08板块一专题二微专题二巧破干扰项4种命题套路，规避七选五 3大易错陷阱PPT课件-2026版高考英语二轮专题复习与策略

(共54张PPT)
第一部分 复习讲义
板块一 阅读
微专题二　巧破干扰项4种命题
套路，规避七选五 3大易错陷阱
专题二　阅读七选五
一、七选五干扰项4种命题套路
有的七选五干扰项与文章“貌合神离”，即从句式来看符合行文句式特点，但语义与上下文不连贯，解题时要注意避免错选。
套路一
貌合神离式
【典例】(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect． 38 Yet，by learning to live with imperfection，you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper．Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration，not as a complete highway．
C．The second draft of the essay should be better．
D．First of all，learn the technique of nonstop writing．
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time．
F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise．
√
解题分析：上文：下一个技巧是快速写出你的草稿，不要担心是否完美。下文：然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将不会头痛，也不会把稿纸都揉成一团扔进废纸篓。C项为语义貌合神离式干扰项，从上文看， C项“这篇文章的第二稿应该更好”能够承接上文，语义连贯，但是下文中的“Yet”提示空处与下文内容在逻辑上为转折关系，C项与下文逻辑关系不符，即：承上不启下。
命题人为了增加干扰项的迷惑性，有时会在干扰项中使用上下文语境中的原词，但选项句义与段落主旨相差甚远，考生在做题时不能仅依靠原词复现来确定答案。
套路二
反主旨信息复现式
【典例】(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
Your personal circumstances are equally important．For example，you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough． 40 You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal．
A．This can affect your work．
B．So how should you motivate yourself
C．However，this should not discourage you．
D．So why should we try to set specific goals
√
解题分析：上文：你可能想成为一名飞行员，但因为你的视力不够好而无法成为一名飞行员。下文：你应该重新评估你的目标，激励自己设定一个新的目标。B项中虽有下文中的原词“motivate yourself”，但结合上下文语境可知，前后应为转折关系，B项中的“So”提示的是因果关系，与语境不符。
有一部分干扰项的话题与段落主旨一致，但讲的范围和上下文语境不一致，面对此类干扰项，考生可从选项出发，先明确选项的范围，再与文章对应。
套路三
扩缩话题范围式
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The place wasn’t entirely authentic，though．Unlike a normal Parisian apartment the plumbing(水管)worked． 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said “Ouverture des portes，” in perfect French．That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it．
A．Not all the customers are tourists．
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent．
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed．
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers．
√
解题分析：上文：与普通的巴黎公寓不同，这里的管道(水管)正常工作。下文：我们的大楼甚至有一部小电梯。B项和C项都是在讲作者在巴黎租房的生活，B项讲的是整体评价，属大范围，C项讲的是具体细节，属小范围，前后句描述的是租房的具体条件和感受，属小范围。
模棱两可式干扰项在语义和逻辑上和文段相符，但偏离了段落主旨，模棱两可式干扰项的迷惑性极强，需要考生充分把控文章脉络和段落主旨。
套路四
模棱两可式
【典例】(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)
You and your partner will probably have different skills． 40 Over time，both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit．The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other．
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward．
E．How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other．
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information．
√
解题分析：上文：你和你的伙伴可能有不同的技能。下文：随着时间的推移，你们双方都会受益，你们的关系的核心是你们总是会互相帮助。A项放入语境后在语义和逻辑上没有明显的违和感，但A项的核心在于初识印象，本段的主旨在于你和你的伙伴不同，能合作互助。
二、七选五3大易错陷阱
1．考生往往看到词汇复现就选答案，而忽视了设空处也有可能是考查句子间的逻辑。
2．只有真正理解文章的主旨大意，弄清楚前后句子的确切含义，然后才能根据意义的连贯性从七个选项中选出正确答案。
不能只看同词复现，要结合前后句逻辑
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
38．The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy．French strawberries do not...flavor bombs．
39 On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries．I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon．My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten．But they cost $18!
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers．
E．That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do．
F．Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians．
G．The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy．
√
解题分析：上一段讲述巴黎的食物非常美味，人们吃一点就很满足。空后讲作者和丈夫发现巴黎的食物很贵，暗含上一段所述情况不是法国人吃得少的唯一原因。考生往往看到原词出现“the food”而误选D或G。
1．句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。
2．考生不能只看设空位置，一定要跳出段落看逻辑关系来游刃有余地解题。
不能只看设空位置，要跳出段落看逻辑
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
·Get creative．The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else．Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots．That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from． 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places．
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it．
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting．
√
解题分析：根据本段主题句“Get creative．”和“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from．”可知，本段建议人们要有创意，还有很多旅行目的地可选择。故E项符合语境。且E项中的“undiscovered places”与本段中的“less-visited options”和“lesser-known sights”相呼应。
考生答题时，不能只看上下句，要结合段落扣主题；一定要准确地理解文章脉络， 把握语篇整体内容和基本结构， 厘清上下文的逻辑和语义衔接关系， 使补全的短文逻辑通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
不能只看上下句，要结合段落扣主题
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸)．Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place． 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there．
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places．
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it．
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting．
√
解题分析：根据空白处前“参观别人称之为家的地方是一种荣幸。首先，尽自己的一份力量来保护当地的旅游特色”可知，本段建议人们保护旅行地的特色。 G项“考虑回馈你正在参观的社区”呼应了空前的“Do your part”，且G项中的“the communities”与空后的“there”相呼应。
针对性训练20　突破七选五的语意衔接
Passage 1
Public transportation is not fully used across the globe，even if good transport systems are in place． 1 There are three primary reasons listed below，which all can be solved by good urban planning．
2 For example，in Barcelona，30% of daily trips are carried out by public transport．In contrast，in Atlanta，this figure drops to 4%．Since Barcelona is 30 times denser (更密集的) than Atlanta，it is easier to provide reliable public transport services．
Accessibility is another key factor in public transportation usage．In a comparison of three international cities，though one of them has the highest population density，its public transport use is less than the other two cities． 3 .
Walkability is also a major component that matters．Studies show that well-maintained and safe streets encourage people to use public transportation． 4 By contrast，narrow or poorly-maintained sidewalks，and fewer trees make streets less walkable．It is in these types of urban environments that people are significantly less likely to use public transport，even if it is only 100 meters away from their homes．
Nowadays，city planners have attached great importance to the construction of more public transportation infrastructure (基础设施)． 5 .
And it can promote good urban mobility (移动性) at the same time．However，urban planners should also understand that factors related to the urban fabric also impact if and how public transport is used．So efforts should also be devoted to improving public environments to encourage the use of public transport，which will result in healthier cities and communities．
A．Why is this the case
B．The trend causes cities to become more and more advanced．
C．This emphasis aims to reduce the reliance on private vehicles．
D．People in big cities need to get out of their cars and use public transportation．
E．A city’s density directly impacts how public transport services are provided．
F．In such urban environments，people are likelier to go further to access public transport．
G．It’s due to its very wide streets，large street blocks and buildings set far from the street edges．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三个影响城市公共交通使用率的因素，即城市密度、公共交通的可获得性以及步行的便利程度。
1．A　[此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，下文与其存在解释关系。选项A中的“the case”指代上一句提到的“城市公共交通未能得到充分使用”这一现象；下文进一步解释造成这种现象的原因。故选A。]
2．E　[此空设于段首，是本段主旨句。通读本段可知，本段旨在介绍城市密度是造成城市公共交通未能充分使用的一个重要原因。故选E。]
3．G　[此空设于段尾，与上文存在因果关系。在一些人口密度大的城市，公共交通的使用率反而低于人口密度小的城市，这是因为其有非常宽阔的街道、大型街区和远离街道边缘的建筑。故选G。]
4．F　[此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，与下文存在转折关系。选项F中的“such urban environments”指代上一句中的“well-maintained and safe streets”；在维护良好、安全的城市环境中，人们更愿意走更远的路去乘坐公共交通，但是在狭窄或维护不善的城市环境中情况是相反的。]
5．C　[此空设于段中，与下文是并列关系。本句和下一句分别介绍了建设更多的公共交通基础设施可以带来的好处，即减少对私家车的依赖和促进城市的移动性。]
Passage 2
How does a weather balloon work The object is filled with gases like hydrogen or helium lifting the balloon to the desired height．The radiosonde (无线电探空仪) is connected to the balloon’s bottom． 1 Normally，it’s a large open area．
Once the balloon is set free and starts rising into the air，the radiosonde starts sending weather data back to the base station，which meteorologists (气象学家) can start to analyze．As the balloon rises to a certain height，the air inside it starts expanding． 2 .
The weather balloon can reach the height of 100，000 feet within an hour after being launched．Reaching this height allows it to record high-altitude weather data that most other devices cannot access． 3 That’s because there’s so little pressure in the air at this height that the air inside the balloon expands to such a point that the balloon cannot stand it anymore．After exploding，the balloon with the radiosonde starts falling to the ground．
4 The instrument can be reconditioned and used again，which will lead to a huge saving in cost，especially if you take into consideration that a weather balloon is launched twice a day from many weather stations in America alone．
Unfortunately，only 25% of all radiosondes are recovered and returned to be reconditioned． 5 It lasts for a total of about 2 hours after being launched．However，it should be considered that the onboard instruments start sending back precious data from the moment the balloon is launched until it reaches a height of 100，000 feet an hour later．
A．People can search the radiosonde．
B．That is the life cycle of a weather balloon．
C．It’s important to try to preserve the radiosonde．
D．This device can send weather information to the earth．
E．However，the balloon unavoidably explodes before long．
F．The balloon is then set free from an appropriate launch site．
G．And the balloon grows larger and larger as it rises into thinner air．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。气象气球，又称为深空气球，是一种专门用于气象观测的气球，文章主要介绍了气象气球的工作原理和使用过程。
1．F　[此空设于段中，与下文存在指代关系。该项与上文陈述了气象气球进入空中前的几个步骤。下文中的“it”指代F项中的“launch site”。故选F项。]
2．G　[此空设于段尾，与上文存在递进关系。当气象气球到达一定高度后，气球内的空气开始膨胀；当气球上升到稀薄的空气中时，它会变得越来越大。故选G。]
3．E　[此空设于段中，与上文存在转折关系，与下文存在因果关系。到达十万英尺高空时，气象气球探测天气的能力无与伦比；然而，很快它就会爆炸；因为外面的气压太小，气球内的空气膨胀到其无法承受。故选E项。]
4．C　[此空设于段首， 是本段的主旨句。通读本段可知，本段主要讲述的是尽力保存无线电探空仪的重要性。]
5．B　[此空设于段中， 用于引起下文。下文提到在发射后总共持续约两小时，就是B项提及的“气象气球的生命周期”。]
Passage 3
For the last decade，I’ve studied entrepreneurs (企业家) and the key to their success．Unsurprisingly，many have failed more times than they’ve succeeded．While failure may initially be a blow to your confidence and even put you in a financial crisis，it is not the end of the road． 1 .
One of the entrepreneurs I studied was the founder of a pharmaceutical company in Nigeria．To set itself apart from the competition，this company invested in drugs for the elderly． 2 This outcome motivated people there to conduct more analyses and they identified the company’s location as the problem．By moving elsewhere，it has grown to be one of the most successful companies in the industry．
Failure should be viewed as just an adventure，rather than a sign that your goal is unreachable． 3 James Dyson struggled for five years to make the world’s first cyclone vacuum cleaner work．In the meantime，he had gone into debt and even signed his house over to the bank．Now owning a multibillion-dollar company，James Dyson insists that his company’s spirit of risk-taking has stayed the same．
4 Before making decisions，they consider the probability of a loss and how it could be minimized．From a biographical analysis of entrepreneurs，I found the ability to anticipate possible risks and cope effectively with them is essential to successful entrepreneurs，which helps them pick themselves up．
As an entrepreneur，it is important to recognize opportunities to grow．Again，failure can help with this mindset．More often than not，being successful makes you self-content．Although failure can be a hiccup (小问题)，it opens your mind to new opportunities and perspectives． 5 So don’t be afraid of failure; when you fail，fail forward．
A．After several months，it suffered a significant loss．
B．Successful entrepreneurs are good at recovering from failures．
C．Indeed，entrepreneurs often stress taking risks is key to their success．
D．Although they tend to take risks，entrepreneurs are always calculative．
E．Actually，some great businesses are based on multiple failed attempts．
F．The preparation provides reassurance and a map to try again if they do fail．
G．Failure helps you see what is invisible to those who are constantly successful．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述创业者面对失败时的态度和行为，阐述了失败并不意味着终点，而是学习和成长的机会，是通向成功的垫脚石。
1．E　[此空设于段尾，与上文存在解释关系。上文说明了失败会打击你的自信心、使你陷入经济危机，但这并不是道路的尽头，设空处进一步阐释：事实上，一些大的公司都是建立在多次失败的基础之上的。故选E项。]
2．A　[此空设于段中，与上文存在时间上的先后顺序。上文说明了尼日利亚的一家药企另辟蹊径，生产针对老年人的药物，几个月后，它遭受了巨大的损失，人们进而调查其中的原因。故选A项。]
3．C　[此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。上文说明了失败应该被看作是一次冒险，该项承接上文说明了“企业家们经常强调冒险是他们成功的关键”，并引入下文戴森发明吸尘器的事例。故选C项。]
4．D　[此空设于段首，是一个承上启下的过渡句。上一段说明了成功企业家勇于冒险，但是他们并不是盲目地冒险，而是善于算计的，空后的内容都是围绕这一点展开的。故选D项。]
5．G　[此空设于段中，与下文存在因果关系。上文说明了成功会让人自满、止步不前，相比之下，失败可以让人看到常胜将军们看不到的机遇和视角，因此，不要惧怕失败，即便失败了，我们也要在失败中前进。故选G项。]
Passage 4
Finding an insect in your food can be a moment of horror that kills the mood and your appetite immediately．But that might be about to change． 1 .
The market research predicts the global market for edible (可食用的) insects will grow sharply．So what’s behind this expected increase in appetite for insects 2 And the answer lies in understanding how insects compare to other food types in terms of production and farming．
Insects produce less harmful gas than most mainstream farm animals per kilo of live weight．A cow，for example，produces 2.8 kg of greenhouse gas per kilo of live body weight．Insects，on the other hand，produce just 2 grams． 3 For each kilo it weighs，a cow needs 10 kg of feed．Insects，on the other hand，need just 1.7 kg．
Water，which is becoming an increasingly rare resource in some parts of the world and is used liberally in intensive(密集的) farming，offers another interesting comparison．To produce a single gram of insect protein，you’d need 23 litres of water． 4 But to get that same gram of protein from cattle，you’d need 112 litres of water．
5 Compared with raising traditional livestock (家畜) such as sheep，pigs or cattle，farming insects generally means that there will be no more dealing with mud and dirt and an end to changing heavy bags of feed．And forget about having to go outdoors in all weather conditions to manhandle livestock．The requirement for investment in equipment will be different，too．This will be farming on a much smaller scale，reducing the need for large and expensive machinery．
It may not be too long before we can all buy a bag of edible insects at our local grocery store．
A．That might sound like a lot．
B．There are a number of factors in play．
C．Possibly，we’ll soon be voluntarily enjoying insects．
D．Insects weigh much less than traditional farm animals．
E．The majority of individuals have a strong dislike for insects．
F．They also consume fewer resources than traditional livestock．
G．For farmers，raising insects can be much easier and save money．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章从环境、经济等角度分析了可食用昆虫的消费市场可能迅速增加的原因。
1．C　[此空设于段尾，与上文存在顺承关系。上文说，食物中出现虫子会让人们感到恐怖从而失去食欲的这种反应可能会发生改变，此处紧接着说我们也许很快就会自愿享受昆虫。故选C项。]
2．B　[此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。首先，B项“有许多原因”回答了上一句的问题“为什么预测人们对食用昆虫的食欲会增加”；其次，B项中的“a number of factors”照应下文中的“insects ...in terms of production and farming”。]
3．F　[此空设于段中，与上文是递进关系。生产同等重量的牛肉蛋白所释放的温室气体远超昆虫蛋白，此外昆虫需要的食物比牛要少得多。故选F项。]
4．A　[此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，和下文存在对比关系。A项中的“That”指代上文“培育一克昆虫蛋白需要23 升水”，这也许听起来很多，但是“培育一克牛肉蛋白需要112 升水”。]
5．G　[此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。通读最后一段可知，本段旨在告诉读者饲养昆虫更容易且能节省投资。]
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