲）
解析：that 从句表述单一事实，主句谓语用单数。
连接代词 / 副词引导的主语从句
例句：How the team will win the game is still a mystery.（球队如何获胜仍是个谜）
解析：从句表达一个整体概念，谓语用单数。
特殊规则：根据从句含义或表语判断谓语单复数
what 引导的主语从句
当 what 表示单数概念（指代一件事 / 一个事物）时，谓语用单数：
What he said is true.（他说的话是真的）
当 what 表示复数概念（指代多件事 / 多个事物）时，谓语用复数：
What he bought are three books and a pen.（他买的是三本书和一支笔）
当表语为复数时，主句谓语随表语变化：
What he needs are some new tools.（他需要的是一些新工具）
并列结构作主语从句
由 and 连接两个并列从句时，若表示两个独立概念，谓语用复数：
When the meeting will start and where it will be held are not decided.（会议何时何地召开尚未决定）
若表示同一概念，谓语用单数：
When and how he will arrive is unknown.（他何时及如何到达还不清楚）
高考高频考点：形式主语 it 后的主谓一致
it 作形式主语时，主句谓语单复数由真正的主语从句决定（通常为单数）：
It is important that we study hard.（我们努力学习很重要）
It has been proved that exercise is good for health.（锻炼有益健康已被证实）
例外情况：当从句含复数含义且表语为复数时，谓语可随表语变化（罕见）：
It are these factors that influence the result.（正是这些因素影响结果）
解析：此句为强调句型变体，需结合语境判断，高考中极少出现。
易错点辨析
错误例句 正确例句 解析
When they will come are unclear. When they will come is unclear. 从句表单一概念，谓语用单数。
What he said and did is surprising. What he said and did are surprising. 从句含 “说” 和 “做” 两个动作，表复数含义，谓语用复数。
What I need is some books. What I need are some books. 表语为复数，谓语随表语用复数。
真题链接
（2021 全国甲卷）What matters is not your appearance but your ability.（重要的不是你的外表而是能力）
解析：what 表单数概念，谓语用 is。
（2020 江苏卷）What he left are some old photos and a letter.（他留下的是一些旧照片和一封信）
解析：what 指代复数物品，谓语用 are。
（5）与强调句的区分
主语从句：
It is unclear what he wants.（it 为形式主语，真正主语是 what 从句）。
强调句：
It is what he wants that matters.（强调句结构，去掉 It is...that 后句子仍完整：What he wants matters.）。
（6）高考真题常见陷阱
语序错误：误将从句用疑问句语序，如：
When will he arrive is unknown.（×）→ When he will arrive is unknown.（√）。
虚拟语气遗漏：在 It is important that... 句型中，漏用 should，如：
It is important that he works hard.（×）→ It is important that he (should) work hard.（√）。
（7）主语从句练习
I. 语法填空（每空限填 1 词）
______ he will join the club depends on his parents' attitude.
It is necessary that we ______ (improve) our communication skills.
______ surprised us most was her sudden decision to quit.
It ______ (report) that the new policy will be carried out next month.
The question is ______ the meeting will be postponed.
II. 单句改错（每句 1 处错误）
If she will come to the party is still unknown.
What he said and did were inspiring to all of us.
It is important that a student masters a foreign language.
When will they start the project is not decided yet.
The fact what he won the prize made his family proud.
III. 句型转换（按要求改写句子）
That he is always late for class annoys the teacher.（用 it 作形式主语）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
Whether they will sign the contract is under discussion.（改为含形式主语的句子）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
It is said that the singer will hold a concert in our city.（改为直接主语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 句子翻译（根据汉语提示完成句子）
他为什么拒绝这个提议仍然是个谜。（主语从句，why 引导）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我们需要的是更多的实践机会。（what 引导主语从句）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
很明显，他没有说实话。（it 作形式主语，that 引导）
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
V. 短文填空（在空白处填入适当的引导词）
1. ______ we can succeed in the competition depends on two factors: 2. ______ we have prepared fully and 3. ______ we can keep calm under pressure. It is believed 4. ______ teamwork plays a key role. Some members suggest 5. ______ we should have a final discussion tonight. However, 6. ______ will attend the discussion remains unclear. 7. ______ is certain is that we must make every effort to achieve our goal.
答案及解析
I. 语法填空
Whether（主语从句表 “是否”，位于句首用 whether）
(should) improve（It is necessary that... 从句用虚拟语气）
What（从句缺主语，表 “…… 的事情” 用 what）
is reported（It is reported that... 为固定句型）
whether（表语从句表 “是否”，用 whether）
II. 单句改错
If→Whether（句首主语从句表 “是否” 用 whether）
were→was（what 引导的从句表单数概念，谓语用单数）
masters→(should) master（It is important that... 从句用虚拟语气）
will they start→they will start（主语从句用陈述句语序）
what→that（同位语从句解释 fact 的内容，用 that）
III. 句型转换
It annoys the teacher that he is always late for class.（it 作形式主语，that 从句为真正主语）
It is under discussion whether they will sign the contract.（it 作形式主语）
That the singer will hold a concert in our city is said.（直接用 that 从句作主语）
IV. 句子翻译
Why he refused the offer remains a mystery.（why 引导主语从句）
What we need are more practical chances.（what 引导主语从句，表语为复数，谓语用 are）
It is obvious that he didn't tell the truth.（it 作形式主语）
V. 短文填空
Whether（表 “是否”，引导主语从句）
whether（表 “是否”，与下文并列）
how（表 “如何”，作方式状语）
that（It is believed that... 固定句型）
that（宾语从句，that 可省略）
who（表 “谁”，引导主语从句）
What（表 “…… 的事情”，引导主语从句）
2. 宾语从句
（一）核心用法详解
作动词宾语
基本结构：
及物动词 + 宾语从句（that 可省略，但若从句含两个及以上并列句，第二个 that 不可省）
例句：
She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift.
她说明天会来，还会带礼物。
时态呼应规则：
主句为现在时 / 将来时，从句时态根据实际情况而定：
He thinks we will finish the task by Friday.（他认为我们周五前能完成任务）
主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（客观真理 / 事实除外）：
She told me she had seen the movie before.（她告诉我她之前看过这部电影）
The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.（客观真理用一般现在时）
否定前移：主句谓语为 think/believe/suppose 等时，从句否定需移至主句：
误：I think he won’t agree.
正：I don’t think he will agree.（我认为他不会同意）
作介词宾语
常见介词：
about, of, in, on, without 等（except/but/in 后可接 that 引导的从句）
例句：
He is worried about whether he can pass the exam.
他担心能否通过考试。
I know nothing about him except that he is from London.
除了知道他来自伦敦，我对他一无所知。
禁忌：
介词后不可用 if 表 “是否”，需用 whether；不可直接接 that（except/but/in 除外）：
误：We talked about if we should go.
正：We talked about whether we should go.
作形容词的宾语从句
基本概念：
部分形容词后可接宾语从句，说明形容词所描述的心理状态、情感或观点的具体内容。这类形容词多表达 “确信、担忧、遗憾、高兴” 等情感，从句由 that, whether, if 或连接代词 / 副词引导。
常见形容词及例句：
形容词 含义 例句
sure 确信的 I am sure that he will keep his promise.（我确信他会信守承诺）
afraid 担心的 She is afraid that she will miss the train.（她担心会错过火车）
sorry 抱歉的 I'm sorry that I forgot your birthday.（抱歉我忘了你的生日）
glad 高兴的 We are glad that you can join us.（很高兴你能加入我们）
certain 确定的 He is certain whether the plan will work.（他不确定计划是否可行）
surprised 惊讶的 They were surprised what he said at the meeting.（他们对他在会上说的话感到惊讶）
形式宾语 it
适用场景：当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，用 it 作形式宾语，避免句子结构失衡
句型：主语 + 动词（find/think/make/consider 等） + it + 宾补（adj./n.） + that 从句
例句：
I find it necessary that we practice speaking English daily.（我发现每天练习说英语很有必要）
We consider it a pity that she missed the lecture.（我们认为她错过讲座很可惜）
（二）引导词用法：
that：最常用，可省略，表达肯定的情感或事实，如：
I'm proud (that) my son won the prize.
whether/if：表 “是否”，用于不确定的情感，如：
She is worried whether she can pass the test.
（不可用 if 替换 whether，因与 or not 连用时需用 whether，但单纯表 “是否” 时可换）
连接代词 / 副词：根据句意表达具体疑问，如：
I'm not sure how he solved the problem.
（三）高考易错点警示
语序错误：宾语从句需用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后）
误：He asked where was the nearest bank.
正：He asked where the nearest bank was.（他问最近的银行在哪里）
虚拟语气遗漏：在表示 “建议 / 命令 / 要求” 的动词（suggest/demand/order/insist 等）后，宾语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”
例句：
The manager suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tomorrow.
经理建议我们明天开会。
if 与 whether 混淆：whether 可与 or not 连用，if 不可；whether 可接不定式，if 不可
例句：
I haven’t decided whether to go or not.（正确）
I haven’t decided if to go or not.（错误）
作形容词宾语时的引导词误用：在 “be + 形容词” 结构后，表 “是否” 时虽可用 if，但正式语境中更倾向用 whether，尤其是与 or not 连用时必须用 whether，如：
I'm not sure whether he will come or not.（正确）；
I'm not sure if he will come or not.（错误）
（四）专项练习及解析
I. 语法填空
① She wondered ______ she could get a ticket for the concert.
② The teacher insists that we ______ (hand) in our homework on time.
③ We think ______ important that students should take exercise regularly.
④ I'm not sure ______ he will arrive on time.
答案：① whether/if ② (should) hand ③ it ④ whether/if
解析：① 动词 wondered 后表 “是否”，可用 whether/if；② insist 表 “要求”，从句用虚拟语气；③ it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是 that 从句；④ 形容词 sure 后表 “是否”，可用 whether/if。
II. 单句改错
① He asked me where did I go yesterday.
② I don’t doubt if he will keep his promise.
③ She told me that she has visited the Great Wall twice.
④ They are certain if the project will be completed.
答案：① did I go → I went（陈述句语序）；② if → that（doubt 否定句中用 that）；③ has → had（主句过去时，从句用过去完成时）；④ if → whether（形容词 certain 后表 “是否”，正式语境用 whether）。
III. 句子翻译
① 他不确定是否该接受这个挑战。（whether 引导）
→ He is not sure whether he should accept the challenge.
② 我们发现她能流利说三门语言很令人惊讶。（形式宾语 it）
→ We find it surprising that she can speak three languages fluently.
③ 我很抱歉我没能参加你的婚礼。（作形容词的宾语从句）
→ I'm sorry that I couldn't attend your wedding.
IV. 短文填空
Tom wanted to know ______ his father would allow him to join the club. He asked his mother ______ she could help him talk to his father. His mother said she didn’t know ______ his father would agree, but she promised ______ she would try. She was afraid ______ Tom would be disappointed if he couldn’t join. In fact, Tom was worried about ______ he could balance club activities and his studies.
答案：whether/if；if/whether；whether；that；that；whether
解析：前三空表 “是否”，分别位于动词 know/asked/said 后；第四空 that 无意义，引导宾语从句；第五空形容词 afraid 后接 that 从句；最后一空介词 about 后用 whether。
3. 表语从句
（一）核心用法与结构特征
基本构成
表语从句位于系动词之后，形成 “主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句” 结构，用于说明主语的性质、状态或内容。
常见系动词：be（是）、look（看起来）、seem（似乎）、remain（仍然）、appear（显得）、sound（听起来）、turn out（结果是）等。
例句：
Her main concern is whether she can pass the interview.（她最担心的是能否通过面试）
The result turned out that our team won the championship.（结果是我们队赢得了冠军）
核心功能
用于解释主语的具体含义，如：
定义概念：A dictionary is what helps us look up new words.（字典是帮助我们查生词的工具）
说明原因 / 结果：His anger is that he was cheated by his partner.（他生气是因为被搭档欺骗了）
（二）引导词分类及用法
引导词类型 典型引导词 用法说明 例句
连接词 that, whether that 无意义，不省略；whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if 替换 The fact is that he lied. 事实是他撒谎了； The question is whether we should go. 问题是我们是否该走。
连接代词 what, who, which, whose 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，表达具体指代内容 The winner is who finishes first.（获胜者是第一个完成的人）； I don’t know whose book this is.（我不知道这是谁的书）
连接副词 when, where, why, how 在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因或方式 That is where we met for the first time.（那是我们第一次见面的地方）； The problem is how we can reduce costs.（问题是我们如何降低成本）
特殊引导词 as if/as though, because as if/as though 表 “好像”，可接虚拟语气；because 表原因（主语多为 it/ this /that） She acts as if she were a princess.（她表现得像个公主）； It is because you didn’t keep your promise.（那是因为你没信守承诺）
（三）高频句型与固定搭配
The reason why... is that...（…… 的原因是……）
例句：
The reason why he resigned is that he couldn’t stand the pressure.
他辞职的原因是无法承受压力。
【易错点】reason 后必须用 that 引导表语从句，不可用 because。
This/That is why...（这 / 那就是…… 的原因）（表结果）
例句：
He overslept. That is why he missed the flight.
他睡过头了，这就是错过航班的原因。
This/That/It is because...（这 / 那 / 那是因为……）（表原因）
用法解析：
该句型中 because 引导表语从句，专门用于说明前文所述情况的原因，主语通常为 this/that/it（指代前文提到的事情），从句需用陈述句语序。
主语使用区别：
this/that 指代具体的人或事，如：She was late. That is because she got stuck in traffic.（她迟到了，那是因为堵车了）
it 为形式主语，不具体指代某事物，仅用于引出原因，如：It is because you lack experience that you failed.（你失败是因为缺乏经验）
与 because 引导原因状语从句的区别：
表语从句中的 because 强调 “前文情况的原因”，而原因状语从句中的 because 强调 “导致主句结果的原因”，如：He stayed at home because he was ill.（原因状语从句，强调生病导致居家）；He stayed at home. That is because he was ill.（表语从句，强调居家的原因是生病）
高考常见语境：
多用于回答 why 引导的问句或解释前文现象，如：
—Why did he refuse the offer —That is because he had other plans.
— 他为什么拒绝这个提议？— 那是因为他有其他计划。
It seems/looks as if...（看起来好像……）
例句：
It looks as if the concert will be cancelled.（看起来这场音乐会要取消了）
（四）虚拟语气专项解析
as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气
适用场景：描述与事实相反的假设时，从句用虚拟语气；描述真实情况时用陈述语气。
时态规则：
假设类型 从句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去时（be 动词用 were） He talks as if he knew all the secrets.（他说话好像知道所有秘密似的）
与过去事实相反 过去完成时（had + 过去分词） She cried as if she had been hurt deeply.（她哭起来好像受了重伤似的）
与将来事实相反 would/might + 动词原形 It seems as if it would rain cats and dogs.（好像要下倾盆大雨了）
建议 / 命令类表语从句
当主语为 suggestion, advice, order 等名词时，表语从句用 “(should) + 动词原形”：
My suggestion is that we (should) start planning now.
我的建议是现在就开始计划。
The order is that all tasks (should) be completed by Friday.
命令是所有任务周五前完成。
（五）高考易错点警示
引导词误用
表语从句中表 “是否” 只能用 whether，不能用 if：
误：The doubt is if he will come.
正：The doubt is whether he will come.
reason 后接表语从句用 that，不用 because：
误：The reason for his absence is because he was ill.
正：The reason for his absence is that he was ill.
语序错误
表语从句需用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后）：
误：The question is how can we solve this problem.
正：The question is how we can solve this problem.
虚拟语气时态错误
描述与过去事实相反的情况时，需用过去完成时：
误：She looks as if she saw a ghost.
正：She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
（五）专项练习及解析
I. 语法填空
① She behaves as if she ______ (be) the boss.（实际她不是）
② My suggestion is that we ______ (start) early tomorrow.
③ It looks as if it ______ (rain) last night.（实际没下）
答案：① were ② (should) start ③ had rained
解析：① 与现在事实相反，be 动词用 were；② 建议类表语从句，用 (should) start；③ 与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。
II. 单句改错
① It seems as if he will know the answer.（实际他不知道）
② The order is that all students must attend the lecture.
③ The reason why she left is because she felt lonely.
答案：① will know→knew（与现在事实相反，用过去时）；② must→(should)（命令类虚拟语气）；③ because→that（reason 后用 that）。
III. 句子翻译
① 他看起来好像多年没见她了。（as if，与过去事实相反）
→ He looks as if he hadn’t seen her for years.
② 我的建议是我们应该立即采取行动。（表语从句，虚拟语气）
→ My suggestion is that we (should) take action immediately.
③ 她说话的样子仿佛她什么都懂。（as if，与现在事实相反）
→ She speaks as if she knew everything.
IV. 短文填空
The fact is ______ progress requires effort. It seems ______ some students don’t understand this. My advice is ______ they (should) change their attitude. It looks ______ they would waste time, but the truth is ______ they are afraid of failure. That is ______ they need encouragement.
答案：that；as if；that；as if；that；why
解析：第一、五空用 that 引导表语从句；第二、四空表 “好像”，用 as if；第三空建议类虚拟语气，用 that；第六空表 “原因”，用 why。
4. 同位语从句
（一）核心特征与构成
基本定义
同位语从句是对其前面的抽象名词（称为 “先行词”）进行解释说明，说明该名词的具体内容，二者在逻辑上是 “同等关系”。
常见先行词：news（消息）、idea（想法）、fact（事实）、promise（承诺）、belief（信念）、doubt（疑问）、hope（希望）、suggestion（建议）、order（命令）、question（问题）等。
例句：
We heard the news that our team had won.（我们听到了我们队获胜的消息）
He expressed his belief that all people are equal.（他表达了所有人都是平等的信念）
结构形式
先行词 + 引导词 + 同位语从句（陈述句语序）
注意：
当先行词后有定语、谓语等成分时，同位语从句可能与先行词分隔（称为 “分隔式同位语从句”），避免句子头重脚轻。
例句：
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.（有句谚语说熟能生巧）
（goes 是谓语，分隔了先行词 saying 和同位语从句）
（二）引导词分类及用法
引导词 用法说明 例句
that 无意义，不充当成分，不可省略（即使在口语中） The fact that he lied to us surprised everyone.（他对我们撒谎的事实让所有人惊讶）
whether 表 “是否”，不充当成分，不可用 if 替换，常用于 doubt, question 等词后 There is some doubt whether he will arrive on time.（他是否能准时到还有些疑问）
连接代词 what, who, which, whose（在从句中作主语、宾语、定语） The question who will lead the project needs to be discussed.（谁来领导这个项目的问题需要讨论）
连接副词 when, where, why, how（在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因、方式） I have no idea when the meeting will start.（我不知道会议什么时候开始）
高考警示：
that 在同位语从句中绝对不可省略，与定语从句中 that 可省略（作宾语时）形成对比。
whether 可接不定式（to do），if 不可，如：He has no idea whether to accept the offer.（他不知道是否接受这个提议）
（三）与定语从句的深层区别
对比维度 同位语从句 定语从句
功能 解释先行词的具体内容 （同等关系） 修饰先行词的性质特征 （修饰关系）
引导词 that 的作用 无意义，不充当成分，不可省略 有意义（指代先行词），充当主语 / 宾语，作宾语时可省略
与先行词的关系 从句 = 先行词（如：The news that he won = The news: “He won”） 从句 ≠ 先行词（如：The news that he told me 指 “他告诉我的那个消息”）
典型例句 I got the message that the flight was cancelled.（消息内容是 “航班取消”） I got the message that he sent yesterday.（他昨天发的那个消息）
（四）高考高频考点
虚拟语气的使用
当先行词是 suggestion, advice, order, demand 等表示 “建议、命令、要求” 的名词时，同位语从句谓语用 “(should) + 动词原形”。
例句：
The suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting is reasonable.（我们开个会的建议很合理）
He gave an order that all work (should) stop at once.（他下令所有工作立即停止）
分隔式同位语从句的识别
当先行词与从句被谓语、定语等隔开时，需通过逻辑判断是否为同位语从句（解释内容）。
例句：
Evidence came up that the suspect had been in the city.（有证据表明嫌疑人曾在这座城市）
（came up 是谓语，隔开了先行词 evidence 和从句）
（五）专项练习及解析
I. 语法填空
① We were excited at the news ______ our team had won the championship.
② There is no doubt ______ he will keep his promise.
③ The question ______ should be responsible for the accident remains unanswered.
答案：① that ② that ③ who
解析：① news 后用 that 解释内容；② “There is no doubt that...” 为固定句型；③ 从句缺主语，表 “谁” 用 who。
II. 单句改错
① The fact if he succeeded surprised us all.
② He made a promise what he would help us.
③ The suggestion which we should start early was accepted.
答案：① if→that（同位语从句表事实用 that）；② what→that（promise 后用 that 解释内容）；③ which→that（suggestion 后同位语从句用 that）。
III. 句子翻译
① 他提出了我们应该立即采取行动的建议。（suggestion + 同位语从句）
→ He put forward the suggestion that we (should) take action immediately.
② 我不知道她为什么拒绝了这个邀请。（idea + 同位语从句）
→ I have no idea why she refused the invitation.
IV. 短文填空
The teacher announced the news ______ the exam would be postponed. This was a great relief to students, most of whom had the belief ______ they needed more time to prepare. However, there was some doubt ______ the delay would cause new problems.
答案：that；that；whether
解析：第一空 news 后用 that 解释内容；第二空 belief 后用 that 说明信念；第三空 doubt 后表 “是否” 用 whether。
四、高频考点与易错点
1. 语序问题
名词性从句必须用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后）
例句：Do you know when he will come （正确）
Do you know when will he come （错误）
2. 虚拟语气
在表示 “建议、命令、要求” 的名词性从句中，谓语用 “(should) + 动词原形”
例句：He suggested that we (should) leave early.（他建议我们早走）
My advice is that he (should) study hard.
3. 主谓一致
主语从句作主语，谓语一般用单数；what 引导的主语从句，谓语单复数由从句或表语决定
例句：What he said is true.（单数）
What he gave me are books.（表语 books 为复数，谓语用复数）
易错点练习
找出错误并改正：
I don't know if he will come or not.
The reason why he failed is because he was careless.
It is important that we will finish the work.
答案解析：
if → whether（与 or not 连用用 whether）
because → that（The reason why... is that... 为固定句型）
will finish → (should) finish（important 后的主语从句用虚拟语气）
五、知识点总结
引导词辨析：that 无意义不充当成分；what/which/who 等作成分；whether 表 “是否”（句首 / 介词后 / 与 or not 连用）。
语序：所有名词性从句用陈述句语序。
虚拟语气：suggestion/order 等词后的同位语从句及表语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”。
形式主语 / 宾语：it 可代替 that 从句作形式主语 / 宾语，避免头重脚轻。
与定语从句区别：同位语从句解释内容（that 不充当成分），定语从句修饰名词（that 充当成分）。
六、实战演练
（一）基础题（共 20 题）
I. 语法填空（10 题）
______ he will come or not depends on the weather.
It is strange ______ she didn’t attend the meeting.
I don’t know ______ he did it for.
The news ______ our team won the game excited everyone.
The problem is ______ we can get enough money.
She made a promise ______ she would help us.
______ caused the accident is still a mystery.
I think ______ necessary that we practice English every day.
The question ______ should be responsible has not been decided.
His suggestion ______ we should start early is reasonable.
答案：1. Whether 2. that 3. what 4. that 5. whether 6. that 7. What 8. it 9. who 10. that
解析：
主语从句表 “是否”，位于句首用 Whether；
It 作形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的从句；
宾语从句中缺宾语，表 “什么” 用 what；
同位语从句解释 news 的内容，用 that；
表语从句表 “是否” 用 whether；
同位语从句解释 promise 的内容，用 that；
主语从句缺主语，表 “什么” 用 What；
it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是 that 从句；
同位语从句缺主语，表 “谁” 用 who；
同位语从句解释 suggestion 的内容，用 that。
II. 单句改错（10 题）
If he will go there is not clear.
The fact which he told us is true.
I doubt that he can finish the work on time.
The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.
It is reported when the typhoon will land tomorrow.
She asked me where is the nearest bank.
My idea is that we must finish the task today.
There is no doubt whether he is honest.
He made a promise what he would come.
The question is if we should accept the offer.
答案：
1. If→Whether 2. which→that 3. that→whether 4. because→that 5. when→that
6. is the nearest bank→the nearest bank is 7. must→(should) 8. whether→that 9. what→that 10. if→whether
解析：
句首主语从句表 “是否” 用 Whether；
定语从句中 that 作 told 的宾语，which 改为 that；
doubt 肯定句中用 whether 表 “是否”；
reason 后表语从句用 that；
主语从句表事实，用 that；
宾语从句用陈述句语序；
表语从句表建议，用 (should)+ 动词原形；
“There is no doubt that...” 为固定句型；
同位语从句用 that；
表语从句表 “是否” 用 whether。
（二）高考真题（共 18 题）
1.（2025 北京卷）The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here.
答案：what
解析：此处为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，需要指代 “可被猜测的内容”，what 在名词性从句中可作主语，且能指代具体内容，故填 what。
2.（2025 全国二卷）Nothing in my life before prepared me ______ this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
答案：for what
解析：句中 “prepared me” 后需接介词 for，构成 “prepare sb. for sth.” 结构；此处 sth. 为宾语从句，从句缺主语，表 “这样的情况”，用 what 引导，故填 for what。
3.（2024 全国甲卷）How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
答案：what
解析：介词 in 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，需表达 “…… 的地方”，what 可在从句中作主语，指代具体地点所对应的内容，故填 what。
4.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ______ they’ll promote.
答案：what
解析：此处为表语从句，从句中 promote 后缺少宾语，需指代 “促销的内容”，what 可在名词性从句中作宾语，表具体事物，故填 what。
5.（2023 全国甲卷）______ matters most is not your score but your attitude.
答案：What
解析：此句为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，需表达 “…… 的事情”，what 在主语从句中可作主语，且能指代具体事情，句首首字母大写，故填 What。
6.（2023 浙江卷）We have learned from the story ______ kindness can bring happiness.
答案：that
解析：此处为宾语从句，从句 “kindness can bring happiness” 结构完整，不缺成分，that 在宾语从句中无意义且不充当成分，故填 that。
7.（2023 天津卷）______ he will attend the party depends on his parents’ permission.
答案：Whether
解析：此句为主语从句，需表达 “是否” 的含义，if 不能用于句首引导主语从句，whether 可用于句首表 “是否”，句首首字母大写，故填 Whether。
8.（2022 全国甲卷）The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew ______ to settle it.
答案：how
解析：此处为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，相当于宾语从句的简化形式，需表达 “如何解决”，how 表方式，故填 how。
9.（2022 全国乙卷）I wonder ______ we can solve this problem without their help.
答案：if/whether
解析：此处为宾语从句，需表达 “是否” 的含义，在及物动词 wonder 后，可用 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句表 “是否”，故填 if/whether。
10.（2022 天津卷）Mental health involves ______ you process things such as stress and anxiety.
答案：how
解析：此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，需表达 “如何处理”，how 在名词性从句中可作方式状语，故填 how。
11.（2022 新高考全国卷 Ⅱ）Cobb, for the party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
答案：if/whether
解析：此处为 ask 后的宾语从句，需表达 “是否能远程发言”，在及物动词 ask 后，可用 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句表 “是否”，故填 if/whether。
12.（2021 全国 I 卷）______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
答案：What
解析：此句为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，需表达 “…… 的事物”，what 在主语从句中可作主语，指代具体事物，句首首字母大写，故填 What。
13.（2021 北京卷）The best moment for the football star was ______ he scored the winning goal.
答案：when
解析：此处为表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，需表达 “…… 的时候”，when 在名词性从句中可作时间状语，故填 when。
14.（2021 天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ______ she always has so many crazy ideas.
答案：why
解析：此处为表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，需表达 “…… 的原因”，why 在名词性从句中可作原因状语，故填 why。
15.（2020 全国 I 卷）The fact ______ he is a famous scientist is known to us all.
答案：that
解析：此处为同位语从句，用于解释 fact 的具体内容，从句结构完整，不缺成分，that 在同位语从句中无意义且不充当成分，故填 that。
16.（2020 浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted.
答案：what
解析：介词 on 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，需指代 “可捕猎的东西”，what 在宾语从句中可作主语，表具体事物，故填 what。
17.（2020 天津卷）It is important ______ we should respect the elderly.
答案：that
解析：此处 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句 “we should respect the elderly” 结构完整，不缺成分，that 在主语从句中无意义且不充当成分，故填 that。
18.（真题模拟题）______ surprised us most was not what he said but the way ______ he said it.
答案：What；that
解析：第一空为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表 “…… 的事情”，用 What；第二空为定语从句，先行词是 the way，定语从句中关系词可用 that/in which / 不填，此处填 that。
（三）模拟题（共 20 题）
I. 短文填空（10 题）
Many people hold the belief ______ money can bring happiness. However, the truth is ______ happiness doesn’t depend on wealth. ______ we need is love and care from others. There is no doubt ______ kindness is more important than money. Some people question ______ we can live a happy life without money. The answer is ______ it is possible if we have a positive attitude. The suggestion ______ we should help each other is worth considering. ______ makes life meaningful is not what we get but what we give. It is a pity ______ some people don’t realize this. We should remember the fact ______ true happiness comes from within.
答案：that; that; What; that; whether; that; that; What; that; that
解析：均为名词性从句，其中第 3、8 空为主语从句，缺主语用 What；其余多为同位语从句或表语从句，用 that；第 5 空表 “是否” 用 whether。
II. 句子翻译（10 题）
他是否会接受这个邀请还不确定。（主语从句）
→ Whether he will accept the invitation is uncertain.
我们相信他能按时完成工作。（宾语从句）
→ We believe that he can finish the work on time.
问题是我们如何筹集足够的资金。（表语从句）
→ The problem is how we can raise enough money.
他做出了一个他将努力学习的承诺。（同位语从句）
→ He made a promise that he would study hard.
众所周知，练习是提高英语的关键。（it 作形式主语）
→ It is known to all that practice is the key to improving English.
我不确定他明天是否会来。（宾语从句）
→ I am not sure whether he will come tomorrow.
他成功的原因是他很努力。（表语从句）
→ The reason why he succeeded is that he worked hard.
我们得到消息说会议将被推迟。（同位语从句）
→ We got the news that the meeting would be postponed.
无论谁违反规则都将受到惩罚。（主语从句）
→ Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
我觉得有必要每天练习口语。（it 作形式宾语）
→ I find it necessary to practice speaking every day.
