(共11张PPT)
高中英语常考的词性变化规则及注意点回顾
形容词变副词的规则
1. 以“元音字母+e结尾的形容词”,去e加ly;
如:true--truly whole--wholly
以 “-ble/ple ”结尾的形容词,去e加y.
如:possible--possibly simple--simply
terrible-- terribly horrible --horribly
2. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,改y为i加ly.
如:easy--easily , happy--happily , noisy--noisily
3. 其它形容词直接加ly.
polite--politely, fortunate--fortunately,
immediate--immediately
形容词变副词的规则
4. 以ic结尾的词,加-ally,如:
economic-economically, academic---academically, energetic-energetically, specific---specifically
5.特殊的副词变形
good--well
形容词变副词的规则
注意:
1. 以ly结尾的形容词:
friendly, lovely, weekly, timely, lively, lonely, likely, deadly, ugly, silly
2. fast, early, straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly。例如:
He runs fast. Can you give me a fast answer
3. 有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式,但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意。
现在分词和动名词的变化规则
1. 一般情况,直接加ing going playing
2. 以不发音的e结尾,去e再加ing arrive--arriving, come--coming, make--making
3. 以重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母再加ing
run--running, swim--swimming, put--putting,
sit--sitting begin--beginning, plan--planning,
cut-- cutting, get--getting, shop--shopping,
chat--chatting, stop--stopping, regret--regretting
现在分词和动名词的变化规则
4. 以ie结尾,把ie变y加ing
tie--tying, die--dying, lie--lying
5. 其他 ski--skiing
过去式和过去分词的变化规则
1. 一般情况,直接加ed worked played
2. 以不发音的e 结尾,直接加d lived, moved, arrived
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变i加ed
study--studied try--tried copy--copied
cry--cried
以元音字母加y结尾,直接加ed stayed played
过去式和过去分词的变化规则
4. 重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加ed stopped, begged, dropped, planned, stepped
prefer--preferred, infer--inferred, refer--referred,
occur--occurred, regret--regretted, control--controlled, permit--permitted, equip--equipped
注意:offer--offered suffer--suffered
可数名词的复数变化规则
1. 一般情况加s book--books, mouth--mouths
2. 以s, sh, ch, x结尾的加 es
class--classes, box-- boxes, match--matches
注意:stomach的复数形式直接加 s
3. 以y结尾
辅音字母+ y结尾的,变y为i加es:
city--cities, country--countries, party--parties,
study--studies, enemy--enemies
元音字母+y结尾的,直接加s:
day--days, boy--boys, key--keys, toy--toys
可数名词的复数变化规则
4. 以o结尾, 少数(4个),加es
Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes
其他(一般无生命的),加s:
radios, zoos, bamboos, pianos, kilos, photos, studios
5. 以f或fe 结尾
多数,变f或fe为ves : thief, wife, wolf, leaf, knife, life, half, shelf, loaf, self
其他,加s: belief--beliefs, roof--roofs, safe--safes, gulf--gulfs
不规则的复数变化
ox--oxen, child--children, foot--feet, tooth--teeth, goose--geese, mouse--mice, man--men
注意:Germans, Americans, Russians
英语中的某些外来词,其复数变化很特殊:
phenomenon--phenomena, penny--pennies/pence, formula--formulae, bacterium--bacteria, medium--media, datum--data, crisis--crises, basis--bases, thesis--theses