07板块一专题二第二讲细品文，三大考点破难题PPT课件-2026版高考英语二轮专题复习与策略

(共200张PPT)
第一部分 复习讲义
板块一 阅读
第二讲　细品文，
三大考点破难题
专题二　阅读七选五
类型1　段首主旨句
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour．You'll compete with fewer tourists，save money，experience a different side of a popular place，and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower．
考点一
段首设空题
A．Visit during off-peak times．
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else．
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
√
解题分析：
Step 1　观察句式特征，厘清段落大意
根据文章特征可知，段首主题句应填祈使句。再根据本段中的“skipping major holidays or rush hour”可知，本段强调错峰出行。
Step 2　分析所给选项，确定正确答案
根据主题句是祈使句，正确选项范围为A、C项，根据关键信息错峰出行，可判断出正确答案。
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类型2　段落过渡句
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Parisians are different from you and me．They never look lazy or untidy．As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago，they eat great food and never gain weight．38．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy．French strawberries do not taste like cardboard．Instead，they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs．
39 On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries．I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon．My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten．But they cost $18!
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers．
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do．
F．Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians．
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy．
√
解题分析：
Step 1　研读上一段内容，尤其是结尾内容
根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物很美味。
Step 2　看所选答案，是否能使上下段落在内容和逻辑上连贯
本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起承上启下作用。
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类型1　根据总分关系确定答案
【典例】(2023·全国乙卷)
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“ 38 ．I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood．” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory．There is
考点二
段中设空题
also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide．They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking．39．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
√
解题分析：根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用Will Spoelstra的话总结全段，引出下文论述种植绿植的好处，形成总—分结构。
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类型2　根据解释关系确定答案
【典例】(2023·浙江1月卷)
Bring a blanket．When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one． 38 In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold．
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types．
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train．
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control．
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months．
√
解题分析：根据空后一句中的in particular可以看出，这句话是对设空处的进一步解释。C项和空后的句子“In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold．”在逻辑上相吻合。
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类型3　根据例证关系确定答案
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)
·Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run．And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice． 38 ．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake．You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations．
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
√
解题分析：根据本空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，设空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空格后的“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake．”则进一步列举了生活中可以尝试的小事。B项承上启下，并且能与下文形成例证关系。
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类型4　根据转折关系确定答案
【典例】(2023·全国乙卷)
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors．Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter． 37 ．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
√
解题分析：设空前的句子表否定，认为很多植物不适合在英国户外种植，尤其是冬天；D项跟前句形成对比关系，表达相反的情况：grow better inside、 warmer和Instead表转折，可以承接前句。
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类型5　根据因果关系确定答案
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris． 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard．It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway．
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do．
F．Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians．
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy．
√
解题分析：根据空后的“So”可知，设空处与空后一句之间构成因果关系。故F项是作者和丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。
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类型6　根据递进关系确定答案
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)
·Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits：Research shows it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic． 37 ．“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，” said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California．
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
√
解题分析：本段第一句讲到了感恩有很多好处，设空前列举了一些好处“it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic”，因此设空处讲到的应该还是感恩的好处，且涉及主题“耐心”，故E项符合语境，且E项中的“also”与上句形成了递进关系。
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类型7　根据并列关系确定答案
【典例】(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)
So，how do you find a workout partner
First of all，decide what you want from that person． 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner．
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward．
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by．
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else．
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
√
解题分析：选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句“Or do you just want to be physically fit ...？”可知，设空处与后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。
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类型1　主题句或总结句
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
·Choose mindfully．Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason：they're special．With so many online posts featuring the same places，it's easy to feel like you're missing out．Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you． 37 .
A．Visit during off-peak times．
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else．
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
考点三
段尾设空题
√
解题分析：
Step 1　厘清段落大意
根据本段首句可知，本段建议人们要谨慎选择旅行地点。
Step 2　弄懂前文含义
根据空格处前“Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you．”可知，旅行地的选择应基于个人的真实兴趣，与他人无关。
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√
类型2　补充信息句
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)
Eat with others whenever possible．Eating alone，specially in front of the TV or computer，often leads to mindless overeating．And be careful about the foods you keep at hand．It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready，like cookies． 38 .
E．Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices．
F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now．
G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan．
解题分析：
Step 1　弄懂前文含义
前文提到，在电脑或电视前独自进食容易导致无意识的暴饮暴食，建议谨慎选择随手可得的食物。
Step 2　分析逻辑关系
前文提到“unhealthy snacks”，所以后文应提供避免暴饮暴食的建议才符合逻辑。
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类型3　段落过渡句
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer： 36 ．
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
√
解题分析：
Step 1　瞻前顾后找启示
根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”。
Step 2　根据关键词定答案
同时，根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。
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随堂演练促迁移
Passage 1
(2024·山东青岛三模)
Feeling guilty about your daily afternoon nap (小睡) Don't．Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain． 1 .
Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits．Researchers looked at data from 2，974 adults in China．They discovered that those who napped for 30 to 90 minutes had better word recall and figure drawing abilities than those who didn't nap or napped for longer than 90 minutes．However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems． 2 It in turn leads to needing longer naps during the day，which can cause mental issues，feeling dizzy after waking，and trouble sleeping at night．
Charlene Gamaldo，M．D．，medical director of the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center，emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping． 3 She advises that if you're experiencing sleeplessness or taking longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep at night，it might be wise to limit your nap duration．This balance is crucial for maintaining overall sleep quality．
The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life． 4 For most of us，the ideal nap length can have a significant positive impact on brain health and overall well-being．
5 So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits．
A．It symbolizes a good memory．
B．Resting more during the day is restorative．
C．Therefore，it's essential to get the right quantity．
D．But keep in mind that the length of your nap matters．
E．One reason is that they suggest poor quality in night-time sleep．
F．A well-timed nap helps maintain thinking skills and good health．
G．While napping is beneficial，it should not disturb night-time sleep．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明，午饭后小睡一会儿对大脑大有好处。
1．D　[根据上文“Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain．”和下文“Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits．”可知，上文提到午饭后小睡的好处，下文提到睡眠的时间有要求，空处和上文形成转折关系，并且与睡眠时长有关。故选D。]
2．E　[根据上文“However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems．”可知，空处需要解释过长时间的午睡可能带来的具体问题。E项解释了过长时间的午睡可能意味着夜间睡眠质量不佳，进而可能导致其他问题。]
3．G　[根据上文“Charlene Gamaldo，M．D．，medical director of the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center，emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping．”可知，空处承接上文，需要解释为什么考虑个人睡眠需求和周期是重要的。G项符合语境。]
4．C　[根据上文“The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life．”可知，空处和上文形成因果关系，说明获取适量睡眠时间的重要性。C项符合语境。]
5．F　[根据下文“So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits．”可知，本段主要说明了适时小睡的好处。F项符合语境。]
Passage 2
(2024·江苏南通三模)
Overcoming barriers to exercising
If you're having trouble beginning an exercise plan or following through，you're not alone．Detailed exercise instructions and workout plans are just a click away．But knowing how and why to exercise was far from enough．Making exercise a habit takes more． 1 0
While practical concerns like a busy schedule or poor health can make exercise more challenging，for most of us，the biggest barriers are mental．Maybe it's a lack of self-confidence that keeps you from taking positive steps． 2 We've all been there at some point．There are steps you can take to make exercise more fun and active．
You don't have to spend hours in a gym or force yourself into dull or painful activities to experience the physical and mental benefits of exercise． 3 In fact，adding just modest amounts of physical activity to your weekly routine can have a profound effect on your mental and emotional health．
Research shows that self-sympathy increases the likelihood that you'll succeed in any attempt．So，don't blame yourself too much for your current fitness level． 4 Instead，look at your past mistakes as opportunities to learn and grow．
5 Try not to be discouraged by what you can't accomplish or how far you have to go to reach your fitness goals．Instead，focus on consistency．While the improvements in mood and energy levels may happen quickly，the physical payoff will come in time．
A．Maybe your passion dies down．
B．A little exercise is better than nothing．
C．Expecting too much only leads to frustration．
D．You know there are great reasons to exercise．
E．All that will do is cause you to lose motivation．
F．You need the right mindset and a smart approach．
G．Many of us are struggling to get into the motionless state．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了如何克服锻炼障碍。
1．F　[根据上文“But knowing how and why to exercise was far from enough．Making exercise a habit takes more．”可知，上文提到知道如何以及为什么要锻炼是远远不够的，要使锻炼成为一种习惯需要更多。故F项“You need the right mindset and a smart approach．(你需要正确的心态和聪明的方法。)”符合语境。故选F。]
2．A　[根据上文“Maybe it's a lack of self-confidence that keeps you from taking positive steps．”可知，上文提到可能是缺乏自信阻止了你迈出积极的步伐。故A项“Maybe your passion dies down．(也许你的激情消退了。)”与上文构成并列关系，符合语境。故选A。]
3．B　[根据上文“You don't have to spend hours in a gym or force yourself into dull or painful activities to experience the physical and mental benefits of exercise．”可知，上文提到不必花费数小时在健身房或强迫自己进行无聊或痛苦的活动来体验锻炼带来的身心益处。故B项“A little exercise is better than nothing．(一点锻炼总比没有强。)”，正好符合这一观点，进一步强调了即使是少量的锻炼也能带来益处，符合语境。故选B。]
4．E　[根据上文“So，don't blame yourself too much for your current fitness level．”和下文“Instead，look at your past mistakes as opportunities to learn and grow．”可知，E项“All that will do is cause you to lose motivation．(那只会让你失去动力。)”，正好符合这一逻辑，与后文形成对比，符合语境。故选E。]
5．C　[根据下文“Try not to be discouraged by what you can't accomplish or how far you have to go to reach your fitness goals．”可知，下文提到“不要被不能完成的事情或达到健身目标还有多远所困扰”。故C项“Expecting too much only leads to frustration．(期望过高只会带来挫败感。)”符合语境。故选C。]
针对性训练16　阅读七选五——小标题
Passage 1
(2024·安徽滁州二模)
How to overcome gym anxiety
Here are some practical tips to help you overcome anxiety in the gym and create a positive，empowering experience for yourself．
Set realistic expectations
The first step in overcoming gym anxiety is to set realistic expectations．
Understand that everyone starts somewhere and that the gym is a place for personal growth and improvement． 1 ．Every individual in the gym is on their own unique fitness journey．
Plan ahead and familiarise yourself
2 ．Before heading to the gym，plan your workout routine and familiarise yourself with the equipment you intend to use．Research exercise techniques and watch instructional videos to gain confidence and knowledge．By doing so，you'll enter the gym with a sense of purpose and direction．
Start slowly and gradually
Ease into your gym routine by starting with exercises and machines you are comfortable with． 3 ．Taking small steps will not only help you build physical strength but also improve your mental resilience (韧性)，empowering you to tackle new challenges．
4 0
Having a gym partner can provide huge support and motivation．Consider finding a friend who shares your fitness goals or seeking guidance from a personal trainer．A supportive companion or an expert can provide guidance，encourage you during workouts，and help remove anxiety by offering tips and feedback．
Practice mindfulness techniques
Mindfulness exercises can be powerful tools to fight anxiety in any setting，including the gym． 5 ．Focusing on your breath and being present in the moment can help calm your mind and remove anxiety．Additionally，practicing mindfulness during your workout can enhance your mind-body connection，allowing you to fully involve yourself in the experience．
A．Find a gym partner or seek professional help
B．Fight gym anxiety and unlock your true potential
C．Remind yourself that progress certainly takes time
D．Feeling prepared can significantly reduce anxiety levels
E．Stepping foot inside a gym can cause feelings of anxiety
F．Prior to your workout，take minutes to engage in deep breathing or thinking
G．Gradually introduce new exercises or equipment as you become more confident
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是如何克服健身房焦虑。
1．C　[根据本段小标题“Set realistic expectations”以及空前“Understand that everyone starts somewhere and that the gym is a place for personal growth and improvement．”可知，此处建议每个人必须要设定切实可行的期望，并且要明白每个人都是从某个地方开始的，并不是一蹴而就的。C项符合语境，指出要时刻提醒自己进步是需要时间的，需要设定切实可行的期望，符合语境。]
2．D　[根据本段小标题“Plan ahead and familiarise yourself”以及空后“Before heading to the gym，plan your workout routine and familiarise yourself with the equipment you intend to use．”可知，本段主要强调的是去健身房之前要好好计划并且做准备。D项指出做好健身准备是可以显著降低焦虑程度的，引起下文，同时与本段主旨呼应，符合语境。]
3．G　[根据空前“Ease into your gym routine by starting with exercises and machines you are comfortable with．”可知，此处强调缓慢并且逐渐地开始自己的健身计划——从你喜欢的运动和器械开始。后文应该强调接下来的健身过程。G项承接前文，指出在原有的健身基础上，当自己变得自信时，逐渐引入新的运动或设备，符合语境。]
4．A　[本题考查该段的主旨。根据后文“Having a gym partner can provide huge support and motivation．”以及“A supportive companion or an expert can provide guidance，encourage you during workouts，and help remove anxiety by offering tips and feedback．”可知，本段强调的是寻找一个健身伙伴和健身过程中寻求专业帮助的重要性。A项能概括本段主要内容，符合本段主旨。]
5．F　[根据空前“Mindfulness exercises can be powerful tools to fight anxiety in any setting，including the gym．”以及空后“Focusing on your breath and being present in the moment can help calm your mind and remove anxiety．”可知，此处提出“正念练习”并对其作用进行阐述。F项中的“花几分钟进行深呼吸或思考”承接前文的“正念练习”，并且与后文“专注呼吸”形成呼应，符合语境。]
Passage 2
(2024·山东泰安三模)
Tips for Planning a Nature Walk with Your Child
When it comes to planning a nature walk，the key tip to keep in mind is to have fun with it! 1 If children are given the opportunity to experience nature，even in simple ways，interaction and engagement follow quite naturally．
Let your children get dirty
If your little one is anxious to crawl (爬) in the dirt to get a better look at worms，then go for it! 2 Research suggests that kids who play the dirt are exposed to bacteria，germs and viruses that can help build their immune(免疫) system and reduce the risks of certain allergies and illnesses later in life．
3 0
Encourage them to stop to turn over rocks，touch moss，and when they can，climb on and over rocks and fallen trees．Whatever the environment，which you assess for any unreasonable danger，the children can set the pace—stimulating confidence，flexibility，problem-solving，creativity，and a sense of wonder．
Get creative
4 Davis suggests pretending play，such as using a stick as a sword or magic wand，or making up stories about the items found during your walk．Your findings also work great for an art project．“Collecting rocks while on your nature walk can later be painted and re-purposed as beautiful works of art，” says Davis．
Let older children be more adventurous
For the older kids，it's all about making a deeper connection with the world around them．With older kids，you can encourage them to connect with nature on a deeper level by exploring their senses． 5 0
A．Assess environment
B．Have your children lead the way
C．Nature is perfect for a child's creativity．
D．Nature walks don't have to be complicated．
E．Dirt might get a bad reputation，but it shouldn't．
F．Give them the freedom to play in their own ways．
G．Try having them walk barefoot on different surfaces．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章就与孩子一起在大自然中散步的计划给出了几点建议。
1．D　[空后“If children are given the opportunity to experience nature，even in simple ways，interaction and engagement follow quite naturally．”谈到，如果给予孩子探索自然的机会，即便是简单的方式，孩子也会自然地互动和参与进来，据此可以推断出此处应该谈到在大自然中散步是一件并不复杂的事情，D项符合语境，故选D。]
2．E　[根据空前“If your little one is anxious to crawl in the dirt to get a better look at worms，then go for it！”和空后“Research suggests...illnesses later in life．”可知，此处与dirt有关，结合后文谈到的好处可以推断出与dirt的优缺点有关，E项符合语境。]
3．B　[根据本段内容可知，本段谈到鼓励孩子们多跟大自然接触，去体验不同的环境，家长在确保环境安全的前提下，让孩子确定与大自然接触的节奏，B项符合本段主旨。]
4．C　[根据本段小标题“Get creative”可知，本段与创造力有关，结合本段末句可知，C项符合本段主旨。]
5．G　[结合本段小标题“Let older children be more adventurous”可知，本段主题是“让大一点的孩子更有冒险精神”，空前“With older kids，you can encourage them to connect with nature on a deeper level by exploring their senses．”提到通过探索感官来更深入地与大自然建立联系，G项是具体的方法。]
Passage 3
(2024·云南昆明三模)
Simple Yet Amazing Ways to Be Wiser
Wisdom is a wonderful fruit of experience，knowledge and good judgement，which actually allows us to conquer the demands of today's difficult and challenging world． 1 ．Here are some strategies that you can follow to get wiser．
·Never back away from learning
2 ， so you must develop a thirst for knowledge．Take new classes，read books，listen to educational podcasts，and the list goes on and on．If something confuses you，surf the Internet and clear out your problems．All of these activities will strengthen your critical-thinking skills，finally helping you tackle a problem smoothly．
· 3 .
Why not have wise people，such as your teachers and colleagues as your mentors(导师) to make yourself better Engage in useful dialog with them．The more time you spend with them，the more transfer of knowledge there will be．Be immersed in their knowledge as much as you can，and you won't regret it!
·Open yourself to diverse angles
Be willing to accept different views and observe the world from different angles．Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or what is the most familiar to you． 4 ．
·Always trust your gut(直觉)
People who tend to listen to their hearts are good at making decisions than people who only listen to their minds． 5 ， but gut also counts and people mostly ignore that．Whenever a certain situation occurs，check how you react and then go with your gut．
A．Call upon the wisdom of others
B．Share your knowledge with others
C．It also calms us down in terrible situations
D．We often think that wisdom is associated with the heart
E．Inspire humanity and see your life change for the better
F．Train your mind to be a judgment-free space for various ideas
G．Always being in your comfort zone will never help you gain wisdom
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让你变得更聪明的几个简单而神奇的方法。
1．C　[根据空前“Wisdom is a wonderful fruit of experience，knowledge and good judgement，which actually allows us to conquer the demands of today's difficult and challenging world．”可知，选项承接上文继续说明智慧给作者带来的益处。故C项切题。]
2．G　[根据小标题“Never back away from learning”以及空后“so you must develop a thirst for knowledge”可知，选项与下文为因果关系，说明总是在舒适区使我们无法获得智慧，所以要培养对知识的渴望。故G项切题。]
3．A　[本题考查段落小标题。根据下文“Why not have wise people...knowledge there will be．”可知，本段主要讲借鉴他人的智慧。故A项适合作为本段的小标题。]
4．F　[根据小标题“Open yourself to diverse angles”以及“Be willing to ...what is the most familiar to you．”可知，设空处总结本段内容，说明要接受各种想法。故F项切题。]
5．D　[根据空后“but gut also counts and people mostly ignore that”可知，设空处与下文为转折关系，说明其他人的一些普遍看法。故D项切题。]
Passage 4
(2024·广东梅州二模)
Public Speaking
It can be stressful to deliver a speech in front of people．What do you say How do you catch people's attention What do you do if you mess up 1 You can use the following basics about the art of public speaking to help you overcome these challenges and be a good speaker．
Point everything back to the central idea
Before you begin your speech，figure out your core message． 2 It makes it easier to decide what to say and it helps you make every other decision，from the structure to the specific stories and concrete images that you include．
3 。
To make your presentation memorable，you can try using “sticky stories” in your speeches — honest，vivid anecdotes (逸闻) with details that engage the senses of sight，sound，smell，taste and touch．People remember stories and images．
Practice in front of people
Practicing your speech can ease feelings of nervousness and help you adjust your presentation．Ask a friend or a family member to listen to you as you practice．You can also take a voice memo with your phone and play it back to yourself． 4 .
Slow down and start again
If something unexpected happens in the moment — say you stumble (结巴) or lose your place — pause or slow down．Take a deep breath and go back to the beginning of a sentence or restate the word you stumbled on．And don't worry，people don't notice those pauses as much as you think they do． 5 The point is to set yourself up for success，not perfection．
A．Avoid big words and long sentences
B．Use vivid imagery and storytelling
C．These problems will drive you mad．
D．Even if someone does notice，that's OK，too．
E．Then make sure all the ideas in your speech point back to it．
F．There's also a chance to practice short speeches on important topics．
G．By doing so，you can get supportive feedback to improve your speech．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了关于公共演讲艺术的基本知识，以此来帮助读者克服演讲的困难，成为一名优秀的演讲者。
1．C　[根据前文“It can be stressful to deliver a speech in front of people．What do you say How do you catch people's attention What do you do if you mess up？”可知，此处是指前文中提到的这些问题让人苦恼，所以选项C切合文意，These problems指代上文列举的问题。]
2．E　[根据小标题“Point everything back to the central idea”和空前“Before you begin your speech，figure out your core message．”可知，在开始演讲之前，弄清楚演讲的核心信息，演讲中的所有内容都要指向中心思想；E项承接上文，指出让演讲中的所有观点都指向演讲的核心，符合语境，选项中的“it”指代前文中提到的“core message”。 ]
3．B　[根据后文可知，本段主要阐述要在演讲中使用生动的故事和图像叙述；所以选项B能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。]
4．G　[根据前文“Ask a friend or a family member to listen to you as you practice．You can also take a voice memo with your phone and play it back to yourself．”可知，此处是指按照前文这样做可以得到好的反馈，以此完善自己的演讲技巧，所以选项G切合文意。]
5．D　[根据空前“And don't worry，people don't notice those pauses as much as you think they do．”和空后“The point is to set yourself up for success，not perfection．”可知，此处是指即使有人注意到了你的停顿也没关系，所以选项D切合文意。]
针对性训练17　阅读七选五——段首设空题
Passage 1
(2024·广东汕头二模)
Art Appreciation
Art appreciation is an often overlooked skill．It's more than simply looking at a piece of art and judging it based on what we see．It requires us to look deeper，beyond the surface into the artist's intention． 1 The following tips would help you achieve it．
The first step is to prepare yourself mentally．Before you begin viewing any artwork，take moments to clear your mind of what a piece you think should look like． 2 That's because an artist can present a unique visual experience by combining line，shape，form，color and space creatively．
Besides，examine the artwork closely．Take note of its elements mentioned above．Consider how these elements work together to convey meaning or emotion in the piece．Notice how the work makes you feel． 3 What can I see What is the artwork saying What feelings does it arouse in me
4 Information about the artist and when the artwork was created can help you uncover the deeper symbolism present in the work that may not be immediately evident．Art is often used as a tool for social change．To appreciate art，it's important to understand the context where it was created．The context behind a piece can be found through research and analysis．
Last but not least，sharing opinions on art also helps．Try discussing your thoughts on artwork with friends or family who may have different opinions．Taking the diverse understanding into consideration，you can approach viewing artwork from different viewpoints．As a result，you can gain a new appreciation every time you look at it． 5 .
A．Relevant research counts as well．
B．Engage all your senses and ask yourself questions．
C．The process can bring you a fun and educational trip．
D．Leave your feelings aside and check out the questions．
E．To sum up，communication can also do good to your art appreciation．
F．With the previous ideas，you can get well prepared for the appreciation．
G．This will help you open up to different perspectives when exploring the work．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何欣赏艺术。
1．C　[根据上文“Art appreciation is an often overlooked skill．It's more than simply looking at a piece of art and judging it based on what we see．It requires us to look deeper，beyond the surface into the artist's intention．”可知，上文提到欣赏艺术要求我们透过表面深入观察艺术家的意图，本句承接上文，说明欣赏艺术所带来的好处。C选项符合语境，故选C。]
2．G　[根据上文“The first step is to prepare yourself mentally．Before you begin viewing any artwork，take moments to clear your mind of what a piece you think should look like．”可知，本句承接上文，说明“花点时间清理一下你认为一件作品应该是什么样子的”做法的原因。G选项符合语境，故选G。]
3．B　[根据后文“What can I see What is the artwork saying What feelings does it arouse in me？”可知，后文主要列举了一些需要反思的问题。B选项符合语境，故选B。]
4．A　[本题是本段的主旨句。根据后文内容可知，本段主要说明了研究艺术背后的创作背景。A选项符合语境，故选A。]
5．E　[根据上文“Last but not least...look at it．”可知，本句需承接上文，说明交流对于欣赏艺术带来的好处。E选项符合语境，故选E。]
Passage 2
(2024·湖南岳阳二模)
Anger is the most destructive emotion．When in a temper，you make hasty ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret．You will also regret language spoken without thought．How to stop being angry 1 .
Change your attitude to the way the world works．You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely． 2 Also，you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you，nor will they behave in the same way that you would in a given situation．The answer is to be a bit more flexible and loosen your hold on life．
Don't dismiss anger as a bad emotion．There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things．Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA．Gandhi was angry about British domination in India． 3 Use anger to help you not prevent you．
4 Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger，but all that happens is that the anger is held back．A much better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause．When trying to get to the root cause，be prepared to be honest with yourself．Once you know why you get mad，it is possible to deal with the cause．Take positive steps to help you overcome feelings of anger．
5 Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes，and you will stop being angry．
A．Stop trying to manage your anger．
B．Try to control it when you get angry．
C．Here are ways that you can counter the causes of anger．
D．Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry．
E．In conclusion，you must recognize that anger is something you can control．
F．They both used anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice．
G．Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you frustrated and angry．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个帮助控制情绪，不发脾气的方法。
1．C　[根据上文“How to stop being angry？”和下文中三个段落中心句可知，本文是在提出克服愤怒的方法。C项符合语境。]
2．G　[根据上文“Change your attitude to the way the world works．You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely．”可知，改变自己的态度，接受别人不同的行为方式可以避免让自己生气。G项符合语境。]
3．F　[根据上文“There are occasions...Gandhi was angry about British domination in India．”可知，Martin Luther King 和 Gandhi 是两个来证明“...anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things．”的例子，F项中的“They both”指代两人。F项符合语境。]
4．A　[根据下文“Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger，but all that happens is that the anger is held back．”可知，作者不赞成控制愤怒。A项符合语境。]
5．E　[下文“Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes，and you will stop being angry．”是对上文方法和带来的结果的描述，推断这是一个总结段。E项符合语境。]
Passage 3
(2024·福建漳州三模)
It's summer．You're on your favourite beach towel，a friend beside you．You're both absorbed in books，occasionally taking sips of water．But what happens when it's time to head home Will you carry on reading together later Generally speaking，reading tends to be seen as a solitary (孤独的) pastime． 1 However，the benefits of sharing the experience are numerous and worth sticking with throughout the year．
2 For example，you don't have to brainstorm to organize a conversation，because you both have a book in your hands．You can get lost in your book without worrying about seeming rude by not keeping up a constant stream of chatter．As you both enter the same state，your blood pressure will go down，muscle tension will ease，and your worries will fade away．All these put you at ease． 3 A quiet corner of the playground，a blanket spread out on the grass in the garden，or any calm space where you feel relaxed will do．
Spending time together reading can strengthen friendships．As you turn the pages，you might discover interesting facts to pass a long or funny anecdote to giggle (咯咯笑) over．Sometimes，you'll come across more serious themes，such as losing a loved one or a cherished pet，or facing any one of life's many challenges． 4 .
Reading fiction has been shown to enhance empathy (同理心)，which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another．As you know，novels allow us to live countless experiences through their characters，which will result in heightened sensitivity． 5 For example，a person's empathetic response increases as he emerges from being immersed in a story．
A．Reading with others is comforting in many ways．
B．And this sensitivity can lead to an immediate impact．
C．Reading can surely bring the joy of relaxation to people．
D．Besides，you don't need to find a specific place to get into this zone．
E．So it might seem unusual to pull out a novel in the company of others．
F．Reading in pair may help you and your friend stay more committed to reading．
G．Discussing these themes can help deepen the bond between you and your friend．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了共同阅读的好处。
1．E　[上文“Will you carry on reading together later Generally speaking，reading tends to be seen as a solitary pastime．”说阅读往往被视为一种孤独的消遣，说明共同阅读不常见；下文“However，the benefits of sharing the experience are numerous and worth sticking with throughout the year．”说这种共同阅读的经历好处多多，设空处内容应与“共同阅读不常见”相关，与下文也形成转折，表明共同阅读虽不常见，但好处多多，E项切合语境。]
2．A　[下文“For example，you don't have to brainstorm to organize a conversation...All these put you at ease．”列举了共同阅读的多种好处，A项引出下文，A项中的“is comforting in many ways”能够概括本段中提到的多种好处。]
3．D　[根据下文“A quiet corner of the playground，a blanket spread out on the grass in the garden，or any calm space where you feel relaxed will do．”可知，共同阅读并不限制场地，一个安静的地方就行，D选项能引起下文的例子。]
4．G　[根据上文“Spending time together reading can strengthen friendships．”可知，共同阅读可以加强友谊；再结合上文“Sometimes，you'll come across more serious themes，such as losing a loved one or a cherished pet，or facing any one of life's many challenges．”可知，该空应该讲共同阅读这些主题会对加强友谊所起到的积极作用，G项符合语境。]
5．B　[上文“As you know，novels allow us to live countless experiences through their characters，which will result in heightened sensitivity．”提到了阅读小说将提高我们的敏感度，下文“For example，a person's empathetic response increases as he emerges from being immersed in a story．”讲了高敏感度产生的影响：沉浸在故事中时人的移情反应会增加，B项符合语境。]
Passage 4
(2024·广东广州一模)
Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique．It involves explaining what you're learning to others．By teaching what you've learned from memory，you engage in active recall． 1 It also ensures that you understand the topic，because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it．The technique consists of four repeatable steps．
To begin，choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand． 2 The more interested you are，the faster you'll grasp it．Moreover，a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged．
3 Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old．If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone，you can just teach it to an imaginary audience．But it works much better if you use a real person．They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear．
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding． 4 .
Review your notes，reread books，or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward．
Now that you fully grasp the concept，test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person．This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit．
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn． 5 You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else．However，with great efforts in mastering this method，you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before．
A．It is mentally demanding．
B．This helps the information stick in your mind better．
C．Teach it to a five-year-old，who would give you direct feedback．
D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning．
E．Once you have chosen a topic，you can teach it to someone else．
F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning．
G．When this happens，refer back to the original material for the missing pieces．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明的被称为费曼技巧的一种聪明的学习方法。
1．B　[根据上文“Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman ...you engage in active recall．”可知，本空要说跟“这种学习方法的好处”有关的话题，故B选项能承接上文，符合题意。]
2．D　[根据下文“The more interested you are，the faster you'll grasp it．Moreover，a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged．”可知，本空要说跟“感兴趣和学习的关系”有关的话题，故D选项能引起下文，符合题意。]
3．E　[根据下文“Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old...just teach it to an imaginary audience．”可知，本空要说跟“教给别人”有关的话题，故E项能引起下文，符合题意。]
4．G　[根据上文“While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding．”可知，本空要说跟“出现这种情况的解决办法”有关的话题，根据后文“Review your notes，reread books，or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward．”可知，出现这种情况的解决办法是回顾笔记，故G项能承上启下，符合题意。]
5．A　[根据下文“You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else．”可知，积极地思考问题对精神要求很高，故A项能引起下文，符合题意。]
针对性训练18　阅读七选五——段中设空题
Passage 1
(2024·浙江绍兴二模)
Dear Fresher，joining a university can be a pleasant but challenging experience：horrific and yet beautiful，scary but exciting． 1 .
Do not panic if，like me，you do not make friends on the first day or week．Before I met Sanaa，I had tried to force myself to make friends with classmates in my other majors．Then I was starting to get convinced that there was something wrong with me． 2 Eventually，when I started making more friends，it made sense why the friendships I had forced did not work out．It was my first lesson in understanding my uniqueness，and reminding me that my “friends” are somewhere，out there． 3 .
So，dear Fresher，as I say welcome to university life，I am also saying，give yourself time—to understand your school，your course，and your new rhythm of life．Do not fall into the trap of people-pleasing to fit in．
4 Of course，you must leave room to grow and breathe—to discover amazing cultures，new accents，and new ways of matching your clothes—but do not do anything that needs you to abandon your genuine self in order to become．
Finally，it might not look like it，but the four，five，or six years you will be in university will pass by really quickly． 5 Perhaps that is DIYs，writing blog posts，participating in club activities in your department，or joining the dance troupe．
So，dear Fresher，go forward，and leave your mark! You will be surprised at how much experience that will contribute to your CV．
A．It is a big turn on the pages of your life．
B．Extracurricular activities build confidence．
C．I no longer struggle too hard to fit square pegs into round holes．
D．It is a good idea for you to make friends with like-minded people．
E．That was why I got uninspired by every friendship I tried to make．
F．While the new phase of life is challenging，remember who you truly are．
G．Seek out opportunities to do stuff you are passionate about during your free time．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章以亲切、随和的语气向新生提出了关于如何适应大学生活、保持自我、寻找兴趣等多方面的建议，其中既有作者的亲身经历，也有对新生的殷切期望和鼓励。
1．A　[根据前文“Dear Fresher，joining a university can be a pleasant but challenging experience：horrific and yet beautiful，scary but exciting．”可知，A项是对前文内容的总结，说明大学的重要性。]
2．E　[根据前文“Before I met Sanaa...that there was something wrong with me．”以及后文“Eventually，...work out．”可知，设空处应是介绍前文讲述的作者自己的问题所造成的后果，这个问题会导致他强迫的友谊没有成功，所以E项符合文意。故选E项。]
3．C　[根据前文“It was my first lesson in understanding my uniqueness，and reminding me that my ‘friends'are somewhere，out there．”可知，作者明白，不需要刻意去结交他人，所以C项符合文意，通过比喻说明自己不再刻意去结交他人。]
4．F　[根据后文可知，本段讲述了大一新生不要做任何需要你为了成为而放弃真实自我的事情，所以F项符合文意。]
5．G　[根据前文“Finally，it might not look like it，but the four，five，or six years you will be in university will pass by really quickly．”以及后文“Perhaps that is DIYs，writing blog posts，participating in club activities in your department，or joining the dance troupe．”可知，前文讲述时间过得很快，后文讲述参加活动，所以空处应是一个过渡句，G项符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故选G项。]
Passage 2
(2024·山东潍坊一模)
It's not so long ago that contactless card payments were exciting and new，but the technology is already old-hat．The new，better way to pay for things in shops By using your phone to make a contactless payment．
Because traditionally，when you have paid with a card tap (轻敲) or using a chip and pin machine，ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details． 1 And this could be a problem — it means that if the shop is hacked (侵入) or plays fast and loose with its data，you could find your card number exposed to the world．
However，when you tap to pay with your device，it generates a unique ID number for that deal and sends that instead．So you can pay for your goods and the shop can get your money． 2 That is to say，phone payments are smarter．
3 If a pickpocket steals your card they can immediately use up the money．But if they get your phone，when the phone goes to pay it will typically perform a biometric check—it will ask for a finger-print or use the camera to look at your face，to check that you are who you say you are．
4 Because of this added security，the limit (限额) is typically higher than for contactless cards．In the UK，it's around ￡100 for most retailers—though some shops including most supermarkets let you spend much more with just a tap of the phone．
Want to give it a try To actually set things up，go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions． 5 Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank．Usually you receive a text message with a special code on it．And then，well，you're done．When you pay，hold your phone over the payment machine，and pay for your goods!
A．It helps to build the client list．
B．The setup process varies with banks．
C．No one needs to share any sensitive data．
D．It's also more effective against the threat of thefts．
E．And phone payments are increasingly convenient too．
F．Typically this starts by scanning your card with your phone．
G．Therefore，it knows which bank account to take the money from．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非接触式手机支付的好处以及设置方式。
1．G　[上文“Because traditionally，when you have paid with a card tap or using a chip and pin machine，ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details．”描述了原因，设空处应是接着说结果。故G项符合语境。]
2．C　[根据上文“However，when you tap to pay with your device...get your money．”可知，支付时形成的ID号码是一次性的也是唯一的，因此个人信息或数据不会被分享出去。故C项符合语境。]
3．D　[根据本段内容可知，本段是说手机支付能防止盗刷钱财。故D项符合语境。]
4．E　[根据空后内容可知，本段是说手机支付的便捷。故E项符合语境。]
5．F　[根据上文“To actually set things up，go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions．”及下文“Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank．”可知，空处是描述设置手机支付的第一步。故F项符合语境。]
Passage 3
(2024·江西宜春一模)
Tips to Turn a Slow Start into Progress
Good health is the most important thing in life，outranking money，education and career．But good health isn't a gift． 1 ．If you're feeling a bit stuck on your New Year's resolutions，we've got tips．
Embrace optimism
2 ．Researchers found there's a strong link between optimism and healthy behaviors．Optimistic people tend to have specific goals and the confidence to reach them．Even if you have a tendency to see the glass half empty，optimism can be learned by imagining your best possible self．Practicing optimism may make you better at it and help you reach your goals．
If you aim to eat better or drink less，your chances of success are higher if the people around you are on board too．People are more likely to reach body weight goals and maintain weight loss if they're not alone．And our moods can be influenced too．So it's helpful to surround yourself with like-minded people and make positive changes in life．
Make small changes in habits
It's easy to wish for the new fitness breakthrough that can help us to great health． 4 ．It's believed that these six habits are tied to a reduced risk of everything from heart disease to dementia：good sleep，eating well，staying active，limiting alcohol，cutting sedentary (久坐不动的) screen time and developing friendships and social connections．A recent study found people who followed most of these habits cut the risk of depression by more than 50%．
Say no to more things
Time is our most precious resource． 5 ．If we live an average life span (寿命)，we're on this planet for only about 4，000 weeks．That means every day is very precious if we're serious about accomplishing new tricks．Do you actually want to commit to starting now If so，ask yourself this：What can I say no to today to clear the time to accomplish my goal
A．Find a group
B．Reset your mind
C．If you begin with a slow start this year，be positive
D．We need to set the goals that are right and suitable for us
E．We have to work for it and the older we get，the more challenges arise
F．To make time for something new，we've got to stop doing something else
G．But the reality is that our daily practice shapes our health a lot more than we might realize
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了把缓慢的开始变成进步的建议。
1．E　[根据上文“Good health is the most important thing in life，outranking money，education and career．But good health isn't a gift．”以及后文“If you're feeling a bit stuck on your New Year's resolutions，we've got tips．”可知，本句承接上文，说明健康不是天赋的原因。故E选项符合语境。]
2．C　[根据后文可知，本段主要讲述了乐观有助于实现目标，C选项中“positive”对应后文“Optimistic”。故C选项符合语境。]
3．A　[根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是找其他志同道合的人一起会更容易实现目标。故A选项符合语境。]
4．G　[根据上文“It's easy to wish for the new fitness breakthrough that can help us to great health．”以及后文“It's believed ...developing friendships and social connections．”可知，锻炼带来的影响不止保持健康，还有其他方面的好处。故G选项符合语境。]
5．F　[根据上文“Time is our most precious resource．”以及后文“If we live an average life span...accomplish my goal？”可知，本段的建议是充分利用时间，腾出时间来完成自己的目标。故F选项符合语境。]
Passage 4
(2024·辽宁鞍山二模)
Historically，only local governments worried about a widespread food crisis，but today，the rapidly rising food prices and the resulting food crisis can quickly be a worldwide phenomenon．Over the next 20 years，the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy． 1 ？
The first solution lies in the combined effect of money and time． 2 ．More than ever，we need the transfer of time and money away from the army and towards creating an international plan to deal with hunger．
3 ．It helps coordinate (使协调) public policies，individual actions，farmer practices and consumer behavior towards common goals．As a result，it is crucial to work on such a strategy．
Another way to solve the crisis is to double food production in developing countries． 4 ．Governmental agencies，non-profit organizations，agricultural scientists，private investors and charitable donors，all must partner together to enhance the capacity of the developing world to meet the great need for food．
While we may not be seeing all the symptoms of food shortage，we must be clear-eyed in our current support of food production．It is obvious that we will face a severe problem，but the problem is solvable． 5 ， we must do it carefully and consistently．
A．Since you think it beneficial to the whole world
B．What about developing economy to solve the crisis
C．If we are to reach our goal and prevent a global food crisis
D．How can we relieve the current crisis and avoid future risks
E．The goal needs an enormous investment in agriculture from various sources
F．Developing a national strategy to reduce food loss and waste is also useful to handle the crisis
G．Some countries like India have realized this fact and are giving more financial support to agriculture
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何缓解当前的粮食危机并避免未来的风险。
1．D　[根据上文“Over the next 20 years，the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy．”可知，粮食危机是全球经济面临的巨大挑战，下文提出了具体的办法，故D项能承接上文，引出下文，符合题意。]
2．G　[根据上文“The first solution lies in the combined effect of money and time．”可知，本空要说跟“金钱和时间”有关的话题，故G项能承接上文，符合题意。]
3．F　[根据下文“It helps coordinate public policies，individual actions，farmer practices and consumer behavior towards common goals．As a result，it is crucial to work on such a strategy．”可知，本空要说跟“国家政策”有关的话题，故F项能引起下文，符合题意。]
4．E　[下文“Governmental agencies，non-profit organizations，agricultural scientists，private investors and charitable donors，all must partner together to enhance the capacity of the developing world to meet the great need for food．”提到各方合作，故E项符合语境。]
5．C　[根据上文“While we may not be seeing all the symptoms of food shortage，we must be clear-eyed in our current support of food production．It is obvious that we will face a severe problem，but the problem is solvable．”可知，接下来要阐述如果要实现这些目标要怎样做，根据后文“we must do it carefully and consistently”可知，本空为从句，故C选项能承上启下，符合题意。]
Passage 1
(2024·福建厦门三模)
Around the globe，about 1 in 4 adults says they're lonely．And the consequences of long-term social disconnection can be everything from an increased risk of heart attacks to dementia (痴呆)．The following offers a road map to make connections．
针对性训练19　阅读七选五——段尾设空题
Be curious．It's easier to connect with people if you have shared interests or experiences，so start paying attention to what's in your mind．What motivates you What excites you 1 If you know what's meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others．
Make something．When experts advise making something，people will say，“Well，I'm not Picasso．I don't know how to do a fancy painting．” Of course，you're not! 2 You can try your grandma's pie recipe or plant an herb garden that puts your thoughts and feelings about who you are and express those thoughts and feelings to others．
3 Share something about yourself．It doesn't have to be the darkest secret of your life，but just something other people might find interesting．Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it's the first step to real connection．
Find a group that matches your interests．Whether it's volunteering for a cause or playing frisbee (飞盘)，try to find others who share your interests．There's even an online group that has a quirky shared interest：a fascination with brown bears in Alaska，which led to Fat Bear Week．In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you． 4 .
Other people's loneliness matters too． 5 If loneliness go unaddressed，people can end up in a world of hurt．If you see someone experiencing loneliness，ask them how they're doing．Share your own experience of loneliness and how you get rid of it．Thus，helping others can also benefit yourself．
A．Pour out your hard feelings．
B．Loneliness can be infectious．
C．Take a risk by having conversations．
D．You should tolerate the risk of being lonely．
E．But the opportunities for creative expression are endless．
F．Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others．
G．Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何建立联系提出了一些建议。
1．F　[根据下文“If you know what's meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others．”可知，空处强调的是了解自己对于建立联系的重要性。F项符合语境。]
2．E　[根据上文“When experts advise making something，people will say，‘Well，I'm not Picasso．I don't know how to do a fancy painting．'Of course，you're not！”以及下文“You can try your grandma's pie recipe or plant an herb garden that puts your thoughts and feelings about who you are and express those thoughts and feelings to others．”可知，此处讲述的是如何进行创造性地表达自己，不需要你是毕加索，创造性表达的机会是无穷无尽的。E项中的“the opportunities for creative expression”和下文的“express those thoughts and feelings to others”对应。E项符合语境。]
3．C　[根据下文“Share something about yourself．It doesn't have to be the darkest secret of your life，but just something other people might find interesting．Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it's the first step to real connection．”可知，本段建议通过冒风险进行对话来建立联系。C项中的“take a risk”和下文中的“a bit of a risk”对应。C项符合语境。]
4．G　[根据上文“In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you．”可知，空处承接上文，指出你在展示自己以后，别人会做出回应，分享他们的故事。G项符合语境。]
5．B　[根据本段主旨句“Other people's loneliness matters too．”可知，本段的关键词是“loneliness”。B项符合语境。]
Passage 2
(2024·安徽池州二模)
Jump to It
Jumping rope is an activity that contributes to a healthy lifestyle and helps meet your fitness and wellness goals．Here's how jumping rope benefits you．
It burns calories．How many calories does jumping rope burn While this depends on your pace on average，you may burn about 100 calories jumping rope for 10 minutes． 1 .
It's easy to do．You can jump rope almost anywhere，making it a great option for on-the-go or when you're traveling．Some people keep the habit of working out in the open air． 2 Being able to pick up a rope is a great option．
It builds bone density(骨密度)．Your bone density decreases as you age．Luckily，jumping rope helps keep your bones strong． 3 The impact or stress from landing after a jump helps strengthen your bones．
It improves your heart and lungs．Jumping rope strengthens your heart and lungs by raising your heart rate quickly．Those who do rope-jumping exercise have better vital capacity． 4 Strong vital capacity contributes to better cardiorespiratory (心和肺的) fitness，which means you can exercise longer with less effort．
It makes you feel good．Did we mention it's fun After exercise，your body will release a special chemical，which can help with depression．Therefore，if you get anxious sometimes，being active can also help calm ourselves down． 5 .
A．Others prefer to work at home．
B．But what if it's raining outside
C．So，skip ahead to the good stuff．
D．It is actually a load-bearing activity．
E．It refers to the amount of air you can breathe out after taking a deep breath．
F．Therefore，as a well-rounded exercise，jumping rope helps with weight loss．
G．However，bend your knees slightly to avoid injuries to ankles and bones when you land．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了跳绳的好处。
1．F　[空前“It burns calories．How many calories does jumping rope burn While this depends on your pace on average，you may burn about 100 calories jumping rope for 10 minutes．”说明了跳绳可以燃烧很多卡路里，燃烧卡路里了就有助于减肥，F项说明了跳绳可以减肥，承接上文的跳绳可以燃烧卡路里，因此F选项承接上文，符合语境。]
2．B　[空前“Some people keep the habit of working out in the open air．”说有些人有在户外锻炼的习惯，空后“Being able to pick up a rope is a great option．”说明跳绳是个好的选择，设空处应该说在什么时候跳绳是个很好的选择，B项提出如果外面下雨，下雨了就可以在室内跳绳，和下文说跳绳是个很好的选择相一致，因此B选项承上启下，符合语境，故选B。]
3．D　[空后“The impact or stress from landing after a jump helps strengthen your bones．”说明跳绳时落地的冲击或压力有助于增强骨骼，这说明跳绳和承重有关，D项说跳绳是一种承重活动，因此引起下文，符合语境。]
4．E　[空前“Jumping rope strengthens your heart and lungs by raising your heart rate quickly．Those who do rope-jumping exercise have better vital capacity．”提出跳绳可以增加人的肺活量，设空处应说肺活量是什么，E项说明了什么是肺活量，因此承接上文，符合语境。]
5．C　[空前“After exercise，your body will release a special chemical，which can help with depression．Therefore，if you get anxious sometimes，being active can also help calm ourselves down．”说明跳绳可以让人心情好，设空处是总结性的话，C项是总结全文，呼吁人们去跳绳，因此承接上文，符合语境。]
Passage 3
(2024·福建泉州三模)
Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide．Short naps，which last from 20 to 30 minutes at the right time，can benefit vitality and overall health in countless ways．
Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory，as well as improve vitality，attention and reaction time． 1 Because napping seems to improve creative thinking，some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms．
What's more，it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day． 2 A study revealed that short naps also helped people become more confident and sensible，which resulted in better focus and efficiency at work．Napping may also lead to an improved ability to learn new skills，such as a golf swing．This is because these memories or skills are strengthened in the brain during sleep．
3 Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies．As a result，our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized．Napping appears to help this process for some people．
4 One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia (睡后迟钝)．This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour．Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night． 5 .
So，to maximize benefits while reducing risks，please keep naps short in the early afternoon to avoid sleep inertia and night-time sleep disruptions．
A．But napping can come with drawbacks as well．
B．The reason for this phenomenon is mostly unknown．
C．Therefore，that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities．
D．Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity．
E．Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases．
F．Napping should not serve as an alternative for enough nighttime rest．
G．Besides，for those aged 60 and up，longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了适当的午睡的好处及午睡时间长的坏处。
1．D　[空前“Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory，as well as improve vitality，attention and reaction time．”提到了短时间午睡带来的好处。空后“Because napping seems to improve creative thinking，some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms．”主要介绍了午睡对于提高生产力以及创造力的好处。所以设空处应承接前文，继续讲述午睡的好处。选项D中“also”一词，表示了继续讲述午睡的好处，符合题意，故选D项。]
2．C　[空前“What's more，it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day．”介绍了午睡带给大脑的好处：大脑能利用此段时间来处理信息。所以设空处应该陈述大脑这样做带来的结果是什么。选项C提到了结果是带来增强解决问题的能力，符合题意。]
3．E　[下文提到了午睡对血压和心率的好处。因此作为段落的首句，应该起总结描述作用，讲述午睡对身体健康包括血压和心率的好处。选项E