【重质高效】初中英语语法：名词 精讲+练习（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
英语学科教师辅导讲义
学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
授课类型 T C 名词 T
授课日期及时段 ××年××月×× 日 ×：×——×：× 副校长签字
教学内容
个体名词 专有名词 可数名词 名词分类 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 不可数名词 抽象名词 可数名词的规则变化 名词的数 不规则变化名词 不可数名词的数 Of所有格的构成及用法 名词所有格 ’s所有格的构成及用法 双重所有格
名词复数形式的变化规则如下表：
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加s 清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后读/z/t后读/ts/d后读/dz/ Cake-cakesDay-daysStudent-studentsBed-beds
以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词 加es 读/iz/ Bus-busesBox-boxesWatch-watchesDish-dishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i，再加es 读/z/ City-citiesCountry-countriesLady-ladies
以元音字母加y结尾的词 加s 读/z/ Toy-toysMonkey-monkeys
以f(e)结尾的词 变f(e)为ves 读/vz/ Leaf-leavesWife-wives
以ce, se, ze, (d)ge等结尾的词 加s 读/iz/ Face-facesOrange-oranges
不规则名词变化：
某国人变复数
记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。
例如：中国人a Chinese-Chinese 日本人a Japanese-Japanese 英国人an Englishman-an Englishmen
以o结尾的名词
记忆口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
以辅音字母+o结尾的 多数加es hero-heroes Negro-Negroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes
以元音字母+o结尾的及以o结尾的外来词汇加s radio-radios zoo-zoos kangroo-kangroos
名词修饰名词时，若前面的名词是man, woman 变复数时。前后两个名词全都要变成复数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式
例：man teacher- men teachers boy student- boy students
有些以f, ef结尾的单词直接加s变成复数
Roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs
单复数同形
Fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese
其他形式
Man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice
不可数名词的数
（1）表示方法：不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”来表示这样的结构，
例： a piece of paper a drop of water two cups of tea
(2)不少名词在汉语中是可数的，但在英语里却不可数，例：
A piece of news a piece of advice a piece of bread a piece of work
A bottle of ink a basket of food a block of ice a pair of glasses/trousers
(1).名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是’s所有格；另一种是of所有格，如：
Beijing is China’s capital.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2).用and链接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后加’s.
This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。
用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加’s表示所有关系
These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.
这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。
（3）.以s结尾的名词，在s后加“’”；不以s结尾的词，在词尾加’s
Children’s Day Teachers’ Day
(4).of 所有格常用来表示无生命的东西
The door of the room 房间的门
(5).双重所有格的两种形式
a. of+名词所有格 b. of+ 名词性物主代词
He is a friend of my brother’s. 他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
Is she a daughter of yours 她是你的女儿吗？
(6).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s代表全称
At the doctor’s 在诊所
(7).一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如someone everybody等和else连用时，’s应加在else后
Somebody else’s pencil 别人的铅笔
(8).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以在词尾加’s或’来构成所有格
a.用于时间
an hour’s ride two weeks’time
b.用于度量
thirteen tons’ weight five hundred metres’ distance
中考真题常考名词
A：activity address advertisement advantage advice attention athlete
B: balance bottom business
C: challenge change chance collection contribution choice competition custom courage
D: decision design difference discussion duty distance description director direction
E: education effort energy experiment expression environment excuse exhibition experience
F: feeling fun
H: habit hobby honour
I: information importance instruction interest invention influence invitation
M/N: mood noise
O: offer opinion organization
P: protection praise patient progress problem promise pride
R: reason relation result report research
S: service shape stranger sight style support suggestion success sense
T: traffic tourist tradition trouble
V: voice visitor value volunteer
第一类
family team audience class
这类词若视为整体，表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义则谓语动词用复数。
例：His family is large. 他的家庭是个大家庭
His family are all waiting for him. 他的家里人都在等他。
第二类
People cattle police
这类词只有单数形式，却表示复数意义；因此作主语时谓语用复数；不与a/an连用，但可用the.
例： The police are looking for him.
PS:表示牲畜的头数，用head;如：5 head(单复数同形) of cattle
第三类
Goods clothes
这类词只有复数形式（通常不与数词连用）
例： Such clothes are expensive.
第四类
Baggage/luggage clothing furniture poetry scenery jewelry equipment machinery
这类词是不可数名词，只有单数形式（不用不定冠词，也不能用数词）
注：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。
如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗 many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器
第五类
补充几个常考的集合名词除上面提到的四类集合名词外，以下几个集合名词也应重点注意(因为它们也是常考考点)：
1. hair(头发，毛发)
指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。
如：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。
The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。
2. mankind(人类)
人是一个不可数的集合名词，不用复数形式，也不连用冠词。
如：This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。
Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。
注：mankind 表示“mankind 人(类)”时，虽不可数，但有时却可以表示复数意义，尤其是当其表语是复数时。
如：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。
3. fruit(水果)
作为集合名词，它通常是不可数的。
如：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果。
但是，当要表示种类时，它可视为可数名词，即a fruit 指一种水果，fruits 指多种水果。
比较：fruits Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水
将下列单词变复数
Japanese ________ Frenchman ________ American _________ German ________
potato ________ piano ________ kangaroo ________ apple tree ____________
woman driver _________ bamboo _______ Australian ___________
答案：Japanese, Frenchmen, Americans, Germans, potatoes, pianos, kangaroos,
apple trees, women drivers, bamboos, Australians
变形一 根据词义填空
In 1998，Liu Xiang’s _____(能力)in hurdling was notices by Sun Haiping.
I am tired. This is not the right ______(时刻)to ask me to go for a walk.
-Hi, Tom. Could you help me cut up the meat for dumpling
-Ok, Mom. But where is the ______(刀)
(4)His favorite _______(乐队)is the Beatles and he’s got lots of CDs.
(5)-We have missed the last bus. What shall we do
-I’m afraid we have no ________（机会）but to take a taxi.
答案：ability, time, knife, band, chance
变形二 根据首字母填空
We have no v________ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
-Taking a walk in the evening is a good h______.
-So it is. It keeps us healthy.
(3)-You look worried! What’s your p________
-I have trouble learning English.
(4)He cooks in a restaurant. He is a c________.
(5)He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t e_______ in teaching.
答案：vegetables, habit, problem, cook, experience
巩固练习
Dave really likes driving. I think being a ______ is just fight for him.
doctor B. teacher C. farmer D. driver
If you can speak English well, you will have a great ____ over others while looking for a job.
Activity B. article C. agreement D. advantage
Could you please take my picture Here is my _____.
Printer B. radio C. player D. camera
–Is this photo taken in Tibet
-Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountains in the _____ of the photo.
A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction
5. Annie has a ____, and she is going to see her dentist today.
A. cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache
6. -How can I get some ____ about the 2016 Olympic Games
-Why not search the Internet
A. information B. experience C. practice D. success
7. There are lots of ____ that students have to follow in school.
A. exercises B. problems C. skills D. rules
8. The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)will help China improve the ____ with those related
countries, especially Pakistan.
A. relationship B. agreement C. environment D. problems
9.-Excuse me, what’s the _____ of the apples
-It’s 10 yuan a kilo.
A. price B. size C.colour D. weight
10. Every time I see the strawberries, the sweet ____ and beautiful color always make my mouth water.
A. voice B. size C. weight D.taste
11. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous ____ in American _____.
A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
12. The New York Times is a popular daily _____.
A. dictionary B. magazine C. newspaper 　D. guidebook
13. She says her favorite ____ is English.
A. color B. sport C. subject D.favour
14. Maori people in New Zealand touch ____ when they meet.
A. trees B. noses C. caps D. desks
15.If you work harder, you’ll have another ___ to play the violin at a concert.
A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem
16.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on ___ Day.
A. Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
17. –Will you fix up the machine according to the ____, David
- No problem.
A. instructions B. inventions C. invitations D. interviews
18. –Nobody knows which team will win the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
-Yes. That is the ____ of the beautiful game.
A. question B. luck C. hope D. magic
19. –You may go to Milan for a free trip.
-It’s a very kind _____, but I really can’t accept it.
A. excuse B. offer C. promise D. decision
20. –More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.
-That’s true. It has become the ____ of Anhui.
A. pride B. effort C. praise D. courage
21. Our school uniforms are out of _____. We think young people should look smart.
A. luck B. sight C. reach D. fashion
22. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _____.
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
23. –Look at my stamps.
--They are beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful ____.
A. instruction B. description C. collection D. expression
24. More and more people would like to go on vacation abroad. They should remember to be ____ with good manners.
A. visitors B. players C. volunteers D.reporter
25. –David, why are you so excited
-My father has made a ____ that he will take me to Tibet next month.
A. face B. promise C. mistake D.chance
26. Mr White, the principal, has made a great _____ to the growth of the school.
A. contribution B. progress C. invention D. protection
27. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel—she has a pretty good ____ of direction.
A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense
28. Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night
She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n) _____. I saw her play tennis just now.
Matter B. excuse C. result D. expression
29. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ____ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
30. Dear friends, please read every sentence carefully. Details decide ____ or not. If you take it seriously, you’ll achieve your goal!
A. success B. successful C. succeed D.successfully
31.-Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly
-Yes, I think a _____ tree can help you a lot.
A. grammar B. equation C. punctuation D. vocabulary
32.-I have great ____ in learning math and I’m so worried. Could you help me
A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun
33.-Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter
-With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal ____.
A. value B. style C. effect D. mood
34. The theme park is about ____ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.
A. two hour B. two hour’s C. two hours’ D. two hours
答案：1-5 DDDBD 6-10 ADAAD 11-15 CCCBB 16-20 DACBA 21-25 DACAB
26-30 ADBCA 31-34 DABC
夯实基础
1. I have two ___ and three bottles of ___here.
A. orange orange B. oranges oranges C. oranges orange D. orange oranges
2. Every evening Mr King takes a ___to his home.
A. 25 minutes ’ walk B. 25 minute’ s walk C. 25 minutes walk D. 25 minute walk
3. An old ___wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
The girl was washing ___.
A. green B. greens C. greening D.greened
The dam lies in the middle ___of the river.
A. reach B. reaches C. reaching D. reached
6. The police finally ___the thief.
A. corner B. cornered C. cornering D. corners
7. Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
The___ now is that we have lots of ___to ask.
A. question problem B. problem questions
answer question D. question answer
9. All the ___teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th , because it was their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
10. They got much ___ from those books .
A. ideas B. photo C. information D. stories
11. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing ,but the ___of the running water.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
12. There is ___bread on the table.
A. a B. one C. a piece D. many
13. There is no ___that she is honest.
A. problem B. question C. answer D. solve
14. ___is the third month of the year.
A. January B. Feb C. March D. April
15. His brother works for a TV station . He might be a ___.
A. doctor B. shop assistant C. reporter D. waiter
16.What’s in the cupboard？ A few ___, but little___.
A. apples coffee B. coffee apples C. apple coffees D. coffees apples
17. There is good ___ for you . I’ve found your lost watch.
A. news B. ideas C. message D.thoughts
18. Do you like to listen to Mozart
Yes. Listening to ___ is my favorite.
songs B. music C. stories D. news
19. I’m afraid I can’t get there before 9 o’clock. That’s OK. There’s___
A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry
20. Hi, Tom . Could you help me cut up the meat for dumpling
OK, Mom. But where is the ___
A. knife B. fork C. spoon D. chopsticks
21. I was not at home when the ___brought the package ,so I’ll have to get it myself at the post office.
A. bus drive B.mail carrier C. police officer D.shopkeeper
22. When we saw Liu Xiang’s face, we knew ___was bad.
A.some news B.a news C.the news D.news
23. If H2 burns in O2, we can get ___.
A. H2 B. H2O C.O2 D.H2O2
24. SARS is a new kind of ___in the world.
A. cancer B. medicine C. cough D. disease
25. There are about 50 ___in our school.
A. women doctor B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. woman workers
26. Daniel spent 4 years playing Harry Potter, one of the most famous_____ in the world.
A. teenagers B. players C. actress D. writers
27. Mom, I’ve got an “A” in the English exam today!
Great! And you are sure to win a second time because this is a good ___.
A. report B. result C. start D. skill
28. His favorite ____is the Beatles and he’s got lots of CDs.
A. film B. singer C. band D. concert
29. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _____spring holiday each year.
A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten day’s D. ten-days
30. Taking a walk in the evening is a good _____.
So it is; it keeps us healthy.
A. habit B. hobby C. rule D. favor
31 .John always says that he likes apples of all the _____.
A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks D. meats
答案：1-5 CABBA 6-10 BBBDC 11-15 DCACC 16-20 AABDA 21-25 BCBDB 26-31ACBAAB
知识结构
考点一 可数名词复数形式
考点二 不可数名词复数形式
考点三 名词所有的格
考点四 名词词义辨析
考点四 集合名词
典例精讲
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