阅读七选五——词汇线索
Passage 1
(2024·浙江温州三模)
Is a moviegoer different from a movie lover I'd say so．You can love a movie by watching it at home． 1 ．I've spent a lot of time talking to people about movies．By listening to what they say，I can report they only share one thing in common: they go out．
I've thought about two views of the moviegoer lately．
The first view comes from Roland Barthes．Most often，his moviegoers don't go to the movies for a distinct purpose． 2 ．They are bored．Once they get inside，they can't help but sink into a relaxed state．When they leave the movie theater，these moviegoers don't want to talk to anyone about the movie． 3 ．Barthes sees them as a lonely being，one who is introspective (自省的)．I think some of us use movie theaters to retreat inside ourselves．
The second view comes from the Clark Theater manager，Bruce Trinz．When people go to the movies they go for a certain personal motive．They may want to forget something，or escape from the lives they are leading．Or they may want to see a film they liked years ago． 4 ， they are the hopeless addicts who，quite simply，like movies．The only thing I would challenge in this definition is the word hopeless． 5 ， but they come to the movies filled with hope．They may not be able to define what they hope to experience，but they will know it when they feel it．
A．Whatever motive they have
B．To be a moviegoer，you have to go out
C．The movie also puts them somewhere else
D．They are instead wrapped up in themselves
E．Because moviegoers go in search of beauty
F．Moviegoers may be hopelessly addicted to the movies
G．It's something to do with a response to leisure，free time
Passage 2
(2024·山东枣庄一模)
It's been estimated that people touch their cell phones hundreds of times every day．That means plenty of opportunities for germs to move from our fingers to our phones．
1 But a recent study found more than 17，000 bacterial gene copies on the phones of high school students．
One of the worst places to use cell phones is in the bathroom． 2 Studies have found that our mobile phones are much dirtier than toilet seats．Just as an expert puts it，taking a phone into the bathroom and then leaving with it is kind of like going in，not washing your hands and then coming back out．
While many of us wash our hands regularly after going to the bathroom，we seldom consider washing our hands after touching our phones． 3
You can use alcohol based wipes or sprays to clean your phone regularly．They need to contain at least 70% alcohol to disinfect phone casings and touch screens． 4 Remember to sanitize (消毒) your phone charger occasionally when you are cleaning your phone．And wash your hands thoroughly after you've finished cleaning．
5 Get in the habit of putting your phone away when it's not in use，then cleaning your hands．When not at home，keep your phone in your pocket or bag．Use a disposable paper list of to do items，rather than constantly consulting your phone．
Do not share your phone with others if you have not first sanitized it．If children are allowed to play with your phone，sanitize it as soon as possible afterward．
A．Do it every day if possible．
B．How you handle your phone will also be critical．
C．So it's clear that you keep away from your phone．
D．When toilets flush，they spread germs everywhere．
E．The more germs they collect，the more germs you touch．
F．Research has varied on how many germs are on an average phone．
G．Fortunately，there are easy ways to avoid your phone collecting germs．
Passage 3
(2024·浙江义乌二模)
I am always confused when reading statements like “Princeton University is the number one college in the United States．” Are those who attend Princeton inherently brighter than their peers 1 Or is Princeton the best across all academic subjects overall
I didn't care about college rankings for years until I recently saw something different．This past October，Shanghai Ranking Consultancy unveiled the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023，which assesses universities worldwide across 55 subjects in five disciplines． 2 And this makes it easier for prospective students to choose the best college for their specific subject．
3 When I delved deeper into the methodology behind these rankings，I discovered a complex web of criteria，including academic reputation，research output，and international collaboration． 4 However，they do not capture the entirety of the college experience．Factors like campus culture，extracurricular opportunities，and faculty student interactions can profoundly shape your undergraduate years，yet they often remain unquantifiable in ranking systems．
5 What may be the ideal environment for one student pursuing engineering might not suit another studying literature．It's crucial to consider your personal preferences，career aspirations，and learning style when evaluating potential colleges．While prestigious universities may offer unparalleled resources and networking opportunities，a smaller，lesser known college might provide a more nurturing and supportive environment for your individual growth and development．Ultimately，the best college for you is the one that aligns with your values，ambitions，and vision for the future．
A．The value of a university education goes beyond its ranking．
B．Is Princeton the most beautiful campus all around the world
C．Is Princeton able to produce more geniuses upon graduation
D．That being said，how much weight should be given to these rankings
E．Actually，the concept of a “best” college is subjective and context dependent．
F．These measures provide valuable insights into the academic strength of universities．
G．It is said to employ a more in depth approach to evaluate the performance of universities．
Passage 4
(2024·河北石家庄三模)
Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing，whether it's a loud burst or years of exposure．Approximately 15 percent of adults 18 years of age or older report some trouble hearing． 1 The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life．
Get a baseline hearing test．Most people have never had a hearing test． 2 At your next physical，ask for a hearing test as part of your routine checkup．A hearing test gives your audiologist a baseline that they can compare with future results to monitor the progression of hearing loss．
3 While you are watching TV or using mobile devices，keep the volume at a comfortable level．It should be loud enough to make sure you can hear very well，but not so loud that when you leave the room，you can still hear it from another part of your home．
Wear protective hearing devices．Think ear protection before you're exposed to any noisy environment，such as rock concerts or airports．When you are in a noisy environment，wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones． 4
Have proper earphones．If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device，it's a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal，and block outside noise． 5
A．The risk rises as we age．
B．Monitor the volume of your devices．
C．However，it benefits you to go against that trend．
D．Meanwhile，you will find the sound truly superior．
E．You can find them at your local drugstore or music supply shop．
F．Think about buying appliances and devices that have low noise ratings．
G．You must do something to keep age related hearing loss from getting worse．
1/5 阅读七选五——代词线索
Passage 1
(2024·浙江宁波二模)
The solution to any despair might be hope，experts say．It's believing in a brighter future and acting towards it． 1 Here are strategies that can help cultivate hope．As Hellman，an assistant professor of psychology at Suffolk University in Boston，points out，“Hope begets hope，and it has such a significant protective factor．”
2 Make it a point to always be working towards at least one goal that's meaningful，Hellman advises．In other words，it shouldn't be something you have to do but something you want to do．“Goals can be anything that's important to us，” he says．
Brainstorm solutions．If you've set a goal that's meaningful to you，but you can't figure out a way to achieve it，you'll probably feel pretty hopeless．People who are high in hope，meanwhile，tend to generate lots of ways． 3 If you're struggling to make a plan，Hellman suggests sitting down with a pen and paper and giving yourself an hour to brainstorm solutions．
Seek out success stories．It's said that people cultivate hope by seeking support from their parents and specific teachers．But they also got a lot out of learning about other people who have done well for themselves．Hellman says，“ 4 ”
Tap into your imagination．Hellman thinks of imagination as “the instrument of hope”．Let's say you set a goal for the week．Spend a few minutes reflecting on or talking about what would happen if you achieved it．“How does it impact you，or how would it benefit others？” he says．“ 5 And when you can see yourself in the future，that is the very essence of hope．”
A．Do something meaningful．
B．Think in a goal oriented way．
C．It can be taught and nurtured．
D．With these good examples，people are bound to be successful．
E．By seeing other people succeed，they feel like they could succeed．
F．You and I have this wonderful capacity to play a movie in our head．
G．So，if one doesn't work out，they have an alternative at the ready．
Passage 2
(2024·湖南常德一模)
One thing that's never in short supply at the beginning of each new year 1 But many of us fail to stick with our New Year's resolutions months (or even weeks) after making them．It turns out there are commonly avoided mistakes．That explains why some people always seem to reach their goals while others keep falling short．
2 If you fail to pick the right habit，you aren't likely to accomplish the corresponding goal．Say you want to lose some weight this year，forming a habit of running 30 minutes a day may not help you do that if you don't also form habits related to the foods you eat，because diet affects weight more than exercise． 3 Failure to establish habits that support your goals may cause your resolutions to flop before you begin．
Another common mistake people make when setting goals is becoming overly concerned about the amount of time it will take to form a new habit．There's no one right answer when it comes to how long new habits should take to form． 4 Some people simply adopt new habits faster than other people and that complex habits usually take longer to form．Consider how easy it is to brush your teeth at night compared to reading a full chapter of a book each day．
So the yearly ritual of resolution setting doesn't have to be an annual disappointment．Sometimes，the difference between success and failure is simply choosing the right habits and the process you use to go about achieving it．Most importantly，remember to be kind and flexible with yourself and to celebrate any and all progress along the way． 5
A．Good intentions．
B．Congratulations and best wishes．
C．It's essential to choose a habit you think enjoyable．
D．In other words，you must also readjust your diet．
E．A common error many people make is not choosing right habits．
F．It depends on what habit you're trying to develop and who you are．
G．It's not just the end goal that matters—it's the journey along the way．
Passage 3
(2024·湖南张家界二模)
It's obvious that our society favors the outgoing personality，so being introverted (内向的) has always been seen as something that needs to be “fixed”．However，there is no fault in being introverted． 1
Introverts have hidden powers． 2 While others are busy chatting，introverts observe things most people are unaware of．Sometimes we can even read people．While it may seem introverts are always zoned out，we're actually analyzing and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you．
Introverts also keep the world balanced．In a world that can't stop talking，the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding． 3 By listening to whatever people pour out，introverts help maintain the order of the world．
Introverts can self recharge．Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds，introverts are self recharging powerhouses． 4 Their energy is found through loneliness．
5 In the noise of chatterboxes，their voices often get drowned out．There's nothing more disappointing to an introvert than finally taking advantage of a moment to speak，only to be interrupted by the extroverts (外向者)．While extroverts may speak every thought that comes to mind，an introvert will choose their thoughts carefully and only speak of the ones they think their best to share．So next time，all you have to do is to be willing to listen．
A．Unluckily，introverts are faced with a big challenge．
B．And this is exactly what our introverts are born with．
C．Introverts have shown the potential to be great leaders．
D．Extroverted people would have no one to listen to them．
E．Instead，we should appreciate introverts for various reasons．
F．They don't need to constantly put themselves out there to be lively．
G．Just because we introverts don't say much doesn't always mean we're clueless．
Passage 4
(2024·河北唐山一模)
Despite what most people might think，you really don't need much time to work out．In fact，even ten to twenty minutes of challenging exercise a few times a week is enough to burn fat，build muscle，boost strength，and contribute to a healthy，active lifestyle． 1
But sometimes，the resistance isn't really about the actual time the workout takes．It's about the energy it takes to get ready for it．Maybe your stress levels are over the top，or your energy levels have been so low that you keep talking yourself out of a workout．Or maybe you just don't want to get all sweaty and have to take a shower afterward． 2 In such fast paced life，we're all struggling．But when it comes to exercise，being healthy and fit isn't as black and white as the fitness world tries to make it seem． 3 Doing something is always better than nothing when it comes to movement．Micro workouts，like getting out for a fifteen minute walk instead of doing the strength training workout，are significantly better than doing nothing at all．
4 They are time saving，since they can be done in seconds or in as little time as 15－20 minutes．They require minimum space and equipment．Many can be done at home，in the park，or even while waiting in the checkout line．They are also money saving as these can be done without a gym membership，coach，trainer，or class instructor．
So in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle，make time to move． 5 If all the movements like push ups and pull ups add up，you will still get many of the same benefits of a longer，harder workout．
A．These are understandable excuses．
B．Fitness can be simple，easy and convenient．
C．The advantages of micro workouts are apparent．
D．Try to add in micro workouts throughout the day．
E．No matter how busy you are，you have time to exercise．
F．Micro workouts are being backed up by trainers and science．
G．Being healthy is really more important than you can imagine．
1/1 阅读七选五是阅读部分的第二节，更突出考查考生对文章内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握逻辑关系的能力。该题型要求考生能够准确地理解文章脉络，把握语篇的整体内容和基本结构，厘清上下文的逻辑和语境关系，使补全后的短文逻辑通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 设空位置
主题语境 文章话题 段首 段中 段尾
2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 使用词典的经验、心得与乐趣 1 4 0
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 如何缓解过度旅游 1 3 1
2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 自我原谅 0 4 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 如何开启艺术之旅 1 3 1
2022 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 寻找健身搭档 0 4 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与自我 写文章的技巧 1 4 0
[真题呈现](2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers．If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly． I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典)．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker． 37 Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers．I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus． 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical．It will also usually show how the word is pronounced． In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence．Of course，with its 2，672 pages，it's not exactly short．It contains around 163，000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases． 39 However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there's nothing better． For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755．“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”． 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience． A．I don't often use this dictionary． B．It takes no account of the context． C．But I still don't want to replace them． D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read． E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling． F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes． G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information． Step 1 快速浏览文章，明体裁知大意 本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与获得的乐趣。 Step 2 根据设空位置，结合上下文找关键信息 [设空处在段中] 36．空前一句提到提交完美、专业的原稿对于出版的重要性，后一句讲的是“编辑不太可能容忍不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。 项是对上文的进一步解释，指出提交完美原稿的要求是没有语法和拼写错误。其中That指代上文中的“submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”，no spelling mistakes 与下文中的spell words correctly呼应。 37．空前一句提到，作者不信任笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。 项能够对此解释，并说明作者一直坚持使用词典的原因，承接上文，符合语境。 39．空前提到，作者拥有的the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 包含了大量的词汇、词的组合和习惯用语。空后一句由However引出作者使用the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 的情况。 项与后文“然而，如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法示例，没有比《牛津大词典(简编本)》更好的了”形成转折关系，符合语境。 40．空前提到，编写词典是一项乏味的工作，空后一句讲的是“花几分钟阅读一两页内容可能使你受益”，与空前的内容形成转折关系。由此可知， 项符合语境，pleasure与dull形成对比。 [设空处在段首] 38．本段主要讲述词典的多重作用和功能。空后提到，词典可以提供每个词的精确定义、发音等信息。由此可知， 项符合语境，与下文“It should give．．．”“It will also．．．”构成顺承关系。 Step 3 有的放矢，核对答案 通过上下文中的关键信息仔细对比，再次核对答案。
第一讲 通文章，四条线索过易题
看相似结构
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？There's one answer：36．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience．
．．．
·Practice gratitude (感激)
．．．
·Make yourself wait
．．．
· 39
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances．You should learn to say to yourself，“ 40．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable．”You'll then gradually become more patient．
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
自主解答：
解题分析：
Step 1 观察文章结构，缩小选择范围
由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句，再观察每个段落的首句都是祈使句，故39题的选择范围是A、B、C三项。
Step 2 根据上下文语境，确定答案
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief．．．we get impatient about the circumstances．”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关。
【图解技巧】
看标点符号
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities，but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations． 36 Certainly not．The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world．Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience．
A．Visit during off-peak times．
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else．
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places．
F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it．
G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting．
自主解答：
解题分析：
Step 1 观察后文，缩小选择范围
由“Certainly not”来看，上文应是问句，故36题的选择范围是B、D两项。
Step 2 根据上下文语境，确定答案
根据空后的“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world．”可知，空处应是对旅行的提问。
【图解技巧】
看词汇复现
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)
What is moderation (适度) Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs．You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal，but not too full． 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love．
A．Eat properly throughout the day．
B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger．
C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work．
D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat．
E．Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices．
F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now．
G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan．
自主解答：
解题分析：
Step 1 阅读前后句，确定关键词
首句“What is moderation？”提出了问题，由前文“Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs．You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal，but not too full．”可知，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物，餐后感觉满足但不过量。由此可见moderation是关键词。
Step 2 看选项，寻复现
选项F进一步解释了适度饮食的含义。F选项中的moderation原词复现。
【图解技巧】
看代词线索
【典例】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list． 39 That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through．In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time．
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way．
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself．
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise．
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness．
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it．
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down．
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality．
自主解答：
解题分析：
Step 1 留意前文中的名词或代词
本段主要讲可以请家人或朋友帮忙补充列表。根据空前的“friend or family member”可知，设空处应该讲述他们的做法。
Step 2 关注使用代词的两种情况
使用代词指代法一定要注意两种情况：一是要特别关注选项中的代词，二是要特别关注空格后面句子中的代词。选项C中的“They”指代上文中的“friend or family member”。
【图解技巧】
Passage 1
(2024·安徽合肥一模)
When something goes wrong，do you tend to bounce back or fall apart Here are some strategics to help you manage a personal setback (挫折) and get back on track towards achieving your goal．
·Realize it's normal．Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around．It's normal and expected for setbacks to occur． 1 Knowing this，it's important to anticipate that the main task will be how to effectively manage the setback when it arises．
·Don't deny it．Sometimes it's hard to recognize a setback．The problem can be staring you right in the face，but you may deny there's any cause for alarm． 2 This inability to acknowledge the problem doesn't mean you're stupid．It's just that denial can cloud your awareness of the issue．It's important to be receptive to the honest feedback．
· 3 Stop and consider carefully what went wrong．The most common causes of a setback are personal worries，overconfidence，and poor coping skills．Take a look at any factor that may have contributed to the setback: where you were，who you were with，what you were thinking and feeling．
·Learn from it．Learn from your analysis of the setback，and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time．Each time you fine-tune your plan and put it into action again，you actually improve your odds of eventual success． 4
Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall． 5 After adjusting，you can still make progress towards success again．
A．Don't take it seriously．
B．Analyze what happened．
C．You haven't lost all of the knowledge，skills，and support．
D．In other words，it's not whether a challenge will happen，but it's when．
E．This is because you learn from each misstep to make your plan more effective．
F．Friends or family will voice their concerns，but you still may not be able to accept it．
G．You might even write about past experiences in a journal to guide your future behavior．
Passage 2
(2024·河北张家口三模)
Powerful Benefits of Journaling
When looking for a way to better manage stress and feel your best，consider adding journaling to． 1 It's a pathway to deeper self-understanding，emotional clarity，and psychological recovery．
Practice journaling as therapy(治疗)
By making journaling a regular practice，you create a space for self-reflection that can lead to personal growth and psychological treatment． 2 Once you start，with each word you write，you're taking a step towards a deeper understanding of yourself and moving closer to well-being．
Release and process feelings
3 Journaling provides a private，judgment-free space to explore and express emotions without reservation．This process of externalizing what's inside can be incredibly cathartic (宣泄的)，helping to reduce stress and manage extreme emotions．
Help recognize sources of stress
Think of it as a safe space to express how you feel，leading to a significant decrease in stress levels．Sometimes the first step in building the life you want starts with simple awareness．Journaling gives you a chance to recognize what stresses you out in the first place． 4
Promote mindfulness
Journaling brings your focus to the present．Just like in mindful meditation (冥想)，journaling gives you an outlet to observe thoughts and emotions without judgment．Think of this as an act of self-love，to accept yourself in the present moment just as you are． 5
A．This practice goes beyond just recording daily events．
B．Even just five minutes can help gain some comprehension．
C．Sometimes people find it challenging to express their emotions．
D．This mindfulness aspect provides a crucial tool in reducing stress．
E．Once you notice bad situations，you can remove that source of stress．
F．This can enhance decision-making skills and promote an approach to life's difficulties．
G．To begin your therapeutic journaling journey，the most important aspect is to get started．
1/1 阅读七选五是阅读部分的第二节，更突出考查考生对文章内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握逻辑关系的能力。该题型要求考生能够准确地理解文章脉络，把握语篇的整体内容和基本结构，厘清上下文的逻辑和语境关系，使补全后的短文逻辑通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 设空位置
主题语境 文章话题 段首 段中 段尾
2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 使用词典的经验、心得与乐趣 1 4 0
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 如何缓解过度旅游 1 3 1
2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 自我原谅 0 4 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 如何开启艺术之旅 1 3 1
2022 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 寻找健身搭档 0 4 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与自我 写文章的技巧 1 4 0
[真题呈现](2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers．If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly． I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典)．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker． 37 Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers．I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus． 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical．It will also usually show how the word is pronounced． In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence．Of course，with its 2，672 pages，it's not exactly short．It contains around 163，000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases． 39 However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there's nothing better． For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755．“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”． 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience． A．I don't often use this dictionary． B．It takes no account of the context． C．But I still don't want to replace them． D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read． E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling． F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes． G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information． Step 1 快速浏览文章，明体裁知大意 本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与获得的乐趣。 Step 2 根据设空位置，结合上下文找关键信息 [设空处在段中] 36．空前一句提到提交完美、专业的原稿对于出版的重要性，后一句讲的是“编辑不太可能容忍不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。F项是对上文的进一步解释，指出提交完美原稿的要求是没有语法和拼写错误。其中That指代上文中的“submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”，no spelling mistakes 与下文中的spell words correctly呼应。 37．空前一句提到，作者不信任笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。B项能够对此解释，并说明作者一直坚持使用词典的原因，承接上文，符合语境。 39．空前提到，作者拥有的the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 包含了大量的词汇、词的组合和习惯用语。空后一句由However引出作者使用the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 的情况。A项与后文“然而，如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法示例，没有比《牛津大词典(简编本)》更好的了”形成转折关系，符合语境。 40．空前提到，编写词典是一项乏味的工作，空后一句讲的是“花几分钟阅读一两页内容可能使你受益”，与空前的内容形成转折关系。由此可知，D项符合语境，pleasure与dull形成对比。 [设空处在段首] 38．本段主要讲述词典的多重作用和功能。空后提到，词典可以提供每个词的精确定义、发音等信息。由此可知，E项符合语境，与下文“It should give．．．”“It will also．．．”构成顺承关系。 Step 3 有的放矢，核对答案 通过上下文中的关键信息仔细对比，再次核对答案。
第一讲 通文章，四条线索过易题
看相似结构
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？There's one answer：36．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience．
．．．
·Practice gratitude (感激)
．．．
·Make yourself wait
．．．
· 39
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances．You should learn to say to yourself，“ 40．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable．”You'll then gradually become more patient．
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
自主解答：C
解题分析：
Step 1 观察文章结构，缩小选择范围
由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句，再观察每个段落的首句都是祈使句，故39题的选择范围是A、B、C三项。
Step 2 根据上下文语境，确定答案
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief．．．we get impatient about the circumstances．”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关。
【图解技巧】
看标点符号
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities，but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations． 36 Certainly not．The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world．Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience．
A．Visit during off-peak times．
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else．
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places．
F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it．
G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting．
自主解答：B
解题分析：
Step 1 观察后文，缩小选择范围
由“Certainly not”来看，上文应是问句，故36题的选择范围是B、D两项。
Step 2 根据上下文语境，确定答案
根据空后的“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world．”可知，空处应是对旅行的提问。
【图解技巧】
看词汇复现
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)
What is moderation (适度) Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs．You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal，but not too full． 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love．
A．Eat properly throughout the day．
B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger．
C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work．
D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat．
E．Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices．
F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now．
G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan．
自主解答：F
解题分析：
Step 1 阅读前后句，确定关键词
首句“What is moderation？”提出了问题，由前文“Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs．You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal，but not too full．”可知，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物，餐后感觉满足但不过量。由此可见moderation是关键词。
Step 2 看选项，寻复现
选项F进一步解释了适度饮食的含义。F选项中的moderation原词复现。
【图解技巧】
看代词线索
【典例】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list． 39 That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through．In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time．
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way．
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself．
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise．
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness．
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it．
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down．
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality．
自主解答：C
解题分析：
Step 1 留意前文中的名词或代词
本段主要讲可以请家人或朋友帮忙补充列表。根据空前的“friend or family member”可知，设空处应该讲述他们的做法。
Step 2 关注使用代词的两种情况
使用代词指代法一定要注意两种情况：一是要特别关注选项中的代词，二是要特别关注空格后面句子中的代词。选项C中的“They”指代上文中的“friend or family member”。
【图解技巧】
Passage 1
(2024·安徽合肥一模)
When something goes wrong，do you tend to bounce back or fall apart Here are some strategies to help you manage a personal setback (挫折) and get back on track towards achieving your goal．
·Realize it's normal．Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around．It's normal and expected for setbacks to occur． 1 Knowing this，it's important to anticipate that the main task will be how to effectively manage the setback when it arises．
·Don't deny it．Sometimes it's hard to recognize a setback．The problem can be staring you right in the face，but you may deny there's any cause for alarm． 2 This inability to acknowledge the problem doesn't mean you're stupid．It's just that denial can cloud your awareness of the issue．It's important to be receptive to the honest feedback．
· 3 Stop and consider carefully what went wrong．The most common causes of a setback are personal worries，overconfidence，and poor coping skills．Take a look at any factor that may have contributed to the setback：where you were，who you were with，what you were thinking and feeling．
·Learn from it．Learn from your analysis of the setback，and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time．Each time you fine-tune your plan and put it into action again，you actually improve your odds of eventual success． 4
Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall． 5 After adjusting，you can still make progress towards success again．
A．Don't take it seriously．
B．Analyze what happened．
C．You haven't lost all of the knowledge，skills，and support．
D．In other words，it's not whether a challenge will happen，but it's when．
E．This is because you learn from each misstep to make your plan more effective．
F．Friends or family will voice their concerns，but you still may not be able to accept it．
G．You might even write about past experiences in a journal to guide your future behavior．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些有助于处理个人挫折并回到实现目标的轨道上的策略。
1．D [根据前文“Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around．It's normal and expected for setbacks to occur．”可知，此处是指挫折大概率是会发生的，只是早晚的区别。所以选项D符合文意。]
2．F [根据前文“Sometimes it's hard to recognize a setback．The problem can be staring you right in the face，but you may deny there's any cause for alarm．”可知，此处是指即使朋友或家人提醒你，你也可能无法承认问题的存在，所以选项F符合文意。]
3．B [根据后文“Stop and consider carefully what went wrong．”可知，此处是指分析发生的事情，所以选项B“分析发生了什么。”符合文意。]
4．E [根据前文“Learn from it．Learn from your analysis of the setback．．．you actually improve your odds of eventual success．”可知，此处是指从挫折中吸取的教训会让你的计划更高效，所以选项E符合文意。]
5．C [根据前文“Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall．”和后文“After adjusting，you can still make progress towards success again．”可知，此处是讲即使面对挫折你仍然具有的优势，所以选项C“You haven't lost all of the knowledge，skills，and support．(你并没有失去所有的知识、技能和支持。)”切合文意。]
Passage 2
(2024·河北张家口三模)
Powerful Benefits of Journaling
When looking for a way to better manage stress and feel your best，consider adding journaling to． 1 It's a pathway to deeper self-understanding，emotional clarity，and psychological recovery．
Practice journaling as therapy(治疗)
By making journaling a regular practice，you create a space for self-reflection that can lead to personal growth and psychological treatment． 2 Once you start，with each word you write，you're taking a step towards a deeper understanding of yourself and moving closer to well-being．
Release and process feelings
3 Journaling provides a private，judgment-free space to explore and express emotions without reservation．This process of externalizing what's inside can be incredibly cathartic (宣泄的)，helping to reduce stress and manage extreme emotions．
Help recognize sources of stress
Think of it as a safe space to express how you feel，leading to a significant decrease in stress levels．Sometimes the first step in building the life you want starts with simple awareness．Journaling gives you a chance to recognize what stresses you out in the first place． 4
Promote mindfulness
Journaling brings your focus to the present．Just like in mindful meditation (冥想)，journaling gives you an outlet to observe thoughts and emotions without judgment．Think of this as an act of self-love，to accept yourself in the present moment just as you are． 5
A．This practice goes beyond just recording daily events．
B．Even just five minutes can help gain some comprehension．
C．Sometimes people find it challenging to express their emotions．
D．This mindfulness aspect provides a crucial tool in reducing stress．
E．Once you notice bad situations，you can remove that source of stress．
F．This can enhance decision-making skills and promote an approach to life's difficulties．
G．To begin your therapeutic journaling journey，the most important aspect is to get started．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用写日记的方法减压的几种好处。
1．A [上文“When looking for a way to better manage stress and feel your best，consider adding journaling to．”提到把写日记加入你的日常健康计划中。A项“This practice goes beyond just recording daily events．(这种做法不仅仅是记录日常事件。)”与上句衔接，并与下句“It's a pathway to deeper self-understanding，emotional clarity，and psychological recovery．(这是一条通往更深层次的自我理解、情感清晰和心理康复的途径。)”构成递进关系。This practice 指代上句中“写日记”的方法。]
2．G [根据小标题“Practice journaling as therapy”可知，本段主要说明了把写日记作为一种治疗，G项中的“is to get started”与下文“Once you start”相呼应。G选项符合语境。]
3．C [本段小标题“Release and process feelings”说明写日记可以释放情绪并解决情绪问题。根据后文“Journaling provides a private，judgment-free space to explore and．．．helping to reduce stress and manage extreme emotions．”可知，本句与后文构成顺承关系，指出表达情感存在挑战。故C项符合语境。]
4．E [根据本段小标题及上句“Journaling gives you a chance to recognize what stresses you out in the first place．”可知，上文提到了首先要弄清楚压力的来源，E项与上句衔接合理，符合语境。]
5．D [根据本段小标题“Promote mindfulness”可知，本段介绍了写日记可以促进正念心态，D项是对本段的归纳和总结，符合语境。]
阅读七选五——词汇线索
Passage 1
(2024·浙江温州三模)
Is a moviegoer different from a movie-lover I'd say so．You can love a movie by watching it at home． 1 ．I've spent a lot of time talking to people about movies．By listening to what they say，I can report they only share one thing in common：they go out．
I've thought about two views of the moviegoer lately．
The first view comes from Roland Barthes．Most often，his moviegoers don't go to the movies for a distinct purpose． 2 ．They are bored．Once they get inside，they can't help but sink into a relaxed state．When they leave the movie theater，these moviegoers don't want to talk to anyone about the movie． 3 ．Barthes sees them as a lonely being，one who is introspective (自省的)．I think some of us use movie theaters to retreat inside ourselves．
The second view comes from the Clark Theater manager，Bruce Trinz．When people go to the movies they go for a certain personal motive．They may want to forget something，or escape from the lives they are leading．Or they may want to see a film they liked years ago． 4 ， they are the hopeless addicts who，quite simply，like movies．The only thing I would challenge in this definition is the word hopeless． 5 ， but they come to the movies filled with hope．They may not be able to define what they hope to experience，but they will know it when they feel it．
A．Whatever motive they have
B．To be a moviegoer，you have to go out
C．The movie also puts them somewhere else
D．They are instead wrapped up in themselves
E．Because moviegoers go in search of beauty
F．Moviegoers may be hopelessly addicted to the movies
G．It's something to do with a response to leisure，free time
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于电影观众和电影爱好者两者的不同之处的两个观点。
1．B [根据上文“Is a moviegoer different from a movie-lover I'd say so．You can love a movie by watching it at home．”以及下文“By listening to what they say，I can report they only share one thing in common：they go out．”可知，设空处说明的是电影观众应是什么样的。选项B能够承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。]
2．G [根据空前“Most often，his moviegoers don't go to the movies for a distinct purpose．”以及空后“They are bored．Once they get inside，they can't help but sink into a relaxed state．”可知，空格处进一步解释说明电影观众没有明确的目的。选项G能够承上启下。]
3．D [根据空前“When they leave the movie theater，these moviegoers don't want to talk to anyone about the movie．”可知，设空处应该说明的是电影观众离开电影院时的表现。选项D承接上文。]
4．A [根据上文“They may want to forget something，or escape from the lives they are leading．Or they may want to see a film they liked years ago．”以及空后“they are the hopeless addicts who，quite simply，like movies”可知，设空处应说明的是不管他们有着什么目的，他们只是喜欢电影。选项A能够承上启下。]
5．F [根据空前“The only thing I would challenge in this definition is the word hopeless．”以及空后“but they come to the movies filled with hope”可知，空格处与“hopeless”有关，且与下文为转折关系。选项F与下文为转折关系，符合语境。故选F。]
Passage 2
(2024·山东枣庄一模)
It's been estimated that people touch their cell phones hundreds of times every day．That means plenty of opportunities for germs to move from our fingers to our phones．
1 But a recent study found more than 17，000 bacterial gene copies on the phones of high school students．
One of the worst places to use cell phones is in the bathroom． 2 Studies have found that our mobile phones are much dirtier than toilet seats．Just as an expert puts it，taking a phone into the bathroom and then leaving with it is kind of like going in，not washing your hands and then coming back out．
While many of us wash our hands regularly after going to the bathroom，we seldom consider washing our hands after touching our phones． 3
You can use alcohol-based wipes or sprays to clean your phone regularly．They need to contain at least 70% alcohol to disinfect phone casings and touch screens． 4 Remember to sanitize (消毒) your phone charger occasionally when you are cleaning your phone．And wash your hands thoroughly after you've finished cleaning．
5 Get in the habit of putting your phone away when it's not in use，then cleaning your hands．When not at home，keep your phone in your pocket or bag．Use a disposable paper list of to-do items，rather than constantly consulting your phone．
Do not share your phone with others if you have not first sanitized it．If children are allowed to play with your phone，sanitize it as soon as possible afterward．
A．Do it every day if possible．
B．How you handle your phone will also be critical．
C．So it's clear that you keep away from your phone．
D．When toilets flush，they spread germs everywhere．
E．The more germs they collect，the more germs you touch．
F．Research has varied on how many germs are on an average phone．
G．Fortunately，there are easy ways to avoid your phone collecting germs．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些让手机保持清洁的方法。
1．F [根据空后“But a recent study found more than 17，000 bacterial gene copies on the phones of high school students．”可知，本句主要引出后文关于手机上有多少细菌的话题，故F项符合语境。]
2．D [根据空前“One of the worst places to use cell phones is in the bathroom．”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明为什么卫生间是最不适合使用手机的地方之一。故D项符合语境。]
3．G [根据空前“While many of us wash our hands regularly after going to the bathroom，we seldom consider washing our hands after touching our phones．”以及下一段中“You can use alcohol-based wipes or sprays to clean your phone regularly．”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出可以避免手机上的细菌。故G项符合语境。]
4．A [根据空前“You can use alcohol-based wipes or sprays to clean your phone regularly．They need to contain at least 70% alcohol to disinfect phone casings and touch screens．”可知，上文提到了用酒精给手机消毒，故本句承接上文，说明消毒的频率。故A项符合语境。]
5．B [根据后文可知，本段主要讲述了如何使用手机来避免细菌。故B选项“如何使用手机也很关键。”符合语境。]
Passage 3
(2024·浙江义乌二模)
I am always confused when reading statements like “Princeton University is the number one college in the United States．” Are those who attend Princeton inherently brighter than their peers 1 Or is Princeton the best across all academic subjects overall
I didn't care about college rankings for years until I recently saw something different．This past October，Shanghai Ranking Consultancy unveiled the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023，which assesses universities worldwide across 55 subjects in five disciplines． 2 And this makes it easier for prospective students to choose the best college for their specific subject．
3 When I delved deeper into the methodology behind these rankings，I discovered a complex web of criteria，including academic reputation，research output，and international collaboration． 4 However，they do not capture the entirety of the college experience．Factors like campus culture，extracurricular opportunities，and faculty-student interactions can profoundly shape your undergraduate years，yet they often remain unquantifiable in ranking systems．
5 What may be the ideal environment for one student pursuing engineering might not suit another studying literature．It's crucial to consider your personal preferences，career aspirations，and learning style when evaluating potential colleges．While prestigious universities may offer unparalleled resources and networking opportunities，a smaller，lesser-known college might provide a more nurturing and supportive environment for your individual growth and development．Ultimately，the best college for you is the one that aligns with your values，ambitions，and vision for the future．
A．The value of a university education goes beyond its ranking．
B．Is Princeton the most beautiful campus all around the world
C．Is Princeton able to produce more geniuses upon graduation
D．That being said，how much weight should be given to these rankings
E．Actually，the concept of a “best” college is subjective and context-dependent．
F．These measures provide valuable insights into the academic strength of universities．
G．It is said to employ a more in-depth approach to evaluate the performance of universities．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了对大学排名的质疑。
1．C [上文“I am always confused when reading statements like．．．who attend Princeton inherently brighter than their peers？”及下文“Or is Princeton the best across all academic subjects overall？”说明作者对“普林斯顿大学是美国第一大学”这样的说法表示质疑，所以一连问了一系列的问题，选项C是对此质疑的问题中的一个。]
2．G [上文“This past October，Shanghai Ranking Consultancy unveiled the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023，which assesses universities worldwide across 55 subjects in five disciplines．”说明某公司对大学进行了评估，选项G承接上文，说明据说评估的方法更深入。]
3．D [上文“And this makes it easier for prospective students to choose the best college for their specific subject．”说明有人认为大学排名使未来的学生更容易为他们的特定专业选择最好的大学，选项D承接上文，作者对这些排名到底占多少权重进行质疑。]
4．F [上文“When I delved deeper into the methodology behind these rankings，I discovered a complex web of criteria，including academic reputation，research output，and international collaboration．”说明排名的方法有复杂的标准网络，包括许多方面，选项F承接上文，说明这些排名对衡量大学有一定的意义。]
5．E [下文“What may be the ideal environment．．．the best college for you is the one that aligns with your values，ambitions，and vision for the future．”说明“最好”的大学概念并不是客观的，要具体情况具体分析，选项E能概括本段主题，是本段主旨句。]
Passage 4
(2024·河北石家庄三模)
Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing，whether it's a loud burst or years of exposure．Approximately 15 percent of adults 18 years of age or older report some trouble hearing． 1 The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life．
Get a baseline hearing test．Most people have never had a hearing test． 2 At your next physical，ask for a hearing test as part of your routine checkup．A hearing test gives your audiologist a baseline that they can compare with future results to monitor the progression of hearing loss．
3 While you are watching TV or using mobile devices，keep the volume at a comfortable level．It should be loud enough to make sure you can hear very well，but not so loud that when you leave the room，you can still hear it from another part of your home．
Wear protective hearing devices．Think ear protection before you're exposed to any noisy environment，such as rock concerts or airports．When you are in a noisy environment，wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones． 4
Have proper earphones．If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device，it's a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal，and block outside noise． 5
A．The risk rises as we age．
B．Monitor the volume of your devices．
C．However，it benefits you to go against that trend．
D．Meanwhile，you will find the sound truly superior．
E．You can find them at your local drugstore or music supply shop．
F．Think about buying appliances and devices that have low noise ratings．
G．You must do something to keep age-related hearing loss from getting worse．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保护听力的一些措施。
1．A [前文“Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing，whether it's a loud burst or years of exposure．Approximately 15 percent of adults 18 years of age or older report some trouble hearing．”表示巨大的噪音对我们的听力造成损害，后文“The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life．”进行逻辑转折，表示这是可以预防的，A选项与前文描述听力损失的现象一致，进一步说明风险会随着衰老而变大。故选A。]
2．C [空前“Most people have never had a hearing test．”表示大多数人从来没有进行过听力测试，且后文“At your next physical，ask for a hearing test as part of your routine checkup．”同样表明应进行听力测试，C选项表示进行听力测试对自己有好处，承上启下，与前文进行转折，引出下文。故选C。]
3．B [空后“While you are watching TV or using mobile devices，keep the volume at a comfortable level．”表示应监测音量大小来保护听力，B项“Monitor the volume of your devices．(监控设备的音量。)”可以概括本段主旨。故选B。]
4．E [空前“When you are in a noisy environment，wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones．”表示在嘈杂环境中应佩戴耳塞或者耳机来保护耳朵，E选项表示如何购买这些物品，them指代前一句中的“protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones”。]
5．D [空前“If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device，it's a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal，and block outside noise．”表示应选择合适的耳机，D选项表示选择合适耳机的另外的好处，是前一句的补充说明。]
阅读七选五——代词线索
Passage 1
(2024·浙江宁波二模)
The solution to any despair might be hope，experts say．It's believing in a brighter future and acting towards it． 1 Here are strategies that can help cultivate hope．As Hellman，an assistant professor of psychology at Suffolk University in Boston，points out，“Hope begets hope，and it has such a significant protective factor．”
2 Make it a point to always be working towards at least one goal that's meaningful，Hellman advises．In other words，it shouldn't be something you have to do but something you want to do．“Goals can be anything that's important to us，” he says．
Brainstorm solutions．If you've set a goal that's meaningful to you，but you can't figure out a way to achieve it，you'll probably feel pretty hopeless．People who are high in hope，meanwhile，tend to generate lots of ways． 3 If you're struggling to make a plan，Hellman suggests sitting down with a pen and paper and giving yourself an hour to brainstorm solutions．
Seek out success stories．It's said that people cultivate hope by seeking support from their parents and specific teachers．But they also got a lot out of learning about other people who have done well for themselves．Hellman says，“ 4 ”
Tap into your imagination．Hellman thinks of imagination as “the instrument of hope”．Let's say you set a goal for the week．Spend a few minutes reflecting on or talking about what would happen if you achieved it．“How does it impact you，or how would it benefit others？” he says．“ 5 And when you can see yourself in the future，that is the very essence of hope．”
A．Do something meaningful．
B．Think in a goal-oriented way．
C．It can be taught and nurtured．
D．With these good examples，people are bound to be successful．
E．By seeing other people succeed，they feel like they could succeed．
F．You and I have this wonderful capacity to play a movie in our head．
G．So，if one doesn't work out，they have an alternative at the ready．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养希望的策略。
1．C [根据空前“The solution to any despair might be hope，experts say．It's believing in a brighter future and acting towards it．”以及空后“Here are strategies that can help cultivate hope．”可知，本句主要启示后文，指出希望可以被培养，C项中“It”对应上文中“hope”。故C项符合语境。]
2．B [根据空后“Make it a point to always be working towards at least one goal that's meaningful，Hellman advises．In other words，it shouldn't be something you have to do but something you want to do．‘Goals can be anything that's important to us，'he says．”可知，本段的主旨是通过制定目标来采取行动，故B项符合语境。]
3．G [根据空前“Brainstorm solutions．．．meanwhile，tend to generate lots of ways．”可知，设空处承接上文，构成因果关系，指出想出很多办法的结果。故G项符合语境。]
4．E [根据空前“Seek out success stories．．．who have done well for themselves．Hellman says，”可知，本句主要引用Hellman关于寻找成功事迹的言论和论点，故E选项“By seeing other people succeed，they feel like they could succeed．(看到别人成功，他们觉得自己也能成功。)”符合语境。]
5．F [根据空前“Tap into your imagination．．．he says．”以及空后“And when you can see yourself in the future，that is the very essence of hope．”可知，本段的主旨是在大脑中发挥想象力，从而获得希望。故F项符合语境，故选F。]
Passage 2
(2024·湖南常德一模)
One thing that's never in short supply at the beginning of each new year 1 But many of us fail to stick with our New Year's resolutions months (or even weeks) after making them．It turns out there are commonly avoided mistakes．That explains why some people always seem to reach their goals while others keep falling short．
2 If you fail to pick the right habit，you aren't likely to accomplish the corresponding goal．Say you want to lose some weight this year，forming a habit of running 30 minutes a day may not help you do that if you don't also form habits related to the foods you eat，because diet affects weight more than exercise． 3 Failure to establish habits that support your goals may cause your resolutions to flop before you begin．
Another common mistake people make when setting goals is becoming overly concerned about the amount of time it will take to form a new habit．There's no one right answer when it comes to how long new habits should take to form． 4 Some people simply adopt new habits faster than other people and that complex habits usually take longer to form．Consider how easy it is to brush your teeth at night compared to reading a full chapter of a book each day．
So the yearly ritual of resolution setting doesn't have to be an annual disappointment．Sometimes，the difference between success and failure is simply choosing the right habits and the process you use to go about achieving it．Most importantly，remember to be kind and flexible with yourself and to celebrate any and all progress along the way． 5
A．Good intentions．
B．Congratulations and best wishes．
C．It's essential to choose a habit you think enjoyable．
D．In other words，you must also readjust your diet．
E．A common error many people make is not choosing right habits．
F．It depends on what habit you're trying to develop and who you are．
G．It's not just the end goal that matters—it's the journey along the way．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了无法实现制定的目标的原因，指出了选择正确的习惯并坚持下去的重要性。
1．A [根据空前“One thing that's never in short supply at the beginning of each new year？”可知，设空处应该是对该句所提问题的回答；结合下一句可知，在新年伊始就不会缺少的东西应该是制定的计划、目标，选项A符合这层含义，承上启下。]
2．E [根据第一段中“It turns out there are commonly avoided mistakes．”和第三段第一句可知，设空处应该描述了人们在设定目标时常犯的一个错误；选项E指出了人们常犯的一个错误是没有选择正确的习惯，空后一句进一步说明了没有选择正确的习惯会造成的结果，衔接合理，符合语境。]
3．D [根据上一句可知，如果想要减肥，就要重新调整现在的饮食，养成良好的饮食习惯；选项D与其语义相符，更明确地解释了上文。]
4．F [根据空前一句和空后一句可知，不同的人和不同的习惯所需要的时间都是不同的，选项F中的“It”指代上一句中所提到的“how long new habits should take to form”，指出了习惯养成的时间取决于不同的人和不同的习惯，与下一句意思相符，下一句是对选项F的具体说明。]
5．G [根据空前一句可知，在实现目标的过程中要善待自己，并庆祝自己的每一个进步。选项G强调了在实现目标时要关注整个过程，是对上一句的补充说明和总结，符合语境。]
Passage 3
(2024·湖南张家界二模)
It's obvious that our society favors the outgoing personality，so being introverted (内向的) has always been seen as something that needs to be “fixed”．However，there is no fault in being introverted． 1
Introverts have hidden powers． 2 While others are busy chatting，introverts observe things most people are unaware of．Sometimes we can even read people．While it may seem introverts are always zoned out，we're actually analyzing and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you．
Introverts also keep the world balanced．In a world that can't stop talking，the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding． 3 By listening to whatever people pour out，introverts help maintain the order of the world．
Introverts can self-recharge．Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds，introverts are self-recharging powerhouses． 4 Their energy is found through loneliness．
5 In the noise of chatterboxes，their voices often get drowned out．There's nothing more disappointing to an introvert than finally taking advantage of a moment to speak，only to be interrupted by the extroverts (外向者)．While extroverts may speak every thought that comes to mind，an introvert will choose their thoughts carefully and only speak of the ones they think their best to share．So next time，all you have to do is to be willing to listen．
A．Unluckily，introverts are faced with a big challenge．
B．And this is exactly what our introverts are born with．
C．Introverts have shown the potential to be great leaders．
D．Extroverted people would have no one to listen to them．
E．Instead，we should appreciate introverts for various reasons．
F．They don't need to constantly put themselves out there to be lively．
G．Just because we introverts don't say much doesn't always mean we're clueless．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了内向性格的特点、优势以及面临的挑战，旨在纠正社会对内向性格的偏见，并强调了其积极的一面。
1．E [根据空前“However，there is no fault in being introverted．”可知，作者认为内向性格没有过错。选项E延续上文内容，指出内向并没有错，同时引出下文对内向性格的优点的介绍。]
2．G [根据空后“While others are busy ．．．and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you．”可知，内向的人不说话有可能是在思考或分析。选项G与下文内容相符，指的是内向的人不说话并不意味着内向的人毫无头绪，他们只是在思考。故选G。]
3．B [根据空后“By listening to whatever people pour out，introverts help maintain the order of the world．”可知，内向的人会倾听别人的倾诉。选项B中的“this”指的是上文“In a world that can't stop talking，the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding．”中的“the ability to listen to what each other has to say”，也就是倾听的能力，同时引出下文，这种特质可以让内向的人维持世界的秩序。]
4．F [根据空前“Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds，introverts are self-recharging powerhouses．”以及空后“Their energy is found through loneliness．”可知，外向的人和内向的人获得能量的方式不同。选项F延续上文内容，指的是内向的人自我充电，不需要表现活泼，他们的能量来自自己。]
5．A [根据下文可知，本段主要讲述的是内向的人的声音经常被淹没，由此可知，这是内向的人所面临的挑战。选项A与本段内容相符，指的是内向的人有一个巨大的挑战。]
Passage 4
(2024·河北唐山一模)
Despite what most people might think，you really don't need much time to work out．In fact，even ten to twenty minutes of challenging exercise a few times a week is enough to burn fat，build muscle，boost strength，and contribute to a healthy，active lifestyle． 1
But sometimes，the resistance isn't really about the actual time the workout takes．It's about the energy it takes to get ready for it．Maybe your stress levels are over the top，or your energy levels have been so low that you keep talking yourself out of a workout．Or maybe you just don't want to get all sweaty and have to take a shower afterward． 2 In such fast-paced life，we're all struggling．But when it comes to exercise，being healthy and fit isn't as black and white as the fitness world tries to make it seem． 3 Doing something is always better than nothing when it comes to movement．Micro workouts，like getting out for a fifteen-minute walk instead of doing the strength training workout，are significantly better than doing nothing at all．
4 They are time-saving，since they can be done in seconds or in as little time as 15－20 minutes．They require minimum space and equipment．Many can be done at home，in the park，or even while waiting in the checkout line．They are also money-saving as these can be done without a gym membership，coach，trainer，or class instructor．
So in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle，make time to move． 5 If all the movements like push-ups and pull-ups add up，you will still get many of the same benefits of a longer，harder workout．
A．These are understandable excuses．
B．Fitness can be simple，easy and convenient．
C．The advantages of micro workouts are apparent．
D．Try to add in micro workouts throughout the day．
E．No matter how busy you are，you have time to exercise．
F．Micro workouts are being backed up by trainers and science．
G．Being healthy is really more important than you can imagine．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，尽管许多人认为需要长时间锻炼才能保持健康，但实际上，每周几次的10至20分钟高强度锻炼就足以燃烧脂肪、增强肌肉、提高力量，并促进健康活跃的生活方式。
1．E [上文“Despite what most people might think．．．build muscle，boost strength，and contribute to a healthy，active lifestyle．”提出锻炼其实不需要太多时间，每周几次10到20分钟的具有挑战性的运动即可。E项承接上文，构成因果关系，因为锻炼其实不需要太多时间，所以不管有多忙，你都有时间锻炼，上下文语意连贯。]
2．A [上文“Maybe your stress levels are over the top，or your energy levels have been so low that you keep talking yourself out of a workout．Or maybe you just don't want to get all sweaty and have to take a shower afterward．”列举了人们不想锻炼的几个借口，A项是对上文的总结，句中“These”指代上文列举的内容。]
3．B [结合前文观点和上文“But when it comes to exercise，being healthy and fit isn't as black and white as the fitness world tries to make it seem．”可知，健康和健美并非像健身界所说的那样，一定花很多时间和精力来坚持，B项承接上文，明确观点：健身可以简单、轻松、方便，并不复杂，与本文主题一致。]
4．C [下文“They are time-saving．．．class instructor．”详细介绍了微锻炼的优点，是对C项内容的说明。C项为段首主题句。]
5．D [上文“So in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle，make time to move．”提出腾出时间运动的建议，D项承接上文，进一步提出逐渐增加锻炼内容的要求，下文“If all the movements like push-ups and pull-ups add up，you will still get many of the same benefits of a longer，harder workout．”说明这样做的结果，上下文语意连贯。]
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