Unit4 Friends Forever Using Language 课件（共32张）-外研版（2019）必修第一册

(共32张PPT)
Unit4 Friends forever
---Attributive clauses
(Using language)
1.Who is he
He is Yuan Longping.
2.What is his profeesion
He is a scientist.
1930-2021
He is a great scientist.
1.Can you use some words to describe him
He is a world-famous scientist.
He is an outstanding scientist.
He is a Chinese scientist.
He is a respectable scientist.
What are these
定语
汉语中的定语
男孩
聪明的男孩 戴着帽子的男孩 那个正在吃冰激凌的男孩
形容词作定语
短语作定语
句子作定语
定语的位置：汉语中的定语都放在名词的前面
标志词：“的”
英语中的定语
boy
smart boy the boy with a hat the boy who is eating icecream
形容词作定语
短语作定语
句子作定语
定语的位置：短前长后
句子作定语，修饰名词或代词,叫定语从句。
Bianca is a teacher who teaches us English.
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that
where, when, why
先行词
关系词
定语从句
定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+从句的其它部分
The man who/that is holding rice crops in his hand is Yuan Longping.
先行词：
关系代词:
who/that在从句中作
主语
the man
who/that
The man is holding rice crops in his hand
先行词：scientist
关系代词: who/that
who/that在从句中作
主语
Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist who/that can play violin.
The scientist can play violin.
Yuan Longping has a cat which/that has been accompanying him for 10 years.
先行词：cat
关系代词: which/that
which/that在从句中作
主语
The cat has been accompanying him for 10 years.
空后是谓语动词(be动词，情态动词，have/has done,助动词do，动词)缺主语
The man whom we see in the picture is YuanLongping.
先行词：the man
关系代词: whom
whom在从句中作
宾语
we see the man in the picture
空后的谓语动词与先行词有动宾关系，作宾语
Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist whose life goal is to help all people stay away from hunger.
定语
先行词：scientist
关系代词: whose
whose在从句中作
Yuan Longping has a cat whose name is Huahua.
先行词：cat
关系代词: whose
whose在从句中作
定语
空后的名词与先行词有所属关系，填whose
These are the trees ____________ we planted last year.
先
行
词
是
人
who
whom
whose
that
which
先行词是物
These are the students __________ won the first place last year.
引导定语从句的关系代词
who / that
which / that
空后是谓语动词(be动词，情态动词，have/has done,助动词do,动词)缺主语
空后的谓语动词与先行词有动宾关系，缺宾语
1.The man who/that came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which/that) you bought yesterday.
( )
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份
定语从句做题方法
一、分析句子结构(判断主句与从句)
先确定句子中是否有两个句子成分，一个是主句，一个是定语从句。
二、找先行词并确定先行词的特点
先行词是人还是物
三、分析从句成分
确定定语从句中所缺的成分是主语、宾语、定语还是状语等.
指人： 缺主语可填who/ that.
缺宾语可填who/ that/whom(只做宾语）.空前有介词只填whom.
指物：一般情况下可填which/ that.空前有介词只填which.
即学活用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mathew said success belongs to those _____ never give up and have ideas.
②(2023·全国乙卷) The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a
woman _______hair color looked just perfect.
③(2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place___________
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
④I got in touch with Michael _______________ I have been losing contact with for one
year.
⑤我真的很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。
I’d really like to find a friend __________________________________.
who
whose
that/which
whom/that/who
who/whom/that I can trust completely
三、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况
1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
*Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself 你有什么要为自己说的吗
2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
*This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是已经用过的抗污染的最好的办法。
*This train is the first that will go to Suzhou.
这是去苏州的第一趟火车。
3.当先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is(to)give you some money.
我们唯一能做的事情就是给你一些钱。
4.先行词中既有人又有物时。
*Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗
5.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。
*Which is the bike that you lost
哪辆是你丢的自行车
* Who is the boy that won the gold medal
赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁
6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
*Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
四、关系代词不用that的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句(人: who; 物: which)。
*Football,which is an interesting game, is popular around the world.
足球是一项有趣的运动,在世界范围内都很受欢迎。
2.当关系词前面有介词时(人: whom; 物: which)。
*This is the house in which Mr Wu once lived.
这是吴先生曾住过的房子。
*One writer in whom I had taken an interest was O.Henry.
一位令我产生兴趣的作家是欧·亨利。
3.用who不用that的情况。
当先行词(指人)为anybody, anyone, nobody等不定代词时。
*Is there anyone in our class who is good at singing
我们班里有没有擅长唱歌的
1. This is the hotel __________ I stayed at when I was travelling here.
2. He is a man from ________ we are all ready to learn.
3.It is the most amazing building ______ Daming has seen ever since he came here.
4. She is one of the girls ________ have passed the exam.
5. They planted some trees __________ didn't need much water.
6. She would do anything _______ could help her mother recover from the disease.
7. I talked with the man _________ house was destroyed in the flood.
8. Anyone ______ has helped to rescue the drowning girl is worth praising.
9. The boy and the dog ________ are in the picture look very lovely.
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
that/which
whom
that
who/that
which/that
that
whose
who
that
即学活用 单句语法填空
①Friends usually get together and talk about the things and persons _____ they are
interested in.
②He is the only one of the students _________ knows the truth.
③Water is really crucial to us human beings, without _______ we couldn’t live.
④The last place _____ we visited was Chaoshan Custom Museum.
⑤(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, ______
was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
that
who/that
which
that
which
五、as引导的非限制性定语从句
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,常指代整个主句或主句的部分内容。
2.as的位置灵活。
3.引导非限制性定语从句时,as常译为“正如”,表示依据、评论、态度等。
如:as we know = as is known to all;
as we all can see; as is often the case;
as might be expected; as you can imagine;
as has been said before/mentioned
*Science,as you know, plays an important part.
=As you know, science plays an important part.
=Science plays an important part, as you know.
众所周知,科学起着重要作用。
when
1. I still remember the day when I first came to Guiping.
2. You’ve entered into an age when knowledge makes you rich.
当先行词是表示_____的名词(如 time, day, year, month, week等), 且从句缺少状语时，定语从句用when引导。
关系副词 when 在定语从句中充当_________。
关系副词的选择
时间
时间状语
1. This is the town where Li Hua was born.
2. Keep thebooks in a place where you can find them easily.
当先行词是表示_____的名词(如place, room, airport等)，且从句缺少状语时，定语从句用where引导.
关系副词 where 在定语从句中充当________。
where
地点
关系副词的选择
地点状语
1. They have reached the point ______ they have to break up with each other.
2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themseves differently.
除地点名词后，where 还可用于case, condition, example, situation, stage, point, system, atmosphere, position等表示抽象地点的名词前。
where
where
1. He didn’t tell me the reason why he was late yesterday.
2. This is the reason why he gave up trying in the end.
当先行词是表示原因的名词_______，且从句缺状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限定性定语从句。
关系副词 why 在定语从句中充当________。
why
reason
关系副词的选择
原因状语
先行词 关系副词 所做成分
表时间的名词 when 时间状语
表地点/抽象地点的名词 where 地点状语
表原因的名词(reason) why 原因状语
Summary
关系副词与关系代词的区分
作状语时，用关系副词when/where/why引导；
作主语或宾语时，用关系代词which或that引导。
This is the reason ______I didn’t come.
The reason ___________ she gave was not true.
why
which/that
Exercise
1. I still remember the time ______ we first met each other.
2. I still remeber the time __________we spent together.
when
which/that
3. This is the place ___________ we visited last time.
4. This is the place _________ he used to work.
which/that
where
5. I won’t believe the reason ___________ you have given me.
6. This is the reason _______ she cried.
that/which
why
做题方法——如何选择关系词：
1. 定位先行词及紧随其后的定从；
2. 判断定从所缺成分
缺主宾定—关系代词 （先行词：人/物？）
缺状语—关系副词 （先行词：时间/地点/原因 ）
如何划分定语从句的范围
1.He is the student who has been studying hard for many years.
2.The children that had worked hard in childhood had a richer and happier future.
定语从句从关系词开始到标点符号结束
定语从句从关系词开始到第二个动词之前结束
Xingyi was a little village was unknown. People ________ lived in the village led a poor life. People lived on weaving or farming in this area _________ life was peaceful but boring.
A villager __ we met described his hometown to us. There were only 4 streets ___ length only reached 200 meters in all. He said he would never want to go back to the days when they lived depending on God. That’s the reason ___ young people left their hometown. He would never forget the time_________he spent with his old good friends in the little town.
which
who
where
whom
whose
why
that
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which,who,whom or whose.
课本练习
P41