第二节 有提示词之词形变化
考点一 名词的数与格
1．名词的单复数
若有以下情况则考虑名词复数：
(1)有数词或these，those，several，many，all，both，various，numerous等词修饰时。
(2)名词前有one of时。
(3)若谓语动词是复数形式，且空处作主语，则空处应填名词复数形式。
(4)所给名词是可数名词，且在句中前面无限定词修饰，此种情况应考虑填名词复数形式。
【典例1】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met，there are common (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust．
【解析】考查名词的数。根据空前的“there are”可知，空处应填theme的复数形式。故填 。
2．名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
(1)单数名词，以-s结尾的单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s。
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，所有格形式为s’或es’。
【典例2】(2023·八省联考)A (student) college experience is his or her own，and the student must put his or her education first．
【解析】考查名词所有格。此处指一个学生的大学经历，故应用单数名词所有格形式。故填 。
考点二 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1．利用标志词确定比较等级
(1)题目中有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
(2)设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among，名词所有格等时用最高级。
(3)设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时用最高级。
2．利用固定句型
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……越……”。
3．利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级的意思，也需要用比较级或最高级。
【典例1】(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 69． (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，70．which became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres．
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石国家公园是美国最大的国家公园。根据句意，这里需要表示最高级，应用形容词的最高级形式 。
【典例2】(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and
(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower．
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知，空处需要填形容词比较级，和前面的smaller并列作表语。故填 。
考点三 代词
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
1．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格(I，we，you，he等)形式。
2．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作宾语时，应考虑人称代词的宾格(me，us，him等)形式。
3．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(our，my，your等)。
4．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语， 且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，yourself，itself等)。
【典例1】(2024·全国甲卷)This area，with 66． (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved 67．for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park．
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这个地方有着它独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，以供全国人民欣赏。这里“它的”应用形容词性物主代词its。
【典例2】As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43．walking through a rainforest．
【解析】考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词。故填themselves。
【典例3】When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find
(they) alive．True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature，the huge animal meant me no real harm．
【解析】考查代词的宾格形式。分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格形式。故填them。
考点四 数词
提示词常为基数词，但是在句中常常考查序数词形式，一般需要在该词后面加后缀-th。易错的序数词有：first第一，second第二，third第三，fourth第四，fifth第五，eighth第八，ninth第九，eleventh第十一，twelfth第十二等。
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century B．C．
【解析】考查数词。句意：寓言是许多早期文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
Ⅰ．专项演练
1．(2024·湖南永州二模)They are good runners and can run for several hours in cold weather conditions，so they can sometimes escape from ________ (wolf)，their main predators (捕食者)，easily．
2．He used ________ (shade) of white，grey，and brown for the boat，making it look almost like a ghost ship．
3．(2024·湖南长郡中学二模)From that year，teenagers will become adults at the age of 18，two years ________ (early) than the age at which adulthood currently legally happens．
4．(2024·安徽合肥一模)“Making coins was one of the greatest financial ________(activity) in human history，” said researchers，adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily．
5．(2024·河北衡水中学二模)A number of Olympic high ________ (technology) have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure its goal of carbon neutrality．
6．I think that homework is an important factor in a ________ (student) education．
7．My kids had never been ________ (interested) in my job than when I was on the Bei Bei beat．
8．Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to ________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”．
9．He checked the details given and found ________(they) substantially correct．
10．On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother．
Ⅱ．模拟冲关
Passage 1
(2024·山东济宁三模)
My Thrilling Getaway
To escape the hustle and bustle of London，my family began 1．
remarkable staycation to explore unfamiliar shores of Plymouth in South Devon．
After a scenic drive that left us in awe，we found 2． (our) standing on Mount Batten beach．The vision before us was breathtaking—rocky pools and rough sand，all surrounded by green hills．Walking along the charming pathway，we immersed (沉浸) ourselves in the expansive ocean views and the dynamic atmosphere．That evening，warmth filling the air，we gathered around a crackling bonfire，sharing 3． (heart) laughter with fellow beachgoers．
Eager to explore more of Plymouth’s charm，we set out for West Hoe Park the next day，4． provided a spacious play area for children，equipped with plentiful 5． (delight)．Our children were totally attracted and we had a hard time 6． (tear) them away．
Afterwards，we walked 7． (leisure) along Hoe Promenade towards Hoe Park．Despite the crowds，we enjoyed a peaceful walk，greatly 8． (enhance) by the iconic Smeaton’s Tower lighthouse．Undoubtedly，the highlight of our journey was Bovisand Beach．Our children were in their element，building sandcastles and playing in the water，relaxed 9． joyous．
Plymouth 10． (cast) its spell on us and left us with memories that would stay with us for a lifetime．
1/1第二节 有提示词之词形变化
考点一 名词的数与格
1．名词的单复数
若有以下情况则考虑名词复数：
(1)有数词或these，those，several，many，all，both，various，numerous等词修饰时。
(2)名词前有one of时。
(3)若谓语动词是复数形式，且空处作主语，则空处应填名词复数形式。
(4)所给名词是可数名词，且在句中前面无限定词修饰，此种情况应考虑填名词复数形式。
【典例1】(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met，there are common (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust．
【解析】考查名词的数。根据空前的“there are”可知，空处应填theme的复数形式。故填themes。
2．名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
(1)单数名词，以-s结尾的单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s。
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，所有格形式为s’或es’。
【典例2】(2023·八省联考)A (student) college experience is his or her own，and the student must put his or her education first．
【解析】考查名词所有格。此处指一个学生的大学经历，故应用单数名词所有格形式。故填student’s。
考点二 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1．利用标志词确定比较等级
(1)题目中有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
(2)设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among，名词所有格等时用最高级。
(3)设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时用最高级。
2．利用固定句型
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……越……”。
3．利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级的意思，也需要用比较级或最高级。
【典例1】(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 69． (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，70．which became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres．
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石国家公园是美国最大的国家公园。根据句意，这里需要表示最高级，应用形容词的最高级形式largest。
【典例2】(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and
(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower．
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知，空处需要填形容词比较级，和前面的smaller并列作表语。故填simpler。
考点三 代词
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
1．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格(I，we，you，he等)形式。
2．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作宾语时，应考虑人称代词的宾格(me，us，him等)形式。
3．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(our，my，your等)。
4．分析句子结构， 发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语， 且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，yourself，itself等)。
【典例1】(2024·全国甲卷)This area，with 66． (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved 67．for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park．
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这个地方有着它独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，以供全国人民欣赏。这里“它的”应用形容词性物主代词its。
【典例2】As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43．walking through a rainforest．
【解析】考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词。故填themselves。
【典例3】When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find
(they) alive．True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature，the huge animal meant me no real harm．
【解析】考查代词的宾格形式。分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格形式。故填them。
考点四 数词
提示词常为基数词，但是在句中常常考查序数词形式，一般需要在该词后面加后缀-th。易错的序数词有：first第一，second第二，third第三，fourth第四，fifth第五，eighth第八，ninth第九，eleventh第十一，twelfth第十二等。
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century B．C．
【解析】考查数词。句意：寓言是许多早期文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
Ⅰ．专项演练
1．(2024·湖南永州二模)They are good runners and can run for several hours in cold weather conditions，so they can sometimes escape from wolves (wolf)，their main predators (捕食者)，easily．
2．He used shades (shade) of white，grey，and brown for the boat，making it look almost like a ghost ship．
3．(2024·湖南长郡中学二模)From that year，teenagers will become adults at the age of 18，two years earlier (early) than the age at which adulthood currently legally happens．
4．(2024·安徽合肥一模)“Making coins was one of the greatest financial activities(activity) in human history，” said researchers，adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily．
5．(2024·河北衡水中学二模)A number of Olympic high technologies (technology) have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure its goal of carbon neutrality．
6．I think that homework is an important factor in a student’s (student) education．
7．My kids had never been more interested (interested) in my job than when I was on the Bei Bei beat．
8．Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to myself (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”．
9．He checked the details given and found them(they) substantially correct．
10．On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its (it) mother．
Ⅱ．模拟冲关
Passage 1
(2024·山东济宁三模)
My Thrilling Getaway
To escape the hustle and bustle of London，my family began 1． remarkable staycation to explore unfamiliar shores of Plymouth in South Devon．
After a scenic drive that left us in awe，we found 2． (our) standing on Mount Batten beach．The vision before us was breathtaking—rocky pools and rough sand，all surrounded by green hills．Walking along the charming pathway，we immersed (沉浸) ourselves in the expansive ocean views and the dynamic atmosphere．That evening，warmth filling the air，we gathered around a crackling bonfire，sharing 3． (heart) laughter with fellow beachgoers．
Eager to explore more of Plymouth’s charm，we set out for West Hoe Park the next day，4． provided a spacious play area for children，equipped with plentiful 5． (delight)．Our children were totally attracted and we had a hard time 6． (tear) them away．
Afterwards，we walked 7． (leisure) along Hoe Promenade towards Hoe Park．Despite the crowds，we enjoyed a peaceful walk，greatly 8． (enhance) by the iconic Smeaton’s Tower lighthouse．Undoubtedly，the highlight of our journey was Bovisand Beach．Our children were in their element，building sandcastles and playing in the water，relaxed 9． joyous．
Plymouth 10． (cast) its spell on us and left us with memories that would stay with us for a lifetime．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家一次去普利茅斯海岸度假的经历。
1．a [考查冠词。句意：为了逃离伦敦的喧嚣，我的家人开始了一次不寻常的本国度假，去探索我们不熟悉的南德文郡的普利茅斯海岸。此处staycation为泛指，且remarkable的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。]
2．ourselves [考查代词。句意：经过一段风景优美的车程后，我们感到敬畏，我们发现自己站在了巴顿山海滩上。主语为we，表示“发现我们自己”应用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。]
3．hearty [考查词性转换。句意：那天晚上，空气中充满了温暖，我们围坐在噼啪作响的篝火旁，和其他海滩游客一起开怀大笑。修饰名词laughter应用形容词hearty，作定语。故填hearty。]
4．which [考查定语从句。句意：渴望探索普利茅斯的更多魅力，我们第二天出发去了西霍公园，那里为孩子们提供了一个宽敞的游乐区，配备了许多乐趣。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词West Hoe Park，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。]
5．delights [考查名词的数。句意同上。作介词的宾语，应用名词delight，用作名词，表示“乐事；乐趣”时，为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故填delights。]
6．tearing [考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的孩子完全被吸引住了，我们很难让他们离开。tear away意为“逼某人离开”。短语have a hard time doing sth．表示“做某事很困难”。故填tearing。]
7．leisurely [考查词性转换。句意：之后，我们沿着Hoe Promenade悠闲地向Hoe Park走去。尽管人群拥挤，我们还是享受了一次宁静的散步，标志性的斯米顿塔的灯塔给我们带来了极大的乐趣。修饰动词walked应用副词，故填leisurely。]
8．enhanced [考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处enhance与we构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填enhanced。]
9．and [考查连词。句意：我们的孩子们玩得很尽兴，他们堆沙堡，在水里玩耍，既轻松又快乐。此处relaxed和joyous为并列关系，故填and。]
10．cast [考查动词的时态。句意：普利茅斯对我们施了魔法，给我们留下了一生难忘的回忆。根据后文and left可知，为一般过去时。故填cast。]
Passage 2
(2024·广东揭阳二模)
The Internet is one of the 1． (great) creations and provides people with instant access 2． an endless supply of knowledge and entertainment．Using a search engine，you can ask almost any question 3． may confuse you，and find a web page with information about that question．There are also millions of videos on websites or social media，4． (explain) various topics．
In the past，it would take days and sometimes even months 5． (receive) a letter from someone else．Today，with the Internet，you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it 6． (deliver) in less than a minute．
However，the Internet is not without its 7． (disadvantage)．Playing games on the Internet can become very addictive，which leads to much time being wasted．And constant connectivity means some people 8． (expect) to be available to work at any time of the day，even if they previously refused to．
Despite the drawbacks，the Internet has 9． (undoubted) changed the way we live，work and communicate，and it’s here to stay．It’s up to us to use it wisely and make 10． most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了互联网是最伟大的创造之一，它为人们提供了获取无穷无尽的知识和娱乐的即时途径，并分析了互联网的利弊。
1．greatest [考查形容词最高级。句意：互联网是最伟大的创造之一，它为人们提供了获取无穷无尽的知识和娱乐的即时途径。根据上文的定冠词the以及句意“最伟大的”可知，应填最高级。故填greatest。]
2．to [考查介词。句意同上。短语access to表示“获取”。故填to。]
3．that [考查定语从句。句意：使用搜索引擎，你几乎可以问任何可能让你困惑的问题，并找到一个关于这个问题的信息的网页。定语从句修饰先行词question，且先行词被any修饰时只能用that。故填that。]
4．explaining [考查非谓语动词。句意：网站或社交媒体上也有数以百万计的视频，解释各种主题。分析句子结构可知，explain与videos构成主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作定语。故填explaining。]
5．to receive [考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去，收到别人的来信需要几天甚至几个月的时间。it takes/took some time to do sth．，表示“做某事花费多少时间”。故填to receive。]
6．delivered [考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，有了互联网，你可以给世界上的任何人发一封电子邮件，而且通常不到一分钟就能送达。此处deliver与it构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填delivered。]
7．disadvantages [考查名词的数。句意：然而，互联网也不是没有缺点。根据后文可知，缺点不止一个，应用复数形式。故填disadvantages。]
8．are expected [考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：持续的网络连接意味着有些人一天中的任何时间都可以工作，即使他们之前拒绝了。此处为短语be expected to do sth．表示“被期望做某事”，根据means可知，为一般现在时，从句主语为some people，从句谓语用复数。故填are expected。]
9．undoubtedly [考查词性转换。句意：尽管有缺点，互联网无疑改变了我们生活、工作和交流的方式，而且它将继续存在。修饰动词changed应用副词undoubtedly。故填undoubtedly。]
10．the [考查冠词。句意：我们应该明智地利用它，充分利用它的好处，同时减少它的负面影响。make the most of充分利用。故填the。]
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