2026届高考英语二轮复习：基本五大句型 课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
英语五大基本句型/简单句
英语五大基本句型
You come. 你来。
I love you. 我爱你。
I give you my heart. 我把心给你。
You make me happy. 你让我快乐。
You are my everything. 你是我的一切。
总结：英语句子有以下严格要求：1.必须有__________；2.必须有有__________；3.要能表达__________，若意思不完整则需要在主语和谓语动词后添加其他补充成分如表语/宾语/宾补。
主语
谓语
一个完整的意思
主谓
主谓+宾
主谓+间宾直宾
主谓+宾+宾补
主系+表
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
句型一Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
The girl sings beautifully. 主 谓
Detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. 主 谓
The accident happened when she was crossing the street.
常见的不及物动词
come ,arrive ,ran ,die ,appear ,matter , count ,happen ,live ,rise ,agree ,sink ,
arise ,succeed ,sigh,scream ,disagree , lie…..
短语:die out,take place,break out ,come up, turn up, grow up,settle down
Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They flies.
rose.
cooked.
eat, and drink.
laughed.
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday
is playing
have gone
句型一 Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）
句型二
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词.
基本句型（三）：S十V十P （主系表结构）
This is a good story and it sounds very interesting.
主 系 表 主 系 表
此句型中谓语动词需用系动词，表语用来说明主语的特征、状态、类属、身份等。
（一）常见的连系动词(熟练背诵)：
be 动词：am/is/are/was/were/have been/will be... （是…）+各种表语
感官系动词：look/sound/taste/smell/feel（…起来）+adj.
变化系动词：become (old/a doctor) /get(angry) /grow/go(bad) /turn(yellow) /come(true)(变得...)
保持系动词：keep/stay/remain（保持...）+adj.
表象系动词：seem/appear/look(看起来...)+adj.
终止系动词: prove, turn out
（二）充当表语的可以是：名词，形容词，介词短语，从句, 非谓语动词等
Ｓ Ｖ（是系动词） Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
句型二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
句型三
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ Ｖ（实义动词） Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laughed at understands made ate likes want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
句型三 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
句型四
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） ｏ（多指人） Ｏ（多指物）
1. She 2. She 3. She 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him us husband you her him him me a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
句型四 Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
可跟双宾语的动词有
1.choose ,call ,make ,buy ,find ,order ,leave
do ,pick ,book ….. (可改成用for)
My father bought me a new bike.
改为：My father bought a new bike for me.
2.pass ,give ,show ,lend ,send ,hand ,offer ,tell ,explain ,introduce ,sell…. (可改用to)
She passed me some milk.
改为：She passed some milk to me.
句型 五
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） Ｃ（宾补）
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
句型五 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
常见的接宾语补语的词
使役动词类 have ,let ,make ,get ,keep ,leave ,cause
其他： need ,order ,advise ,suggest ,command,
see ,watch ,observe , notice ,hear ,feel
expect ,wish , tell ,prefer ,inspire ,encourage,
permit ,intend……..
双宾语及一人一物，都与主语发生联系
如give sb sth, buy sb sth,pass sb sth 等，
I gave him a pen.
宾补是回答宾语怎么样了的句子成分，宾补动作是由宾语发出的，与主语无关。感官动词和使役动词后常接宾补.
如:
Mother asked me to buy some sugar.
We made him monitor.
I heard her singing.
★不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：
1.He got angry.
2.He got through the window.
3.You'll get a surprise.
4.He got his shoes and socks wet.
5.He got her a splendid present.
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓 + 宾
主 + 谓 + 宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
综合练习
翻译练习
1. 大雨在三分钟前停了。
2. 学英语对国外旅游是很有帮助的。
3. 她有意见白墙红砖(brick) ，带泳池的别墅(villa)。
4. 我在回家的路上给他看了两张照片。
5. 请保持教室干净整洁。
1.事故是昨天发生的。
2.我们已经在这个城市里生活了十年。
3.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
4.这棵树比以前长得高多了。
The accident happened yesderday.
We have lived in the city for ten years.
He looked worried just now.
The tree has grown much taller than before.
提升练习
5.他打算在即将到来的五一外出旅游。
6.他爸爸给他买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
7. 他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
8. 老板让他整天做那项工作。
He plans to travel in the coming May Day.
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
His father told me not to play in the street.
The boss made him do the work all day.
5.他打算在即将到来的五一外出旅游。
6.他爸爸给他买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
7. 他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
8. 老板让他整天做那项工作。
He plans to travel in the coming May Day.
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
His father told me not to play in the street.
The boss made him do the work all day.
翻译练习：
今晚没有会。
There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。
There was only a well in the village.
3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。
There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
1.I find him a reliable man.
2.Great man never die.
3.We are looking forward to you coming.
4.I don’t think that you are right.
5.I will find you a good chance.
6.The milk went sour.
7.The pen writes well.
8. The problem is that we can’t find more information.
9. don’t make the boy crying.
10. The weather continued windy.
S+V+O+C
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O
S+V+IO+O
S+V+P
S+V
S+V+P
S+V+O+C
S+V+P
7.He kept me a dictionary.
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
8.Shall I leave you the camera
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
9. We find the book very interesting.
主+谓+宾+宾补
10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.
主+谓+间接宾语+直宾
11.Singing makes me happy.
主+谓+宾+宾补
12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .
主+谓+宾+宾补
13.You must listen to her.
主+谓+宾
14.He is a scientist.
主+系+表
根据所学知识，分析句子结构
1.They work hard.
主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
6.Many animals live in trees.
主 + 谓
一、基本句型一： S十V （主谓结构）
翻译练习
1. 他从早到晚努力工作。
2. 我目前生活在北京。
3. 事故是昨天晚上发生的。
4. 自从2010年以来成都发生了很大的变化。
5. 比赛将于6月10日下午在我们学校礼堂举行。（2019全国2卷）
He works (hard) (from morning to night).
I am living (in Beijing)(now ).
The accident happened (last night).
Cheng du has changed (a lot) (since 2010).
The competition will take place (in the school hall) (on the morning of June 10).
基本句型（三）：S十V十P （主系表结构）
翻译练习
1. 我是李华，我们学校排球队的队长。
2. 我父母都是英语教师。
3.经常锻炼，平衡饮食有益健康。
4.地震期间你应保持冷静。
5.我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。（2016全国1卷）
I’m Li Hua, (a high school student from China).
My parents are both English teachers.
Doing exercise regularlyand keeping a balanced diet are good (for our health).
You should keep calm (during the earthquake).
The “Foreign culture” section (in our newspaper) is very popular (among us students).
基本句型二： S十V十O （主谓宾结构）
翻译练习
1.我们每天有八节课。
2.我想跟你一起去看足球赛。
3.昨天在商场，我们遇到了一群外国人。
4.我相信你将会在这里度过一个愉快的假期。
5.我们学校将于下周五上午在学校礼堂举行音乐节。（2019全国3卷）
We have eight classes (every day).
I want to watch the football match (with you).
We came across/met a group of foreigners (in the shopping mall)(yesterday).
I believe (that) you will have/spend a happy/pleasant holiday here.
Our school will hold Music Festival at the school hall this Friday morning.
基本句型二： S十V十O （主谓宾结构）
翻译练习
1.我们每天有八节课。
2.我想跟你一起去看足球赛。
3.昨天在商场，我们遇到了一群外国人。
4.我相信你将会在这里度过一个愉快的假期。
5.我们学校将于下周五上午在学校礼堂举行音乐节。（2019全国3卷）
We have eight classes (every day).
I want to watch the football match (with you).
We came across/met a group of foreigners (in the shopping mall)(yesterday).
I believe (that) you will have/spend a happy/pleasant holiday here.
Our school will hold Music Festival at the school hall this Friday morning.
基本句型（四）：S十V十Oi+Od （主谓+间宾+直宾）
翻译练习
1.他向我们提供了大量的食物和水。
2.他们定期给我们发来邮件。
3. 我妈妈给我做了顿大餐来庆祝我的胜利。
4.希望我能提供给你一些有用的建议。
5.你上次给我展示过一些有关这个主题的照片。（2016全国2卷）
He offered us plenty of food and water.
They send us emails (regularly).
My mom cooked me a big meal (to celebrate my victory).
I hope (that) I can offer you some helpful suggestions
You showed us some photos (about the theme).
基本句型（五）：S十V十O+Oc （主谓宾+宾补）
翻译练习
1.我们选(elect)他当班长。
2.我们必须保持我们的教室干净整洁。
3.我想让你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。
4.我听到她刚刚在教室开心地唱歌。
5.我认为写英语日记很有用。
I would like/want you to join our school’s table tennis team.
I think it useful to keep an English diary.
we elect him monitor.
we must keep ourclassroom clean and tidy.
we heard her singing happily just now.
Two boys need two pens.
His name is Tom.
The boy in blue is Tom.
The boy there needs a pen.
The boy needs a ball pen.
There is nothing to do today.
The pen bought by her is made in China.
The boy you will know is Tom.
一、 定语：
二、状语：
--The boy needs a pen now.
--The boy needs a pen very much. --In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.
--On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
--Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.
-- The boy needs a pen to do his homework.
--Even if she laughs at him, he adores her.
1.You will tell （your） friend that you’ve got to school.
2. But [as the moon gave far too much light], I didn’t
dare open a window.
3. [Another time five months ago], I happened to be
Upstairs [at dusk] (when the window was open).
4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering
Clouds held me [entirely] in their power.
主语
谓语
间宾
定语
直接宾语
原因状语
主语
谓语
宾语
时间状语
主语
谓语
宾语
时间状语
主 语
定语
谓语
宾语
宾语补语