【精品解析】广东省东莞市五校2024-2025学年高二下学期5月联考英语试题

广东省东莞市五校2024-2025学年高二下学期5月联考英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2025高二下·东莞月考）For generations, the name Milton Hershey has been a well-known word closely connected with fine chocolate products throughout the country and around the world. He was born in 1857 on a farm near Derry Church, a small Pennsylvania community. Frequent family moves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade.
Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed, so did his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey persevered in his dream and finally established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success.
Hershey became fascinated with the German chocolate-making machinery exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. He bought the equipment for his Lancaster plant and soon began producing various chocolate creations. Hershey sold the Lancaster Company in 1900 in order to focus entirely on his chocolate business.
Three years later, he returned to Derry Church to build a new factory. Through trial and error, he created his own formula (配方) for milk chocolate. In 1903 he began construction on what was to become the world's largest chocolate plant. After its completion, Hershey's milk chocolate quickly became the first nationally marketed product of its kind.
With Milton Hershey's success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a complete new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. The town of Hershey continues to be a special place for its residents and a popular attraction for millions of visitors each year. Indeed, Milton Hershey's achievements do speak for themselves.
1．What stopped Hershey from having systematic school education
A．His lack of interest in study.
B．His family's continual relocation.
C．His failure to meet school requirements.
D．His parents' attaching little value to education.
2．Why did Hershey sell his Lancaster plant
A．The chocolate creation were of low quality.
B．The plant had suffered a great financial loss.
C．His chocolate business required a lot of money.
D．He decided to fully concentrate on his business.
3．Which of the following best describes Hershey
A．Generous and open-minded. B．Strict and well-behaved.
C．Determined and public-spirited. D．Humorous and ambitious.
二、阅读理解B
（2025高二下·东莞月考）Water shortage is one of the world's biggest challenges. The World Health Organization (WHO) thinks one in three people globally do not have easy access to clean water. Desalinating (给……脱盐) ocean water could help. But currently-available desalination units typically require high-pressure pumps to push water through filters (过滤器), which makes it difficult to reduce their size without influencing the energy-efficiency of the device. Meanwhile, they are too expensive to set up widely.
Now, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a convenient desalination machine. Unlike traditional desalination units, the MIT machine uses electricity to remove the salt and other small things from the ocean water. More importantly, the suitcase-sized device needs less power to run. It can also be powered by a small solar panel that costs less than $50. The lack of filters and the low electricity requirements make the machine extremely cheap to set up. "Ease of use was one of the main motivations for creating the device." said one researcher.
After running lab experiments using water with different salinity (盐度) levels, they field-tested the device at Boston's Carson Beach. The researchers set the box near the shore and put the tube into the water. In about half an hour, the device had filled a plastic cup with clear, drinkable water.
The researchers believe their invention can deliver drinking water meeting WHO quality standards with a push of a button. Meanwhile, a smartphone app allows the user to control the unit wirelessly and receive real-time data on power consumption and water salinity. It also sends out information when the water is drinkable.
The MIT team is now exploring ways to bring their machine to market. They believe it will benefit residents of small islands or those running away from natural disasters in the future.
4．What do we know about the current desalination units
A．They cannot work efficiently. B．They are usually large in size.
C．They were developed by MIT. D．They cannot stand high pressure.
5．Which aspect of the new desalination device is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The original purpose. B．The working process.
C．The practical advantages. D．The major components.
6．What makes the researchers confident in their invention
A．That it is user-friendly and effective.
B．That it can provide lots of real-time data.
C．That it can be supported by several smartphone apps.
D．That it has successfully passed many lab experiments.
三、阅读理解C
（2025高二下·东莞月考）If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, "Something smells fishy." In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of "free money" (as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services) because they seem "too good to be true". The research bridges economics and psychology to explain why financial attraction can backfire.
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely, compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. "People typically imagine things like that someone did something disgusting to the cookie," says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, incredibly high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher financial profit reduced participants' potential of accepting the offer.
If someone seems to go against accepted norms such as self-interest without explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be "phantom costs": imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer's "psychological value".
Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. "Understanding that others' perceived over generosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people's reluctance," says Rachel McCloy, a psychologist studying decision-making at England's University of Reading. "The old saying ‘there's no such thing as a free lunch' is clearly alive and well."
Another experiment found that high scorers on measures of distrust inferred more phantom costs. The researchers also showed how to alleviate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The "cheap flights" experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. "Uncomfortable seats aren't typically a selling point," Vonasch says. "But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation."
7．What does the underlined word "backfire" in Para. 1 mean
A．Result in an opposite effect.
B．Boost the success of an offer.
C．Increase the appeal of a proposal.
D．Cause a positive outcome unexpectedly.
8．Why is the quote "there's no such thing as a free lunch" mentioned by the author
A．To prove the phantom costs.
B．To promote generosity in society.
C．To doubt hidden costs of generous offers.
D．To remind people to be cautious of free items.
9．What helps make the "cheap flights" more acceptable according to the experiment
A．Offering more flight credits.
B．Discounting the price further.
C．Providing additional unrelated gifts.
D．Giving a seemingly reasonable explanation.
10．Which could be the best title for the text
A．Why People Embrace High-Value Offers
B．Why People Reject Free Money and Offers
C．Why Some Deals Seem Too Good to Be True
D．How Offers of Money Increase Acceptance Rates
四、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高二下·东莞月考）In every culture throughout time, the kitchen has had a powerful influence. The simple practice of sitting down together at the table gives us the chance to connect and communicate.　11． 　
It depends on where you live, your age, and other factors, but the answer is, yes. Our intentions for "home" are evolving.
　12． 　 Fast-paced lifestyles and work schedules make it hard to find time to shop for groceries and prepare meals. Online food delivery services have taken off, too. In 2016, one in 10 Chinese were ordering food online. Throughout Europe, online ordering is capturing 56 percent of the market in Sweden and 43 percent in Austria. In India, online food ordering is expected to reach close to $12m(US)by 2023.
While there is a trend towards bring-in and order-in food, as well as dining out, the kitchen is still a core in home life. Food & Wine cited a survey in 22 countries asking about cooking habits.　13． 　 At the lower end were South Koreans, who spent just 3.7 hours per week cooking. People in India were at the top with 13.2 hours per week spent in the kitchen.
Simply being in the kitchen, cooking and eating with other people, can have healthy benefits. Regardless of its size, the kitchen is a warm and inviting place.　14． 　 The difference is, now you can follow a recipe on your iPad while cooking.
It's true that impersonal appliances are connecting to each other and to us. Refrigerators order vegetables. Cooktop hoods with sensors turn on by themselves. While technology and our expectations for the kitchen are shape-shifting in real time, the fundamentals remain the same.　15． 　
A. So is cooking a way to express yourself
B. The global average was almost 6.5 hours.
C. But is our relationship to the kitchen changing
D. It's like gathering around a campfire in the past.
E. People seem to be spending less time cooking worldwide.
F. Now more of them are eating outside the home more frequently.
G. The kitchen is where we connect with food and company in the soul of the home.
五、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（2025高二下·东莞月考）I was annoyed that my mom had even scheduled the appointment with a doctor for me. As doctors so often do, when he arrived he went straight into the basic small talk about my 16． history.
But then he 17． a question that took me off guard. "So Robin, what are you going to do after high school " He wrote something at his notes, with not even a glance in my 18． . "I don't know," I whispered. I was seventeen. I had no 19． what I was going to do after high school. My high school teacher told me that I wasn't "college material" and I believed her. Education wasn't exactly 20． in my family.
"You don't know Why don't you go to college to become a 21． like me " He smiled as he glanced at his watch. I thought he was 22． for even suggesting it. No one in my family had even graduated from college, let alone become a doctor. "I'm not smart enough to be a doctor."
He stared directly into my eyes when he 23． said, "Let me tell you something. You don't have to be smart to be a doctor. You just have to be persevering." Then the doctor hurriedly gathered his things and rushed off to his next 24． .
I 25． to think about it when I was at school. What would I do after high-school Even though I wasn't college material, that doctor made a(n) 26． on me. I applied to a college and soon found myself walking in the 27． as a new student. I often questioned what I was doing there. Maybe I wasn't smart enough for college, but I could be persevering.
I was 28． to find that with each individual achievement came newfound 29． in myself. I graduated with a master's degree in September 2014, two decades after that 30． with my doctor.
16．A．career B．health C．credit D．growth
17．A．threw in B．set off C．came across D．made up
18．A．account B．opinion C．resolution D．direction
19．A．idea B．core C．pressure D．discovery
20．A．abandoned B．protested C．emphasized D．declared
21．A．professor B．doctor C．blogger D．sponsor
22．A．crazy B．anxious C．genuine D．greedy
23．A．casually B．automatically C．seriously D．doubtfully
24．A．recreation B．commitment C．contest D．appointment
25．A．continued B．hesitated C．calculated D．pretended
26．A．comment B．impact C．distribution D．advertisement
27．A．venue B．campus C．workshop D．stadium
28．A．frightened B．annoyed C．surprised D．discouraged
29．A．freedom B．sympathy C．guilt D．confidence
30．A．argument B．debate C．conversation D．negotiation
六、根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41-50的相应位置。
31．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The newly-built library is superior 　 　 the old one in terms of book collection and reading environment, providing a better space for students to study. (用适当的词填空)
32．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The Internet service in this area is 　 　 (temporary) unavailable due to some technical problems. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The charity event is sponsored by several local 　 　 (chairwoman) who provide funds and resources. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34．（2025高二下·东莞月考）After watching the inspiring movie about space, he developed 　 　 urge to become a devoted astronaut. (用适当的词填空)
35．（2025高二下·东莞月考）　 　 (complete) all the preparations for a week, the research team was ready to start the experiment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The ancient vase, which 　 　(steal) from the museum last month, has been found. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37．（2025高二下·东莞月考）They are discussing 　 　 the new policy should be carried out now or be put off later. (用适当的词填空)
38．（2025高二下·东莞月考）Up to now, neither the actors nor the director 　 　 (know) the outcome of the selection. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere 　 　 can make the audience fully immersed in the music. (用适当的词填空)
40．（2025高二下·东莞月考）Some plants have the capacity 　 　 (communicate) with each other by releasing chemical signals when under attack. (所给词的适当形式填空)
七、根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。
41．（2025高二下·东莞月考）Unexpectedly, Jim firmly 　 　　 　 (拒绝) the job that offered excellent salary the other day. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
42．（2025高二下·东莞月考）It's significant to consider the 　 　　 　　 　(利与弊)of each option before making a decision. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
43．（2025高二下·东莞月考）It is reported that the tech company is launching a new smartphone model next month.(同义句改写)
The tech company is reported 　 　　 　　 　 a new smartphone model next month.
44．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The teachers have tested out this new teaching method since the beginning of this term.(用被动语态改写)
This new teaching method　 　　 　　 　　 　by the teachers since the beginning of this term.
45．（2025高二下·东莞月考）I asked Susan, "Why do you look so worried "(用间接引语改写)
　 　
46．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The child is going through a difficult phase. More care and guidance are needed in this phase. (用定语从句合并句子)
　 　
47．（2025高二下·东莞月考）使我们开心的是，一个专业的团队将会接管这个组织。（用主语从句翻译句子）
　 　
八、第二节 应用文写作(满分15分)
48．（2025高二下·东莞月考）假定你是李华，上周五你校举办了以Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity为主题的科技节活动，请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.活动反响及意义。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
九、第三节 读后续写(满分25分)
49．（2025高二下·东莞月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One pleasant New-year morning, Edward rose, washed and dressed himself in a hurry. He wanted to be the first to wish a happy New Year to his family. He turned up at every door of the house, and shouted the words of "Happy New Year" in an excited voice. After a quick breakfast he hopped along the street like a happy bird, greeted and repeated the words to those he met.
When he came back, his father gave him 50 dollars, saying he could buy whatever he had been wishing for. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some interesting books that he had seen at the bookstore located near the river through the city. He thanked his father and danced out of the house again with a light heart, intending to buy those books.
As he ran down the street, he noticed a poor family, the father, the mother, and three children shivering with cold in the winter wind. "I wish you a happy New Year," cried Edward as he was happily passing on. The man took a look at the happy boy and shook his head sadly.
Edward stopped and said, "It seems that you do not belong to this country." The man again shook his head, a confused expression flashed over his face, for he could not understand or speak English.
But the poor man pointed to his dry mouth, and to the children with hungry looks, as if to say, "These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time."
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Edward realized that these poor people were in trouble.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
"My dear boy," said his father, "Here are a dozen of books for you."
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．D
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了米尔顿·赫尔希历经多次创业失败后成功创立巧克力品牌，并为员工打造模范社区，其成就令人瞩目。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段"Frequent family moves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade.(频繁的家庭搬迁中断了他的学业，使他受教育程度有限，他只完成了四年级学业)"可知，他没有接受系统的学校教育是因为他的家庭经常搬家。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段末"Hershey sold the Lancaster Company in 1900 in order to focus entirely on his chocolate business.(1900年，赫尔希出售了Lancaster公司，以便全身心投入到巧克力业务中)"可知，他卖掉这个公司是要全身心地研究巧克力生意。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段"Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed, so did his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey persevered in his dream and finally established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success.(在跟随Lancaster的一位糖果制造商完成了四年的学徒生涯后，他在费城创办了自己的第一家糖果制造企业。最初的尝试失败了，随后在芝加哥和纽约的两次尝试也以失败告终。1883年，赫尔希回到兰开斯特，坚持不懈地追逐他的梦想，最终成立了Lancaster Caramel Company，该公司迅速取得了巨大成功)"及最后一段"With Milton Hershey's success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a complete new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. The town of Hershey continues to be a special place for its residents and a popular attraction for millions of visitors each year. (随着米尔顿·赫尔希的成功，他产生了强烈的社会责任感。赫尔希在他的工厂周围创建了一个全新的社区。他为员工建造了一个模范城镇，包括舒适的住房、廉价的公共交通系统、优质的公立学校系统以及丰富的文化机会。赫尔希镇至今仍然是居民的特殊居住地，每年吸引数百万游客前来参观)"可知，赫尔希是一个意志坚决并且有社会公德心的人。故选C。
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍麻省理工学院研发的新型海水淡化设备，对比传统设备的不足，突出其高效、便携、低成本的优势及应用前景。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和段落大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做段落大意题时，注意确定主题句，主题句是段落中表达主要观点或思想的句子，通常位于段落的开头或结尾，偶尔也会出现在段落中间。由于主题句往往出现在段落的首尾，因此仔细阅读段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的转折词和总结性语言常用来引入新的观点或总结段落内容，对理解段落大意至关重要。在理解段落信息的基础上，用简洁的语言概括段落的主要内容。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段"But currently-available desalination units typically require high-pressure pumps to push water through filters (过滤器), which makes it difficult to reduce their size without influencing the energy-efficiency of the device. (但目前可用的脱盐装置通常需要高压泵将水推过过滤器，这使得在不影响设备能效的情况下，很难减小它们的尺寸。)"可知，目前的脱盐装置尺寸比较大，且在不影响设备能效的情况下无法减小。故选B。
5．段落大意题。根据第二段"Unlike traditional desalination units, the MIT machine uses electricity to remove the salt and other small things from the ocean water. More importantly, the suitcase-sized device needs less power to run. It can also be powered by a small solar panel that costs less than $50. The lack of filters and the low electricity requirements make the machine extremely cheap to set up. (与传统的海水淡化装置不同，麻省理工学院的机器利用电力去除海水中的盐分和其他微小物质。更重要的是，这种手提箱大小的设备运行时所需电力更少，甚至可以由一个成本低于50美元的小型太阳能电池板供电。由于不需要过滤器且耗电量低，使得该机器的设置成本极其低廉。)"可知，MIT发明的脱盐装置使用电力来去盐、所需能耗低、尺寸较小且价格便宜，这些都是其优点，由此可知，第二段主要介绍了新的脱盐装置的实际优势。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段"The researchers believe their invention can deliver drinking water meeting WHO quality standards with a push of a button. Meanwhile, a smartphone app allows the user to control the unit wirelessly and receive real-time data on power consumption and water salinity. (研究人员认为，他们的发明只需按一下按钮，就可以提供符合世界卫生组织质量标准的饮用水。同时，智能手机应用程序允许用户无线控制设备，并接收有关功耗和水盐度的实时数据)"可知，研究人员认为他们所发明的脱盐装置对于用户来说非常方便。由此推知，"它是用户友好型且有效"是研究人员自信的原因。故选A。
【答案】7．A
8．A
9．D
10．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人们为何倾向于拒绝看似"好得令人难以置信"的免费或高价值提议，一项研究结合心理学和经济学，解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和标题选择题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。做标题选择题时，注意关注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判断标题是否准确的重要依据。利用关键词，文章中的关键词汇、短语或句子往往与标题有紧密联系，可以通过关键词汇的匹配来缩小选择范围。语境理解，理解文章的整体语境和作者的态度倾向，有助于准确把握文章的主旨和标题的选择方向。
7．词义猜测题。根据第一段"In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of "free money" (as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services) because they seem "too good to be true". (在《人格与社会心理学公报》上发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝"免费的钱"（以及异常高的薪水或可疑的廉价服务），因为它们看起来"好得令人难以置信")"提到超出预期的绝好提议往往会被拒绝，这与人们通常趋利的倾向相反。由此可知，该研究解释的是为什么经济吸引力可能适得其反，画线词意思应该是"Result in an opposite effect (导致相反的效果)"。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段"If someone seems to go against accepted norms such as self-interest without explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be "phantom costs": imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer's "psychological value". (如果某人似乎毫无缘由地违背了自我利益等公认的准则，我们就会认为他们有隐藏的动机，并推断出会有"幽灵成本"：一些想象出来的后果，可能会减少Vonasch称一项提议的"心理价值")"用"幽灵成本"的概念解释了为什么人们往往会拒绝看似过度慷慨的东西，再结合第四段中"The old saying ‘there's no such thing as a free lunch' is clearly alive and well. ("天下没有免费的午餐"这句老话显然很有道理)"可知，作者肯定了这句谚语的意义，进一步强调看似免费的东西实际上可能存在隐藏的风险，证明了"幽灵成本"的存在。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段""Uncomfortable seats aren't typically a selling point," Vonasch says. "But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation." ("不舒服的座位通常不是卖点，"Vonasch说。"但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意坐，因为这是一个充分的解释。")"可知，给出一个看似合理的解释有助于让人们更容易接受"廉价航班"。故选D。
10．标题选择题。根据第一段"If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, "Something smells fishy." (如果一个陌生人给你一块免费的饼干，你很可能会吃掉它。但如果他们还愿意给你2美元呢？你可能会礼貌地拒绝，然后走开，心想："有东西闻起来很可疑。")"可知，文章围绕人们倾向于拒绝看似"好得令人难以置信"的免费或高价值提议这一现象展开，介绍了一项结合心理学和经济学的研究，该研究解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。因此，C项"为什么有些交易看起来好得令人难以置信"最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C。
【答案】11．C；12．E；13．B；14．D；15．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了厨房在人们生活中的重要性，以及随着时代发展人们与厨房的关系正在发生变化，如快节奏生活导致人们烹饪时间减少、外卖兴起等，但同时强调厨房仍然是家庭生活的核心，在厨房中与他人一起烹饪和用餐对健康有益，且尽管厨房相关的科技在发展，但厨房作为家庭中与食物和家人联系的核心地位这一基本原理并未改变。
备选项的中文意思：
A. 那么烹饪是一种自我表达的方式吗？
B. 全球平均耗时接近6.5小时。
C. 但我们与厨房的关系正在改变吗？
D. 这就像过去人们围坐在篝火旁。
E. 全球范围内，人们花在烹饪上的时间似乎正在减少。
F. 如今更多人更频繁地选择外出就餐。
G. 厨房是我们在家的灵魂深处连接食物与陪伴的场所。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2. 首先快速浏览一遍几个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4. 看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5. 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。
11．根据上文"In every culture throughout time, the kitchen has had a powerful influence. The simple practice of sitting down together at the table gives us the chance to connect and communicate. (在古往今来的每一种文化中，厨房都产生了强大的影响。一起坐在餐桌旁的简单练习让我们有机会建立联系和交流。)"及下文"It depends on where you live, your age, and other factors, but the answer is, yes. Our intentions for ‘home' are evolving. (这取决于你住在哪里、你的年龄和其他因素，但答案是肯定的。我们对‘家'的意图正在演变。)"可知，空处为过渡句，且为问句，设问厨房与我们之间的关系是否变化，与C项"But is our relationship to the kitchen changing ( 但我们与厨房的关系正在改变吗？)"上下文一致，承上启下，故选C。
12．根据下文"Fast-paced lifestyles and work schedules make it hard to find time to shop for groceries and prepare meals. Online food delivery services have taken off, too. In 2016, one in 10 Chinese were ordering food online. (快节奏的生活方式和工作日程使人们很难找到时间购买杂货和准备饭菜。在线食品配送服务也已经起飞。2016年，每10个中国人中就有1个在网上订购食物。)"可知，人们在烹饪上花费的时间在减少，与E项"People seem to be spending less time cooking worldwide. (全球范围内，人们花在烹饪上的时间似乎正在减少。)"上下文一致，符合文意，故选E。
13．根据上文"While there is a trend towards bring-in and order-in food, as well as dining out, the kitchen is still a core in home life. Food & Wine cited a survey in 22 countries asking about cooking habits. (虽然有自带和点餐以及外出就餐的趋势，但厨房仍然是家庭生活的核心。Food & Wine引用了22个国家的一项调查，询问烹饪习惯。)"并结合下文"At the lower end were South Koreans, who spent just 3.7 hours per week cooking. People in India were at the top with 13.2 hours per week spent in the kitchen. (处于较低端的是韩国人，他们每周仅花3.7小时做饭。印度人则处于顶端，每周在厨房花费13.2小时。)"可知，空处出做饭所花时间有关，与B项"The global average was almost 6.5 hours. (全球平均耗时接近6.5小时。)"上下文一致，符合文意，故选B。
14．根据上文"Regardless of its size, the kitchen is a warm and inviting place. (无论厨房大小，它都是一个温暖而诱人的地方。)"可知，厨房是温暖且吸引人的地方，与D项"It's like gathering around a campfire in the past. (这就像过去人们围坐在篝火旁。)"上下文一致，符合文意，形象地说明了厨房的这种氛围。故选D。
15．根据上文"While technology and our expectations for the kitchen are shape-shifting in real time, the fundamentals remain the same. (虽然技术和我们对厨房的期望正在实时变化，但基本原理保持不变。)"可知，厨房的在家庭中的意义重大，与G项"The kitchen is where we connect with food and company in the soul of the home. ( 厨房是我们在家的灵魂深处连接食物与陪伴的场所。)"上下文一致，符合文意，故选G。
【答案】16．B；17．A；18．D；19．A；20．C；21．B；22．A；23．C；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．C
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；动词的词义辨析；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在医生的鼓励下，克服自我怀疑，坚持求学并获得硕士学位的经历，展现了毅力与自信的重要性。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。
16．句意：像医生常做的那样，他一进来就直奔主题，询问我的健康史。A. career职业；B. health健康；C. credit信用；D. growth成长。根据上文"the appointment with a doctor for me"可知上文说的是与医生预约，可推理出医生询问的应是健康史，故选B。
17．句意：但他突然抛出一个让我措手不及的问题。A. threw in插入；B. set off出发；C. came across遇到；D. made up编造。根据下文"took me off guard"可知下文说的是让我措手不及，可推理出医生突然插入问题，故选A。
18．句意：他在笔记上写着什么，甚至没有朝我的方向看一眼。A. account账户；B. opinion观点；C. resolution决心；D. direction方向。根据上文"He wrote something at his notes"可知上文说的是他在笔记上写着什么，可推理出医生未看向我的方向，故选D。
19．句意：我十七岁，对高中毕业后要做什么毫无头绪。A. idea想法；B. core核心；C. pressure压力；D. discovery发现。根据下文"My high school teacher told me that I wasn't "college material" and I believed her"可知下文说的是我的老师认为我不是学习的材料，而且我也这么认为，可推理出此处说的是我对高中毕业后要做什么毫无头绪，故选A。
20．句意：教育在我的家庭中并不被强调。A. abandoned抛弃；B. protested抗议；C. emphasized强调；D. declared宣布。根据"No one in my family had even graduated from college"可知下文说的是自己的家人均未大学毕业，可推理出教育未被家庭重视，故选C。
21．句意："你为什么不上大学像我一样当医生呢？"A. professor教授；B. doctor医生；C. blogger博主；D. sponsor赞助者。根据下文"like me"可知下文提到了"像我一样"，作者在见医生，可推理空白处应填表示"医生"含义的表达，故选B。
22．句意：我觉得他提出这个建议简直是疯了。A. crazy疯狂的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. genuine真诚的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据下文"No one in my family had even graduated from college, let alone become a doctor"，可知下文说的是作者的家里没人上过大学，更别说当医生了，可推理出此处说的是医生建议显得"疯狂"，故选A。
23．句意：他严肃地说道："让我告诉你，当医生不需要多聪明，只需要坚持。"A. casually随意地；B. automatically自动地；C. seriously严肃地；D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据上文"He stared directly into my eyes"以及下文"Let me tell you something. You don't have to be smart to be a doctor. You just have to be persevering"可知医生直视我的眼睛说当医生不需要多聪明，只需要坚持，可推理出医生态度严肃，故选C。
24．句意：医生匆忙收拾东西，赶去下一个预约。A. recreation娱乐；B. commitment承诺；C. contest比赛；D. appointment预约。根据上文"the appointment with a doctor for me"可知上文说的是与医生预约，可推理出医生工作场景需赴多个预约，故选D。
25．句意：我在学校时继续思考这个问题。A. continued继续；B. hesitated犹豫；C. calculated计算；D. pretended假装。根据下文"What would I do after high-school "可知，下文说的是作者思考高中毕业后干什么，可推理出作者在持续思考，故选A。
26．句意：尽管我不够聪明，但那位医生对我产生了影响。A. comment评论；B. impact影响；C. distribution分配；D. advertisement广告。根据下文"I applied to a college"可知下文说的是我申请上了大学，可推理出医生的话对作者有影响，故选B。
27．句意：我作为新生走在校园里。A. venue场地；B. campus校园；C. workshop车间；D. stadium体育场。根据上文"applied to a college"以及"as a new student"可知，上文说的是申请上大学，下文说的是作为新生，可推理出此处说的是入学后身处校园，故选B。
28．句意：我惊讶地发现，每一次成就都带来新的自信。A. frightened害怕的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. discouraged气馁的。根据下文"I graduated with a master's degree"可知下文说的是作者拿到了硕士学位，可推理出作者对自身变化感到意外，故选C。
29．句意：我惊讶地发现，每一次成就都带来新的自信。A. freedom自由；B. sympathy同情；C. guilt内疚；D. confidence自信。根据上文"individual achievement"与"newfound"可知上文提到了个人成就，还提到了新发现，再根据下文"I graduated with a master's degree"可知下文说的是作者拿到了硕士学位，可推理出此处说的是每一次成就都带来新的自信，故选D。
30．句意：2014年9月，我获得硕士学位，距离与医生的那次对话已过去二十年。A. argument争论；B. debate辩论；C. conversation对话；D. negotiation谈判。根据上文"Let me tell you something. You don't have to be smart to be a doctor. You just have to be persevering"可知医生直视我的眼睛说当医生不需要多聪明，只需要坚持，这是医生与我的对话，可推理出此处说的是距离与医生的那次对话已过去二十年，故选C。
31．【答案】to
【知识点】固定短语
【解析】【分析】句意：新建的图书馆在藏书和阅读环境方面都优于旧图书馆，为学生提供了更好的学习空间。此处表示"比……更优越；优于……"，be superior to，固定短语，符合语境。故填to。
【点评】考查固定短语be superior to。注意：固定短语有其固定的结构和用法，包括词序、词性搭配等。在解题时，要注意短语的结构特点，确保填入的词与短语的其他部分在词性和词序上相匹配。
32．【答案】temporarily
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：由于一些技术问题，该地区的互联网服务暂时不可用。temporary，暂时的，形容词。空处在句中作状语修饰形容词unavailable，应用其副词形式。故填temporarily。
【点评】考查副词temporarily的识记运用，词性转换以及副词作状语修饰动词。注意：首先观察空格在句子中的位置，判断其是修饰动词、形容词还是整个句子。识别句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等核心成分，以及是否存在其他修饰成分如定语、状语等。结合上下文理解句子的整体意义，判断空格处应填入的副词所表达的含义。
33．【答案】chairwomen
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这场慈善活动由几位当地女主席赞助，她们提供资金和资源。 chairwoman，主席，可数名词。空处在句中作介词by的宾语且被several修饰，应用其复数形式。故填chairwomen。
【点评】考查名词复数。注意：名词在句子中常需要根据语境进行形式上的变化，如单复数、所有格等。在填空时，首先要根据句子的意思和语法规则判断应填入的名词形式。例如，若句子中提到多个相同的事物，则名词需用复数形式；若表示所属关系，则需使用名词所有格。
34．【答案】an
【知识点】不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：看了这部鼓舞人心的太空电影后，他产生了成为一名忠诚的宇航员的愿望。空格后的urge是可数名词，此处表示"一种强烈的愿望"，应该用不定冠词，由于urge的发音为元音音素开头的，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
【点评】考查冠词。注意：判断泛指与特指，泛指用a/an，表示一类人或事物中的任意一个。特指用the，指特定的、双方都知道的人或事物。注意固定搭配，有些短语是固定搭配。关注上下文语境，根据句子前后内容判断。如果前文提到过某物，后文再次提到时通常用the。考虑可数性，不可数名词和复数名词表示泛指时一般不用冠词。以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。
35．【答案】Having completed
【知识点】动词现在分词；分词
【解析】【分析】句意：已经完成了一周的所有准备工作，研究小组准备开始实验。 complete，完成，动词。句子中已有谓语动词was ready to start，空处应为非谓语动词作状语，且complete和其逻辑主语the research team之间是主动关系，结合时间状语for a week可知，应用现在分词的完成式having done，having位于句首，首字母大写。故填Having completed。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意：首先，要清楚非谓语动词的定义和形式。观察句子结构，一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词，若句子中出现两个或两个以上的动词，且没有连词连接，那么除了谓语动词以外的动词就是非谓语动词。识别连词，若有连词连接动词，需判断连词连接的是两个完整的句子还是动词短语。若连接的是动词短语，则第二个动词也为谓语动词（适用于并列句）；若连接的是两个完整的句子，则每个句子都有自己的谓语动词，其他动词需填非谓语动词。找逻辑主语，非谓语动词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语或非谓语动词前面的名词。确定逻辑主语后，要判断其与非谓语动词之间的主动或被动关系。主动关系，若逻辑主语是非谓语动词的发出者，则用不定式（to do）或现在分词（doing）。其中，不定式通常表示目的或将来，而现在分词表示主动和进行。被动关系，若逻辑主语是非谓语动词的承受者，则用过去分词（done）表示被动。判断动作发生的时间：发生在谓语动词之后，通常用不定式（to do）表示目的或将来；与谓语动词同时发生，用现在分词（doing）表示；发生在谓语动词之前，通常用过去分词（done）的完成式（having done）或不定式的完成式（to have done），但更常见的是直接使用过去分词（done）表示已经完成的动作或状态。
36．【答案】was stolen
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：上个月从博物馆被盗的古花瓶已经找到了。steal，偷，动词。此处为定语从句中谓语动词的填入，根据时间状语"last month"，确定动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。主语"vase"与动词"steal" 为被动关系（花瓶被偷），故用被动语态"was stolen"。故填was stolen。
【点评】考查动词时态和语态。注意：首先，观察空格处是否给出了动词作为提示，这是判断是否需要填写谓语动词的第一步。分析句子结构，看空格处是否缺少谓语动词。如果句子中已有谓语动词，但空格处与已有谓语动词是并列关系或构成复合句，也可能需要填写谓语动词。确定时态。查找句中有无时间状语，如时间词（yesterday, last week, tomorrow等）或表示时间关系的副词（already, just, yet等），根据时间状语确定时态。如果没有明确的时间状语，根据上下文语境中的时态来确定空格处的时态。注意时态之间的呼应和逻辑一致性。确定语态。看提示词与句子主语之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。主谓一致。主语单复数：根据主语是单数还是复数来确定谓语动词的形式。主语是单数时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。掌握动词的基本形式。动词原形：用于祈使句、主语为第二人称或第一人称复数时的简单句等。第三人称单数形式：当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词需要变化为相应的第三人称单数形式。过去式、过去分词、现在分词：根据句子的时态和语态需要，选择正确的动词形式。
37．【答案】whether
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：他们正在讨论新政策是现在实施还是往后推迟。该空需要一个连接词引导宾语从句，根据后面的or可知，他们正在讨论两种选择，需要表示"是……还是……"，表选择应使用whether与or连用。故填whether。
【点评】考查宾语从句。注意：在解答宾语从句相关题目时，可以运用以下解题技巧：判断从句引导词，如果从句部分缺少主语、宾语或表语，通常使用关系代词"what"、"who（whom）"、"which"等。如果从句部分不缺少成分，只起连接作用或表达疑问，则使用从属连词"that"（无实际意义，口语中有时可省略）、"if"或"whether"（表示"是否"）。注意语序，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语的顺序。时态呼应，如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句要使用相应的过去时态。特殊情况，当宾语从句表示客观事实或真理时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。在某些动词（如suggest, insist等）后的宾语从句中，如果表示建议、要求、命令等，从句要用虚拟语气，即"should + 动词原形"，should可以省略。
38．【答案】has known
【知识点】现在完成时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：到目前为止，演员和导演都不知道评选结果。know，知道/了解，动词。由Up to now可知，句子时态是现在完成时，neither...nor...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式根据就近原则来确定，即根据the director确定，the director是单数，因此空格处是has known。故填has known。
【分析】考查时态和主谓一致。注意：有时需要根据句子的语境和上下文来判断谓语动词的具体形式。注意句子中的并列连词、从属连词等，它们可能提示了谓语动词的时态、语态或形式。
39．【答案】that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词atmosphere被最高级the most wonderful修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意：在解答定语从句的题目中，首先要找出或理解句子中的定语从句，并识别其关系词。在句子中找到被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，这个名词或代词就是先行词。先行词决定了关系词的选择。确定关系词的位置，关系词通常紧跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句。判断关系词的作用，关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、定语或状语）。根据先行词是人还是物来选择关系代词或考虑使用关系副词。如果先行词被特定的词（如序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词等）修饰，或者句子需要强调特定意义，通常使用that作为关系词。
40．【答案】to communicate
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：一些植物有能力在受到攻击时通过释放化学信号来相互交流。communicate，交流，动词。名词capacity后用不定式作定语，capacity to do意为"做某事的能力"。故填to communicate。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意：熟练识记其后可接动词不定式做后置定语的抽象名词。
41．【答案】turned；down
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：出乎意料的是，吉姆前几天坚决拒绝了那份薪水优厚的工作。根据汉语提示"拒绝"可知，应用动词短语turn down，根据the other day可知，本句描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填turned down。
【点评】考查固定短语以及时态。注意：要熟悉常见的英语固定短语。这些短语通常由动词、介词、名词或形容词等组合而成，具有特定的含义和用法。 仔细阅读题干，理解句子的整体意思和语境。这有助于判断哪个固定短语最适合填入空格中。 对于每个识别出的固定短语，要准确理解其含义和用法。这有助于在填空时选择最合适的词汇。
42．【答案】pros；and；cons
【知识点】固定短语
【解析】【分析】句意：在做决定之前，考虑每个选项的利与弊是很重要的。空处表示"利与弊"，pros and cons，名词短语，在句中作宾语，符合语境。故填pros and cons。
【点评】考查固定短语。注意：固定短语的意义往往与语境和上下文密切相关。在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的语境和上下文，理解句子的整体意思和语境要求，从而选择最合适的固定短语填入空格。
43．【答案】to；be；launching
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：据报道，这家科技公司下个月将推出一款新型智能手机。原句使用It is reported that...结构，改写后用sb./sth. is reported to do...结构。根据原句的is launching可知，应用不定式的进行式to be launching，作主语补足语。故填to be launching。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意：解答非谓语动词相关题目时，首先要读题审题，仔细阅读题目，理解句子的整体意义。分析句子结构，找出谓语动词和非谓语动词。判断非谓语动词的作用，确定非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分及其逻辑主语。分析语态和时态，根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系及时间关系，判断应使用的语态和时态。
44．【答案】has；been；tested；out
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：这种新的教学方法从本学期开始就经过了老师们的试验。原句可改为被动语态结构，主语This new teaching method和动词短语test out为被动关系，结合时态为现在完成时，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故分别填has；been；tested；out。
【分析】考查动词时态和语态。注意：以下是关于现在完成时被动语态的解题技巧：结构识别，现在完成时被动语态的结构为"have/has + been+过去分词"。首先根据句子中的助动词"have"或"has"，以及后面的"been"和一个过去分词形式的动词来判断是否为现在完成时被动语态。主语分析，注意句子的主语，如果主语是动作的承受者，那么有可能使用被动语态。时间状语关联，现在完成时有一些常用的时间状语，如"already"、"yet"、"just"、"ever"、"never"、"for+时间段"、"since+时间点或从句"等。当这些时间状语出现在句中，并且句子是被动意义时，要考虑使用现在完成时被动语态。与主动语态区分，如果句子表达的是主动意义，即主语是动作的执行者，则使用现在完成时主动语态（have/has+过去分词）；如果是被动意义，才使用现在完成时被动语态。
45．【答案】I asked Susan why she looked so worried.
【知识点】宾语从句的语序
【解析】【分析】句意：我问苏珊为什么看上去那么担心。直接引语为特殊疑问句，保留疑问词，改为why引导的宾语从句，使用陈述语序，主句使用的是一般过去时，直接引语中一般现在时改为一般过去时，直接引语中的you指代Mary，改为she。故填I asked Susan why she looked so worried.
【点评】考查间接引语。注意：直接引语与间接引语相互转换时，要注意按照规则调整人称，时态以及语序。
46．【答案】The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed.
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】原句句意：这个孩子正在经历一个困难的阶段。在这个阶段需要更多的关心和指导。第二句中的this phase指代前一句中的a difficult phase，可将a difficult phase作为先行词，用限制性定语从句加以修饰，可将先行词作为定语从句中的时间状语，用关系副词when引导，或将先行词作为从句中介词in的宾语，用关系代词which引导。故答案为：The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed.
【点评】考查限制性定语从句。注意：首先确定先行词，再确定主从句，最后使用正确的关系词将主从句连接起来。
47．【答案】What makes us happy is that a professional team will take over this organization.
【知识点】固定短语；主语从句；表语从句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】"使我们开心的是"用what引导主语从句，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，翻译为what makes us happy is，"一个专业的团队将会接管这个组织"用that引导表语从句，时态用一般将来时，"一个专业的团队"是a professional team，"将会接管"是will take over，"这个组织"是this organization，因此整句话翻译为"What makes us happy is that a professional team will take over this organization"。故答案为What makes us happy is that a professional team will take over this organization.
【点评】考查主语从句，时态，主谓一致，固定短语和表语从句。注意：在着手翻译之前，首要任务是深入理解原文的内容、意图及语境。明确翻译的目的和受众，这将直接影响翻译的风格和用词。同时，识别原文中的关键信息和核心思想，为后续的翻译工作奠定坚实基础。针对翻译过程中可能涉及的词汇、语法、句型及文化背景等知识点进行回顾。确保自己对这些内容有清晰的认识和准确的把握，以便在翻译时能够迅速调用，提高翻译的准确性和效率。在明确翻译方向后，对翻译思路进行梳理和规划。分析原文的结构和逻辑关系，思考如何将这些元素在译文中恰当地体现出来。同时，规划好翻译的整体框架和步骤，确保翻译过程有条不紊。
48．【答案】Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity
Aimed at promoting students' interest and creativity in science and technology, our school held a successful science and technology festival last Friday, which attracted enthusiastic participation from all students and teachers.
The festival featured a wide range of activities. The exhibition hall displayed various creative works, such as self-made robots, 3D-printed models, and environmental friendly inventions. Students also participated in hands-on activities, learning skills like programming and circuit design. Additionally, a series of inspiring science lectures were given by experts, which covered the latest technological advancements and scientific knowledge, broadening students' horizons and inspiring their curiosity.
The Tech Festival not only ignited students' passion for innovation in science and technology but also provided a platform for them to showcase their talents. It was truly an unforgettable event full of innovation and creativity.
【知识点】文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇学校举行的科技节活动的报道。写作背景：李华学校于上周五举办了主题为Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity的科技节活动。内容包括：1. 阐述活动目的；2. 阐述活动内容；3. 阐述活动的反响及意义 。注意：1. 时态为一般过去时；2.注意不要遗漏写作要点，详略得当，可适当拓展，突出写作重点；3. 注意语句表达规范流畅，逻辑正确，条理清晰，语义连贯；4. 不能使用真实的名称；5. 写作词数为80字左右。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Aimed at promoting students' interest and creativity in science and technology, our school held a successful science and technology festival last Friday, which attracted enthusiastic participation from all students and teachers.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）；Students also participated in hands-on activities, learning skills like programming and circuit design.（运用了现在分词作状语）；Additionally, a series of inspiring science lectures were given by experts, which covered the latest technological advancements and scientific knowledge, broadening students' horizons and inspiring their curiosity.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及现在分词作状语）；The Tech Festival not only ignited students' passion for innovation in science and technology but also provided a platform for them to showcase their talents.（运用了not only...but also连接的并列结构）。
49．【答案】Edward realized that these poor people were in trouble. He took out his dollars, and gave them all to the man. A wave of inexpressible warmth and gratitude came flooding when the man reached out his shivering hands for the shiny dollars. Taking a firm grip of them in one hand and holding Edward's hand warmly, he stammered out words of thanks in his broken English. After wishing them a peaceful and happy New Year, Edward went back home. The moment he reached home, he couldn't wait to share with his father his act of charity. Hearing that, his father gave him a thumb up.
"My dear boy," said his father, "Here are a dozen of books for you." He continued with satisfaction, "They are a reward for your kindness to people in need. You do deserve them." Looking intently at what may be the best he had ever received, Edward felt an immense pride in himself, which flowed all over his body. Since then, these books given by his father have been serving as a constant reminder of the importance of lending a helping hand to others in trouble whenever he could.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，该篇记叙文以人物为线索展开，本文讲述了一个名叫Edward的小男孩在新年早晨的经历。他急切地想要成为第一个向家人和朋友送上新年祝福的人，并因此得到了父亲给他的50美元去买书。然而，当他看到一个贫困家庭在寒风中挨饿时，他决定把钱全部给他们。这个故事展现了Edward的善良和无私，以及他父亲对他的肯定和奖励。段落续写：
由第一段首句"Edward意识到这些可怜的人遇到了麻烦。"可知，第一段应描写Edward如何帮助这个贫困家庭的过程，以及他内心的感受。由第二段首句"‘我的好孩子，'他的父亲说，‘这里有十二本书送给你。'"可知，第二段应描写父亲对Edward的奖励和鼓励，以及Edward的感受和感悟。续写线索：发现贫困家庭——决定帮助——给予金钱——父亲的奖励——感悟。写作时要注意准确运用时态，上下文意思要连贯，符合句际间和段际间的逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇及句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型来提升文章的档次。
【点评】1. 本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。 例如： A wave of inexpressible warmth and gratitude came flooding when the man reached out his shivering hands for the shiny dollars. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句）；Taking a firm grip of them in one hand and holding Edward's hand warmly, he stammered out words of thanks in his broken English. （运用了现在分词作状语）；The moment he reached home, he couldn't wait to share with his father his act of charity. （运用了the moment引导的时间状语从句）；Hearing that, his father gave him a thumb up.（运用了现在分词作状语）；Looking intently at what may be the best he had ever received, Edward felt an immense pride in himself, which flowed all over his body.（运用了现在分词作状语，what引导的宾语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）。
2. 读后续写步骤如下
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，比如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生能做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生检查关键词语的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到字迹工整与清晰。
3. 在做此类试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停顿，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾；经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
1 / 1广东省东莞市五校2024-2025学年高二下学期5月联考英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2025高二下·东莞月考）For generations, the name Milton Hershey has been a well-known word closely connected with fine chocolate products throughout the country and around the world. He was born in 1857 on a farm near Derry Church, a small Pennsylvania community. Frequent family moves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade.
Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed, so did his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey persevered in his dream and finally established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success.
Hershey became fascinated with the German chocolate-making machinery exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. He bought the equipment for his Lancaster plant and soon began producing various chocolate creations. Hershey sold the Lancaster Company in 1900 in order to focus entirely on his chocolate business.
Three years later, he returned to Derry Church to build a new factory. Through trial and error, he created his own formula (配方) for milk chocolate. In 1903 he began construction on what was to become the world's largest chocolate plant. After its completion, Hershey's milk chocolate quickly became the first nationally marketed product of its kind.
With Milton Hershey's success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a complete new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. The town of Hershey continues to be a special place for its residents and a popular attraction for millions of visitors each year. Indeed, Milton Hershey's achievements do speak for themselves.
1．What stopped Hershey from having systematic school education
A．His lack of interest in study.
B．His family's continual relocation.
C．His failure to meet school requirements.
D．His parents' attaching little value to education.
2．Why did Hershey sell his Lancaster plant
A．The chocolate creation were of low quality.
B．The plant had suffered a great financial loss.
C．His chocolate business required a lot of money.
D．He decided to fully concentrate on his business.
3．Which of the following best describes Hershey
A．Generous and open-minded. B．Strict and well-behaved.
C．Determined and public-spirited. D．Humorous and ambitious.
【答案】1．B
2．D
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了米尔顿·赫尔希历经多次创业失败后成功创立巧克力品牌，并为员工打造模范社区，其成就令人瞩目。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段"Frequent family moves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade.(频繁的家庭搬迁中断了他的学业，使他受教育程度有限，他只完成了四年级学业)"可知，他没有接受系统的学校教育是因为他的家庭经常搬家。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段末"Hershey sold the Lancaster Company in 1900 in order to focus entirely on his chocolate business.(1900年，赫尔希出售了Lancaster公司，以便全身心投入到巧克力业务中)"可知，他卖掉这个公司是要全身心地研究巧克力生意。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段"Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed, so did his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey persevered in his dream and finally established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success.(在跟随Lancaster的一位糖果制造商完成了四年的学徒生涯后，他在费城创办了自己的第一家糖果制造企业。最初的尝试失败了，随后在芝加哥和纽约的两次尝试也以失败告终。1883年，赫尔希回到兰开斯特，坚持不懈地追逐他的梦想，最终成立了Lancaster Caramel Company，该公司迅速取得了巨大成功)"及最后一段"With Milton Hershey's success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a complete new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. The town of Hershey continues to be a special place for its residents and a popular attraction for millions of visitors each year. (随着米尔顿·赫尔希的成功，他产生了强烈的社会责任感。赫尔希在他的工厂周围创建了一个全新的社区。他为员工建造了一个模范城镇，包括舒适的住房、廉价的公共交通系统、优质的公立学校系统以及丰富的文化机会。赫尔希镇至今仍然是居民的特殊居住地，每年吸引数百万游客前来参观)"可知，赫尔希是一个意志坚决并且有社会公德心的人。故选C。
二、阅读理解B
（2025高二下·东莞月考）Water shortage is one of the world's biggest challenges. The World Health Organization (WHO) thinks one in three people globally do not have easy access to clean water. Desalinating (给……脱盐) ocean water could help. But currently-available desalination units typically require high-pressure pumps to push water through filters (过滤器), which makes it difficult to reduce their size without influencing the energy-efficiency of the device. Meanwhile, they are too expensive to set up widely.
Now, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a convenient desalination machine. Unlike traditional desalination units, the MIT machine uses electricity to remove the salt and other small things from the ocean water. More importantly, the suitcase-sized device needs less power to run. It can also be powered by a small solar panel that costs less than $50. The lack of filters and the low electricity requirements make the machine extremely cheap to set up. "Ease of use was one of the main motivations for creating the device." said one researcher.
After running lab experiments using water with different salinity (盐度) levels, they field-tested the device at Boston's Carson Beach. The researchers set the box near the shore and put the tube into the water. In about half an hour, the device had filled a plastic cup with clear, drinkable water.
The researchers believe their invention can deliver drinking water meeting WHO quality standards with a push of a button. Meanwhile, a smartphone app allows the user to control the unit wirelessly and receive real-time data on power consumption and water salinity. It also sends out information when the water is drinkable.
The MIT team is now exploring ways to bring their machine to market. They believe it will benefit residents of small islands or those running away from natural disasters in the future.
4．What do we know about the current desalination units
A．They cannot work efficiently. B．They are usually large in size.
C．They were developed by MIT. D．They cannot stand high pressure.
5．Which aspect of the new desalination device is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The original purpose. B．The working process.
C．The practical advantages. D．The major components.
6．What makes the researchers confident in their invention
A．That it is user-friendly and effective.
B．That it can provide lots of real-time data.
C．That it can be supported by several smartphone apps.
D．That it has successfully passed many lab experiments.
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍麻省理工学院研发的新型海水淡化设备，对比传统设备的不足，突出其高效、便携、低成本的优势及应用前景。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和段落大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做段落大意题时，注意确定主题句，主题句是段落中表达主要观点或思想的句子，通常位于段落的开头或结尾，偶尔也会出现在段落中间。由于主题句往往出现在段落的首尾，因此仔细阅读段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的转折词和总结性语言常用来引入新的观点或总结段落内容，对理解段落大意至关重要。在理解段落信息的基础上，用简洁的语言概括段落的主要内容。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段"But currently-available desalination units typically require high-pressure pumps to push water through filters (过滤器), which makes it difficult to reduce their size without influencing the energy-efficiency of the device. (但目前可用的脱盐装置通常需要高压泵将水推过过滤器，这使得在不影响设备能效的情况下，很难减小它们的尺寸。)"可知，目前的脱盐装置尺寸比较大，且在不影响设备能效的情况下无法减小。故选B。
5．段落大意题。根据第二段"Unlike traditional desalination units, the MIT machine uses electricity to remove the salt and other small things from the ocean water. More importantly, the suitcase-sized device needs less power to run. It can also be powered by a small solar panel that costs less than $50. The lack of filters and the low electricity requirements make the machine extremely cheap to set up. (与传统的海水淡化装置不同，麻省理工学院的机器利用电力去除海水中的盐分和其他微小物质。更重要的是，这种手提箱大小的设备运行时所需电力更少，甚至可以由一个成本低于50美元的小型太阳能电池板供电。由于不需要过滤器且耗电量低，使得该机器的设置成本极其低廉。)"可知，MIT发明的脱盐装置使用电力来去盐、所需能耗低、尺寸较小且价格便宜，这些都是其优点，由此可知，第二段主要介绍了新的脱盐装置的实际优势。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段"The researchers believe their invention can deliver drinking water meeting WHO quality standards with a push of a button. Meanwhile, a smartphone app allows the user to control the unit wirelessly and receive real-time data on power consumption and water salinity. (研究人员认为，他们的发明只需按一下按钮，就可以提供符合世界卫生组织质量标准的饮用水。同时，智能手机应用程序允许用户无线控制设备，并接收有关功耗和水盐度的实时数据)"可知，研究人员认为他们所发明的脱盐装置对于用户来说非常方便。由此推知，"它是用户友好型且有效"是研究人员自信的原因。故选A。
三、阅读理解C
（2025高二下·东莞月考）If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, "Something smells fishy." In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of "free money" (as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services) because they seem "too good to be true". The research bridges economics and psychology to explain why financial attraction can backfire.
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely, compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. "People typically imagine things like that someone did something disgusting to the cookie," says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, incredibly high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher financial profit reduced participants' potential of accepting the offer.
If someone seems to go against accepted norms such as self-interest without explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be "phantom costs": imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer's "psychological value".
Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. "Understanding that others' perceived over generosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people's reluctance," says Rachel McCloy, a psychologist studying decision-making at England's University of Reading. "The old saying ‘there's no such thing as a free lunch' is clearly alive and well."
Another experiment found that high scorers on measures of distrust inferred more phantom costs. The researchers also showed how to alleviate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The "cheap flights" experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. "Uncomfortable seats aren't typically a selling point," Vonasch says. "But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation."
7．What does the underlined word "backfire" in Para. 1 mean
A．Result in an opposite effect.
B．Boost the success of an offer.
C．Increase the appeal of a proposal.
D．Cause a positive outcome unexpectedly.
8．Why is the quote "there's no such thing as a free lunch" mentioned by the author
A．To prove the phantom costs.
B．To promote generosity in society.
C．To doubt hidden costs of generous offers.
D．To remind people to be cautious of free items.
9．What helps make the "cheap flights" more acceptable according to the experiment
A．Offering more flight credits.
B．Discounting the price further.
C．Providing additional unrelated gifts.
D．Giving a seemingly reasonable explanation.
10．Which could be the best title for the text
A．Why People Embrace High-Value Offers
B．Why People Reject Free Money and Offers
C．Why Some Deals Seem Too Good to Be True
D．How Offers of Money Increase Acceptance Rates
【答案】7．A
8．A
9．D
10．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人们为何倾向于拒绝看似"好得令人难以置信"的免费或高价值提议，一项研究结合心理学和经济学，解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和标题选择题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。做标题选择题时，注意关注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判断标题是否准确的重要依据。利用关键词，文章中的关键词汇、短语或句子往往与标题有紧密联系，可以通过关键词汇的匹配来缩小选择范围。语境理解，理解文章的整体语境和作者的态度倾向，有助于准确把握文章的主旨和标题的选择方向。
7．词义猜测题。根据第一段"In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of "free money" (as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services) because they seem "too good to be true". (在《人格与社会心理学公报》上发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝"免费的钱"（以及异常高的薪水或可疑的廉价服务），因为它们看起来"好得令人难以置信")"提到超出预期的绝好提议往往会被拒绝，这与人们通常趋利的倾向相反。由此可知，该研究解释的是为什么经济吸引力可能适得其反，画线词意思应该是"Result in an opposite effect (导致相反的效果)"。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段"If someone seems to go against accepted norms such as self-interest without explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be "phantom costs": imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer's "psychological value". (如果某人似乎毫无缘由地违背了自我利益等公认的准则，我们就会认为他们有隐藏的动机，并推断出会有"幽灵成本"：一些想象出来的后果，可能会减少Vonasch称一项提议的"心理价值")"用"幽灵成本"的概念解释了为什么人们往往会拒绝看似过度慷慨的东西，再结合第四段中"The old saying ‘there's no such thing as a free lunch' is clearly alive and well. ("天下没有免费的午餐"这句老话显然很有道理)"可知，作者肯定了这句谚语的意义，进一步强调看似免费的东西实际上可能存在隐藏的风险，证明了"幽灵成本"的存在。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段""Uncomfortable seats aren't typically a selling point," Vonasch says. "But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation." ("不舒服的座位通常不是卖点，"Vonasch说。"但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意坐，因为这是一个充分的解释。")"可知，给出一个看似合理的解释有助于让人们更容易接受"廉价航班"。故选D。
10．标题选择题。根据第一段"If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, "Something smells fishy." (如果一个陌生人给你一块免费的饼干，你很可能会吃掉它。但如果他们还愿意给你2美元呢？你可能会礼貌地拒绝，然后走开，心想："有东西闻起来很可疑。")"可知，文章围绕人们倾向于拒绝看似"好得令人难以置信"的免费或高价值提议这一现象展开，介绍了一项结合心理学和经济学的研究，该研究解释了这种心理现象，表明原因在于人们认为这些提议可能隐藏着未知的成本或风险。因此，C项"为什么有些交易看起来好得令人难以置信"最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C。
四、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高二下·东莞月考）In every culture throughout time, the kitchen has had a powerful influence. The simple practice of sitting down together at the table gives us the chance to connect and communicate.　11． 　
It depends on where you live, your age, and other factors, but the answer is, yes. Our intentions for "home" are evolving.
　12． 　 Fast-paced lifestyles and work schedules make it hard to find time to shop for groceries and prepare meals. Online food delivery services have taken off, too. In 2016, one in 10 Chinese were ordering food online. Throughout Europe, online ordering is capturing 56 percent of the market in Sweden and 43 percent in Austria. In India, online food ordering is expected to reach close to $12m(US)by 2023.
While there is a trend towards bring-in and order-in food, as well as dining out, the kitchen is still a core in home life. Food & Wine cited a survey in 22 countries asking about cooking habits.　13． 　 At the lower end were South Koreans, who spent just 3.7 hours per week cooking. People in India were at the top with 13.2 hours per week spent in the kitchen.
Simply being in the kitchen, cooking and eating with other people, can have healthy benefits. Regardless of its size, the kitchen is a warm and inviting place.　14． 　 The difference is, now you can follow a recipe on your iPad while cooking.
It's true that impersonal appliances are connecting to each other and to us. Refrigerators order vegetables. Cooktop hoods with sensors turn on by themselves. While technology and our expectations for the kitchen are shape-shifting in real time, the fundamentals remain the same.　15． 　
A. So is cooking a way to express yourself
B. The global average was almost 6.5 hours.
C. But is our relationship to the kitchen changing
D. It's like gathering around a campfire in the past.
E. People seem to be spending less time cooking worldwide.
F. Now more of them are eating outside the home more frequently.
G. The kitchen is where we connect with food and company in the soul of the home.
【答案】11．C；12．E；13．B；14．D；15．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了厨房在人们生活中的重要性，以及随着时代发展人们与厨房的关系正在发生变化，如快节奏生活导致人们烹饪时间减少、外卖兴起等，但同时强调厨房仍然是家庭生活的核心，在厨房中与他人一起烹饪和用餐对健康有益，且尽管厨房相关的科技在发展，但厨房作为家庭中与食物和家人联系的核心地位这一基本原理并未改变。
备选项的中文意思：
A. 那么烹饪是一种自我表达的方式吗？
B. 全球平均耗时接近6.5小时。
C. 但我们与厨房的关系正在改变吗？
D. 这就像过去人们围坐在篝火旁。
E. 全球范围内，人们花在烹饪上的时间似乎正在减少。
F. 如今更多人更频繁地选择外出就餐。
G. 厨房是我们在家的灵魂深处连接食物与陪伴的场所。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2. 首先快速浏览一遍几个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4. 看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5. 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。
11．根据上文"In every culture throughout time, the kitchen has had a powerful influence. The simple practice of sitting down together at the table gives us the chance to connect and communicate. (在古往今来的每一种文化中，厨房都产生了强大的影响。一起坐在餐桌旁的简单练习让我们有机会建立联系和交流。)"及下文"It depends on where you live, your age, and other factors, but the answer is, yes. Our intentions for ‘home' are evolving. (这取决于你住在哪里、你的年龄和其他因素，但答案是肯定的。我们对‘家'的意图正在演变。)"可知，空处为过渡句，且为问句，设问厨房与我们之间的关系是否变化，与C项"But is our relationship to the kitchen changing ( 但我们与厨房的关系正在改变吗？)"上下文一致，承上启下，故选C。
12．根据下文"Fast-paced lifestyles and work schedules make it hard to find time to shop for groceries and prepare meals. Online food delivery services have taken off, too. In 2016, one in 10 Chinese were ordering food online. (快节奏的生活方式和工作日程使人们很难找到时间购买杂货和准备饭菜。在线食品配送服务也已经起飞。2016年，每10个中国人中就有1个在网上订购食物。)"可知，人们在烹饪上花费的时间在减少，与E项"People seem to be spending less time cooking worldwide. (全球范围内，人们花在烹饪上的时间似乎正在减少。)"上下文一致，符合文意，故选E。
13．根据上文"While there is a trend towards bring-in and order-in food, as well as dining out, the kitchen is still a core in home life. Food & Wine cited a survey in 22 countries asking about cooking habits. (虽然有自带和点餐以及外出就餐的趋势，但厨房仍然是家庭生活的核心。Food & Wine引用了22个国家的一项调查，询问烹饪习惯。)"并结合下文"At the lower end were South Koreans, who spent just 3.7 hours per week cooking. People in India were at the top with 13.2 hours per week spent in the kitchen. (处于较低端的是韩国人，他们每周仅花3.7小时做饭。印度人则处于顶端，每周在厨房花费13.2小时。)"可知，空处出做饭所花时间有关，与B项"The global average was almost 6.5 hours. (全球平均耗时接近6.5小时。)"上下文一致，符合文意，故选B。
14．根据上文"Regardless of its size, the kitchen is a warm and inviting place. (无论厨房大小，它都是一个温暖而诱人的地方。)"可知，厨房是温暖且吸引人的地方，与D项"It's like gathering around a campfire in the past. (这就像过去人们围坐在篝火旁。)"上下文一致，符合文意，形象地说明了厨房的这种氛围。故选D。
15．根据上文"While technology and our expectations for the kitchen are shape-shifting in real time, the fundamentals remain the same. (虽然技术和我们对厨房的期望正在实时变化，但基本原理保持不变。)"可知，厨房的在家庭中的意义重大，与G项"The kitchen is where we connect with food and company in the soul of the home. ( 厨房是我们在家的灵魂深处连接食物与陪伴的场所。)"上下文一致，符合文意，故选G。
五、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（2025高二下·东莞月考）I was annoyed that my mom had even scheduled the appointment with a doctor for me. As doctors so often do, when he arrived he went straight into the basic small talk about my 16． history.
But then he 17． a question that took me off guard. "So Robin, what are you going to do after high school " He wrote something at his notes, with not even a glance in my 18． . "I don't know," I whispered. I was seventeen. I had no 19． what I was going to do after high school. My high school teacher told me that I wasn't "college material" and I believed her. Education wasn't exactly 20． in my family.
"You don't know Why don't you go to college to become a 21． like me " He smiled as he glanced at his watch. I thought he was 22． for even suggesting it. No one in my family had even graduated from college, let alone become a doctor. "I'm not smart enough to be a doctor."
He stared directly into my eyes when he 23． said, "Let me tell you something. You don't have to be smart to be a doctor. You just have to be persevering." Then the doctor hurriedly gathered his things and rushed off to his next 24． .
I 25． to think about it when I was at school. What would I do after high-school Even though I wasn't college material, that doctor made a(n) 26． on me. I applied to a college and soon found myself walking in the 27． as a new student. I often questioned what I was doing there. Maybe I wasn't smart enough for college, but I could be persevering.
I was 28． to find that with each individual achievement came newfound 29． in myself. I graduated with a master's degree in September 2014, two decades after that 30． with my doctor.
16．A．career B．health C．credit D．growth
17．A．threw in B．set off C．came across D．made up
18．A．account B．opinion C．resolution D．direction
19．A．idea B．core C．pressure D．discovery
20．A．abandoned B．protested C．emphasized D．declared
21．A．professor B．doctor C．blogger D．sponsor
22．A．crazy B．anxious C．genuine D．greedy
23．A．casually B．automatically C．seriously D．doubtfully
24．A．recreation B．commitment C．contest D．appointment
25．A．continued B．hesitated C．calculated D．pretended
26．A．comment B．impact C．distribution D．advertisement
27．A．venue B．campus C．workshop D．stadium
28．A．frightened B．annoyed C．surprised D．discouraged
29．A．freedom B．sympathy C．guilt D．confidence
30．A．argument B．debate C．conversation D．negotiation
【答案】16．B；17．A；18．D；19．A；20．C；21．B；22．A；23．C；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．C
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；动词的词义辨析；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在医生的鼓励下，克服自我怀疑，坚持求学并获得硕士学位的经历，展现了毅力与自信的重要性。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。
16．句意：像医生常做的那样，他一进来就直奔主题，询问我的健康史。A. career职业；B. health健康；C. credit信用；D. growth成长。根据上文"the appointment with a doctor for me"可知上文说的是与医生预约，可推理出医生询问的应是健康史，故选B。
17．句意：但他突然抛出一个让我措手不及的问题。A. threw in插入；B. set off出发；C. came across遇到；D. made up编造。根据下文"took me off guard"可知下文说的是让我措手不及，可推理出医生突然插入问题，故选A。
18．句意：他在笔记上写着什么，甚至没有朝我的方向看一眼。A. account账户；B. opinion观点；C. resolution决心；D. direction方向。根据上文"He wrote something at his notes"可知上文说的是他在笔记上写着什么，可推理出医生未看向我的方向，故选D。
19．句意：我十七岁，对高中毕业后要做什么毫无头绪。A. idea想法；B. core核心；C. pressure压力；D. discovery发现。根据下文"My high school teacher told me that I wasn't "college material" and I believed her"可知下文说的是我的老师认为我不是学习的材料，而且我也这么认为，可推理出此处说的是我对高中毕业后要做什么毫无头绪，故选A。
20．句意：教育在我的家庭中并不被强调。A. abandoned抛弃；B. protested抗议；C. emphasized强调；D. declared宣布。根据"No one in my family had even graduated from college"可知下文说的是自己的家人均未大学毕业，可推理出教育未被家庭重视，故选C。
21．句意："你为什么不上大学像我一样当医生呢？"A. professor教授；B. doctor医生；C. blogger博主；D. sponsor赞助者。根据下文"like me"可知下文提到了"像我一样"，作者在见医生，可推理空白处应填表示"医生"含义的表达，故选B。
22．句意：我觉得他提出这个建议简直是疯了。A. crazy疯狂的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. genuine真诚的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据下文"No one in my family had even graduated from college, let alone become a doctor"，可知下文说的是作者的家里没人上过大学，更别说当医生了，可推理出此处说的是医生建议显得"疯狂"，故选A。
23．句意：他严肃地说道："让我告诉你，当医生不需要多聪明，只需要坚持。"A. casually随意地；B. automatically自动地；C. seriously严肃地；D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据上文"He stared directly into my eyes"以及下文"Let me tell you something. You don't have to be smart to be a doctor. You just have to be persevering"可知医生直视我的眼睛说当医生不需要多聪明，只需要坚持，可推理出医生态度严肃，故选C。
24．句意：医生匆忙收拾东西，赶去下一个预约。A. recreation娱乐；B. commitment承诺；C. contest比赛；D. appointment预约。根据上文"the appointment with a doctor for me"可知上文说的是与医生预约，可推理出医生工作场景需赴多个预约，故选D。
25．句意：我在学校时继续思考这个问题。A. continued继续；B. hesitated犹豫；C. calculated计算；D. pretended假装。根据下文"What would I do after high-school "可知，下文说的是作者思考高中毕业后干什么，可推理出作者在持续思考，故选A。
26．句意：尽管我不够聪明，但那位医生对我产生了影响。A. comment评论；B. impact影响；C. distribution分配；D. advertisement广告。根据下文"I applied to a college"可知下文说的是我申请上了大学，可推理出医生的话对作者有影响，故选B。
27．句意：我作为新生走在校园里。A. venue场地；B. campus校园；C. workshop车间；D. stadium体育场。根据上文"applied to a college"以及"as a new student"可知，上文说的是申请上大学，下文说的是作为新生，可推理出此处说的是入学后身处校园，故选B。
28．句意：我惊讶地发现，每一次成就都带来新的自信。A. frightened害怕的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. discouraged气馁的。根据下文"I graduated with a master's degree"可知下文说的是作者拿到了硕士学位，可推理出作者对自身变化感到意外，故选C。
29．句意：我惊讶地发现，每一次成就都带来新的自信。A. freedom自由；B. sympathy同情；C. guilt内疚；D. confidence自信。根据上文"individual achievement"与"newfound"可知上文提到了个人成就，还提到了新发现，再根据下文"I graduated with a master's degree"可知下文说的是作者拿到了硕士学位，可推理出此处说的是每一次成就都带来新的自信，故选D。
30．句意：2014年9月，我获得硕士学位，距离与医生的那次对话已过去二十年。A. argument争论；B. debate辩论；C. conversation对话；D. negotiation谈判。根据上文"Let me tell you something. You don't have to be smart to be a doctor. You just have to be persevering"可知医生直视我的眼睛说当医生不需要多聪明，只需要坚持，这是医生与我的对话，可推理出此处说的是距离与医生的那次对话已过去二十年，故选C。
六、根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41-50的相应位置。
31．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The newly-built library is superior 　 　 the old one in terms of book collection and reading environment, providing a better space for students to study. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【知识点】固定短语
【解析】【分析】句意：新建的图书馆在藏书和阅读环境方面都优于旧图书馆，为学生提供了更好的学习空间。此处表示"比……更优越；优于……"，be superior to，固定短语，符合语境。故填to。
【点评】考查固定短语be superior to。注意：固定短语有其固定的结构和用法，包括词序、词性搭配等。在解题时，要注意短语的结构特点，确保填入的词与短语的其他部分在词性和词序上相匹配。
32．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The Internet service in this area is 　 　 (temporary) unavailable due to some technical problems. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】temporarily
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：由于一些技术问题，该地区的互联网服务暂时不可用。temporary，暂时的，形容词。空处在句中作状语修饰形容词unavailable，应用其副词形式。故填temporarily。
【点评】考查副词temporarily的识记运用，词性转换以及副词作状语修饰动词。注意：首先观察空格在句子中的位置，判断其是修饰动词、形容词还是整个句子。识别句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等核心成分，以及是否存在其他修饰成分如定语、状语等。结合上下文理解句子的整体意义，判断空格处应填入的副词所表达的含义。
33．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The charity event is sponsored by several local 　 　 (chairwoman) who provide funds and resources. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】chairwomen
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这场慈善活动由几位当地女主席赞助，她们提供资金和资源。 chairwoman，主席，可数名词。空处在句中作介词by的宾语且被several修饰，应用其复数形式。故填chairwomen。
【点评】考查名词复数。注意：名词在句子中常需要根据语境进行形式上的变化，如单复数、所有格等。在填空时，首先要根据句子的意思和语法规则判断应填入的名词形式。例如，若句子中提到多个相同的事物，则名词需用复数形式；若表示所属关系，则需使用名词所有格。
34．（2025高二下·东莞月考）After watching the inspiring movie about space, he developed 　 　 urge to become a devoted astronaut. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】an
【知识点】不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：看了这部鼓舞人心的太空电影后，他产生了成为一名忠诚的宇航员的愿望。空格后的urge是可数名词，此处表示"一种强烈的愿望"，应该用不定冠词，由于urge的发音为元音音素开头的，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
【点评】考查冠词。注意：判断泛指与特指，泛指用a/an，表示一类人或事物中的任意一个。特指用the，指特定的、双方都知道的人或事物。注意固定搭配，有些短语是固定搭配。关注上下文语境，根据句子前后内容判断。如果前文提到过某物，后文再次提到时通常用the。考虑可数性，不可数名词和复数名词表示泛指时一般不用冠词。以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。
35．（2025高二下·东莞月考）　 　 (complete) all the preparations for a week, the research team was ready to start the experiment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having completed
【知识点】动词现在分词；分词
【解析】【分析】句意：已经完成了一周的所有准备工作，研究小组准备开始实验。 complete，完成，动词。句子中已有谓语动词was ready to start，空处应为非谓语动词作状语，且complete和其逻辑主语the research team之间是主动关系，结合时间状语for a week可知，应用现在分词的完成式having done，having位于句首，首字母大写。故填Having completed。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意：首先，要清楚非谓语动词的定义和形式。观察句子结构，一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词，若句子中出现两个或两个以上的动词，且没有连词连接，那么除了谓语动词以外的动词就是非谓语动词。识别连词，若有连词连接动词，需判断连词连接的是两个完整的句子还是动词短语。若连接的是动词短语，则第二个动词也为谓语动词（适用于并列句）；若连接的是两个完整的句子，则每个句子都有自己的谓语动词，其他动词需填非谓语动词。找逻辑主语，非谓语动词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语或非谓语动词前面的名词。确定逻辑主语后，要判断其与非谓语动词之间的主动或被动关系。主动关系，若逻辑主语是非谓语动词的发出者，则用不定式（to do）或现在分词（doing）。其中，不定式通常表示目的或将来，而现在分词表示主动和进行。被动关系，若逻辑主语是非谓语动词的承受者，则用过去分词（done）表示被动。判断动作发生的时间：发生在谓语动词之后，通常用不定式（to do）表示目的或将来；与谓语动词同时发生，用现在分词（doing）表示；发生在谓语动词之前，通常用过去分词（done）的完成式（having done）或不定式的完成式（to have done），但更常见的是直接使用过去分词（done）表示已经完成的动作或状态。
36．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The ancient vase, which 　 　(steal) from the museum last month, has been found. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was stolen
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：上个月从博物馆被盗的古花瓶已经找到了。steal，偷，动词。此处为定语从句中谓语动词的填入，根据时间状语"last month"，确定动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。主语"vase"与动词"steal" 为被动关系（花瓶被偷），故用被动语态"was stolen"。故填was stolen。
【点评】考查动词时态和语态。注意：首先，观察空格处是否给出了动词作为提示，这是判断是否需要填写谓语动词的第一步。分析句子结构，看空格处是否缺少谓语动词。如果句子中已有谓语动词，但空格处与已有谓语动词是并列关系或构成复合句，也可能需要填写谓语动词。确定时态。查找句中有无时间状语，如时间词（yesterday, last week, tomorrow等）或表示时间关系的副词（already, just, yet等），根据时间状语确定时态。如果没有明确的时间状语，根据上下文语境中的时态来确定空格处的时态。注意时态之间的呼应和逻辑一致性。确定语态。看提示词与句子主语之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。主谓一致。主语单复数：根据主语是单数还是复数来确定谓语动词的形式。主语是单数时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。掌握动词的基本形式。动词原形：用于祈使句、主语为第二人称或第一人称复数时的简单句等。第三人称单数形式：当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词需要变化为相应的第三人称单数形式。过去式、过去分词、现在分词：根据句子的时态和语态需要，选择正确的动词形式。
37．（2025高二下·东莞月考）They are discussing 　 　 the new policy should be carried out now or be put off later. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：他们正在讨论新政策是现在实施还是往后推迟。该空需要一个连接词引导宾语从句，根据后面的or可知，他们正在讨论两种选择，需要表示"是……还是……"，表选择应使用whether与or连用。故填whether。
【点评】考查宾语从句。注意：在解答宾语从句相关题目时，可以运用以下解题技巧：判断从句引导词，如果从句部分缺少主语、宾语或表语，通常使用关系代词"what"、"who（whom）"、"which"等。如果从句部分不缺少成分，只起连接作用或表达疑问，则使用从属连词"that"（无实际意义，口语中有时可省略）、"if"或"whether"（表示"是否"）。注意语序，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语的顺序。时态呼应，如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句要使用相应的过去时态。特殊情况，当宾语从句表示客观事实或真理时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。在某些动词（如suggest, insist等）后的宾语从句中，如果表示建议、要求、命令等，从句要用虚拟语气，即"should + 动词原形"，should可以省略。
38．（2025高二下·东莞月考）Up to now, neither the actors nor the director 　 　 (know) the outcome of the selection. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has known
【知识点】现在完成时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：到目前为止，演员和导演都不知道评选结果。know，知道/了解，动词。由Up to now可知，句子时态是现在完成时，neither...nor...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式根据就近原则来确定，即根据the director确定，the director是单数，因此空格处是has known。故填has known。
【分析】考查时态和主谓一致。注意：有时需要根据句子的语境和上下文来判断谓语动词的具体形式。注意句子中的并列连词、从属连词等，它们可能提示了谓语动词的时态、语态或形式。
39．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere 　 　 can make the audience fully immersed in the music. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词atmosphere被最高级the most wonderful修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意：在解答定语从句的题目中，首先要找出或理解句子中的定语从句，并识别其关系词。在句子中找到被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，这个名词或代词就是先行词。先行词决定了关系词的选择。确定关系词的位置，关系词通常紧跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句。判断关系词的作用，关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、定语或状语）。根据先行词是人还是物来选择关系代词或考虑使用关系副词。如果先行词被特定的词（如序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词等）修饰，或者句子需要强调特定意义，通常使用that作为关系词。
40．（2025高二下·东莞月考）Some plants have the capacity 　 　 (communicate) with each other by releasing chemical signals when under attack. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to communicate
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：一些植物有能力在受到攻击时通过释放化学信号来相互交流。communicate，交流，动词。名词capacity后用不定式作定语，capacity to do意为"做某事的能力"。故填to communicate。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意：熟练识记其后可接动词不定式做后置定语的抽象名词。
七、根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。
41．（2025高二下·东莞月考）Unexpectedly, Jim firmly 　 　　 　 (拒绝) the job that offered excellent salary the other day. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】turned；down
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：出乎意料的是，吉姆前几天坚决拒绝了那份薪水优厚的工作。根据汉语提示"拒绝"可知，应用动词短语turn down，根据the other day可知，本句描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填turned down。
【点评】考查固定短语以及时态。注意：要熟悉常见的英语固定短语。这些短语通常由动词、介词、名词或形容词等组合而成，具有特定的含义和用法。 仔细阅读题干，理解句子的整体意思和语境。这有助于判断哪个固定短语最适合填入空格中。 对于每个识别出的固定短语，要准确理解其含义和用法。这有助于在填空时选择最合适的词汇。
42．（2025高二下·东莞月考）It's significant to consider the 　 　　 　　 　(利与弊)of each option before making a decision. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】pros；and；cons
【知识点】固定短语
【解析】【分析】句意：在做决定之前，考虑每个选项的利与弊是很重要的。空处表示"利与弊"，pros and cons，名词短语，在句中作宾语，符合语境。故填pros and cons。
【点评】考查固定短语。注意：固定短语的意义往往与语境和上下文密切相关。在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的语境和上下文，理解句子的整体意思和语境要求，从而选择最合适的固定短语填入空格。
43．（2025高二下·东莞月考）It is reported that the tech company is launching a new smartphone model next month.(同义句改写)
The tech company is reported 　 　　 　　 　 a new smartphone model next month.
【答案】to；be；launching
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：据报道，这家科技公司下个月将推出一款新型智能手机。原句使用It is reported that...结构，改写后用sb./sth. is reported to do...结构。根据原句的is launching可知，应用不定式的进行式to be launching，作主语补足语。故填to be launching。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。注意：解答非谓语动词相关题目时，首先要读题审题，仔细阅读题目，理解句子的整体意义。分析句子结构，找出谓语动词和非谓语动词。判断非谓语动词的作用，确定非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分及其逻辑主语。分析语态和时态，根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系及时间关系，判断应使用的语态和时态。
44．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The teachers have tested out this new teaching method since the beginning of this term.(用被动语态改写)
This new teaching method　 　　 　　 　　 　by the teachers since the beginning of this term.
【答案】has；been；tested；out
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：这种新的教学方法从本学期开始就经过了老师们的试验。原句可改为被动语态结构，主语This new teaching method和动词短语test out为被动关系，结合时态为现在完成时，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故分别填has；been；tested；out。
【分析】考查动词时态和语态。注意：以下是关于现在完成时被动语态的解题技巧：结构识别，现在完成时被动语态的结构为"have/has + been+过去分词"。首先根据句子中的助动词"have"或"has"，以及后面的"been"和一个过去分词形式的动词来判断是否为现在完成时被动语态。主语分析，注意句子的主语，如果主语是动作的承受者，那么有可能使用被动语态。时间状语关联，现在完成时有一些常用的时间状语，如"already"、"yet"、"just"、"ever"、"never"、"for+时间段"、"since+时间点或从句"等。当这些时间状语出现在句中，并且句子是被动意义时，要考虑使用现在完成时被动语态。与主动语态区分，如果句子表达的是主动意义，即主语是动作的执行者，则使用现在完成时主动语态（have/has+过去分词）；如果是被动意义，才使用现在完成时被动语态。
45．（2025高二下·东莞月考）I asked Susan, "Why do you look so worried "(用间接引语改写)
　 　
【答案】I asked Susan why she looked so worried.
【知识点】宾语从句的语序
【解析】【分析】句意：我问苏珊为什么看上去那么担心。直接引语为特殊疑问句，保留疑问词，改为why引导的宾语从句，使用陈述语序，主句使用的是一般过去时，直接引语中一般现在时改为一般过去时，直接引语中的you指代Mary，改为she。故填I asked Susan why she looked so worried.
【点评】考查间接引语。注意：直接引语与间接引语相互转换时，要注意按照规则调整人称，时态以及语序。
46．（2025高二下·东莞月考）The child is going through a difficult phase. More care and guidance are needed in this phase. (用定语从句合并句子)
　 　
【答案】The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed.
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】原句句意：这个孩子正在经历一个困难的阶段。在这个阶段需要更多的关心和指导。第二句中的this phase指代前一句中的a difficult phase，可将a difficult phase作为先行词，用限制性定语从句加以修饰，可将先行词作为定语从句中的时间状语，用关系副词when引导，或将先行词作为从句中介词in的宾语，用关系代词which引导。故答案为：The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed.
【点评】考查限制性定语从句。注意：首先确定先行词，再确定主从句，最后使用正确的关系词将主从句连接起来。
47．（2025高二下·东莞月考）使我们开心的是，一个专业的团队将会接管这个组织。（用主语从句翻译句子）
　 　
【答案】What makes us happy is that a professional team will take over this organization.
【知识点】固定短语；主语从句；表语从句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】"使我们开心的是"用what引导主语从句，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，翻译为what makes us happy is，"一个专业的团队将会接管这个组织"用that引导表语从句，时态用一般将来时，"一个专业的团队"是a professional team，"将会接管"是will take over，"这个组织"是this organization，因此整句话翻译为"What makes us happy is that a professional team will take over this organization"。故答案为What makes us happy is that a professional team will take over this organization.
【点评】考查主语从句，时态，主谓一致，固定短语和表语从句。注意：在着手翻译之前，首要任务是深入理解原文的内容、意图及语境。明确翻译的目的和受众，这将直接影响翻译的风格和用词。同时，识别原文中的关键信息和核心思想，为后续的翻译工作奠定坚实基础。针对翻译过程中可能涉及的词汇、语法、句型及文化背景等知识点进行回顾。确保自己对这些内容有清晰的认识和准确的把握，以便在翻译时能够迅速调用，提高翻译的准确性和效率。在明确翻译方向后，对翻译思路进行梳理和规划。分析原文的结构和逻辑关系，思考如何将这些元素在译文中恰当地体现出来。同时，规划好翻译的整体框架和步骤，确保翻译过程有条不紊。
八、第二节 应用文写作(满分15分)
48．（2025高二下·东莞月考）假定你是李华，上周五你校举办了以Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity为主题的科技节活动，请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.活动反响及意义。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity
Aimed at promoting students' interest and creativity in science and technology, our school held a successful science and technology festival last Friday, which attracted enthusiastic participation from all students and teachers.
The festival featured a wide range of activities. The exhibition hall displayed various creative works, such as self-made robots, 3D-printed models, and environmental friendly inventions. Students also participated in hands-on activities, learning skills like programming and circuit design. Additionally, a series of inspiring science lectures were given by experts, which covered the latest technological advancements and scientific knowledge, broadening students' horizons and inspiring their curiosity.
The Tech Festival not only ignited students' passion for innovation in science and technology but also provided a platform for them to showcase their talents. It was truly an unforgettable event full of innovation and creativity.
【知识点】文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇学校举行的科技节活动的报道。写作背景：李华学校于上周五举办了主题为Tech Festival Highlights Innovation and Creativity的科技节活动。内容包括：1. 阐述活动目的；2. 阐述活动内容；3. 阐述活动的反响及意义 。注意：1. 时态为一般过去时；2.注意不要遗漏写作要点，详略得当，可适当拓展，突出写作重点；3. 注意语句表达规范流畅，逻辑正确，条理清晰，语义连贯；4. 不能使用真实的名称；5. 写作词数为80字左右。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Aimed at promoting students' interest and creativity in science and technology, our school held a successful science and technology festival last Friday, which attracted enthusiastic participation from all students and teachers.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）；Students also participated in hands-on activities, learning skills like programming and circuit design.（运用了现在分词作状语）；Additionally, a series of inspiring science lectures were given by experts, which covered the latest technological advancements and scientific knowledge, broadening students' horizons and inspiring their curiosity.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及现在分词作状语）；The Tech Festival not only ignited students' passion for innovation in science and technology but also provided a platform for them to showcase their talents.（运用了not only...but also连接的并列结构）。
九、第三节 读后续写(满分25分)
49．（2025高二下·东莞月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One pleasant New-year morning, Edward rose, washed and dressed himself in a hurry. He wanted to be the first to wish a happy New Year to his family. He turned up at every door of the house, and shouted the words of "Happy New Year" in an excited voice. After a quick breakfast he hopped along the street like a happy bird, greeted and repeated the words to those he met.
When he came back, his father gave him 50 dollars, saying he could buy whatever he had been wishing for. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some interesting books that he had seen at the bookstore located near the river through the city. He thanked his father and danced out of the house again with a light heart, intending to buy those books.
As he ran down the street, he noticed a poor family, the father, the mother, and three children shivering with cold in the winter wind. "I wish you a happy New Year," cried Edward as he was happily passing on. The man took a look at the happy boy and shook his head sadly.
Edward stopped and said, "It seems that you do not belong to this country." The man again shook his head, a confused expression flashed over his face, for he could not understand or speak English.
But the poor man pointed to his dry mouth, and to the children with hungry looks, as if to say, "These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time."
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Edward realized that these poor people were in trouble.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
"My dear boy," said his father, "Here are a dozen of books for you."
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Edward realized that these poor people were in trouble. He took out his dollars, and gave them all to the man. A wave of inexpressible warmth and gratitude came flooding when the man reached out his shivering hands for the shiny dollars. Taking a firm grip of them in one hand and holding Edward's hand warmly, he stammered out words of thanks in his broken English. After wishing them a peaceful and happy New Year, Edward went back home. The moment he reached home, he couldn't wait to share with his father his act of charity. Hearing that, his father gave him a thumb up.
"My dear boy," said his father, "Here are a dozen of books for you." He continued with satisfaction, "They are a reward for your kindness to people in need. You do deserve them." Looking intently at what may be the best he had ever received, Edward felt an immense pride in himself, which flowed all over his body. Since then, these books given by his father have been serving as a constant reminder of the importance of lending a helping hand to others in trouble whenever he could.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，该篇记叙文以人物为线索展开，本文讲述了一个名叫Edward的小男孩在新年早晨的经历。他急切地想要成为第一个向家人和朋友送上新年祝福的人，并因此得到了父亲给他的50美元去买书。然而，当他看到一个贫困家庭在寒风中挨饿时，他决定把钱全部给他们。这个故事展现了Edward的善良和无私，以及他父亲对他的肯定和奖励。段落续写：
由第一段首句"Edward意识到这些可怜的人遇到了麻烦。"可知，第一段应描写Edward如何帮助这个贫困家庭的过程，以及他内心的感受。由第二段首句"‘我的好孩子，'他的父亲说，‘这里有十二本书送给你。'"可知，第二段应描写父亲对Edward的奖励和鼓励，以及Edward的感受和感悟。续写线索：发现贫困家庭——决定帮助——给予金钱——父亲的奖励——感悟。写作时要注意准确运用时态，上下文意思要连贯，符合句际间和段际间的逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇及句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型来提升文章的档次。
【点评】1. 本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。 例如： A wave of inexpressible warmth and gratitude came flooding when the man reached out his shivering hands for the shiny dollars. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句）；Taking a firm grip of them in one hand and holding Edward's hand warmly, he stammered out words of thanks in his broken English. （运用了现在分词作状语）；The moment he reached home, he couldn't wait to share with his father his act of charity. （运用了the moment引导的时间状语从句）；Hearing that, his father gave him a thumb up.（运用了现在分词作状语）；Looking intently at what may be the best he had ever received, Edward felt an immense pride in himself, which flowed all over his body.（运用了现在分词作状语，what引导的宾语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）。
2. 读后续写步骤如下
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，比如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生能做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生检查关键词语的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到字迹工整与清晰。
3. 在做此类试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停顿，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾；经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
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