Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 1 The Underdog 定语从句导学案（含答案）-2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册

定语从句
一、概念
定语从句：在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。
Lucy is a girl（先行词）who（关系词） is ready to help others.（定语从句）
名师点津：
关系词指代先行词，并在句子中起连接作用，连接主向和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、状等）
关系词根据其在从向中所充当的成分可以分为：
关系代词：在从旬中作主、宾、表、定（that/which/ who/whom/whose/as) ;
关系副词：在从句中作状语（when/where/why）。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词及用法
指代对象 指代人 指代物
主语 who, that which,that
宾语 who,whom,that which,that
定语 whose whose
Who is the man that is talking with your father
正在与你父亲谈话的人是谁？
It is a city which/that has a history of 2,000 years.
那是一座有2000年历史的城市。
The girl (whom/ who/that) you met just now is my cousin.
你刚才遇到的女孩是我表妹。
Nobody wants the book whose cover is broken.
没有人想要这本封面破损的书。
三、只能用 that 而不用 which的情况
1.当先行词为 all， everything , nothing ,anything 等不定代词或先行词被不定代词修饰时。
He's finished all that can be done.
一切能做的事情他都完成了。
2.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最大的轮船。
3.当先行词既指人又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we experienced.
我们常常谈起我们经历的那些人和事。
4.当先行词被 the only，the same ,the very, the last 等限定词修饰时。
Chatting is the only thing that interests her most.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
四、只能用 that 而不用 which的情况
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时：非限制性定语从句用于补充说明先行词，与主句之间用逗号隔开，此时只能用which。
The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
这本书是我昨天买的，非常有趣。
2. 关系代词前有介词时：当介词位于关系代词之前，修饰先行词时，只能用which。
This is the house in which I lived for ten years.
这是我住了十年的房子。
3. 先行词本身是that时：为了避免重复，先行词是that时，定语从句中用which。
What's that which flashed in the sky just now
刚才在空中闪过的那个东西是什么？
4. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时：当定语从句修饰的是前面整个主句的内容，而非某个具体先行词时，用which。
He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.
他通过了考试，这让他的父母非常高兴。
五、语法主题应用
用适当的关系代词补全下面语段
Michael is my best friend _______ studies very hard. Every day he works until everyone else in my class leaves the classroom. He lives in a big house_____is near our school. He likes to read the same books______I do. We often play football together on weekends. He has loving parents_______jobs are very busy, but they often invite me to their house. I really value our friendship_______I think will last forever.
答案：1. 第一空：先行词是“my best friend”（人），且在从句中作主语，又因为先行词被最高级“best”修饰，所以用“that” ，即“Michael is my best friend that studies very hard.” 。
2. 第二空：先行词是“a big house”（物），在从句中作主语，用“that/which” ，即“He lives in a big house that/which is near our school.” 。
3. 第三空：先行词有“the same”修饰，关系代词用“as” ，即“He likes to read the same books as I do.” 。
4. 第四空：先行词是“loving parents”（人），且与“jobs”有所属关系（父母的工作），在从句中作定语，用“whose” ，即“He has loving parents whose jobs are very busy, but they often invite me to their house.” 。
5. 第五空：先行词是“our friendship”（物），在从句中作主语，用“that/which” ，即“I really value our friendship that/which I think will last forever.” 。
答案依次为：that；that/which；as；whose；that/which 。
六、实践应用
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1. The film ______ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.
2. Is there anything ______ you want to buy
3. The girl ______ hair is golden is from England.
4. The man ______ I saw told me to come here.
5. He asked about the factories and workers ______ we had just visited.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. The house ____________________ (屋顶被毁坏了的) in the big fire belongs to my grandparents.
2. I don’t know the girl ____________________________ (和你说话的).
3. Those boys __________________________ (正在打网球的) are my friends.
4. The day ____________________________ (他将永远不会忘记的) is special for him.
5. Once we were discussing how to help the student ________________________________ (那个重病住院的).
Ⅲ.用定语从句升级下列句子
1. I’d like to take care of the child. Her mother died recently.
→ I’d like to take care of the child ____________________ recently.
2. I like the second sweater on the right. It has a red flower on the back.
→ I like the second sweater on the right ________________________________________.
3. The woman is my mother. You are looking after her.
→ The woman ____________________________ is my mother.
4. If you often go on a trip, you can broaden your view and gain much knowledge. You cannot get it from books.
→ If you often go on a trip, you can broaden your view and gain much knowledge ________________________________.
5. Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
→ Last week Mary wore the dress ____________________.
答案
Ⅰ.
1. that/which （先行词“film”是物，在从句中作宾语，可用that或which ）
2. that （先行词是不定代词“anything”，关系代词用that ）
3. whose （先行词“girl”与“hair”是所属关系，“whose”表“……的” ）
4. who/whom/that （先行词“man”是人，在从句中作宾语，可用who/whom/that ）
5. that （先行词既有人“workers”又有物“factories”，关系代词用that ）
Ⅱ.
1. whose roof was destroyed （“whose”表所属，引导定语从句修饰“house” ）
2. who/whom/that you spoke to （先行词“girl”是人，在从句中作宾语，可用who/whom/that ）
3. who/that are playing tennis （先行词“boys”是人，在从句中作主语，可用who/that ）
4. that/which he will never forget （先行词“day”是物，在从句中作宾语，可用that/which ）
5. who/that was seriously ill in hospital （先行词“student”是人，在从句中作主语，可用who/that ）
Ⅲ.
1. whose mother died （“whose”引导定语从句，表“孩子的妈妈” ）
2. that/which has a red flower on the back （先行词“sweater”是物，在从句中作主语，可用that/which ）
3. who/whom/that you are looking after （先行词“woman”是人，在从句中作宾语，可用who/whom/that ）
4. that/which you cannot get from books （先行词“knowledge”是物，在从句中作宾语，可用that/which ）
5. that/which I gave to her （先行词“dress”是物，在从句中作宾语，可用that/which ）