选必一 U1 People of Achievement 单词详解课件

(共67张PPT)
U1 People of Achievement
卓有成就的人物
physiology
/ f zi l d i/
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
physi ologist / f zi l d st/ n. 生理学家
physio logical / f zi l d k( )l/ adj.生理学的
n. 生理学；生理机能 [U]
artemisinin
/ ɑ t mi s n n/
n. [药] 青蒿素 [U]
黄花蒿
疟疾是一种由疟原虫引起的蚊媒传染病，主要通过受感染的雌性按蚊叮咬传播。
典型“寒战-高热-出汗”循环
头痛、肌肉酸痛、疲劳，严重时
可导致贫血、肝脾肿大、脑疟
（昏迷）甚至死亡。
青蒿素联合疗法（ACTs）——目前最有效的治疗方法（屠呦呦的贡献）。
malaria
/m le ri /
n. 疟疾 [U]
crucial
/ kru ( )l/
1） be crucial to / for 对…至关重要
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.
2）it is crucial + that从句 [(should)+V.] ……极为重要
It is crucial that we get this right.
我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
3）play a crucial role/ part in … 在…中起至关重要的作用
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
4) at the crucial moment 在关键时刻；在紧要关头
5) crucially adv. 至关重要地
adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
vital
/ va tl/
adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
1） be vital to / for 对…至关重要
Winning this contract is vital to the success of the company.
2）it is vital + that从句 [(should)+V.] ……极为重要
It is vital that we get this right.
我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
3）play a vital role/ part in … 在…中起至关重要的作用
Parents play a vital role in preparing their child for school.
4) a vital personality 充满活力的个性
5) vitally adv. 极其；紧要地；生死攸关地
① As we all know, water is vital to/for keeping everything alive, without ________ the world would be a dead place.
② ________ is vital that you (should) keep accurate records when you are self - employed.
③The conservation of tropical forests is ____vital importance.
which　
It　
of
Exercises
commit
/k m t/
commit-committed-committed
1) commit yourself to sth./to doing sth. 承诺；保证......
People committed themselves to working on Sundays.
2) commit a crime 犯罪
3) commit suicide 自杀
4) committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
They are committed socialists.他们是坚定的社会主义者。
be committed to sth./doing sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事
5) commitment n. 承诺；许诺；保证 [C/U]
make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事
vt. 承诺；保证
vi. 忠于；全心全意投入
① Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves _______taking out a loan.
②Both sides committed themselves ____________ (settle) dispute peacefully.
③Tom is a ____________ (commit) member of our football team.
④A man who committed a mistake and doesn't correct it is ______________(commit) another mistake.
Exercises
to
to settling
committed
committing
过而不改，是谓过矣
academy
/ k d mi/
n. 研究院; 学会; 专科院校 [C]
英国国家学术院
Chinese Academy of Sciences
academic
/ k dem k/
adj. 学业的；学术的
n. 高等院校教师；高校科研人员 [C]
academic year 学年
A group of academics say they can predict house prices through a computer program.
一批学者声称，他们可以通过一种电脑程序预测房价。
academically adv. 学业地；学术地
You have to do well academically to get into a medical school.
objective
/ b d ekt v/
1) objective = goal; aim; purpose; target
teaching objectives 教学目标
achieve an objective 达成一个目标
2) an objective analysis 客观的分析
a subjective analysis 主观的分析
3) objectively adv. 客观地
4) object to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
Many local people object to the building of the new airport.
n. 目标；目的[C]
adj. 客观的
botanical
/b t n k( )l/
adj. 植物学的
traditional botanical treatments
传统植物疗法
botany / b t ni/ n.植物学
botanist / b t n st/n. 植物学家
evaluate
/ v ljue t/
vt. 评价；评估
= assess / ses/
Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
evaluation n. 评价；评估 [C/U]
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
property
/ pr p ti/
n. 性质[C]; 特征[C]; 财产[U]
1) Let’s compare the physical properties of the two metals.
物理特性
2) Be careful not to damage other people’s property.
3) proper adj. adj. 合适的; 恰当的
distinct
/d st kt/
adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的；确实的；确切的
1) His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.
他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。
2) be distinct from 与......截然不同；有区别
The two kinds of music are distinct from each other.
3) Being tall gave Tony a distinct advantage.
个子高给了托尼一个明显的优势。
4) distinction n. 区别 [C]= difference
distinctions between traditional and modern societies
1) extract from sweet wormwood 青蒿提取物
2) extract from sth. 摘自......
The following extract is taken from her new novel.
下面一段摘自她的新小说
3) extract sth. (from ...) ：(从......里) 提取；提炼；摘录
to extract essential oils from plants 从植物中提取香精油
extract
/ ekstr kt/
/ k str kt/
n. 提取物[U/C]；摘录 [C]
vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；拔出
wormwood
/ w mw d/
n. 蒿；洋艾 [U]
1) The water was bubbling and boiling away.
水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸腾着。
2) Bring the soup to the boil. 把汤煮开。
3) boiling point 沸点
boiling hot = very hot 炽热的；很热的
boil
/b l/
vt.& vi.(使) 沸腾；煮开；烧开
n. 沸腾；沸点
gas [ɡ s]: n. 气体; 汽油
solid [ s l d]：n. 固体
Wash in warm water with liquid detergent.
用液体清洁剂在温水中清洗。
liquid
n. 液体 [U]
adj. 液体的；液态的
/ l kw d/
1) to obtain advice/information/ permission
获得忠告/信息/许可
2) These conditions no longer obtain (=apply). 这些条件不再适用。
obtain
vt. (经过努力)获得；赢得
vi. (规章；习俗等) 存在；流行
/ b te n/
acknowledge
/ k n l d /
1) = admit
acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事
be acknowledged...as...被承认......是......≈ be acknowledged to be
He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world.
He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.
普遍认为，他是世界最佳球员。
2) I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。
vt. 承认(属实；权威等)；
(公开) 感谢
1) Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 屠呦呦不会承认失败。
2) a narrow defeat 惜败；a heavy defeat 惨败
3) = beat
beat/defeat sb/单位 at ...: 在某方面打败某人/单位
He defeated them at football.
defeat
n. 失败；挫败 [C/U]
vt.击败；战胜
/d fi t/
analyse/ze
/ n la z/
1) She analyzed the medical texts again. 她再次分析了医学文本
2) analysis / n l s s/ n. 分析 [C]
vt.分析
apparently
/ p r ntli/
= obviously, clearly
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出结论，将苦艾煮沸显然会破坏其药用特性。
apparent: adj. 显而易见的; 明白易懂的; 表面上的
adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
substance
/ s bst ns/
1) Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她通过降低温度提取，发现了一种有效的物质。
2) It was malicious gossip, completely without substance.
这是恶意造谣，完全没有事实根据。
n.物质；物品 [C]；
事实根据 [U]
insist
/ n s st/
1) insist on sth. 坚决要求......
We insisted on a refund of the full amount. 我们坚持要求全额退款。
2) insist on doing sth. 执意继续做......
They insist on playing their music late at night.
已是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。
3) insist that sb (should) do…坚持要求/主张
He insists that she (should) come.
4) insist (that)... 坚持认为
He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚持说他是无辜的。
vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求
He insisted that he ___ (do) nothing wrong and ____________ (set) free.
did
(should) be set
Exercises
1) I insist on your _______ (take) immediate action to put this right.
2) I insisted that a doctor _______________ (send) for immediately.
3) Jane insisted that she _________ (do) nothing wrong.
4) He insisted that he ___ (do) nothing wrong and ____________ (set) free.
taking
(should) be sent
had done
did
(should) be set
scientific
/ sa n t f k/
scientific research 科学研究
adj. 科学 (上) 的；关于科学的
science
科学
scientist
科学家
scientific
科学的
scientifically
系统地；
合乎科学地
mostly
/ m stli/
= mainly; chiefly
Passages like this mostly contain facts.
像这样的文章大多包含事实。
adv.主要地；一般地
wear and tear
/te (r)/
wear--wore--worn
tear--tore--torn
Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear (承受磨损) to prove how valuable it is.
科学家们需要评估这种新材料的耐磨性，以证明它的价值。
(正常使用造成的) 磨损；损耗
conclusion
/k n klu n/
1) 得出......结论
come to
draw
reach
get to
arrive at　
2) in conclusion 最后；总之
3) conclude v. 断定，推断出; 完成；达成
conclude that 得出结论……
conclude ...from ... 从……中推断……
conclude ...with/by ... 以……结束……
to conclude 总而言之；最后
n. 结论；推论 [C]
a conclusion that...
Exercises
1) It can be _________ (conclude) that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables, ” given that they’re profitable.
2) When the group discussions is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it ______ an important point.
3) After a careful investigation, we drew a conclusion ______ their decision was wrong.
4) _______ conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
concluded
with
In
penicillin
/ pen s l n/
n. 青霉素；盘尼西林
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicilin.
flee (fled, fled)
/fli /
Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power.
后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离希特勒掌权的德国。
迅速离开；逃跑
circumstance
/ s k mst ns/
1) under/in no circumstances 无论如何都不……(位于句首时句子要部分倒装)
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
2) under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样
3) under/in any circumstance(s) 在任何情况下
Students should stick to their dreams under any circumstances.
n. [pl.] 条件；环境；状况
novel
/ n v( )l/
n. (长篇) 小说 [C]
novel
n. (长篇)小说
adj. 新颖的
novelist
n. 小说家
fiction
(短篇)小说
a novel feature
flow
/fl /
1) She watched the flow of cars and buses along the street.
她注视着街道上川流不息的小车和巴士。
2) A stream flowed gently down into the valley.
一条小溪缓缓地流进山谷。
n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 [U]
vi. 流；流动
chart
/t ɑ t/
1) a flow chart 流程图
2) One doctor has charted a dramatic rise in local childhood asthma since the road was built.
一位医生用图表记录的方式，说明道路建成后当地儿童哮喘发病率急剧上升。
n. 图表 [C]
vt.记录；制定计划
found
/fa nd/
1) be founded in 建立于……
2) be founded on/upon 建立在……基础上;(建筑物) 建立在……上
3) founder n. 创始人; 创建者; 缔造者
4) foundation n. 地基; 基础; 根据
lay a (film/solid) foundation for...为……打下(坚实的)基础
Adam Smith is considered one of the _________ (found) of classical economics.
Tsinghua University, ________(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding individuals.
vt.创建；建立；把......建立在
founders
founded
infer
/ n f (r)/
infer--inferred--inferred--inferring
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
vt. 推断；推定
politician
/ p l t ( )n/
n. 从政者；政治家；政客 [C]
political [p l t kl]：adj. 政治的; 党派的
politics [ p l t ks]：n. 政治
numerous
/ nju m r s/
In a mall, there are numerous departments selling different kinds of goods.
number [ n mb ]：n. 数字; 数目
a number of (+ 复数名): 许多
A number of students ______ (be) from America.
the number of (+ 复数名): ......的数字; ......的数目
The number of girls in our class ______ (be) 20.
adj. 众多的；许多的
are
is
theory
/ θ ri/
put the theory into practice : 将理论付诸/用于实践
in theory: 理论上；按理说
In theory, these machines should last for ten years.
n. 理论；学说 [C/U]
relativity
/ rel t v ti/
The Theory of Relativity: 《相对论》
relative adj. 相对的；有关系的；成比例的
n. 亲戚；相关物
relate vt. 叙述；使…有联系
be related to 与…有关
It is thought to be related to food consumption.
它被认为与食物消费有关。
n. 相对论；相对性
formula
/ f mj l /
E= mc2
This is a famous formula.
n. 公式；方程式；配方
genius
/ d i ni s/
Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
have a genius for sth./doing sth 有（做）某事的才能
He had a genius for making people feel at home.
他有一种能使人感到轻松自在的本领。
n. (geniuses) 天才[C]；天资；天赋[U]
gentle
/ d ent( )l/
This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.
gently: adv. 温柔地; 温和地; 文静地
She gently crooned a lullaby.
她轻声哼唱了一支摇篮曲。
adj. 温柔的；文静的
patent
/ pe t( )nt/ / p t( )nt/
1) apply for a patent on/for 申请......的专利权
get/obtain a patent on/for 获得......的专利权
They have got a patent for their research result.
2) a patent application 专利申请
a patent medicine 专利药
n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利
adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的
passion
/ p ( )n/
1) have a passion for 热爱; 酷爱
2) passionate / p n t/ adj.热诚的;狂热的
be passionate about 对……充满热情
In addition to their interest in computers, they shared a passion _____music.
That will help show you know the field you are __________ (passion) about.
n. 酷爱[C]；激情[U]
for
passionate
doctorate
/ d kt r t/
= doctor’s degree
He continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
master’s degree 硕士学位
bachelor’s degree 学士学位
n. 博士学位 [C]
extraordinary
/ k str d( )n( )ri /
That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle(奇迹) year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers.
outstanding, exceptional, remarkable
adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
gradually
/ ɡr d u li/
Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.
此后，他逐渐闻名全球，被誉为新一代的艾萨克·牛顿。
gradual: adj. 逐渐的; 逐步的; 不陡的
step by step 逐渐地
adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
photoelectric
/ f t lektr k/
In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
1922年，他因对光电效应的阐释被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。
adj. 光电的
come to power
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年局势骤变，希特勒在德国掌权。
be in power: 执政
(开始) 掌权；上台
institute
/ nst tju t/
1) a research institute 研究所
2) institution 社会公共机构；制度；习俗 [C]
institute：具体、专业、中小型机构（尤其是教育/科技领域）。
institution：广义机构或抽象社会机制（如金融、习俗、 大型系统）。
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)（麻省理工学院）→ 具体实体
Higher education institutions（高等教育机构）→ 泛指类别
注：部分场景下二者可互换，但含义侧重点不同，需根据语境判断。
n. (教育、专业等) 机构；机构建筑 [C]
consequence
/ k ns kw ns/
as a consequence＝as a result＝in consequence 因此；结果
As a consequence, he had to flee Germany.　　
as a consequence of＝as a result of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故
be of no/great consequence 无关紧要/非常重要
consequently adv.结果；因此
Grandfather had sustained a broken back while working in the mines. Consequently, he spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair.
爷爷在矿上做工时受了背伤，结果，他在轮椅上度过了他的余生。
n. 后果；结果
take up a position
He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
最后，他在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员。
担任；任职
moustache
mustache
/m stɑ /
/ m st /
n. 上唇的胡子；髭（zī）[C]
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
full beard
peculiarity
/p kju li r ti/
= personality 个性+character 特点; 怪异的性质
1) Despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbors.
2) peculiar adj. 不寻常的；古怪的
Mr. Kennet has a rather peculiar sense of humour.
肯尼特先生有一种相当不寻常的幽默感。
peculiar to 特有的；特殊的
a species of bird peculiar to Asia 亚洲独有的鸟类
n. 个性；特点 [C]
encounter
/ n ka nt (r)/
vt. 偶然碰到；遇到
n. 邂逅；遭遇 [C]
1) = come across; run into; meet with
Did you encounter anyone in the building
你在那栋大楼里偶然遇到什么人了吗？
2) an encounter with sb/sth
The author tells of a remarkable encounter with a group of South Vietnamese soldiers.
作者讲述了他与一群南越士兵的惊人邂逅。
professor
/pr fes (r)/
n. 教授 [C]
profession n. 职业
professional adj. 职业的，专业的
mourn
/m n/
vt. & vi. 哀悼；忧伤
1) Joan still mourns her father.
琼还在哀悼她的父亲。
2) mournful adj. 非常伤心的，悲痛的，悲伤的
She looked mournful, even near to tears.
她看上去很悲伤，几乎要掉泪了。
remarkable
/r mɑ k b( )l/
adj. 非凡的；显著的
Einstein has remarkable achievements.
爱因斯坦有着非凡的成就。
device
/d va s/
n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
[C]
electrical devices 电气设备
rhetorical devices 修辞方法
sum
/s m/
1) in sum: 总之; 总而言之= to sum up
In sum, we should protect our planet.
2) a large sum of money/cash: 一大笔钱/现金
3) sum up: 总结; 概括
Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.
用你的笔记来写你的介绍和总结你对这个人的感觉。
vi. 总结；概括
n. 金额；款项；总数；总和
draft
/drɑ ft/
n. 草稿；草案 [C]
vt. 起草；草拟
1) Use the checklist to help you review your partner’s draft.
请使用这份清单协助审阅你搭档的初稿。
2) draft a bill 起草法案