2025年牛津上海版(试用本)九年级英语上册精讲精练
Unit 3 Pets
核心语法:现在分词作定语和状语
一、现在分词的基本概念
现在分词(Present Participle)是动词的-ing形式(如reading, swimming),具有形容词和副词性质,在句中可作定语和状语。
核心特点:
表示主动或进行的意义
保留动词特性(可带宾语/状语)
构成规则:
一般动词直接加-ing:work → working
以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing:write → writing
重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母加-ing:run → running
二、现在分词作定语
1. 前置定语(单个分词)
直接放在名词前,表示特征或状态:
a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿)
an exciting movie(令人兴奋的电影)
2. 后置定语(分词短语)
放在名词后,相当于省略的定语从句:
The girl standing there is my sister.(= who is standing there)
The book written by Mo Yan is popular.(= which was written by Mo Yan)
注意:
现在分词作定语表示主动或进行,过去分词表示被动或完成
a developing country(发展中国家)
a developed country(发达国家)
三、现在分词作状语
1. 表示时间
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.(= When he heard the news)
Walking along the street, I met an old friend.(= While I was walking)
2. 表示原因
Being ill, he didn't go to school.(= Because he was ill)
Not knowing the answer, she kept silent.(= As she didn't know)
3. 表示伴随
He sat by the window, reading a book.(= and read a book)
The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and shouting.
4. 表示结果
He fired, killing the enemy.(= and killed the enemy)
The bus was stuck in snow, causing a traffic jam.
注意:
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致
Looking out of the window, the mountains are beautiful.(错误)
Looking out of the window, I saw beautiful mountains.(正确)
四、易错点辨析
1、现在分词 vs. 动名词
现在分词:具有形容词/副词性质(作定语/状语)
The sleeping child is cute.(定语)
动名词:具有名词性质(作主语/宾语)
Sleeping is important.(主语)
2、现在分词与不定式的区别
现在分词:表示主动或进行
I saw him crossing the street.(正在过马路)
不定式:表示动作全过程或将来
I saw him cross the street.(穿过马路的全过程)
3、垂悬分词错误
Walking in the park, the flowers are beautiful.
Walking in the park, I saw beautiful flowers.
五、记忆口诀
"现在分词-ing,定语状语都能行;
前置后置作定语,主动进行要分清;
作状语,表原因,时间伴随结果明;
逻辑主语需一致,垂悬错误要当心!"
1.Mary can’t help ____the house. Why Because she is busy ____a hotel reservation.
A.to clean; making B.cleaning; making C.cleaning; to make D.to clean; to make
2.In this company a large number of people, __________ my parents, __________over 1000 yuan to help Wuhan.
A.includes; gave in B.include; gave out
C.including; gave up D.including; gave away
3.—Listen! There is someone ________ in the next door.
—Oh, that’s Ms. Yang. She ________ an English class for her students.
A.speaking; is having B.is speaking; is having C.speaking; having D.is speaking; is having
4.After I finished all my work, I came back home, __________________.
A.feeling comfortable and relaxing B.felt comfortable and relaxed
C.feeling comfortable and relaxed D.felt comfortable and relaxing
5._________ the money that Mr Brown_________,poor Mary could go back to school again.
A.In; offered B.With; offered
C.In; was offered D.With; was offered
6.Not just by ________ down and letting the sea wash over me.
A.lie B.lay C.lain D.lying
7.Look! There are some children ________ under the tree. They have fun ________ a happy song.
A.sitting; to sing B.sitting; singing C.to sit; singing D.are sitting; to sing
8.—________ was the zipper invented by
—An American ________ Whitcomb Judson.
A.Who;name B.Whose;name C.Who;named D.Whose named
9.There are some men teachers ________ basketball now.
A.play B.playing C.plays D.to play
10.Little Alice likes standing near the tank, ________ the fish inside.
A.seeing B.watching C.to see D.to watch
11.—It’s too hot today.
—So it is. Look! There ________ so many people ________ in the sea.
A.is; swim B.is; swimming C.are; swim D.are; swimming
12.Take the map, Jeff. Then you won’t have any problem _______ that small hotel.
A.on one hand B.on the hand C.finding D.found
13.Look! There are some children ________ football on the playground.
A.play B.playing C.are playing D.to play
14.—Look! There is a robot ________ noodles in that restaurant.
—How wonderful! Robots are getting smarter.
A.make B.made
C.makes D.making
15.The girl ________ a pair of glasses is my best friend Jessie.
A.wears B.wearing C.wore D.worn
16.Listen!There must be someone________at the door.
A.to knock
B.knocking
C.knock
D.knocked
17.Look! There’s a dog _______ after Kate. Let’s go and help her.
A.to run B.runs C.is running D.running
18.There are some foreign friends ________ our school.
A.visit B.visited C.will visit D.visiting
19.There are lots of man-made satellites ________ the Earth in space.
A.circling around B.circle around C.that are circled around D.circled around
20.Tell Mary that there’s someone ________ for her at the door.
A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.to wait
21.There ________ a small boy ________ in the corner, and I helped him find his mother.
A.was; crying B.is; cry C.was; cries
22.— Is Jim at home by himself?
— No. There is another boy ________ with him.
A.playing B.play C.plays D.to play
23.一Jack, remember off the lights when the home.
一OK, I won't forget, Mom.
A.turning; leaving B.to turn; leave
C.turning; left D.to turn; leaving
24.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl _____ Snowwhite.
A.calling B.calls C.called D.call
25.There is a young man ________ for Miss Li near the garden now.
A.to wait B.wait C.waited D.waiting
26.There used to ________ a lot of kids ________ in the garden, but now it becomes very quiet.
A.be; playing B.have; playing
C.be; play D.be; were playing
27.Look, there is a wallet ________ on the playground.
A.lie B.lying C.lay D.lain
28.On the way back home, the two boys walked happily,__________ .
A.singing and danced B.sang and danced
C.singing and dancing D.sang and dancing
29.Look! There are some people_________ in the sea.
A.swim B.swimming C.will swim D.are swimming
30.The next thing he saw was smoke________ from behind the house.
A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen
31.— Where did you go ________ last weekend
— I ________ on the beach with my friends.
A.camp; camp B.camping; camp C.camped; camping D.camping; camped
32.Look! There are some birds _______ in the sky. They are very beautiful.
A.to fly B.fly C.flying D.flown
33.The students are on their way home, _________ and _________.
A.laugh; talk B.laughing; talking C.laughed; talking D.are laughing; talking
34.Take it easy. There's still a little time_______.
A.left B.leave C.leaving D.will leave
35.There will be a friend ____ here to see me tomorrow.
A.come B.to come C.coming D.came
36.Do you know a girl ________ Xiaofang
A.call B.calls C.calling D.called
37.The picture ________ on the wall was painted by my grandfather.
A.hanged B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung
38.Come on, Eddie. There’s little time .
A.leave B.leaving C.left D.leaves
39.Our teacher came into the classroom, ____________ a pile of homework in his arms.
A.hold B.holds C.to hold D.holding
40.Look! There are some boys ________ on the playground.
A.play football B.are playing football
C.playing football D.plays football
41.There is a dog on the ground.
A.lie B.lied C.lay D.lying
42.In the game, we ran around the game area, ______________ and getting shot.
A.shoot B.shooting C.shot D.being shot
43.China rapidly in recent years,but our country is still a country,
A.develops;developing B.develops;developed
C.has developed;developing D.has developed;developed
44.The reserve is an important ______ area for the rare red-crowned cranes.
A.live B.alive C.living D.life
45.________ a child, she was sent to New York.
A.For B.When C.As D.Being
46.Look! There are some kites ________ in the sky.
A.fly B.to fly C.flying D.are flying
47.People ____ in the factory can have ____day off.
A.work;one more B.living;another C.are living;one more D.living;another one
48.Do you know the boy ________ under the big tree
A.lay B.lain C.lie D.lying
49.The ______ boy is my brother.
A.sleeping B.asleep C.sleeps D.slept
50.My parents wrote me a letter, _______ me to change my job.
A.tells B.is telling C.telling D.to tell
51.—What should I do to be a green man
—It is easy.For example,________ your own bags when ________.
A.take;shopping
B.taking;shopping
C.taking;you shopping
52.“With a computer ________ to the Internet, I can get all the information.” He stepped into the office, ________ .
A.connecting; smiling B.connected; smiling C.connecting; smiled D.connected; smiled
53.“Look! There is a man ___ Taiji near the river.” “Wow! It’s my teacher, Mr Wu.”
A.perform B.performs C.performing D.performed
54.There must be something ________ our farm, because we all heard strange noises.
A.visiting B.visited C.visit D.visits
55.The girl came into the classroom, ___ an English song.
A.sing B.singing C.sang D.sings
参考答案及试题解析
1.A
【解析】试题分析:句意为:---玛丽不能帮助打扫房子,为什么呢 ---因为他忙于宾馆接待。can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”, can’t help to do表示“不能帮助做某事”,be busy doing sth是习惯用法,表示“忙于做某事”,结合语境可知应选A。
考点:考查动词搭配。
2.D
【解析】句意:在这个公司,大量的人,包括我的父母,捐赠超过一千元帮助武汉。
考查介词和动词短语。根据“a large number of people”及“my parents”可知此处表达的是“包括我的父母”,现在分词作状语。give in屈服,让步;give out分发;give up放弃;give away捐赠。根据“over 1000 yuan to help Wuhan”可知此处表示“捐钱”用动词短语give away。故选D。
3.A
【解析】句意:——听!隔壁有人在说话。——哦,那是杨女士。她正在为她的学生上英语课。
考查现在进行时。speak说;have上,根据固定搭配there is sb doing sth“某人正在做某事”可知,空缺处应该用现在分词作定语,排除B和D,由“Listen”可知,应该是“她正在上英语课”,时态是现在进行时,构成:主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词,排除C,故选A。
4.C
【解析】句意:当我完成所有的工作后,我回到家,感到舒适和放松。
考查非谓语。relaxing令人放松的,修饰物;relaxed放松的的,修饰人。根据“I came back home”可知,句子已有谓语动词,此处用现在分词作伴随状语,排除选项B和D;relaxed修饰主语I,故选C。
5.B
【解析】句意:有了布朗先生提供的钱,可怜的玛丽可以再上学了。
考查with的固定用法。句意“由于布朗先生提供的钱,可怜的玛丽又能返校了。”with“因为,由于”,排除A、C;Mr Brown和offer是主动关系,不用被动,排除D。故选B。
6.D
【解析】句意:不仅是躺下来,还要让海水漫过我全身。
考查动词辨析。lie 动词原形;lay 动词过去时;lain 动词过去分词;lying 动词现在分词。by是介词后面要接动词的ing形式。lie表示躺下,现在分词是把ie变y加ing。
故选D。
7.B
【解析】句意:看,有一些孩子正在树下面坐着,他们唱着歌感到很开心。
考查动名词。There are some children后面用动名词做后置定语修饰,第一空用sitting。表示“做某事很快乐”用have fun (in) doing,此处用动名词singing。故选B。
8.C
【解析】C 句意:句意:—拉链被谁发明的?—一个叫作惠特科姆·贾德森的美国人。疑问词who谁,作句子的主语;whose谁的,作定语;过去分词named作定语表示被动关系。第一空做主语用who;第二空前American和后面的name命名是被动关系,用过去分词。故选C。
9.B
【解析】句意:现在有些男老师正在打篮球。
考查非谓语动词。play玩,根据空前的“some men teachers”和空后的“now”可知,应该是现在有些男老师正在打篮球,故选B。
10.B
【解析】句意:小Alice喜欢站在鱼缸附近看里面的鱼。
考查动词词义辨析及非谓语动词。see看,强调看的结果;watch观看,一般指仔细观察。根据句意可知,此处指仔细观看,应用watch;分析句子结构可知,此处应用现在分词形式,作伴随状语。故选B。
11.D
【解析】句意:——今天太热了。——确实如此。看!有很多人在海里游泳。
考查主谓一致及非谓语。此处是there be句型,主语是复数名词,be动词用are,排除A/B选项,此处符合there be...doing的结构,第二空用现在分词形式表示伴随,故选D。
12.C
【解析】句意:Jeff,拿着地图。然后你再找那家小宾馆方面就不会有困难。
考查非谓语动词。have problem doing sth固定搭配,表示“做某事有困难”。故选C。
13.B
【解析】句意:看!男孩子们正在操场上踢足球。
考查非谓语动词。此处是there be句型,there be+sb+doing sth有某人正在做某事,所以此处应用现在分词,故选B。
14.D
【解析】句意:——看! 那家餐馆里有个机器人在做面条。——太棒了! 机器人越来越聪明了。
考查现在分词。make制作,是动词原形;made一般过去式;makes第三人称单数形式;making现在分词形式。句型there be doing sth. 意为“有……正在做某事”,应用现在分词作定语修饰名词robot。故选D。
15.B
【解析】句意:戴眼镜的女孩是我最好的朋友杰西。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处应用现在分词形式,作后置定语。故选B。
16.B
【解析】句意:听!一定有人在敲门。本题考查“there be+主语+v.-ing形式”结构,强调某事正在发生。故答案为B。
17.D
【解析】句意:看!有只狗正在追Kate。我们去帮她吧。
考查非谓语动词。根据“Look! There’s a dog...”可知,此处是there be sb./sth. doing sth.“有某人/某物正在做某事”结构。故选D。
18.D
【解析】句意:有一些外国朋友参观我们学校。
考查固定句型,visit v.参观,拜访。there are some people doing sth.意为“有一些人在做某事”,故选D。
19.A
【解析】句意:太空中有许多人造卫星环绕地球运行。A. circling around盘旋,现在分词;B. circle around盘旋,环行,原形;C. that are circled around被环形;被用语态;D. circled around环形,一般过去时态。这里是there be+主语+doing+地点,表示有某物正在做某事。这里是现在分词做伴随状语。根据题意,故选A。
20.A
【解析】句意:告诉玛丽有人在门口等她。
考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知,someone和动词wait之间是主动关系,所以此处应用现在分词作定语修饰someone,表示正在进行或主动的动作。故选A。
21.A
【解析】句意:角落里有个小男孩在哭,我帮他找到了他妈妈。
考查一般过去时和非谓语动词。根据“helped帮助”可知,本题用一般过去时,故第一空用was。第二个空格修饰名词boy,所以用现在分词crying作后置定语,故选A。
22.A
【解析】句意:——吉姆独自在家吗?——不,还有一个男孩在和他玩。
考查动词非谓语。playing动名词或现在分词;play动词原形;plays第三人称单数形式;to play动词不定式。there is sb. doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“有某人正在做某事”,故选A。
23.D
【解析】句意:——杰克,记得离开家时关灯。——好吧,妈妈,我不会忘记的。考查动词形式辨析题。remember有两种结构:remember doing sth.记得做过某事;remember to do sth.记得做某事(还没做),根据句意语境,妈妈在提醒关灯,可知事还没做,可排除AC选项。空白处动作leave是Jack发出的,需用现在分词形式,可排除B。根据句意结构,故选D。
点睛:本题的remember,还有前面第3小题的stop,都有to do和doing两种结构:to do是指“事情还没做”,而doing是指“在做的事情”,需认真辨别。
24.C
【解析】句意:从前,有一个叫做白雪公主的漂亮的女孩。这里是过去分词做后置定语,called在这里修饰a beautiful girl,意思是被叫做……。根据题意,故选C。
25.D
【解析】句意:现在在花园附近有一个年轻人在等李小姐。
考查非谓语。根据“a young man”和“wait”可知,两者是主动关系,用现在分词形式作后置定语,因此“waiting”符合句意。故选D。
26.A
【解析】句意:过去经常有很多孩子在花园里玩,但是现在花园里很安静。
考查非谓语动词。there used to be表示“过去曾经有”,因此第一空填be;第二空填现在分词playing作后置定语修饰“kids”。故选A。
27.B
【解析】句意:看,操场上有一个钱包。
考查非谓语动词。根据“there is a wallet…on the playground”可知,There is sb./sth. doing sth.“有某人/某物正在做某事”,固定句型,此处应用lying。故选B。
28.C
【解析】句意:在回家的路上,这两个男孩走得很开心,唱啊跳啊。singing and dancing是两个并列的现在分词形式,在句中作伴随状语,与句子的主语the two boys构成主动关系。A和D选项形式不一;B选项是两个并列的过去式,是谓语动词的形式,与句中的谓语动词walked矛盾。
29.B
【解析】句意:看!那有一些人在海里游泳。
考查动词辨析。A. swim 动词原形;B. swimming 动词现在分词;C. will swim 一般将来时;D. are swimming 现在进行时。文中Look,表示当前动作正在发生,句子时态用现在进行时。所以可排除A和C选项。固定搭配there be sb/sth doing sth 表示某地有某人或某物正在做某事。 故选D。
30.B
【解析】句意:他看到的下一个东西是从房子后面升起的烟。
考查非谓语动词。rise上升,此处作后置定语,修饰名词smoke,被修饰词smoke与rise之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词作定语。故选B。
31.D
【解析】句意:——上周末你去哪里露营了?——我和朋友们在海滩上露营。
考查动词时态和非谓语动词。根据“go … ”可知,此处指go camping“露营”,固定短语,排除A和C;根据“last weekend”可知,询问上周去哪里露营,回答应用一般过去时,动词用过去式camped。故选D。
32.C
【解析】句意:看!有一些鸟在天空中飞翔。他们都很漂亮。
考查非谓语动词。fly飞;to fly是fly的动词不定式形式; flying是fly的现在分词或动名词形式;flown是fly的过去分词形式。本题选C,现在分词短语作状语。
33.B
【解析】句意:学生们在回家的路上,有说有笑。
laugh笑,动词原形;laughing现在分词;laughed过去式;are laughing现在进行时;talk谈论,动词原形;talking现在分词。此处表示学生们在回家路上伴随的状态,所以用现在分词形式,故选B。
34.A
【解析】句意:别急。还剩下点时间。根据名词time与定语leave之间表示被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,故为left,故选A。
35.C
【解析】句意:明天将会有一个朋友来这里看我。come来,动词原形;to come动词不定式形式;coming现在分词;came是come的过去式。句中已经有了谓语动词will be,这里应填非谓语动词形式。a friend 与come构成主动关系,coming表示的是将来的动作,是现在分词作后置定语,故应选C。
【点睛】现在分词作后置定语,修饰名词,和名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系,如此句中a friend是coming的逻辑主语,他们之间是主动的关系;动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词,常和名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
36.D
【解析】句意:你认识一个名为小芳的女孩吗?
考查动词现在分词,calling表示主动,自称;called表示被动,被称为。此处a girl与call Xiaofang之间是被动关系,故用called Xiaofang。故选D。
37.B
【解析】句意:挂在墙上的那幅画是我的奶奶画的。
考查现在分词作后置定语。hang意为“悬挂”。“The picture”与hang之间是被动关系,此处用hang的现在分词形式与“on the wall”一起构成后置定语。hanging 是主动形式表被动,并表示持续静止的状态。故选B。
38.C
【解析】句意:Eddie,快点。剩下的时间不多了。
考查过去分词作后置定语。A. leave离开,动词原形;B. leaving动名词;C. left过去式和过去分词;D. leaves第三人称单数。本词修饰名词time,与time是被动关系,可知是过去分词作后置定语; leave的过去分词是left,故选C。
39.D
【解析】句意:我们的老师走进教室,怀里抱着一堆作业。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,逗号后面的部分是一个伴随状语,表示老师走进教室时的状态。动词“hold”需要用现在分词形式“holding”来表示伴随动作。故选D。
40.C
【解析】句意:看!操场上有一些男孩在踢足球。
考查非谓语动词。play football踢足球,此处作后置定语,修饰名词boys,被修饰词boys与play football之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词。故选C。
41.D
【解析】句意:有一只狗躺在地上。
考查非谓语。lie撒谎,原形;lied撒谎,过去式;lay躺,原形;lying躺,现在分词或动名词。根据“There is a dog...on the ground.”可知,有一只狗躺在地上,用现在分词作后置定语,描述名词当前的状态或动作,lay的现在分词形式为lying。故选D。
42.B
【解析】句意:游戏里,我们在游戏区里跑来跑去,射击和被击中。
考查非谓语动词。and用于连接并列成分,and后的getting是现在分词,所以空格处应选现在分词,主语we和动词shoot之间是主动关系,所以空格处应选shooting,在此句中作伴随状语。故选B。
43.C
【解析】句意:最近几年中国发展迅速,但是我们的国家仍然是一个发展中国家。
develops发展,第三人称单数形式;has developed现在完成时;developing发展中的;developed发达的。根据第一句话中in recent years可知,应用现在完成时,故先排除A和B;根据常识可知,中国是发展中国家,故应选C。
44.C
【解析】句意:保护区是珍稀动物丹顶鹤的重要生活区。此题考查现在分词作定语。根据句意,应选C。
45.D
【解析】句意:还是个孩子的时候,她被送到了纽约。
考查现在分词。For为了;When当……时;As作为;Being成为。根据“a child, she was sent to New York.”可知,此处使用现在分词作状语,指在是个孩子的时候被送到了纽约,故选D。
46.C
【解析】句意:看!空中有一些风筝在飞。
考查非谓语动词。此处是there be句型,动词用现在分词作定语,修饰kites。故选C。
47.B
【解析】句意:住在工厂的人们可以再休息一天。work工作,动词原形;living居住,生活,是现在分词形式;are living现在进行时态;one more再一天;another另一个;another one用词重复,应把one去掉。第一个空是后置定语,修饰people,和people构成主动关系,应用现在分词,故排除A和C;D选项第二个空应去掉one。故应选B。
点睛:another另一个,表示不定数目中的另一个。这里的意思是再,又,放在数词前面;more也可以表示再,又,应放在数词后面。
48.D
【解析】句意:你认识躺在大树下的那个男孩吗?
考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知,boy和动词lie“躺”之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作定语,表示正在或主动的动作。故选D。
49.A
【分析】
【解析】句意:正在睡觉的男孩是我的弟弟。
考查非谓语动词。sleeping现在分词,正在睡觉的;asleep睡着的,形容词,在句中作表语;sleeps第三人称单数;slept是sleep的过去式。这里sleeping表示“正在睡觉的”,作定语,修饰boy,故选A。
50.C
【解析】句意:我的父母给我写了一封信,告诉我换工作。A. tells 告诉,第三人称单数;B. is telling正在讲述,现在进行时; C. telling告诉,现在分词;D. to tell告诉,动词不定式。这里是现在分词作伴随状语。根据题意,故选C。
51.A
【解析】句意:——作为环保者我应该做什么?——很容易。例如,购物时带着自己的购物袋。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,本句为祈使句,所以第一个空用动词原形;第二个空,when后面跟动词-ing形式,使用现在分词shopping作状语,表示“购物时”;结合选项可知A选项符合题意,故答案选A。
52.B
【解析】句意:“有了一台连接到互联网的电脑,我可以得到所有的信息。”他微笑着走进办公室。
考查非谓语动词。computer与动词connect之间是被动冠词,故第一空填过去分词;第二空作伴随状语应用现在分词,故选B。
53.C
【解析】句意:看!河边有个人在打太极拳。—哇!他是我的老师,吴老师。
考查动词用法。A. perform动词原形; B. performs一般现在时单三形;C. performing现在分词,表示动作正在进行; D. performed过去式,表示一般过去时。可根据前面提示语look看,可知是正在发生动作,用现在分词,故选C。
54.A
【解析】句意:一定有什么东西在参观我们的农场,因为我们都听到了奇怪的声音。
考查现在分词。visiting参观,现在分词;visited参观,过去式;visit参观,动词原形;visits第三人称单数。现在分词作后置定语,表示主动关系。故选A。
55.B
【解析】句意:那个女孩唱歌着英文歌进入教室。本题考查现在分词作伴随状语。分析句子可知此处填非谓语,所以A.sing动词原形、C.sang动词过去式、D.sings动词的三单形式,故错误。此处的非谓语语气逻辑主语the girl是主动关系,所以用现在分词,作用是作伴随状语,故选B。