语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，将语法考查提高到语篇层次，在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语言知识理解语篇的能力。
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 命题考点
有提示词类 无提示词类
主题 语境 文章 话题 动词 (谓语和 非谓语) 词性/ 词形 转换 名词 单复数、 所有格 形容词/副 词的比较/ 最高等级 代 词 三大从 句和并 列连词 冠词 介词 代词/ 数词
2024 新课 标Ⅰ 卷 说明文 人与 社会 英国“丝绸之路” 花园的整体设计 以及玻璃温室 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
新课 标Ⅱ 卷 说明文 人与 社会 当“莎士比亚” 遇上“汤显祖” 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 小笼包 4 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 教熊猫饲 养员学英语 2 3 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
2022 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 自然 筹建大熊 猫国家公园 4 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 救援 4 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
3年统计 21 13 5 0 1 10 5 5 0
[真题呈现](2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens．This beautiful structure，named Glasshouse，is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times． The latest 56． (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57． (function) structure that is also beautiful．The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝)．These sepals open on warm days 58． (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air．In cold weather，the structure stays 59． (close) to protect the plants． Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60． (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61． first time．These plants included modern Western 62． (favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel．The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road．The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see，too． The Glasshouse stands 63． a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64． brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65． (rich) of gardening in England． Step 1 通读全文，感知大意 文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能，以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 Step 2 细读文章，根据语境填空 [有提示词类] 56．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词techniques，表示性质和特征，意为“工程(设计)”。故填 。 57．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词structure，结合句意可知，此处表示“实用的”，应用形容词。故填 。 58．考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词open，且设空处和谓语动词之间没有连接词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填 。 59．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，本句为主系表结构，stays为连系动词，设空处作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“关闭的”，应用形容词形式。故填 。 60．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，本句为主从复合句，设空处在主句中作谓语，根据语境和下文中的“The garden also contains．．．”可知，此处表示客观陈述，应用一般现在时；主语为单数形式，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 。 62．考查名词的数。分析句子成分可知，设空处作included的宾语，且被形容词modern和 Western 修饰，应用名词；根据下文的“such as rosemary，lavender and fennel”可知，此处应填名词复数形式。favourite用作名词，意为“最喜爱的事物”，为可数名词，故填 。 65．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作 define的宾语，且被much of 和定冠词 the修饰，应用名词形式，richness 意为“丰富，富饶”，为不可数名词。故填 。 [无提示词类] 61．考查冠词。for the first time为固定用法，表示“第一次”。故填 。 63．考查介词。stand在此处作不及物动词，表示“处于某种地位”，此处表示“这座温室是一项伟大成就”，设空处表示“作为”。故填 。 64．考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填 。
类型一 有提示词类
第一节 有提示词之谓语动词与非谓语动词
考点一 谓语动词
谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致
热点考向一 如何判定使用谓语动词
【步骤】
Step 1 判定是否使用谓语动词
分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
Step 2 若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)
②看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)
③看人称和数，确保主谓一致
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion，60．inspired(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion，61． (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace．
【解析】
Step 1 确定是否填谓语动词
该句为简单句，a six-meter-tall pavilion为主语，句中缺谓语动词，故该空应该为主句的谓语动词。
Step 2 考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
根据上下文可知，根据“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；build与主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
自主解答：
热点考向二 确定使用何种谓语动词——时态、语态及主谓一致
确定时态的四依据
1 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
1．看到often，usually，always，every time，sometimes等时间状语时， 要想到用一般现在时。
2．看到previously，yesterday，last year，in＋过去时间， the other day，two days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语时，要想到用一般过去时。
3．看到tomorrow，next year，in a week，in the future，soon等时间状语时，要想到用一般将来时。
4．看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语时，要想到用现在进行时。
5．看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now/to date，for＋时间段， ever since．．．等时间状语时，要想到用现在完成时。
6．看到by then，by the end of．．．等时间状语时，要想到用过去完成时。
【典例1】(2023· 新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl，I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up．
【解析】考查动词时态。本句是一个复合句，从句中的谓语动词为grew up；主句中缺少谓语动词，故所给动词wish应为谓语动词；wish和主语I之间是主动关系，根据“As a little girl”和后文的grew可知，用一般过去时。故填 。
【典例2】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58． (be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59．to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，且在从句中作主语，根据主谓一致原则，从句谓语用复数形式；根据“previously (以前)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。故填 。
2 瞻前顾后找并列
1．可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
2．同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。
【典例1】There，he not only did well as a student but also (become) an accomplished public speaker．
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，not only与but also连接的是两个并列谓语，not only后用了一般过去时(did)，but also后也应该使用一般过去时。故填 。
【典例2】When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist，they smiled and (point) down the river．
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列谓语，根据上文“they smiled”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 。
3 通过“常用句式”法
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。例如：
1．was/were doing sth．when sb．did．．．
2．had (just) done sth．when＋一般过去时
3．This/It/That is the first/second．．．time that sb．has/have done．．．
4．This/It/That was the first/second．．．time that sb．had done．．．
5．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
6．It's (high) time that．．．did/should do sth．(should不能省略)
【典例1】(2024·郑州模拟)It is the first time in the history that the Chinese team
(achieve) such a good result in the Games．
【解析】考查动词的时态。此题为固定句式 “It is the first time that sb．has done sth．”，因此，从句用现在完成时。故填 。
【典例2】(2024·青岛模拟)I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you (feel) better．”
【解析】考查动词的时态。此题为固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。陈述句用一般将来时。故填 。
【典例3】(2024·淄博模拟)Now it is high time that we (take)action to protect animals．After all，to save them means to save ourselves．
【解析】考查动词的时态。此题考查固定句式“It's (high) time that．．．did/should do sth．”。故填 。
4 通过“语境暗示”法
分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 在没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境，即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
【典例1】(2023·浙江1月卷改编)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．
【解析】考查动词的时态。该句为简单句，且所给词为该句的谓语动词；该句没有标志性的时间状语，通过正确理解语境可知，该处表示过去的事，空处应用一般过去时。故填 。
【典例2】This style of farming lasted for quite a long time．Then，with the rise of science，changes began．New methods (mean) that fewer people worked in farming．
【解析】考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主动关系，同时前两句的时态为一般过去时，此处也用一般过去时。故填 。
明确逻辑关系定语态
动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：
1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语， 若与主语之间是主动关系， 应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
2．被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词， 情态动词＋be done。
3．做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。
【典例1】(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place
【解析】考查动词的语态。应该怎么处理这么美丽的地方呢？主语What与do with之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词should后接动词原形。故填 。
【典例2】(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information．
【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述人们的普遍认知用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，故也可使用现在完成时；动词-ing形式短语作主语，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；主谓之间存在被动关系。故填 。
【典例3】Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children．And，as more children were born，more food (need)．
【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，主语more food为不可数名词词组，be动词用was。故填 。
确定主谓一致的三原则
1 语法一致
1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。
2．由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
3．动词-ing形式、动词不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
【典例1】(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，58．surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City．Citizens of higher social classes 59． (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles．
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，是过去发生的事情；较高阶层的人“被允许”居住在更接近同心圆的中心的区域，用被动语态；主语Citizens是复数形式，故填 。
【典例2】(2022·浙江1月卷)But Cobb and others 58． (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59．changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法：推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及改变他们的个人行为，为应对气候变化危机尽一份力。根据now可知，此处应使用现在时，主语为复数。故填 。
2 就近一致
1．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 看到主语由or，either．．．or．．．，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．，not．．．but．．．等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。
2．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语，看到there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
【典例1】On that day，there (be) lots of conventional celebration activities，and some activities remain to nowadays．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近一致原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，谓语应用复数形式，且描述一般性事实用一般现在时。故填 。
【典例2】At present neither my wife nor I myself (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“At present”可知，应用一般现在时；neither．．．nor．．．连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定。故填 。
3 意义一致
1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。
2．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
【典例1】Practicing，to sum up， (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well．
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总之，对于那些决心学好知识的人来说，实践是最重要的。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为动词-ing形式Practicing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 。
【典例2】Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl
(have) access to a table computer as well as the Internet．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：我们学校进行了教育改革，每个男孩和女孩都有机会使用电脑以及互联网。根据并列句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；根据意义一致的原则， each boy and each girl 作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填 。
考点二 非谓语动词
非谓语动词的形式变化主要包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式以及动词-ed形式
热点考向一 如何判定使用非谓语动词
【步骤】
Step 1 判定是否使用非谓语动词
分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时， 若句中已有谓语动词， 而又无连词(并列连词连接并列句或并列谓语，从属连词引导从句)时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
Step 2 判定填何种非谓语动词形式
①提示词与逻辑主语为主动关系时常用动词-ing形式
②提示词与逻辑主语为被动关系时常用动词-ed形式
③提示词表示动作尚未发生时常用动词不定式
【典例】(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets 62．have started(start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63． (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
【解析】
Step 1 判定是否使用非谓语动词
所给句子为简单句，其谓语动词为have started；与所给动词之间没有连词，故填非谓语动词形式。
Step 2 判定非谓语动词的形式
所给动词design与逻辑主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式短语作后置定语
自主解答：
热点考向二 确定使用何种非谓语动词
“主动或进行”使用动词-ing形式
1．判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“主动或进行”，则填其-ing形式。
2．“主动或进行”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比“正在进行”；表示“主动且进行”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
3．若动词-ing形式所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则使用having done。
【典例1】(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America 64．where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，65． (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词begins，与所给动词borrow之间无连词，故使用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语“her fable”与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式作状语。故填 。
【典例2】(2023·全国乙卷)66． (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I 67．was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was amazed，与所给动词visit之间没有连词，故使用非谓语动词；visit与主句主语I之间为主动关系，故使用动词-ing形式；visit所表示的动作先于谓语动词was amazed发生，故使用having visited；时间状语“over the last 10 years”也是完成时的标志；置于句首，首字母大写。故填 。
“被动或完成”使用动词-ed形式
1．判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“被动或完成”，则填其-ed形式。
2．“被动或完成”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比该动作已经“完成”；表示“被动且完成”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
【典例】(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，
(surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有系动词was，与所给动词surround之间无连词，故使用非谓语动词形式；逻辑主语“the Forbidden City”和surround之间为被动关系，应填过去分词形式。故填 。
不定式表示的动作“未发生”
1．判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”，则填其不定式形式。
2．若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则使用不定式的一般式；若为被动形式，则使用不定式的被动语态。
3．常常考查不定式作目的状语。
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言)
(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词“have told”，与所给动词teach之间没有连词，故使用非谓语动词形式；此处表示人们讲述寓言，目的是教导人或传递智慧，故使用不定式作目的状语。故填 。
介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语
动词-ing形式在句中可以充当介词的宾语。
【典例】(2021·全国甲卷)After 64． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what 65．better than to ride on a piece of history!
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填 。
动词-ing形式(短语)/不定式(短语)作主语
1．动词-ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作；不定式(短语)作主语往往表示具体的动作；两者作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。
2．不定式(短语)作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正作主语的动词不定式(短语)后置。动词-ing形式(短语)作主语时可以用it作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有：good，no good，no use，useless等。
【典例】(2022·浙江1月卷改编) (travel) to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，本句缺少主语。用travelling/traveling作主语，又因为travelling/traveling位于句首，首字母要大写。故填 。
熟记一些短语句式中的搭配
英语中含有非谓语动词的短语句式众多，常见的有：allow sb．/sth．to do sth．，decide to do sth．，tend to do sth．spend time (in) doing sth．，be likely to do sth．，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth．，It is possible to do sth．，aim to do sth．，be aimed at doing sth．，be＋形容词＋不定式，set out to do sth．，set about doing sth．，be expected to do sth．，be intended to do sth．，leave sb．doing sth．，be designed to do sth．，take time to do sth．等。
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth．为固定搭配，表示“倾向于做某事”。故填 。
Ⅰ．专项演练
1．The name Tianwen，borrowed from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu， (mean) “the quest for heavenly truth”．
2．(2024·浙江五校高三联考)Though journalists (commit) to presenting the truth，it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports．
3．(2024·湖南师大附中月考)Chengdu Du Fu Thatched Cottage， (locate) by the Blossom-bathing Brook of Chengdu City，is the former residence of Du Fu，a great poet of the Tang Dynasty of China．
4．China's accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world．This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability
(reduce) food loss and ensure food security，experts and officials said．
5．(2024·山东烟台一模)Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality．
6．While many think of Ford as the inventor of the automobile，he was certainly not the first (assemble) a gas-powered car．
7．(2024·福州第一中学一模)It is estimated that by the end of this year，the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million，with total sales (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan．
8．One example is the historic fish market [the largest of its kind in the southern hemisphere (半球)]，which can (explore) on behind-the-scenes tours．
9．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message
(intend) for everyone．
10．Chinese scientists have successfully collected seeds of several plants at an altitude of about 6，200 meters on Mount Qomolangma， (set) a new record for plant seed collection at the highest altitude in China．
11．The mission (lead) by the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species (GBOWS) last year，a national database for the collection and preservation of wild species．
12．Sri Lanka，an island country (lie) in the Indian Ocean，is in the midst of its worst financial crisis in decades．
13．This has allowed some older members of society，who had missed out on education in their younger days， (go) back to school．
14．(2024·浙江台州二模)When I was little，dolls (call) yangwawa，meaning Western dolls．
15．(2024·浙江省强基联盟联考)The Getty Center sits on a hilltop in the Santa Monica Mountains， (tower) above the city of Los Angeles．
16．It is said to be a place that makes you forget your age and fatigue and feel so
(absorb) that you won't leave once you're there．
17．Due to the (apply) of this medical technology，some diseases can be treated at an early stage．
18．Thousands of computer enthusiasts find computer shows around the country so
(attract) that they buy parts，take them home and assemble(组装) their own computers．
19．(2024·河南省名校联考)The rings also symbolize the Olympic rings carved in the inner circle and the Olympic spirit of (unite) the world through sports．
20．(2024·皖豫名校联盟第一次考试)The number of films (register) for the Tiantan Award worldwide this year was 1，450，an increase of 63 percent compared with 2021．
Ⅱ．模拟冲关
Passage 1
(2024·江西宜春一模)
After the Lantern Festival，the 1． (follow) joyous celebration in China's traditional festival calendar is the Huazhao Festival，a traditional flower festival．
With a history of over 2，000 years，the Huazhao Festival is held in celebration of the flower goddess' birthday．Since the climate 2． (vary) in different parts of China，people hold celebrations on the second，twelfth，3． fifteenth day of February in the Chinese lunar calendar．
According to ancient beliefs，the flower goddess (女神) controlled the reproduction of mankind．Due to the primitive lifestyle and agriculture－dominated economy，people held that the more members a family had，the 4．
(merry)．Thus，it later became a custom to celebrate the birthday of the flower goddess for 5． (happy)．
Once as significant as the Lantern Festival and Mid-autumn Festival，the Huazhao Festival has gone through stages of thriving (兴旺)，declining and restoring．Nowadays 6． increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate this flower festival again．Some of them，7． (dress) in hanfu，a type of traditional Chinese clothing，perform a series of activities．Here is a list of relevant customs as 8． (inspire) for you to spend the Huazhao Festival: praying 9． the flower goddess; having a spring outing; fastening pieces of red cloth to flowers; picking wild vegetables believed 10． (have) the function of promoting health; going to fairs，etc．
Passage 2
(2024·河北张家口三模)
Large cloisonne (Jingtailan in Chinese) vases，striking plates and other colorful pieces 1． (display) in Beijing Gongmei Group's arts-and-crafts factory's studio near Yonghegong in the capital attract a lot of visitors．
Gaze upon these long enough，and you will be surprised by the 2． (diverse) of distinctive Chinese patterns traced by countless thin golden wires．
“It's said that there are 108 steps in 3． process of producing cloisonne goods，” says the factory's director，4． has practiced the craft for four decades．“The traditional handicraft is very complicated．No one can finish the process 5． (complete) by himself or herself．It's a delicate art that takes dedication to every small step．”
The fundamentals of making cloisonne include 6． (shape) the object's body，bending and inlaying copper (铜) wires 7． (present) surface patterns，coloring these wires，heating and finally，polishing and gilding (镀金)．
This technique was introduced 8． China in the late 13th century．It's believed that cloisonne reached its peak and 9． (give) its present Chinese name during Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty．Lan means blue in Chinese．The craft was 10． (far) developed in the Qing Dynasty，following innovations in copper-smelting techniques．
14/17 语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，将语法考查提高到语篇层次，在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语言知识理解语篇的能力。
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 命题考点
有提示词类 无提示词类
主题 语境 文章 话题 动词 (谓语和 非谓语) 词性/ 词形 转换 名词 单复数、 所有格 形容词/副 词的比较/ 最高等级 代 词 三大从 句和并 列连词 冠词 介词 代词/ 数词
2024 新课 标Ⅰ 卷 说明文 人与 社会 英国“丝绸之路” 花园的整体设计 以及玻璃温室 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
新课 标Ⅱ 卷 说明文 人与 社会 当“莎士比亚” 遇上“汤显祖” 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 小笼包 4 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 教熊猫饲 养员学英语 2 3 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
2022 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 自然 筹建大熊 猫国家公园 4 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 救援 4 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
3年统计 21 13 5 0 1 10 5 5 0
[真题呈现](2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens．This beautiful structure，named Glasshouse，is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times． The latest 56． (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57． (function) structure that is also beautiful．The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝)．These sepals open on warm days 58． (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air．In cold weather，the structure stays 59． (close) to protect the plants． Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60． (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61． first time．These plants included modern Western 62． (favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel．The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road．The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see，too． The Glasshouse stands 63． a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64． brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65． (rich) of gardening in England． Step 1 通读全文，感知大意 文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能，以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。Step 2 细读文章，根据语境填空 [有提示词类] 56．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词techniques，表示性质和特征，意为“工程(设计)”。故填engineering。 57．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词structure，结合句意可知，此处表示“实用的”，应用形容词。故填functional。 58．考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词open，且设空处和谓语动词之间没有连接词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 59．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，本句为主系表结构，stays为连系动词，设空处作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“关闭的”，应用形容词形式。故填closed。 60．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，本句为主从复合句，设空处在主句中作谓语，根据语境和下文中的“The garden also contains．．．”可知，此处表示客观陈述，应用一般现在时；主语为单数形式，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 62．考查名词的数。分析句子成分可知，设空处作included的宾语，且被形容词modern和 Western 修饰，应用名词；根据下文的“such as rosemary，lavender and fennel”可知，此处应填名词复数形式。favourite用作名词，意为“最喜爱的事物”，为可数名词，故填favourites。 65．考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作 define的宾语，且被much of 和定冠词 the修饰，应用名词形式，richness 意为“丰富，富饶”，为不可数名词。故填richness。 [无提示词类] 61．考查冠词。for the first time为固定用法，表示“第一次”。故填the。 63．考查介词。stand在此处作不及物动词，表示“处于某种地位”，此处表示“这座温室是一项伟大成就”，设空处表示“作为”。故填as。 64．考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
类型一 有提示词类
第一节 有提示词之谓语动词与非谓语动词
考点一 谓语动词
谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致
热点考向一 如何判定使用谓语动词
【步骤】
Step 1 判定是否使用谓语动词
分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
Step 2 若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)
②看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)
③看人称和数，确保主谓一致
【典例】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion，60．inspired(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion，61． (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace．
【解析】
Step 1 确定是否填谓语动词
该句为简单句，a six-meter-tall pavilion为主语，句中缺谓语动词，故该空应该为主句的谓语动词。
Step 2 考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
根据上下文可知，根据“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；build与主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
自主解答：was built
热点考向二 确定使用何种谓语动词——时态、语态及主谓一致
确定时态的四依据
1 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
1．看到often，usually，always，every time，sometimes等时间状语时， 要想到用一般现在时。
2．看到previously，yesterday，last year，in＋过去时间， the other day，two days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语时，要想到用一般过去时。
3．看到tomorrow，next year，in a week，in the future，soon等时间状语时，要想到用一般将来时。
4．看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语时，要想到用现在进行时。
5．看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now/to date，for＋时间段， ever since．．．等时间状语时，要想到用现在完成时。
6．看到by then，by the end of．．．等时间状语时，要想到用过去完成时。
【典例1】(2023· 新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl，I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up．
【解析】考查动词时态。本句是一个复合句，从句中的谓语动词为grew up；主句中缺少谓语动词，故所给动词wish应为谓语动词；wish和主语I之间是主动关系，根据“As a little girl”和后文的grew可知，用一般过去时。故填wished。
【典例2】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58． (be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59．to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，且在从句中作主语，根据主谓一致原则，从句谓语用复数形式；根据“previously (以前)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。故填were。
2 瞻前顾后找并列
1．可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
2．同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。
【典例1】There，he not only did well as a student but also (become) an accomplished public speaker．
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，not only与but also连接的是两个并列谓语，not only后用了一般过去时(did)，but also后也应该使用一般过去时。故填became。
【典例2】When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist，they smiled and (point) down the river．
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列谓语，根据上文“they smiled”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
3 通过“常用句式”法
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。例如：
1．was/were doing sth．when sb．did．．．
2．had (just) done sth．when＋一般过去时
3．This/It/That is the first/second．．．time that sb．has/have done．．．
4．This/It/That was the first/second．．．time that sb．had done．．．
5．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
6．It’s (high) time that．．．did/should do sth．(should不能省略)
【典例1】(2024·郑州模拟)It is the first time in the history that the Chinese team
(achieve) such a good result in the Games．
【解析】考查动词的时态。此题为固定句式 “It is the first time that sb．has done sth．”，因此，从句用现在完成时。故填has achieved。
【典例2】(2024·青岛模拟)I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you (feel) better．”
【解析】考查动词的时态。此题为固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。陈述句用一般将来时。故填will feel。
【典例3】(2024·淄博模拟)Now it is high time that we (take)action to protect animals．After all，to save them means to save ourselves．
【解析】考查动词的时态。此题考查固定句式“It’s (high) time that．．．did/should do sth．”。故填took/should take。
4 通过“语境暗示”法
分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 在没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境，即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
【典例1】(2023·浙江1月卷改编)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．
【解析】考查动词的时态。该句为简单句，且所给词为该句的谓语动词；该句没有标志性的时间状语，通过正确理解语境可知，该处表示过去的事，空处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
【典例2】This style of farming lasted for quite a long time．Then，with the rise of science，changes began．New methods (mean) that fewer people worked in farming．
【解析】考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主动关系，同时前两句的时态为一般过去时，此处也用一般过去时。故填meant。
明确逻辑关系定语态
动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：
1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语， 若与主语之间是主动关系， 应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
2．被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词， 情态动词＋be done。
3．做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。
【典例1】(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place
【解析】考查动词的语态。应该怎么处理这么美丽的地方呢？主语What与do with之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词should后接动词原形。故填be done。
【典例2】(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information．
【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述人们的普遍认知用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，故也可使用现在完成时；动词-ing形式短语作主语，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；主谓之间存在被动关系。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
【典例3】Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children．And，as more children were born，more food
(need)．
【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，主语more food为不可数名词词组，be动词用was。故填was needed。
确定主谓一致的三原则
1 语法一致
1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。
2．由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
3．动词-ing形式、动词不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
【典例1】(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，58．surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City．Citizens of higher social classes 59． (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles．
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，是过去发生的事情；较高阶层的人“被允许”居住在更接近同心圆的中心的区域，用被动语态；主语Citizens是复数形式，故填were permitted。
【典例2】(2022·浙江1月卷)But Cobb and others 58． (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59．changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法：推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及改变他们的个人行为，为应对气候变化危机尽一份力。根据now可知，此处应使用现在时，主语为复数。故填are。
2 就近一致
1．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 看到主语由or，either．．．or．．．，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．，not．．．but．．．等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。
2．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语，看到there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
【典例1】On that day，there (be) lots of conventional celebration activities，and some activities remain to nowadays．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近一致原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，谓语应用复数形式，且描述一般性事实用一般现在时。故填are。
【典例2】At present neither my wife nor I myself (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“At present”可知，应用一般现在时；neither．．．nor．．．连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定。故填am。
3 意义一致
1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。
2．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
【典例1】Practicing，to sum up， (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well．
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总之，对于那些决心学好知识的人来说，实践是最重要的。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为动词-ing形式Practicing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
【典例2】Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl (have) access to a table computer as well as the Internet．
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：我们学校进行了教育改革，每个男孩和女孩都有机会使用电脑以及互联网。根据并列句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；根据意义一致的原则， each boy and each girl 作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填has。
考点二 非谓语动词
非谓语动词的形式变化主要包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式以及动词-ed形式
热点考向一 如何判定使用非谓语动词
【步骤】
Step 1 判定是否使用非谓语动词
分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时， 若句中已有谓语动词， 而又无连词(并列连词连接并列句或并列谓语，从属连词引导从句)时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
Step 2 判定填何种非谓语动词形式
①提示词与逻辑主语为主动关系时常用动词-ing形式
②提示词与逻辑主语为被动关系时常用动词-ed形式
③提示词表示动作尚未发生时常用动词不定式
【典例】(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets 62．have started(start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63． (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
【解析】
Step 1 判定是否使用非谓语动词
所给句子为简单句，其谓语动词为have started；与所给动词之间没有连词，故填非谓语动词形式。
Step 2 判定非谓语动词的形式
所给动词design与逻辑主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式短语作后置定语
自主解答：designed
热点考向二 确定使用何种非谓语动词
“主动或进行”使用动词-ing形式
1．判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“主动或进行”，则填其-ing形式。
2．“主动或进行”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比“正在进行”；表示“主动且进行”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
3．若动词-ing形式所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则使用having done。
【典例1】(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America 64．where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，65． (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词begins，与所给动词borrow之间无连词，故使用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语“her fable”与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式作状语。故填borrowing。
【典例2】(2023·全国乙卷)66． (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I 67．was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was amazed，与所给动词visit之间没有连词，故使用非谓语动词；visit与主句主语I之间为主动关系，故使用动词-ing形式；visit所表示的动作先于谓语动词was amazed发生，故使用having visited；时间状语“over the last 10 years”也是完成时的标志；置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
“被动或完成”使用动词-ed形式
1．判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“被动或完成”，则填其-ed形式。
2．“被动或完成”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比该动作已经“完成”；表示“被动且完成”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
【典例】(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，
(surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有系动词was，与所给动词surround之间无连词，故使用非谓语动词形式；逻辑主语“the Forbidden City”和surround之间为被动关系，应填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
不定式表示的动作“未发生”
1．判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”，则填其不定式形式。
2．若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则使用不定式的一般式；若为被动形式，则使用不定式的被动语态。
3．常常考查不定式作目的状语。
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词“have told”，与所给动词teach之间没有连词，故使用非谓语动词形式；此处表示人们讲述寓言，目的是教导人或传递智慧，故使用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语
动词-ing形式在句中可以充当介词的宾语。
【典例】(2021·全国甲卷)After 64． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what 65．better than to ride on a piece of history!
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填spending。
动词-ing形式(短语)/不定式(短语)作主语
1．动词-ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作；不定式(短语)作主语往往表示具体的动作；两者作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。
2．不定式(短语)作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正作主语的动词不定式(短语)后置。动词-ing形式(短语)作主语时可以用it作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有：good，no good，no use，useless等。
【典例】(2022·浙江1月卷改编) (travel) to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，本句缺少主语。用travelling/traveling作主语，又因为travelling/traveling位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Travelling/Traveling。
熟记一些短语句式中的搭配
英语中含有非谓语动词的短语句式众多，常见的有：allow sb．/sth．to do sth．，decide to do sth．，tend to do sth．spend time (in) doing sth．，be likely to do sth．，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth．，It is possible to do sth．，aim to do sth．，be aimed at doing sth．，be＋形容词＋不定式，set out to do sth．，set about doing sth．，be expected to do sth．，be intended to do sth．，leave sb．doing sth．，be designed to do sth．，take time to do sth．等。
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety．
【解析】考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth．为固定搭配，表示“倾向于做某事”。故填to catch。
Ⅰ．专项演练
1．The name Tianwen，borrowed from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu，means (mean) “the quest for heavenly truth”．
2．(2024·浙江五校高三联考)Though journalists are committed (commit) to presenting the truth，it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports．
3．(2024·湖南师大附中月考)Chengdu Du Fu Thatched Cottage，located (locate) by the Blossom-bathing Brook of Chengdu City，is the former residence of Du Fu，a great poet of the Tang Dynasty of China．
4．China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world．This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability to reduce (reduce) food loss and ensure food security，experts and officials said．
5．(2024·山东烟台一模)Another reason for corn’s rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve (improve) water quality．
6．While many think of Ford as the inventor of the automobile，he was certainly not the first to assemble (assemble) a gas-powered car．
7．(2024·福州第一中学一模)It is estimated that by the end of this year，the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million，with total sales expected (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan．
8．One example is the historic fish market [the largest of its kind in the southern hemisphere (半球)]，which can be explored (explore) on behind-the-scenes tours．
9．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone．
10．Chinese scientists have successfully collected seeds of several plants at an altitude of about 6，200 meters on Mount Qomolangma，setting (set) a new record for plant seed collection at the highest altitude in China．
11．The mission was led (lead) by the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species (GBOWS) last year，a national database for the collection and preservation of wild species．
12．Sri Lanka，an island country lying (lie) in the Indian Ocean，is in the midst of its worst financial crisis in decades．
13．This has allowed some older members of society，who had missed out on education in their younger days，to go (go) back to school．
14．(2024·浙江台州二模)When I was little，dolls were called(call) yangwawa，meaning Western dolls．
15．(2024·浙江省强基联盟联考)The Getty Center sits on a hilltop in the Santa Monica Mountains，towering (tower) above the city of Los Angeles．
16．It is said to be a place that makes you forget your age and fatigue and feel so absorbed (absorb) that you won’t leave once you’re there．
17．Due to the application (apply) of this medical technology，some diseases can be treated at an early stage．
18．Thousands of computer enthusiasts find computer shows around the country so attractive (attract) that they buy parts，take them home and assemble(组装) their own computers．
19．(2024·河南省名校联考)The rings also symbolize the Olympic rings carved in the inner circle and the Olympic spirit of uniting (unite) the world through sports．
20．(2024·皖豫名校联盟第一次考试)The number of films registered (register) for the Tiantan Award worldwide this year was 1，450，an increase of 63 percent compared with 2021．
Ⅱ．模拟冲关
Passage 1
(2024·江西宜春一模)
After the Lantern Festival，the 1． (follow) joyous celebration in China’s traditional festival calendar is the Huazhao Festival，a traditional flower festival．
With a history of over 2，000 years，the Huazhao Festival is held in celebration of the flower goddess’birthday．Since the climate 2． (vary) in different parts of China，people hold celebrations on the second，twelfth，3． fifteenth day of February in the Chinese lunar calendar．
According to ancient beliefs，the flower goddess (女神) controlled the reproduction of mankind．Due to the primitive lifestyle and agriculture－dominated economy，people held that the more members a family had，the 4． (merry)．Thus，it later became a custom to celebrate the birthday of the flower goddess for 5． (happy)．
Once as significant as the Lantern Festival and Mid-autumn Festival，the Huazhao Festival has gone through stages of thriving (兴旺)，declining and restoring．Nowadays 6． increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate this flower festival again．Some of them，7． (dress) in hanfu，a type of traditional Chinese clothing，perform a series of activities．Here is a list of relevant customs as 8． (inspire) for you to spend the Huazhao Festival：praying 9． the flower goddess; having a spring outing; fastening pieces of red cloth to flowers; picking wild vegetables believed 10． (have) the function of promoting health; going to fairs，etc．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节日花朝节。
1．following [考查词性转换。句意：在中国的传统节日日历中，元宵节之后是花朝节，这是一个传统的花节。根据句意和后文名词joyous celebration可知，此处应用其现在分词转化的形容词following“(时间上)接着的，后面的”作定语。故填following。]
2．varies [考查动词的时态。句意：由于中国不同地区的气候不同，人们在农历二月的第二日、第十二或第十五日举行庆祝活动。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语the climate为单数，主谓一致，故填varies。]
3．or [考查连词。后文fifteenth和前文second，twelfth之间是选择关系，用连词or“或”连接。故填or。]
4．merrier [考查形容词比较级、固定句型。句意：由于原始的生活方式和以农业为主导的经济，人们认为家庭成员越多越快乐。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，是固定句型。故填merrier。]
5．happiness [考查词性转换。句意：因此，后来庆祝花神的生日以寻求幸福就成了一种习俗。介词for后应用名词happiness(不可数)作宾语。故填happiness。]
6．an [考查冠词。句意：如今，中国各地越来越多的人又开始庆祝这个花节。a number of“一些”是固定短语，符合句意。所连接的单词increasing以元音音素开头，故填an。]
7．dressed [考查非谓语动词。句意：他们中的一些人穿着汉服，一种中国传统服装，进行一系列的活动。句中谓语为perform，此处为非谓语，动词dress和前文them之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作后置定语。故填dressed。]
8．inspiration [考查词性转换。句意：这里列出了一些相关习俗，为你度过花朝节提供灵感：向花神祈福；春游；把一块块红布系在花上；采摘被认为有促进健康功能的野菜；去集市，等等。介词as后应用名词作宾语。故填inspiration。]
9．to [考查介词。pray to“向……祈祷”是固定搭配。故填to。]
10．to have [考查非谓语动词。(be) believed to do sth．“被认为做某事”是固定句式，句中believed为过去分词作后置定语。故填to have。]
Passage 2
(2024·河北张家口三模)
Large cloisonne (Jingtailan in Chinese) vases，striking plates and other colorful pieces 1． (display) in Beijing Gongmei Group’s arts-and-crafts factory’s studio near Yonghegong in the capital attract a lot of visitors．
Gaze upon these long enough，and you will be surprised by the 2． (diverse) of distinctive Chinese patterns traced by countless thin golden wires．
“It’s said that there are 108 steps in 3． process of producing cloisonne goods，” says the factory’s director，4． has practiced the craft for four decades．“The traditional handicraft is very complicated．No one can finish the process 5． (complete) by himself or herself．It’s a delicate art that takes dedication to every small step．”
The fundamentals of making cloisonne include 6． (shape) the object’s body，bending and inlaying copper (铜) wires 7． (present) surface patterns，coloring these wires，heating and finally，polishing and gilding (镀金)．
This technique was introduced 8． China in the late 13th century．It’s believed that cloisonne reached its peak and 9． (give) its present Chinese name during Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty．Lan means blue in Chinese．The craft was 10． (far) developed in the Qing Dynasty，following innovations in copper-smelting techniques．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过北京工美展厅的景泰蓝作品，介绍了景泰蓝的特点、工艺及其历史发展。
1．displayed [考查非谓语动词。句意：在位于首都雍和宫附近的北京工美集团工艺美术工厂的工作室里，陈列着大型中国景泰蓝花瓶、引人注目的盘子和其他五颜六色的物品，吸引了很多游客。本句谓语动词为attract，空前的主语与display在逻辑上是被动关系，所以设空处用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填displayed。]
2．diversity [考查词性转换。句意：长时间凝视这些，你会惊讶于无数细细的金丝勾勒出的中国特色图案的多样性。根据空前的定冠词“the”可知，此处应用名词形式作宾语。故填diversity。]
3．the [考查冠词。句意：“据说，生产景泰蓝产品要经过108道工序，”从事景泰蓝工艺40年的厂长说。空后的“of producing cloisonne goods”对“process”进行限定，所以此处表示特指，应使用定冠词。故填the。]
4．who [考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，作主语，故填who。]
5．completely [考查词性转换。句意：没有人能完全靠自己完成这个过程。此处为副词作状语修饰finish。故填completely。]
6．shaping [考查非谓语动词。句意：制作景泰蓝的基本原理包括塑造物体的身体，弯曲和镶嵌铜线来呈现表面图案，给线上色，加热，最后抛光镀金。此处动词-ing形式作include的宾语，并与后面的几个动词-ing形式(短语)并列。故填shaping。]
7．to present [考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。故填to present。]
8．to [考查介词。句意：这种技术在13世纪晚期传入中国。be introduced to意为“被引进”，为固定搭配。故填to。]
9．was given [考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：据信，景泰蓝在明朝景泰年间达到了顶峰，并有了它现在的中国名字。It作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，从句中cloisonne是主语，reached和设空处为并列的谓语，cloisonne和动词give之间为被动关系，且根据“reached”可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。主语cloisonne为单数。故填was given。]
10．further [考查比较级。句意：随着炼铜技术的革新，这种工艺在清代得到进一步发展。根据语境可知，此处表示进一步发展，应该用副词的比较级作状语。故填further。]
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