Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1.He is not easy to get along with， but his friendship， once （gain）， will last forever.
2.Our guests are scheduled （arrive） at 7：30 in the evening.
3.We plan to apply what we will learn in class our future jobs.
4.On hearing the girl struck by a truck has been sent to hospital by ambulance， many people volunteered （donate） the same type of blood for her.
5.We’re in a stage it’s still too early to say who will win the most votes and become the new president.
6.The café offers wide variety of sandwiches in order to attract customers.
7.He was sharp me when I was late.
8.The two lawyers both gave detailed information and had an （argue） about the issue.
9.The question whether college students should do part-time jobs is still debate.
10.I heard a noise and went downstairs （investigate）.
维度二：语法与写作
翻译句子
1.我每天起得很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。（主语＋谓语＋状语）
2.今天下午我想和你谈谈。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语）
3.昨晚奶奶给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。（主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
4.这个报告听起来很有意思。（主语＋系动词＋表语）
5.你们的贡献一定会使这次活动获得巨大成功。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的句子结构。
My parents love me very much.However， 1.they like making almost all decisions for me.They choose schools and subjects for me.Sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion， 2.deciding everything for children does not help them but harms them in many ways.Firstly， 3.it will make children less confident， 4.which is useless to their development.Secondly，in many cases parents don’t care about children’s personal ideas and interests， 5.which will influence their growth greatly.As a result， 6.a lot of children are complaining！I do believe to grow to be independent is a natural way for everybody.7.Parents should give us chances to make our decisions.They may help us make choices instead of replacing us to make choices.After all，there are a lot of things for us to explore by ourselves.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Math had never been something I was good at since middle school.Classes became harder in high school， and I was even further from a math teacher’s dream student.So at the start of my freshman year， I had a dislike to math.It wasn’t that I didn’t want to do well， but simply that I didn’t think I was able to do well.“I can’t” became my state of mind in all things related （有关的） to math.
However， I was soon to learn that “I can’t” was not a choice in Mr A’s class.
Mr A always greeted （迎接） us with open arms as he said， “Welcome！ Smile！ It’s a great day to be alive！” It was clear that Mr A had a true passion （热情） not only for math but for teaching.If Mr A ever experienced bad days in life， he never showed it.Mr A greeted us with that same smile every day.He encouraged each student， from the top achiever to the “I can’t” student.
I found myself looking forward to math class， although I still hated the subject itself.Being in Mr A’s presence made me feel good， as if I had the chance to succeed.As the year progressed， I spent increasingly more time on my homework， and I met with Mr A weekly.My classmates began to do the same， and it became “cool” to have lunch and a talk with Mr A.We didn’t know it at the time， but he was changing our attitudes （态度）.
Though my story is not one of overnight success and I didn’t become a straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and my grades slowly began to climb.There were hard times， of course.Difficult math questions sometimes succeeded in bringing me down， but Mr A kept reminding me， “Kate， smile！ It’s a great day to be alive！”
1.What can we know about the author from Paragraph 1？
A.He was the math teacher’s dream student.
B.He was satisfied with his current situation.
C.He did not believe his ability to learn math well.
D.He was good at math before high school.
2.Which of the following can best describe Mr A？
A.Responsible and honest. B.Optimistic and passionate.
C.Enthusiastic and humorous. D.Creative and patient.
3.What change has the author made under Mr A’s influence？
A.He gradually improved his math grades. B.He never met any difficulties again.
C.He lived a more happier life than before. D.He fell in love with math.
4.What’s the main idea of this passage？
A.Math requires much more time to master.
B.Good schools have good teaching qualities.
C.Students should face difficulties bravely while learning.
D.A good teacher can motivate students’ interest in learning.
B
It’s time to go back to high school.Students are excited about the new beginning.But for many kids， the first day is more about friends than classes， and maybe with good reasons.On that day， the teacher takes attendance， hands out books， and describes the teaching plan.If a student hears the same things in seven classes， you can’t blame （责备） them for thinking it’s going to be another long year.When the high schoolers’ parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that the answer will be “Nothing”.
It doesn’t have to be this way.Last January， Jessica Johnson and Charlotte Jenkins， two ninth-grade physics teachers， suggested a school-wide movement called Make My Day to improve the first day of classes， and many teachers have changed their plan for the first class of a new term because of this.
One English teacher asks students to write 77 words about what they want to get out of her class.Then she reads their responses out loud.She keeps the responses until the last day of the school year when she hands them back to students so they can see if they achieved what they wanted.After encouraging kids with a year-long game， she begins the English course.
On the first day of science， a teacher gives students 30 minutes to build something to improve people’s lives.A history teacher organizes a debate on whether Swiss cheese is better than cheddar.In math class， another teacher puts students in groups of three， and gives them six minutes to come up with as many answers as possible to the question， “What is math good for？”
The new class activities are part of our school wide movement to improve the first day of classes.Many teachers choose to use creative ways to encourage kids from day one.And all students seem to enjoy the changes.Quite a few parents told me that their kids said， “I think English （or math or biology or Spanish） is going to be great！”
5.Which best describes the class on the first day of school in Paragraph 1？
A.A bit strange. B.Too boring.
C.Really wonderful. D.Quite challenging.
6.What is mentioned about Make My Day？
A.It was a city-wide movement.
B.It has been done for many years.
C.It was the idea of two PE teachers.
D.It was attended by the whole school.
7.What do the teachers in Paragraph 4 have in common？
A.All ask students to work in groups.
B.All choose to do something exciting.
C.All hold discussions on teaching plans.
D.All try to improve students’ creativity.
8.What is the author’s attitude to the movement？
A.She shows little interest in it. B.She feels surprised at it.
C.She is worried about it. D.She supports it.
C
For decades， the homework standard has been a“10-minute” rule， which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.
But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break.A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot （试点的） program for the coming school year， extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction.“We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock，” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said.“We want them to enjoy their families.We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.”
New solutions to homework differ by community.These local debates aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what’s best for kids.
The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis （分析） by Duke University professor Harris Cooper， who found evidence （证据） of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement， meaning students who did homework performed better in school.Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework influences test scores.The relationship was stronger for older students — in 7th through 12th grade — than for those in younger grades， for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.
Although there is the weak relationship between homework and performance for young children， Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students.“Second-graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night，” he said， “but they also shouldn’t be doing no homework.”
However， Cathy Vatterott， an education professor at the University Missouri-St.Louis， thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school， “Relationship is not a root，” she said. “Does homework cause achievement， or do high achievers do more homework？” Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks， and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids.
9.What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term？
A.No homework. B.Some football practice.
C.“10-minute” homework. D.More physical education classes.
10.Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis？
A.Younger students in all grades with no homework.
B.Younger students in lower grades with no homework.
C.Older students in lower grades with more homework.
D.Older students in higher grades with more homework.
11.What does the underlined word “root” in Paragraph 6 mean？
A.Career. B.Cause.
C.System. D.Requirement.
12.What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework？
A.Positive. B.Negative.
C.Unknown. D.Doubtful.
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a September day.Today was the first day of high school for a freshman， Kayla.Kayla had always been a shy kid， but she had always 13 her studies.She was determined to make full use of her high school years.
As she walked down the hallways， Kayla couldn’t help but feel 14 .The older students seemed so confident， while she felt small and unimportant. But Kayla was determined to succeed， no matter what 15 came her way.
It wasn’t long before Kayla’s determination was put to the 16 .In her first week of school， she was assigned （分派） a（n） 17 project that required a lot of research and planning.Kayla did her 18 ， but she soon realized that she was in over her head.As she struggled to complete the project， Kayla began to 19 herself.She wondered if she was cut out for high school.But then， something 20 happened.
Kayla’s classmates began to notice how 21 she was working， and they started to offer her help and 22 .They gave her advice on how to 23 her time better， and they shared their tips for 24 assignments.With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project on time and with great 25 .
From that day on， Kayla 26 that high school was not a challenge to be faced alone.With the help and support of her 27 ， she was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way.
13.A.feared B.loved
C.missed D.forgot
14.A.bored B.excited
C.worried D.interested
15.A.difficulties B.honours
C.reasons D.dangers
16.A.use B.side
C.trouble D.test
17.A.simple B.challenging
C.suitable D.amazing
18.A.part B.share
C.best D.duty
19.A.teach B.doubt
C.enjoy D.believe
20.A.great B.strange
C.confusing D.secret
21.A.fast B.bravely
C.fluently D.hard
22.A.flash B.news
C.support D.service
23.A.manage B.find
C.fill D.waste
24.A.thinking about B.getting through
C.giving up D.asking for
25.A.freedom B.creation
C.success D.trust
26.A.realized B.argued
C.stressed D.recommended
27.A.families B.customers
C.teammates D.classmates
Ⅲ.语法填空
Freshman year 28 （offer） new opportunities， classes and social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 29 （you） adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 30 （rapid） adjust to this new environment， according to Gershon， is by 31 （find） a close group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 32 was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （课程） and you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes time 33 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new people， Gershon stresses the 34 （important） of spending time with family and friends and not overscheduling （过度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 35 （student） must also decide whether they prefer to take four 36 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of work and long hours.I think it also depends 37 what you want your work-life balance to look like.”
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36.
37.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.gained 2.to arrive 3.to 4.to donate 5.where 6.a 7.with 8.argument 9.under 10.to investigate
维度二
1.Every day I get up early， walk to the small garden and sit on the bench.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.Grandma told us an interesting story last night.
4.The report sounds interesting.
5.Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
维度三
1.主语＋谓语＋宾语 2.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
3.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 4.主语＋系动词＋表语
5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 6.主语＋谓语 7.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在高中期间对数学充满恐惧和无助感，但在极富热情的数学老师的激励下，作者开始坚持努力学习数学并取得了一定的进步。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I can’t” became my state of mind in all things related （有关的） to math.可知，第一段中指出作者在数学上有着“我不能”的心态，即不相信自己有学好数学的能力。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，A先生不仅对数学很有热情，对教学也很有热情，即使面临糟糕的日子，他也总是会微笑面对。因此A先生是一个充满热情并且乐观积极的人。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I didn’t become a straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and my grades slowly began to climb可知，在A先生的影响下，作者的数学成绩慢慢得到了提升。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者在高中期间对数学充满恐惧和无助感，但在极富热情的数学老师的激励下，作者开始坚持努力学习数学并取得了一定的进步。文章强调了好的老师可以对学生的情感和学习产生积极的影响。D项（一个好老师能激励学生的学习兴趣）能概括文章主旨。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高中开学第一天，两个老师发起了一项名为Make My Day的活动，于是各科老师开始让第一节课变得有趣。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的When the high schoolers’ parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that the answer will be “Nothing”.可知，开学第一天的课应该是无聊的。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的a school-wide movement called Make My Day可知，Make My Day是全校学生都参加的活动。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中三位老师让学生做的事情可知，本段提到的老师的共同点是所有老师都选择做一些令人兴奋的事情。
8.D 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，所有的学生似乎都喜欢这些变化，家长也告诉作者，他们的孩子认为某一学科会很棒。因此推断，作者对开学第一天的活动是支持的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕学生们是否应该有家庭作业，家庭作业对学生们好不好这些问题进行了讨论。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot （试点的） program for the coming school year可知，Kelly Elementary School在新学期将没有作业。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的students who did homework performed better in school ... for older students — in 7th through 12th grade可推知，年龄大些的高年级作业多的学生表现会更好。
11.B 词义猜测题。根据第六段中的there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school可知， Cathy Vatterott认为家庭作业对小学生的帮助并不大，因此，两者之间的关系并不是根本原因。由此可知，画线词root和B项含义一致。
12.C 观点态度题。文章只是在第一段和第二段阐述了一下“10分钟”原则，但是作者并没有对它表示任何的看法。由此推知，作者对“10分钟”作业的态度是未知的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新生凯拉的高中生活。凯拉一直是一个害羞不自信的孩子，但她决心充分利用她的高中时光。在同学们的帮助下，她完成了一个很有挑战性的项目，这让凯拉意识到高中并不是一个人要面对的挑战。
13.B 根据下文She was determined to make full use of her high school years.可知，她决心充分利用她的高中时光，凯拉热爱学习。fear害怕；love热爱；miss错过；forget忘记。
14.C 根据下文The older students seemed so confident， while she felt small and unimportant.可知，凯拉对自己感到担忧。bored无聊的；excited兴奋的；worried担忧的；interested感兴趣的。
15.A 根据下文she was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way可知，凯拉决心要成功，无论遇到什么困难。difficulty困难；honour荣耀；reason理由；danger危险。
16.D 根据下文but she soon realized that she was in over her head可知，凯拉的决心受到了考验。use使用；side旁边；trouble麻烦；test考验。
17.B 根据下文that required a lot of research and planning可知，这个项目不好做，有挑战性。simple简单的；challenging挑战性的；suitable适合的；amazing令人惊叹的。
18.C 根据下文As she struggled （努力） to complete the project可知，凯拉尽最大努力去做项目。part部分；share分享；best最高标准；duty职责。
19.B 根据下文She wondered if she was cut out for high school.可知，凯拉怀疑自己是否适合上高中。teach教；doubt怀疑；enjoy享受；believe相信。
20.A 根据下文and they started to offer her help可知，同学们帮助凯拉，这是伟大的事情。great伟大的；strange奇怪的；confusing令人困惑的；secret秘密的。
21.D 根据上文As she struggled （努力） to complete the project可知，同学们发现凯拉很努力想完成项目。fast快速地；bravely勇敢地；fluently流利地；hard努力地。
22.C 根据下文With the help and support可知，同学们帮助支持凯拉。flash闪光；news新闻；support支持；service服务。
23.A 根据空后her time better可知，同学们帮助凯拉更好地管理时间。manage管理；find找到；fill填满；waste浪费。
24.B 根据下文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project可知，同学们分享给凯拉如何完成任务的技巧。think about考虑；get through完成；give up放弃；ask for要求得到。
25.C 根据上文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project on time可知，在同学们的帮助下，凯拉成功完成了项目。freedom自由；creation创造；success成功；trust信任。
26.A 根据语境可知，凯拉意识到高中不是一个人要面对的挑战。realize意识到；argue争论；stress强调；recommend推荐。
27.D 根据上文可知，同学们帮助了凯拉，即在同学们的帮助和支持下，她能够处理遇到的任何困难。family家人；customer顾客；teammate队友；classmate同学。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。高年级学生Gershon Stein向高一新生介绍了如何快速适应高一生活。
28.offers 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语Freshman year与动词offer之间是主动关系，故填offers。
29.yourself 考查代词。根据语境可知，设空处表示“让你自己适应高中生活”，故填yourself。
30.rapidly 考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰动词adjust，应用副词，故填rapidly。
31.finding 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，故填finding。
32.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Gershon，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
33.to develop 考查非谓语动词。it takes time to do sth做某事需要花费多长时间。
34.importance 考查词形转换。根据语境及空前的the可知，设空处作stresses的宾语，应用名词，表示“重要性”，故填importance。
35.students 考查名词复数。student是可数名词，因空前无冠词限定且此处表示泛指，设空处应用表示复数的名词，故填students。
36.or 考查连词。根据语境及whether可知，此处表示“学生们必须决定他们是选四门专业课还是五门专业课”，故填or。
37.on/upon 考查介词。depend on/upon取决于。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Using language
复习：基本句型
①I’m not outgoing.
②I just had my first maths class in senior high school！
③He even told us a funny story.
④I found everything in the laboratary in good order.
⑤Everyone laughed so much.
⑥I love my school.
⑦We all succeeded.
【我的发现】
匹配上面的句子与其所对应的句型结构
A.SV B.SVO C.SP D.SVOO
E.SVOC F.SVA G.SVOA
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦
一、句子的基本成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和作用，英语的句子成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语及独立成分等。
1.主语 （subject）
主语是句子叙述的主体，表明句子说的是“谁”或是“什么”。它一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式以及名词性从句等担任。
TV news often gives us lots of information.（名词短语）
电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。
Something is wrong with my computer.（代词）
我的电脑坏了。
Seven-tenths of the earth surface is covered with water.（数词）
十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。
To see is to believe.（动词不定式）
眼见为实。
Cycling and boating are my favorite free time hobbies.（动词-ing形式）
骑自行车和划船是我最喜欢的业余爱好。
That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her parents.（主语从句）
她被一所重点大学录取这件事给了她父母极大的安慰。
2.谓语（verb）
谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后，凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
He practises running every morning.（简单谓语）
他每天早晨锻炼跑步。
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai.（复合谓语）
上海发生了巨大的变化。
名师点津
系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
We are students.我们是学生。
3.表语（predicative）
表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式及短语、动词-ing形式和表语从句等充当。
My favorite tourist attraction is the Great Wall.（名词）
我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。
—Who is there？（副词）
——谁在那儿？
—It’s me.（代词）
——是我。
English is both useful and important.（形容词）
英语有用且重要。
The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.（介词短语）
紫禁城位于北京市中心。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.（动词不定式短语）
最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。
My hobby is collecting stamps.（动词-ing形式）
我的爱好是集邮。
My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.（表语从句）
我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。
4.宾语（object）
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词或介词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式或宾语从句等充当。
The children are flying kites.（名词）
孩子们正在放风筝。
Call me at any time.（代词）
随时可给我打电话。
I decide to pick up a new foreign language.（动词不定式短语）
我决定学一门新的外语。
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？（动词-ing形式）
请把词典递给我，好吗？
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.（宾语从句）
你的成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
5.宾语补足语（object complement）
有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词（短语）、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或过去分词（短语）等充当。
He has proved himself an experienced teacher.（名词短语）
他证明了自己是一名经验丰富的教师。
We have decided to paint the room pink.（形容词）
我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。
My mother always keeps everything in good order.（介词短语）
我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.（动词不定式短语）
老师叫我们不要那么吵闹。
I heard the telephone ringing.（动词-ing形式）
我听见电话铃正在响。
He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage.（过去分词短语）
他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。
6.定语（attributive）
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、分词、介词短语或从句等充当。
There is a beautiful picture in my room.（形容词）
我房间里有一幅漂亮的画。
These are apple trees.（名词）
这些是苹果树。
The men here are always busy working on the farm.（副词）
这里的男人总是忙于在农场干活。
There is nothing to do today.（动词不定式）
今天没有事要做。
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（动词-ing形式、过去分词短语）
那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
7.状语（adverbial）
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格或从句等充当。
I’m very pleased to see you.（副词）
见到你我非常高兴。
I’ll be back in a while.（介词短语）
我一会儿就回来。
When she was 12 years old， she began to live in Dalian.（状语从句）
她12岁的时候，开始在大连生活。
Having had a quarrel with his wife， he left home.（动词-ing形式作状语）
和妻子吵了一架后，他离开了家。
【即时演练1】 写出黑体部分所作的句子成分
①The teacher should encourage his students to think differently.
②Making great progress in your new school will be not so easy to you.
③The activity is both wonderful and attractive.
④You are supposed to introduce your friend to us.
⑤I’d like to advise you to communicate with your friends in English.
⑥It will give you an opportunity to achieve a long-term goal.
二、基本句型
按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫作简单句。简单句有七种基本句型：
1.主语＋谓语（S＋V）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），其后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 常见的不及物动词（短语）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 take place等。
The sun is rising.太阳正在升起。
The little boy is crying.小男孩正在哭泣。
2.主语＋谓语＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
①这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词（短语），一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等。
He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
Last weekend， our class held a speech contest.
上个周末， 我们班举行了演讲比赛。
②在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
Please wake Li Ling up （＝wake up Li Ling） at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.（×）
3.主语＋（系动词）＋表语（S＋P）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词（sound、 look、 smell、 taste、 feel）；变化系动词（become、 get、 grow、 turn、 go、 fall、 run）；持续系动词（remain、 keep、 hold、 stay）；表象系动词（seem、 appear、 look）等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
Everything looks different.
一切看起来都不同了。
Computers are useful in people’s lives.
电脑在人们的生活中有用。
The problem remains to be settled.
这个问题依然需要解决。
4.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语（S＋V＋O＋O）
这种句型结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、 sing等。
He bought me a birthday present.
＝He bought a birthday present for me.
他给我买了一个生日礼物。
I showed him my pictures.
＝I showed my pictures to him.
我给他看了我的照片。
5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
该句型结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等充当。该句型常用于三类动词：
①使役动词：keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；
②感官动词或短语：see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 hear、 feel、 smell、 look at、 listen to等；
③其他动词：ask、 tell、 order、 request、 permit、 persuade 等。
Mike told me not to go now.
迈克告诉我现在不要走。
They painted the door green.
他们把门刷成了绿色。
6.主语＋谓语＋状语（S＋V＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语。
They talked for half an hour.
他们谈了半个小时。
The time passed quickly.时光飞逝。
7.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（S＋V＋O＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语。
The boy needs a pen very much.
这男孩儿十分需要一支钢笔。
I waited for him at the school gate.
我在校门口等他。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句子所属的句型结构
①I am happy.
②He enjoys reading.
③I saw him chatting with his father.
④My father bought me a new bike.
⑤He studies hard.
⑥I visited many places of interest with my family last week.
debate n.& v.讨论，辩论
【教材原句】 Join the Debate Club！加入辩论俱乐部吧！
【用法】
（1）have a debate on/about/over sth
进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
beyond debate 无可争辩
（2）debate with sb about/on ...
就……与某人辩论
【佳句】 We are having a heated debate over the effect of the computer on children.
我们正在就电脑对孩子们的影响进行一场激烈的辩论。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①They debated with each other the environmental protection.
②It is a fact debate that the employment pressure of graduates is heavy.
【写美】 补全句子
③ whether women should spend more time staying home.
我们对女性是否应该花更多时间待在家里展开了一场激烈的辩论。
argue v.争论，争辩
【教材原句】 Argue about the week’s hottest topics with the school’s sharpest minds！
和学校里头脑最敏锐的人辩论本周最热门的话题！
【用法】
（1）argue with sb about/over sth
与某人争论某事
argue for ... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩（反对……）
argue sb into/out of doing sth
说服某人做/不做某事
（2）argument n. 争论，辩论；论据，论点
【佳句】 Though they always argue or even quarrel， they remain the best friends.
尽管他们总是争论甚至争吵，他们仍旧是最好的朋友。
【点津】 argue for还可意为“赞成”。argue for the plan赞成这个计划。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is unnecessary for you to argue Mary money.She won’t follow your advice.
②I argued his rude table manners.As a result， I went all out to argue him out of （talk） with his mouth full.
③After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without （argue）.
【写美】 补全句子
④I finally settling down in the city where I lived.
我终于说服我的好朋友在我居住的城市定居下来。
volunteer n.志愿者，义务工作者，自愿参加者 v.自愿
【教材原句】 In the UK and the US，senior high school students take part in various after-school activities，such as club activities and volunteer work.
在英国和美国，高中生参加各种课外活动，如社团活动和志愿者工作。
【用法】
（1）自愿做某事
volunteer as 自愿担任某职位
（2）voluntary adj. 志愿的；自愿的
【佳句】 I’d like to join the Volunteer Club， because there are many volunteers who I can meet， which makes me volunteer to help others.
我想加入志愿者社团，因为（在那里）我可以遇到许多志愿者，这使我自愿地去帮助别人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He often volunteers （work） in the old people’s home on weekends.
②We encourage all students to volunteer at least one community activity.
③This is the third time he has been praised for his （volunteer） work for the Red Cross.
【写美】 补全句子
④The couple often activities that help the people in trouble.
这对夫妇经常自愿参加帮助有困难的人的活动。
apply v.申请；应用；涂
【教材原句】 After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.
学生申请大学时，课外活动也起到了一定的作用。
【用法】
（1）apply （to ...） for ... （向……）申请……
apply oneself to ... 致力于……，专心于……
apply ...to ... 把……应用/涂抹于……
apply to do sth 申请做某事
（2）application n. 应用；申请（书）
application form 申请表
（3）applicant n. 申请人
【佳句】 Mr Liu is a very respectable teacher， who often encourages me to apply myself to my studies.刘老师是一位非常值得尊敬的老师，他经常鼓励我专心学习。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Our government has been applying itself to （protect） the environment.
②I am writing to apply you the position which was advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
【写美】 补全句子
③Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month， I am writing .
得知画廊下个月将举办一场中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。
schedule n.计划表，进度表，日程表 v.安排，预定
【教材原句】 However，they can take up a lot of time，so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules.
然而，它们会占用很多时间，所以学生们必须学会安排他们繁忙的日程表。
【用法】
（1）ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 晚于预定时间；晚点
on schedule 按时；按时间表
（2）be scheduled for sth/to do sth
预定某事；安排做某事
as scheduled 按计划
【佳句】 Then a talk concerning Chinese and New Zealand culture is scheduled to deepen mutual understanding.
随后，还将举行一场关于中国和新西兰文化的讲座，以加深相互了解。
【联想】 表示“提前”的短语还有in advance， ahead of time等。
The building was completed three months ahead of time.
这幢大楼提前三个月完工了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To complete the new bridge ahead schedule is a big challenge to the workers.
②The sports meeting is scheduled （hold） next Saturday.
③We may finish the task schedule on the assumption that we can speed up by adding more people.
【写美】 补全句子
④The meeting wasn’t held because the manager’s car broke down on the way to the company.
因为经理的车在去公司的路上抛锚了，所以会议没有按计划举行。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
①－⑦ CGDEFBA
即时演练1
①谓语 ②主语 ③表语 ④直接宾语 ⑤宾语补足语 ⑥间接宾语
即时演练2
①S＋P ②S＋V＋O ③S＋V＋O＋C ④S＋V＋O＋O
⑤S＋V＋A ⑥S＋V＋O＋A
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①about/on ②beyond ③We had a heated debate on/about/over
2.①with； about/over ②against； talking ③argument
④argued my good friend into
3.①to work ②for ③voluntary
④volunteer to take part in
4.①protecting ②to； for ③to apply to become a volunteer
5.①of ②to be held ③on ④as scheduled
9 / 9(共108张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：基本句型
①I’m not outgoing.
②I just had my first maths class in senior high school！
③He even told us a funny story.
④I found everything in the laboratary in good order.
⑤Everyone laughed so much.
⑥I love my school.
⑦We all succeeded.
【我的发现】
匹配上面的句子与其所对应的句型结构
A. SV B. SVO
C. SP D. SVOO
E. SVOC F. SVA
G. SVOA
答案：①－⑦ CGDEFBA
一、句子的基本成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和
作用，英语的句子成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状
语、宾语补足语、同位语及独立成分等。
1. 主语 （subject）
主语是句子叙述的主体，表明句子说的是“谁”或是“什么”。它
一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定
式、动词-ing形式以及名词性从句等担任。
TV news often gives us lots of information.（名词短语）
电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。
Something is wrong with my computer.（代词）
我的电脑坏了。
Seven-tenths of the earth surface is covered with water.（数词）
十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。
To see is to believe.（动词不定式）
眼见为实。
Cycling and boating are my favorite free time hobbies.（动词-
ing形式）
骑自行车和划船是我最喜欢的业余爱好。
That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her
parents.（主语从句）
她被一所重点大学录取这件事给了她父母极大的安慰。
2. 谓语（verb）
谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什
么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后，凡是由一个
动词或动词短语构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，
都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
He practises running every morning.（简单谓语）
他每天早晨锻炼跑步。
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai.（复合谓语）
上海发生了巨大的变化。
名师点津
系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
We are students.我们是学生。
3. 表语（predicative）
表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、
代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式及短语、动词
-ing形式和表语从句等充当。
My favorite tourist attraction is the Great Wall.（名词）
我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。
—Who is there？（副词）
——谁在那儿？
—It’s me.（代词）
——是我。
English is both useful and important.（形容词）
英语有用且重要。
The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.（介词短语）
紫禁城位于北京市中心。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.（动词不
定式短语）
最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。
My hobby is collecting stamps.（动词-ing形式）
我的爱好是集邮。
My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.
（表语从句）
我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。
4. 宾语（object）
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种
联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词或介词的后面。宾语一般由名
词、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式或宾语
从句等充当。
The children are flying kites.（名词）
孩子们正在放风筝。
Call me at any time.（代词）
随时可给我打电话。
I decide to pick up a new foreign language.（动词不定式短语）
我决定学一门新的外语。
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？（动词-ing形式）
请把词典递给我，好吗？
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do
it.（宾语从句）
你的成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
5. 宾语补足语（object complement）
有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语
来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放
在宾语之后，一般由名词（短语）、形容词、副词、介词短语、动
词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式（短语）或过去分词（短语）等
充当。
He has proved himself an experienced teacher.（名词短语）
他证明了自己是一名经验丰富的教师。
We have decided to paint the room pink.（形容词）
我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。
My mother always keeps everything in good order.（介词短语）
我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.（动词不定式
短语）
老师叫我们不要那么吵闹。
I heard the telephone ringing.（动词-ing形式）
我听见电话铃正在响。
He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at
the orphanage.（过去分词短语）
他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。
6. 定语（attributive）
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代
词、数词、副词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、分词、介词短语或
从句等充当。
There is a beautiful picture in my room.（形容词）
我房间里有一幅漂亮的画。
These are apple trees.（名词）
这些是苹果树。
The men here are always busy working on the farm.（副词）
这里的男人总是忙于在农场干活。
There is nothing to do today.（动词不定式）
今天没有事要做。
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（动词-ing形
式、过去分词短语）
那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
7. 状语（adverbial）
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、形容
词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格或从句等充当。
I’m very pleased to see you.（副词）
见到你我非常高兴。
I’ll be back in a while.（介词短语）
我一会儿就回来。
When she was 12 years old， she began to live in Dalian.（状
语从句）
她12岁的时候，开始在大连生活。
Having had a quarrel with his wife， he left home.（动词-ing形式作
状语）
和妻子吵了一架后，他离开了家。
【即时演练1】 写出蓝体部分所作的句子成分
①The teacher should encourage his students to think differently.
②Making great progress in your new school will be not so easy to you.
③The activity is both wonderful and attractive.
④You are supposed to introduce your friend to us.
⑤I’d like to advise you to communicate with your friends in English.
⑥It will give you an opportunity to achieve a long-term goal.
谓语
主语
表语
直接宾语
宾语补足语
间接
宾语
二、基本句型
按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个
主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫作简单句。
简单句有七种基本句型：
1. 主语＋谓语（S＋V）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），其后不能直接
接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状
态。 常见的不及物动词（短语）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、
go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 take place等。
The sun is rising.
太阳正在升起。
The little boy is crying.
小男孩正在哭泣。
2. 主语＋谓语＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
①这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词（短语），一般有被
动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing
形式或从句等。
He is watching TV.
他正在看电视。
Last weekend， our class held a speech contest.
上个周末， 我们班举行了演讲比赛。
②在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在
“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；
作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
Please wake Li Ling up （＝wake up Li Ling） at 6：30 in the
morning.（√）
Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.（×）
3. 主语＋（系动词）＋表语（S＋P）
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时
态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词（sound、 look、
smell、 taste、 feel）；变化系动词（become、 get、 grow、 turn、
go、 fall、 run）；持续系动词（remain、 keep、 hold、 stay）；表
象系动词（seem、 appear、 look）等。表语由名词、形容词、介词
短语、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
Everything looks different.
一切看起来都不同了。
Computers are useful in people’s lives.
电脑在人们的生活中有用。
The problem remains to be settled.
这个问题依然需要解决。
4. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语（S＋V＋O＋O）
这种句型结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾
语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在
后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for
或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give、 tell、 teach、
write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order
等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy、 fetch、 save、
choose、 sing等。
He bought me a birthday present.
＝He bought a birthday present for me.
他给我买了一个生日礼物。
I showed him my pictures.
＝I showed my pictures to him.
我给他看了我的照片。
5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
该句型结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语
或非谓语动词等充当。该句型常用于三类动词：
①使役动词：keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；
②感官动词或短语：see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、
catch、 hear、 feel、 smell、 look at、 listen to等；
③其他动词：ask、 tell、 order、 request、 permit、 persuade 等。
Mike told me not to go now.
迈克告诉我现在不要走。
They painted the door green.
他们把门刷成了绿色。
6. 主语＋谓语＋状语（S＋V＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作
状语，修饰或说明谓语。
They talked for half an hour.
他们谈了半个小时。
The time passed quickly.
时光飞逝。
7. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（S＋V＋O＋A）
该句型结构中的谓语通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状
语，修饰或说明谓语。
The boy needs a pen very much.
这男孩儿十分需要一支钢笔。
I waited for him at the school gate.
我在校门口等他。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句子所属的句型结构
①I am happy.
②He enjoys reading.
③I saw him chatting with his father.
④My father bought me a new bike.
⑤He studies hard.
⑥I visited many places of interest with my family last week.
S＋P
S＋V＋O
S＋V＋O＋C
S＋V＋O＋O
S＋V＋A
S＋V＋O＋A
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
debate n.& v.讨论，辩论
【教材原句】 Join the Debate Club！加入辩论俱乐部吧！
【用法】
（1）have a debate on/about/over sth 进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
beyond debate 无可争辩
（2）debate with sb about/on ... 就……与某人辩论
【佳句】 We are having a heated debate over the effect of the computer
on children.
我们正在就电脑对孩子们的影响进行一场激烈的辩论。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①They debated with each other the environmental
protection.
②It is a fact debate that the employment pressure of graduates is
heavy.
about/on
beyond
【写美】 补全句子
③ whether women should
spend more time staying home.
我们对女性是否应该花更多时间待在家里展开了一场激烈的辩论。
We had a heated debate on/about/over
argue v.争论，争辩
【教材原句】 Argue about the week’s hottest topics with the
school’s sharpest minds！
和学校里头脑最敏锐的人辩论本周最热门的话题！
【用法】
（1）argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事
argue for ... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩（反对……）
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
（2）argument n. 争论，辩论；论据，论点
【佳句】 Though they always argue or even quarrel， they remain the
best friends.尽管他们总是争论甚至争吵，他们仍旧是最好的朋友。
【点津】 argue for还可意为“赞成”。argue for the plan赞成这
个计划。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is unnecessary for you to argue Mary
money.She won’t follow your advice.
②I argued his rude table manners.As a result， I went all out
to argue him out of （talk） with his mouth full.
③After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement
without （argue）.
with
about/over
against
talking
argument
【写美】 补全句子
④I finally settling down in the city where
I lived.
我终于说服我的好朋友在我居住的城市定居下来。
argued my good friend into
volunteer n.志愿者，义务工作者，自愿参加者 v.自愿
【教材原句】 In the UK and the US，senior high school students take
part in various after-school activities，such as club activities and
volunteer work.
在英国和美国，高中生参加各种课外活动，如社团活动和志愿者
工作。
（1）自愿做某事
volunteer as 自愿担任某职位
（2）voluntary adj. 志愿的；自愿的
【用法】
【佳句】 I’d like to join the Volunteer Club， because there are many
volunteers who I can meet， which makes me volunteer to help others.
我想加入志愿者社团，因为（在那里）我可以遇到许多志愿者，这使
我自愿地去帮助别人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He often volunteers （work） in the old people’s home
on weekends.
②We encourage all students to volunteer at least one community
activity.
③This is the third time he has been praised for his
（volunteer） work for the Red Cross.
to work
for
voluntary
【写美】 补全句子
④The couple often activities that help the
people in trouble.
这对夫妇经常自愿参加帮助有困难的人的活动。
volunteer to take part in
apply v.申请；应用；涂
【教材原句】 After-school activities also play a part when students
apply to college.
学生申请大学时，课外活动也起到了一定的作用。
（1）apply （to ...） for ... （向……）申请……
apply oneself to ... 致力于……，专心于……
apply ...to ... 把……应用/涂抹于……
apply to do sth 申请做某事
（2）application n. 应用；申请（书）
application form 申请表
（3）applicant n. 申请人
【用法】
【佳句】 Mr Liu is a very respectable teacher， who often encourages
me to apply myself to my studies.
刘老师是一位非常值得尊敬的老师，他经常鼓励我专心学习。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Our government has been applying itself to （protect）
the environment.
②I am writing to apply you the position which was
advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
protecting
to
for
【写美】 补全句子
③Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next
month， I am writing .
得知画廊下个月将举办一场中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志
愿者。
to apply to become a volunteer
schedule n.计划表，进度表，日程表 v.安排，预定
【教材原句】 However，they can take up a lot of time，so students
have to learn to organise their busy schedules.然而，它们会占用很多时
间，所以学生们必须学会安排他们繁忙的日程表。
【用法】
（1）ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 晚于预定时间；晚点
on schedule 按时；按时间表
（2）be scheduled for sth/to do sth 预定某事；安排做某事
as scheduled 按计划
【佳句】 Then a talk concerning Chinese and New Zealand culture is
scheduled to deepen mutual understanding.随后，还将举行一场关于中
国和新西兰文化的讲座，以加深相互了解。
【联想】 表示“提前”的短语还有in advance， ahead of time等。
The building was completed three months ahead of time.这幢大楼提前三
个月完工了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To complete the new bridge ahead schedule is a big challenge to
the workers.
②The sports meeting is scheduled （hold） next
Saturday.
③We may finish the task schedule on the assumption that we can
speed up by adding more people.
of
to be held
on
【写美】 补全句子
④The meeting wasn’t held because the manager’s
car broke down on the way to the company.
因为经理的车在去公司的路上抛锚了，所以会议没有按计划举行。
as scheduled
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1. He is not easy to get along with， but his friendship， once
（gain）， will last forever.
2. Our guests are scheduled （arrive） at 7：30 in the
evening.
3. We plan to apply what we will learn in class our future jobs.
gained
to arrive
to
4. On hearing the girl struck by a truck has been sent to hospital by
ambulance， many people volunteered （donate） the
same type of blood for her.
5. We’re in a stage it’s still too early to say who will win
the most votes and become the new president.
6. The café offers wide variety of sandwiches in order to attract
customers.
7. He was sharp me when I was late.
to donate
where
a
with
8. The two lawyers both gave detailed information and had
an （argue） about the issue.
9. The question whether college students should do part-time jobs is
still debate.
10. I heard a noise and went downstairs
（investigate）.
argument
under
to investigate
维度二：语法与写作
翻译句子
1. 我每天起得很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。（主语＋谓语＋
状语）
2. 今天下午我想和你谈谈。（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语）
Every day I get up early， walk to the small garden and sit on the
bench.
I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3. 昨晚奶奶给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。（主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋
直接宾语）
4. 这个报告听起来很有意思。（主语＋系动词＋表语）
5. 你们的贡献一定会使这次活动获得巨大成功。（主语＋谓语＋宾语
＋宾语补足语）
Grandma told us an interesting story last night.
The report sounds interesting.
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的句子结构。
My parents love me very much.However， 1.they like making
almost all decisions for me.They choose schools and subjects for
me.Sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In
my opinion， 2.deciding everything for children does not help them but
harms them in many ways.Firstly， 3.it will make children less
confident， 4.which is useless to their development.Secondly，in many
cases parents don’t care about children’s personal ideas and interests，
5.which will influence their growth greatly.
As a result， 6.a lot of children are complaining！I do believe to grow to
be independent is a natural way for everybody.7.Parents should give us
chances to make our decisions.They may help us make choices instead of
replacing us to make choices.After all，there are a lot of things for us to
explore by ourselves.
答案：1.主语＋谓语＋宾语 2.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 3.主语＋
谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 4.主语＋系动词＋表语 5.主语＋谓语＋
宾语＋状语 6.主语＋谓语 7.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Math had never been something I was good at since middle
school.Classes became harder in high school， and I was even further
from a math teacher’s dream student.So at the start of my freshman
year， I had a dislike to math.It wasn’t that I didn’t want to do well，
but simply that I didn’t think I was able to do well.“I can’t” became
my state of mind in all things related （有关的） to math.
However， I was soon to learn that “I can’t” was not a choice in
Mr A’s class.
Mr A always greeted （迎接） us with open arms as he said，
“Welcome！ Smile！ It’s a great day to be alive！” It was clear that
Mr A had a true passion （热情） not only for math but for teaching.If Mr
A ever experienced bad days in life， he never showed it.Mr A greeted us
with that same smile every day.He encouraged each student， from the
top achiever to the “I can’t” student.
I found myself looking forward to math class， although I still hated
the subject itself.Being in Mr A’s presence made me feel good， as if I
had the chance to succeed.As the year progressed， I spent increasingly
more time on my homework， and I met with Mr A weekly.My
classmates began to do the same， and it became “cool” to have lunch
and a talk with Mr A. We didn’t know it at the time， but he was
changing our attitudes （态度）.
Though my story is not one of overnight success and I didn’t
become a straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and
my grades slowly began to climb.There were hard times， of
course.Difficult math questions sometimes succeeded in bringing me
down， but Mr A kept reminding me， “Kate， smile！ It’s a great
day to be alive！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在高中期间对数学充满恐惧和
无助感，但在极富热情的数学老师的激励下，作者开始坚持努力学
习数学并取得了一定的进步。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在高中期间对数学充满恐惧和
无助感，但在极富热情的数学老师的激励下，作者开始坚持努力学
习数学并取得了一定的进步。
1. What can we know about the author from Paragraph 1？
A. He was the math teacher’s dream student.
B. He was satisfied with his current situation.
C. He did not believe his ability to learn math well.
D. He was good at math before high school.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I can’t” became my
state of mind in all things related （有关的） to math.可知，第一段
中指出作者在数学上有着“我不能”的心态，即不相信自己有学好
数学的能力。
2. Which of the following can best describe Mr A？
A. Responsible and honest.
B. Optimistic and passionate.
C. Enthusiastic and humorous.
D. Creative and patient.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，A先生不仅对数学
很有热情，对教学也很有热情，即使面临糟糕的日子，他也总是会
微笑面对。因此A先生是一个充满热情并且乐观积极的人。
3. What change has the author made under Mr A’s influence？
A. He gradually improved his math grades.
B. He never met any difficulties again.
C. He lived a more happier life than before.
D. He fell in love with math.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I didn’t become a
straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and my
grades slowly began to climb可知，在A先生的影响下，作者的数学
成绩慢慢得到了提升。
4. What’s the main idea of this passage？
A. Math requires much more time to master.
B. Good schools have good teaching qualities.
C. Students should face difficulties bravely while learning.
D. A good teacher can motivate students’ interest in learning.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者在高中期
间对数学充满恐惧和无助感，但在极富热情的数学老师的激励下，
作者开始坚持努力学习数学并取得了一定的进步。文章强调了好的
老师可以对学生的情感和学习产生积极的影响。D项（一个好老师
能激励学生的学习兴趣）能概括文章主旨。
B
It’s time to go back to high school.Students are excited about the
new beginning.But for many kids， the first day is more about friends
than classes， and maybe with good reasons.On that day， the teacher
takes attendance， hands out books， and describes the teaching plan.If a
student hears the same things in seven classes， you can’t blame （责
备） them for thinking it’s going to be another long year.When the high
schoolers’ parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that
the answer will be “Nothing”.
It doesn’t have to be this way.Last January， Jessica Johnson and
Charlotte Jenkins， two ninth-grade physics teachers， suggested a
school-wide movement called Make My Day to improve the first day of
classes， and many teachers have changed their plan for the first class of a
new term because of this.
One English teacher asks students to write 77 words about what they
want to get out of her class.Then she reads their responses out loud.She
keeps the responses until the last day of the school year when she hands
them back to students so they can see if they achieved what they
wanted.After encouraging kids with a year-long game， she begins the
English course.
On the first day of science， a teacher gives students 30 minutes to
build something to improve people’s lives.A history teacher organizes a
debate on whether Swiss cheese is better than cheddar.In math class，
another teacher puts students in groups of three， and gives them six
minutes to come up with as many answers as possible to the question，
“What is math good for？”
The new class activities are part of our school wide movement to
improve the first day of classes.Many teachers choose to use creative ways
to encourage kids from day one.And all students seem to enjoy the
changes.Quite a few parents told me that their kids said， “I think
English （or math or biology or Spanish） is going to be great！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高中开学第一天，
两个老师发起了一项名为Make My Day的活动，于是各科老师开始
让第一节课变得有趣。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高中开学第一天，
两个老师发起了一项名为Make My Day的活动，于是各科老师开始
让第一节课变得有趣。
5. Which best describes the class on the first day of school in
Paragraph 1？
A. A bit strange. B. Too boring.
C. Really wonderful. D. Quite challenging.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的When the high schoolers’
parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that the answer
will be “Nothing”.可知，开学第一天的课应该是无聊的。
6. What is mentioned about Make My Day？
A. It was a city-wide movement.
B. It has been done for many years.
C. It was the idea of two PE teachers.
D. It was attended by the whole school.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的a school-wide
movement called Make My Day可知，Make My Day是全校学
生都参加的活动。
7. What do the teachers in Paragraph 4 have in common？
A. All ask students to work in groups.
B. All choose to do something exciting.
C. All hold discussions on teaching plans.
D. All try to improve students’ creativity.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中三位老师让学生做的事情可
知，本段提到的老师的共同点是所有老师都选择做一些令人兴奋的
事情。
8. What is the author’s attitude to the movement？
A. She shows little interest in it.
B. She feels surprised at it.
C. She is worried about it.
D. She supports it.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，所有的学生
似乎都喜欢这些变化，家长也告诉作者，他们的孩子认为某一学科
会很棒。因此推断，作者对开学第一天的活动是支持的。
C
For decades， the homework standard has been a“10-minute”
rule， which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per
grade level.
But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a
break.A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework
pilot （试点的） program for the coming school year， extending the
school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction.“We really
want kids to go home at 4 o’clock，” Kelly Elementary School
Principal Jackie Glasheen said.“We want them to enjoy their
families.We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.”
New solutions to homework differ by community.These local debates
aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree
about what’s best for kids.
The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an
analysis （分析） by Duke University professor Harris Cooper， who
found evidence （证据） of a positive relationship between homework
and student achievement， meaning students who did homework
performed better in school.Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework
influences test scores.The relationship was stronger for older students —
in 7th through 12th grade — than for those in younger grades， for whom
there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.
Although there is the weak relationship between homework and
performance for young children， Cooper argues that a small amount of
homework is useful for all students.“Second-graders should not be doing
two hours of homework each night，” he said， “but they also
shouldn’t be doing no homework.”
However， Cathy Vatterott， an education professor at the University
Missouri-St.Louis， thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is
helpful for students in elementary school， “Relationship is not a
root，” she said. “Does homework cause achievement， or do high
achievers do more homework？” Vatterott thinks there should be more
stress on improving the quality of homework tasks， and she supports
efforts to ban homework for younger kids.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕学生们是否应该有家
庭作业，家庭作业对学生们好不好这些问题进行了讨论。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕学生们是否应该有家
庭作业，家庭作业对学生们好不好这些问题进行了讨论。
9. What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term？
A. No homework.
B. Some football practice.
C. “10-minute” homework.
D. More physical education classes.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的A Massachusetts
elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot （试点的）
program for the coming school year可知，Kelly Elementary School在
新学期将没有作业。
10. Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis？
A. Younger students in all grades with no homework.
B. Younger students in lower grades with no homework.
C. Older students in lower grades with more homework.
D. Older students in higher grades with more homework.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的students who did
homework performed better in school ... for older students — in 7th
through 12th grade可推知，年龄大些的高年级作业多的学生表现
会更好。
11. What does the underlined word “root” in Paragraph 6 mean？
A. Career. B. Cause.
C. System. D. Requirement.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第六段中的there is not enough
evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school可
知， Cathy Vatterott认为家庭作业对小学生的帮助并不大，因此，
两者之间的关系并不是根本原因。由此可知，画线词root和B项含
义一致。
12. What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework？
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Unknown. D. Doubtful.
解析： 观点态度题。文章只是在第一段和第二段阐述了一下
“10分钟”原则，但是作者并没有对它表示任何的看法。由此推
知，作者对“10分钟”作业的态度是未知的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a September day.Today was the first day of high school for a
freshman， Kayla.Kayla had always been a shy kid， but she had
always 13 her studies.She was determined to make full use of her
high school years.
As she walked down the hallways， Kayla couldn’t help but
feel 14 .The older students seemed so confident， while she felt small
and unimportant. But Kayla was determined to succeed， no matter
what 15 came her way.
It wasn’t long before Kayla’s determination was put to
the 16 .In her first week of school， she was assigned （分派） a
（n） 17 project that required a lot of research and planning.Kayla
did her 18 ， but she soon realized that she was in over her head.As
she struggled to complete the project， Kayla began to 19
herself.She wondered if she was cut out for high school.But then，
something 20 happened.
Kayla’s classmates began to notice how 21 she was working，
and they started to offer her help and 22 .They gave her advice on
how to 23 her time better， and they shared their tips for 24
assignments.With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project on
time and with great 25 .
From that day on， Kayla 26 that high school was not a
challenge to be faced alone.With the help and support of her 27 ， she
was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新生凯拉的高中生活。
凯拉一直是一个害羞不自信的孩子，但她决心充分利用她的高中时
光。在同学们的帮助下，她完成了一个很有挑战性的项目，这让凯
拉意识到高中并不是一个人要面对的挑战。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新生凯拉的高中生活。
凯拉一直是一个害羞不自信的孩子，但她决心充分利用她的高中时
光。在同学们的帮助下，她完成了一个很有挑战性的项目，这让凯
拉意识到高中并不是一个人要面对的挑战。
13. A. feared B. loved
C. missed D. forgot
解析： 根据下文She was determined to make full use of her high
school years.可知，她决心充分利用她的高中时光，凯拉热爱学
习。fear害怕；love热爱；miss错过；forget忘记。
14. A. bored B. excited
C. worried D. interested
解析： 根据下文The older students seemed so confident， while
she felt small and unimportant.可知，凯拉对自己感到担忧。bored
无聊的；excited兴奋的；worried担忧的；interested感兴趣的。
15. A. difficulties B. honours
C. reasons D. dangers
解析： 根据下文she was able to deal with any difficulty that came
her way可知，凯拉决心要成功，无论遇到什么困难。difficulty困
难；honour荣耀；reason理由；danger危险。
16. A. use B. side C. trouble D. test
解析： 根据下文but she soon realized that she was in over her
head可知，凯拉的决心受到了考验。use使用；side旁边；trouble
麻烦；test考验。
17. A. simple B. challenging
C. suitable D. amazing
解析： 根据下文that required a lot of research and planning可
知，这个项目不好做，有挑战性。simple简单的；challenging挑战
性的；suitable适合的；amazing令人惊叹的。
18. A. part B. share C. best D. duty
解析： 根据下文As she struggled （努力） to complete the
project可知，凯拉尽最大努力去做项目。part部分；share分享；
best最高标准；duty职责。
19. A. teach B. doubt
C. enjoy D. believe
解析： 根据下文She wondered if she was cut out for high school.
可知，凯拉怀疑自己是否适合上高中。teach教；doubt怀疑；
enjoy享受；believe相信。
20. A. great B. strange
C. confusing D. secret
解析： 根据下文and they started to offer her help可知，同学们
帮助凯拉，这是伟大的事情。great伟大的；strange奇怪的；
confusing令人困惑的；secret秘密的。
21. A. fast B. bravely
C. fluently D. hard
解析： 根据上文As she struggled （努力） to complete the
project可知，同学们发现凯拉很努力想完成项目。fast快速地；
bravely勇敢地；fluently流利地；hard努力地。
22. A. flash B. news
C. support D. service
解析： 根据下文With the help and support可知，同学们帮助支
持凯拉。flash闪光；news新闻；support支持；service服务。
23. A. manage B. find C. fill D. waste
解析： 根据空后her time better可知，同学们帮助凯拉更好地
管理时间。manage管理；find找到；fill填满；waste浪费。
24. A. thinking about B. getting through
C. giving up D. asking for
解析： 根据下文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the
project可知，同学们分享给凯拉如何完成任务的技巧。think about
考虑；get through完成；give up放弃；ask for要求得到。
25. A. freedom B. creation
C. success D. trust
解析： 根据上文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the
project on time可知，在同学们的帮助下，凯拉成功完成了项目。
freedom自由；creation创造；success成功；trust信任。
26. A. realized B. argued
C. stressed D. recommended
解析： 根据语境可知，凯拉意识到高中不是一个人要面对的
挑战。realize意识到；argue争论；stress强调；recommend推荐。
27. A. families B. customers
C. teammates D. classmates
解析： 根据上文可知，同学们帮助了凯拉，即在同学们的帮
助和支持下，她能够处理遇到的任何困难。family家人；customer
顾客；teammate队友；classmate同学。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Freshman year 28 （offer） new opportunities， classes and
social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle
school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 29 （you）
adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 30 （rapid） adjust to this new
environment， according to Gershon， is by 31 （find） a close
group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 32
was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet
people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （课程） and
you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes
time 33 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that
you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might
take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new
people， Gershon stresses the 34 （important） of spending time
with family and friends and not overscheduling （过度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 35 （student） must also decide
whether they prefer to take four 36 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I
think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of
work and long hours.I think it also depends 37 what you want your
work-life balance to look like.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。高年级学生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介绍了如何快速适应高一生活。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。高年级学生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介绍了如何快速适应高一生活。
28. offers 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处描述客观事实，用一
般现在时；主语Freshman year与动词offer之间是主动关系，故填
offers。
29. yourself 考查代词。根据语境可知，设空处表示“让你自己适应
高中生活”，故填yourself。
30. rapidly 考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰动词adjust，应用副
词，故填rapidly。
31. finding 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，故填finding。
32. who 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词Gershon，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
33. to develop 考查非谓语动词。it takes time to do sth做某事需要
花费多长时间。
34. importance 考查词形转换。根据语境及空前的the可知，设空
处作stresses的宾语，应用名词，表示“重要性”，故填
importance。
35. students 考查名词复数。student是可数名词，因空前无冠词
限定且此处表示泛指，设空处应用表示复数的名词，故填
students。
36. or 考查连词。根据语境及whether可知，此处表示“学生们
必须决定他们是选四门专业课还是五门专业课”，故填or。
37. on/upon 考查介词。depend on/upon取决于。
谢谢观看！
