近年高考语法填空在题目设置上增加了语篇理解的难度、句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，突出在准确理解语境的基础上考查考生正确分析句法结构的能力，具体表现在以下几个方面。
一、句中非核心信息多，难以厘清句子主干
【典例1】(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands 63．_________a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China[1] at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route [2] 64． brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia[3] to come to define much of the 65． (rich) of gardening in England[4]．
[1]目的状语；[2]定语，修饰a path；[3]定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route；[4]结果状语。
【解析】
63．考查介词。这座玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就。根据语境和语义填________。
64．考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，“_________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to．．．England”是限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Silk Route。设空处在定语从句中作主语。故填关系代词________。
65．考查词性转换。根据空前面的“much of the”以及空后面的of可知，此处需填名词，且是不可数名词。rich的名词是richness，意思是“丰富”。故填________。
【典例2】(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)64． (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play[1] Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion[2]，Edmondson[3] said[4]，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65． see how Tang's play was being performed．”[5]
[1]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语；[2]定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese actors；[3]主语；[4]谓语；[5]宾语从句。
【解析】
64．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，应用其动词-ing形式作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填________。
65．考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接两个并列成分“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang's play was being performed”。故填________。
【点拨】对于状语(包括状语从句)、同位语、定语(包括定语从句)、插入语等非核心信息较多、结构复杂的长难句，我们可以通过锁定谓语动词，去掉各种非核心信息，厘清句子的主干，在简单句的层面上来判断设空处在句中所作的成分。
二、语篇中生僻词或短语增多，给考生理解句意造成障碍
【典例】(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)The GPNP[1] 60． (design)[2] to reflect the guiding principle [3]of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，61． leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”[4]．
[1]主语；[2]谓语；[3]目的状语；[4]介词短语作后置定语。其中protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems和preserving biological diversity以及protecting ecological buffer zones还有leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations均作介词的宾语。
【解析】
60．考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填___________。
61．考查连词。“protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems”，“preserving biological diversity”，“protecting ecological buffer zones”和“leaving behind precious natural assets”四者是动词-ing形式短语并列作of的宾语，因此用and连接。故填________。
【点拨】对于信息多、生词多的长难句，我们的破解办法是通过锁定谓语动词，厘清句子主干来拆解句子。
(1)如果是简单句，就锁定其为五大基本句型中的某一种；
(2)如果是复合句，则分别锁定主句和从句为五大基本句型中的某一种；然后再看定状补等修饰成分。
三、主语部分结构复杂、修饰语多，确定核心词困难
【典例】During the week-long public holiday, which ended on Oct． 7[1]，large numbers of vacationers[2]，especially young professionals who long to escape busy city life[3]， (avoid) [4] popular holiday destinations[5] in order to get to places off the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quiet[6]．
[1]时间状语，其中含有非限制性定语从句；[2]主语；[3]同位语，其中含有who引导的限制性定语从句；[4]谓语；[5]宾语；[6]目的状语。
【解析】考查动词的时态。由句式分析可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语，由时间状语“During the week-long public holiday ，which ended on Oct．7”可知，此处应使用一般过去时，且avoid与主语之间为主动关系。故填________。
【点拨】分辨长难句主语的三个要点：
(1)长难句首先是一个句子，一般来说，必须拥有至少一个主谓结构。
(2)由that、what等引导的主语从句也要有完整的句子结构，从句后，紧跟着的是构成主句谓语的动词，即“主语从句＋谓语＋其他成分(状语、补语)”。
(3)当句首有状语成分时，在这个成分后，一般会有一个独立的名词词组、代词、动词-ing形式、不定式、从句等作主语，紧跟主语会有一个谓语形式的动词。
四、句式结构相似，容易混淆
【典例】His story，which 1． ( view ) more than 19 million times up till now[1]，has gone[2] viral[3]on social media platforms [4]and he wins admiration from its users[5]2． his courage, determination and hard work[6]．
[1]which引导的定语从句，修饰His story；[2]系动词；[3]表语；[4]地点状语；[5]地点状语；[6]原因状语。
【解析】
1．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，根据从句的时间状语“up till now”可知，应使用现在完成时；关系代词which 指代先行词His story，和 view之间为被动关系。故填________。
2．考查介词。在and之后的并列分句中，“_________his courage ，determination and hard work”在句中作原因状语，表示他赢得钦佩的原因，设空处应使用介词。故填________。
【点拨】常见相似句式梳理
相似结构1
例如：
①The work of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project[1]，which will link China's four main rivers when finished[2]，requires[3] the construction of three diversion routes，running south-to-north across the eastern, central and western parts of the country[4]，and[5] is expected[6] to cost $62 million—more than twice as much as the Three Gorges Dam．
[1]主语；[2]定语从句；[3]谓语；[4]动词-ing形式短语作后置定语；[5]连词；[6]谓语。
②The NaviCam[1]，a capsule endoscopy(内窥镜检查) system，which was developed by Ankon Medical Technologies in Shanghai[2]，shortens[3] the examination procedure to less than 15 minutes，avoids[4] the risk of cross infection and[5] enables[6] a painless stomach visualization．
[1]主语；[2]定语从句；[3]谓语；[4]谓语；[5]连词；[6]谓语。
相似结构2
例如：
①The eastern route[1]，which was put into operation in November 2013[2]，transforms [3] water from China's Jiangsu Province to feed areas including Tianjin and Shandong．
[1]主语；[2]定语从句(主语＋谓语)；[3]谓语。
②This system of China[1]，once launched[2]，would serve [3] as great assistance in determining the unexpected behavior of the asteroids(小行星)．
[1]主语；[2]连词＋非谓语；[3]谓语。
五、一个句子中出现多个主谓结构或多个从句套用
【典例】It is likely that [1] the children[2] whose parents gave them curfews and monitored their friend groups[3] (protect) [4] better from harmful behaviors that could have lifelong effects, like smoking or drinking[5]，the researchers said．
[1]主系表结构，It为形式主语；[2]主语从句的主语；[3]whose引导的定语从句；[4]主语从句的谓语；[5]that引导的定语从句。
【解析】考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。该句为主从复合句，句中包含五个主谓(含主系表)结构，我们可以先锁定句子的主干，然后利用从属连词或并列连词定位每一个主谓结构，然后分析设空处所在的句子结构。由上述分析可知，设空处在that引导的主语从句中作谓语；根据语境，该动作发生在过去，且和主语之间为被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数形式。故填__________。
【点拨】
1．含有多个主谓结构的长难句
首先明确每一个主谓结构代表一个句子，句子之间应有连接词，然后根据已有的并列连词、从属连词和句意确定这些句子之间的关系，从而确定空处在句中所作成分。
2．从句套用类长难句
(1)首先利用连接词和主谓结构的个数厘清主句和从句的层次。
(2)然后找到主句的主干——主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾或主谓宾宾补。对每一个从句也使用同样的方法梳理其主干部分。
综合以上情况，我们不难看出这无疑对考生的句式分析能力提出了更高的要求，务必引起考生的高度重视。
5/5 语法“我”命题
Passage 1
【试题素材】
One person can make a great difference to the world．Tim Wong，a senior biologist，single handedly brought a butterfly species struggling to live back to his home city of San Francisco．
Wong became aware of the butterfly species—the California pipevine swallowtail，which is native to San Francisco —several years ago．He was creating a pollinator (传粉者) habitat in his backyard when he realized extra help was needed for the butterflies．Although the species was seen in some other places，it almost disappeared from San Francisco because there were a limited number of the species' host plants，the California pipevine，in the city．So，Wong decided to help．
Fortunately，Wong was able to find the plant in the San Francisco Botanical Garden and was allowed to take home a few cuttings of the plant．He then planted the cuttings and built a large screen enclosure (围场) to make the butterflies live under outdoor environmental conditions．Once his butterfly garden was complete，Wong traveled around to carefully source 20 California pipevine swallowtail caterpillars (毛虫)．He took good care of them until they laid eggs on the pipevine plants and raised new caterpillars in the same habitat．“From there，” Wong said，“the cycle continues．”
Though Wong appreciates the attention to his favorite butterflies，he stressed that conservation can start anywhere．“Improving habitats for native species is something anyone can do，” Wong said．
【我来命题】
Passage 2
【试题素材】
The Ganqiu Festival is one of the oldest traditional celebrations and social activities of the Miao ethnic group in China．It falls on the first day of “Liqiu”， which indicates the end of summer．Miao people settling down in Huayuan County，Fenghuang County，Jishou County，Luxi County and several other counties in Hunan Province hold a series of grand ceremonies to celebrate the day．The festival is not only an opportunity for Miao people to celebrate a good harvest，but an important social occasion for young Miao men and women as well．
According to local tales，Miao people drove out demons (恶魔) from their lands and began planting rice to build up their homeland．And due to their hard work，they were blessed with a harvest every autumn．Since then，the festival has remained a celebration of their victory，an expression of their appreciation for the harvest season，and a way to send blessings to others．
Having a long history，the Ganqiu Festival observes many customs passed down from generation to generation．Traditionally，during the day，Miao people wear colorful costumes and gather for a feast featuring attractive shows and sports activities．The festival was listed as national intangible cultural heritage in 2014 and later as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2016．
【我来命题】
Passage 3
【试题素材】
Dr．Karam，a talented surgeon，gained a reputation for doing complex liver transplants(肝脏移植)that were considered impossible by his peers．His talent and skills had saved many lives in numerous operations that other surgeons would give up on．He became known amongst patients as the miracle worker who could give hope to even the most desperate medical cases．
However，later in his promising career，Dr．Karam suffered severe nerve damage in both his hands due to a car accident—a condition that made holding medical instruments extremely painful and difficult．The accident did harm to the sensory nerves (感官神经) in his fingers，resulting in their loss of sensation and the damage of fine motor control．Even routine daily tasks like buttoning up his shirt caused him great pain due to nerve pain signals he constantly felt．
After struggling for many painful months when he could not perform operations，Dr．Karam designed special instruments to overcome his injury．He invented small braces (支架) with sensors and micro motors that helped gain accuracy control and stability back to his hands．With his determination and special tools，Dr．Karam soon began performing impressive operations again．
【我来命题】
Passage 4
【试题素材】
Yunshuiyao is located in the south of Fujian Province．It's a peaceful and beautiful village with hundreds of years of history behind it，particularly with reference to the Jian clan (宗族)．The majority of the buildings there are clay houses built by gifted workers during the Qing Dynasty，including a big Ancestral Hall for the Jian family．There are several banyan trees (榕树) on the riverside，which are hundreds of years old．One of them has branches measuring over 30 meters in length．There are two famous tulous nearby．
Huaiyuan Lou was built in 1909，following the “connected rooms” design．Because of its short history，the whole building gets well preserved and thus serves as a good example of what a circular tulou should look like．Huaiyuan Lou is four storeys(楼层)high，with each floor holding 34 rooms．
Hegui Lou was built in 1732，originally with four storeys．Unfortunately，it was destroyed during an attack; it later had reconstruction and had five storeys．The main structure now has 28 rooms on each floor．There's a front yard providing more space for residents．
These buildings are valuable and have a tendency to attract more and more tourists．
【我来命题】
1/1近年高考语法填空在题目设置上增加了语篇理解的难度、句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，突出在准确理解语境的基础上考查考生正确分析句法结构的能力，具体表现在以下几个方面。
一、句中非核心信息多，难以厘清句子主干
【典例1】(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands 63． a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China[1] at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route [2] 64． brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia[3] to come to define much of the 65． (rich) of gardening in England[4]．
[1]目的状语；[2]定语，修饰a path；[3]定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route；[4]结果状语。
【解析】
63．考查介词。这座玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就。根据语境和语义填as。
64．考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，“ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to．．．England”是限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Silk Route。设空处在定语从句中作主语。故填关系代词that/which。
65．考查词性转换。根据空前面的“much of the”以及空后面的of可知，此处需填名词，且是不可数名词。rich的名词是richness，意思是“丰富”。故填richness。
【典例2】(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)64． (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play[1] Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion[2]，Edmondson[3] said[4]，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65． see how Tang’s play was being performed．”[5]
[1]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语；[2]定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese actors；[3]主语；[4]谓语；[5]宾语从句。
【解析】
64．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，应用其动词-ing形式作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
65．考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接两个并列成分“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang’s play was being performed”。故填and。
【点拨】对于状语(包括状语从句)、同位语、定语(包括定语从句)、插入语等非核心信息较多、结构复杂的长难句，我们可以通过锁定谓语动词，去掉各种非核心信息，厘清句子的主干，在简单句的层面上来判断设空处在句中所作的成分。
二、语篇中生僻词或短语增多，给考生理解句意造成障碍
【典例】(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)The GPNP[1] 60． (design)[2] to reflect the guiding principle [3]of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，61． leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”[4]．
[1]主语；[2]谓语；[3]目的状语；[4]介词短语作后置定语。其中protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems和preserving biological diversity以及protecting ecological buffer zones还有leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations均作介词的宾语。
【解析】
60．考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
61．考查连词。“protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems”，“preserving biological diversity”，“protecting ecological buffer zones”和“leaving behind precious natural assets”四者是动词-ing形式短语并列作of的宾语，因此用and连接。故填and。
【点拨】对于信息多、生词多的长难句，我们的破解办法是通过锁定谓语动词，厘清句子主干来拆解句子。
(1)如果是简单句，就锁定其为五大基本句型中的某一种；
(2)如果是复合句，则分别锁定主句和从句为五大基本句型中的某一种；然后再看定状补等修饰成分。
三、主语部分结构复杂、修饰语多，确定核心词困难
【典例】During the week-long public holiday，which ended on Oct．7[1]，large numbers of vacationers[2]，especially young professionals who long to escape busy city life[3]， (avoid) [4] popular holiday destinations[5] in order to get to places off the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quiet[6]．
[1]时间状语，其中含有非限制性定语从句；[2]主语；[3]同位语，其中含有who引导的限制性定语从句；[4]谓语；[5]宾语；[6]目的状语。
【解析】考查动词的时态。由句式分析可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语，由时间状语“During the week-long public holiday ，which ended on Oct．7”可知，此处应使用一般过去时，且avoid与主语之间为主动关系。故填avoided。
【点拨】分辨长难句主语的三个要点：
(1)长难句首先是一个句子，一般来说，必须拥有至少一个主谓结构。
(2)由that、what等引导的主语从句也要有完整的句子结构，从句后，紧跟着的是构成主句谓语的动词，即“主语从句＋谓语＋其他成分(状语、补语)”。
(3)当句首有状语成分时，在这个成分后，一般会有一个独立的名词词组、代词、动词-ing形式、不定式、从句等作主语，紧跟主语会有一个谓语形式的动词。
四、句式结构相似，容易混淆
【典例】His story，which 1． ( view ) more than 19 million times up till now[1]，has gone[2] viral[3]on social media platforms [4]and he wins admiration from its users[5]2． his courage，determination and hard work[6]．
[1]which引导的定语从句，修饰His story；[2]系动词；[3]表语；[4]地点状语；[5]地点状语；[6]原因状语。
【解析】
1．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，根据从句的时间状语“up till now”可知，应使用现在完成时；关系代词which 指代先行词His story，和 view之间为被动关系。故填has been viewed。
2．考查介词。在and之后的并列分句中，“ his courage ，determination and hard work”在句中作原因状语，表示他赢得钦佩的原因，设空处应使用介词。故填for。
【点拨】常见相似句式梳理
相似结构1
例如：
①The work of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project[1]，which will link China’s four main rivers when finished[2]，requires[3] the construction of three diversion routes，running south-to-north across the eastern，central and western parts of the country[4]，and[5] is expected[6] to cost $62 million—more than twice as much as the Three Gorges Dam．
[1]主语；[2]定语从句；[3]谓语；[4]动词-ing形式短语作后置定语；[5]连词；[6]谓语。
②The NaviCam[1]，a capsule endoscopy(内窥镜检查) system，which was developed by Ankon Medical Technologies in Shanghai[2]，shortens[3] the examination procedure to less than 15 minutes，avoids[4] the risk of cross infection and[5] enables[6] a painless stomach visualization．
相似结构2
例如：
①The eastern route[1]，which was put into operation in November 2013[2]，transforms [3] water from China’s Jiangsu Province to feed areas including Tianjin and Shandong．
②This system of China[1]，once launched[2]，would serve [3] as great assistance in determining the unexpected behavior of the asteroids(小行星)．
五、一个句子中出现多个主谓结构或多个从句套用
【典例】It is likely that [1] the children[2] whose parents gave them curfews and monitored their friend groups[3] (protect) [4] better from harmful behaviors that could have lifelong effects，like smoking or drinking[5]，the researchers said．
[1]主系表结构，It为形式主语；[2]主语从句的主语；[3]whose引导的定语从句；[4]主语从句的谓语；[5]that引导的定语从句。
【解析】考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。该句为主从复合句，句中包含五个主谓(含主系表)结构，我们可以先锁定句子的主干，然后利用从属连词或并列连词定位每一个主谓结构，然后分析设空处所在的句子结构。由上述分析可知，设空处在that引导的主语从句中作谓语；根据语境，该动作发生在过去，且和主语之间为被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数形式。故填were protected。
【点拨】
1．含有多个主谓结构的长难句
首先明确每一个主谓结构代表一个句子，句子之间应有连接词，然后根据已有的并列连词、从属连词和句意确定这些句子之间的关系，从而确定空处在句中所作成分。
2．从句套用类长难句
(1)首先利用连接词和主谓结构的个数厘清主句和从句的层次。
(2)然后找到主句的主干——主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾或主谓宾宾补。对每一个从句也使用同样的方法梳理其主干部分。
综合以上情况，我们不难看出这无疑对考生的句式分析能力提出了更高的要求，务必引起考生的高度重视。
语法“我”命题
Passage 1
【试题素材】
One person can make a great difference to the world．Tim Wong，a senior biologist，single-handedly brought a butterfly species struggling to live back to his home city of San Francisco．
Wong became aware of the butterfly species—the California pipevine swallowtail，which is native to San Francisco —several years ago．He was creating a pollinator (传粉者) habitat in his backyard when he realized extra help was needed for the butterflies．Although the species was seen in some other places，it almost disappeared from San Francisco because there were a limited number of the species’host plants，the California pipevine，in the city．So，Wong decided to help．
Fortunately，Wong was able to find the plant in the San Francisco Botanical Garden and was allowed to take home a few cuttings of the plant．He then planted the cuttings and built a large screen enclosure (围场) to make the butterflies live under outdoor environmental conditions．Once his butterfly garden was complete，Wong traveled around to carefully source 20 California pipevine swallowtail caterpillars (毛虫)．He took good care of them until they laid eggs on the pipevine plants and raised new caterpillars in the same habitat．“From there，” Wong said，“the cycle continues．”
Though Wong appreciates the attention to his favorite butterflies，he stressed that conservation can start anywhere．“Improving habitats for native species is something anyone can do，” Wong said．
【我来命题】
【命题参考】
One person can make a great difference to the world．Tim Wong，1． senior biologist，single-handedly brought a butterfly species 2． (struggle) to live back to his home city of San Francisco．
Wong became aware of the butterfly species — the California pipevine swallowtail，3． is native to San Francisco—several years ago．He was creating a pollinator (传粉者) habitat in his backyard when he realized extra help was needed 4． the butterflies．Although the species was seen in some other places，it almost disappeared from San Francisco because there were a 5． (limit) number of the species’host plants，the California pipevine，in the city．So，Wong decided to help．
6． (fortunate)，Wong was able to find the plant in the San Francisco Botanical Garden and was allowed to take home a few cuttings of the plant．He then planted the cuttings and built a large screen enclosure (围场) 7． (make) the butterflies live under outdoor environmental conditions．Once his butterfly garden was complete，Wong traveled around to carefully source 20 California pipevine swallowtail caterpillars (毛虫)．He took good care of 8． (they) until they laid eggs on the pipevine plants and raised new caterpillars in the same habitat．“From there，” Wong said，“the cycle continues．”
Though Wong appreciates the attention to his favorite butterflies，he stressed that 9． (conserve) can start anywhere．“Improving habitats for native species 10． (be) something anyone can do，” Wong said．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Tim Wong如何独自将旧金山本土的一个几乎消失的蝴蝶物种拯救回来的故事。
1．a [考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处意为“一个资深的生物学家”，表示泛指，故填不定冠词 a。]
2．struggling [考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处缺少a butterfly species的后置定语；且a butterfly species与struggle之间为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填struggling。]
3．which [考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺指物的主语。故填which。]
4．for [考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示需要额外帮助的对象。for“对于；为”，符合语境。故填for。]
5．limited [考查词性转换。分析语境可知，此处需用形容词作定语。故填 limited。]
6．Fortunately [考查词性转换。此处需用副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填 Fortunately。]
7．to make [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to make。]
8．them [考查代词。此处需用代词作介词 of的宾语，故填人称代词的宾格形式 them。]
9．conservation [考查词性转换。此处需用名词作主语。故填conservation。]
10．is [考查动词的主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，动词-ing形式短语在句子中作主语，表单数概念，且表示一般状况。故填is。]
Passage 2
【试题素材】
The Ganqiu Festival is one of the oldest traditional celebrations and social activities of the Miao ethnic group in China．It falls on the first day of “Liqiu”， which indicates the end of summer．Miao people settling down in Huayuan County，Fenghuang County，Jishou County，Luxi County and several other counties in Hunan Province hold a series of grand ceremonies to celebrate the day．The festival is not only an opportunity for Miao people to celebrate a good harvest，but an important social occasion for young Miao men and women as well．
According to local tales，Miao people drove out demons (恶魔) from their lands and began planting rice to build up their homeland．And due to their hard work，they were blessed with a harvest every autumn．Since then，the festival has remained a celebration of their victory，an expression of their appreciation for the harvest season，and a way to send blessings to others．
Having a long history，the Ganqiu Festival observes many customs passed down from generation to generation．Traditionally，during the day，Miao people wear colorful costumes and gather for a feast featuring attractive shows and sports activities．The festival was listed as national intangible cultural heritage in 2014 and later as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2016．
【我来命题】
【命题参考】
The Ganqiu Festival is one of the oldest traditional celebrations and social activities of the Miao ethnic group in China．It falls on the first day of “Liqiu”， 1． indicates the end of summer．Miao people 2． (settle) down in Huayuan County，Fenghuang County，Jishou County，Luxi County and several other counties in Hunan Province hold a series of grand 3． (ceremony) to celebrate the day．The festival is not only an opportunity for Miao people to celebrate a good harvest，but 4． important social occasion for young Miao men and women as well．
According to local tales，Miao people drove out demons (恶魔) from their lands and began planting rice to build up their homeland．And due to their hard work，they were blessed 5． a harvest every autumn．Since then，the festival has remained a celebration of their victory，an expression of their 6． (appreciate) for the harvest season，and a way to send blessings to others．
Having a long history，the Ganqiu Festival observes many customs 7． (pass) down from generation to generation．8． (traditional)，during the day，Miao people wear colorful costumes and gather for a feast featuring 9． (attract) shows and sports activities．The festival 10． (list) as national intangible cultural heritage in 2014 and later as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2016．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国苗族“赶秋节”的历史、活动和意义。
1．which [考查定语从句。根据句意，此处应填关系代词，指代 Liqiu，故填which。]
2．settling [考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词hold，此处应填非谓语动词修饰 people，二者为主动关系。故填settling。]
3．ceremonies [考查名词的数。根据空前的形容词grand 可知，此处应填名词，且ceremony为可数名词，故填复数形式 ceremonies。]
4．an [考查冠词。此处表示泛指，需填不定冠词，修饰可数名词短语important social occasion，且important 发音以元音音素开头。故填an。]
5．with [考查介词。be blessed with为固定搭配，表示“享有”。故填with。]
6．appreciation [考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词性物主代词 their 可知，此处应填appreciate的名词形式。故填appreciation。]
7．passed [考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词observes，此处应填非谓语动词。many customs 与pass down 为动宾关系，故填过去分词passed作后置定语。]
8．Traditionally [考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处表示“按照传统，苗族人会在节日那天穿上盛装……”，故填副词 Traditionally。]
9．attractive [考查词性转换。此处应填形容词修饰名词 shows，故填形容词attractive。]
10．was listed [考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 2014和in 2016 可知，此处应用过去时，主语festival为单数，且与list之间为被动关系，故填 was listed。]
Passage 3
【试题素材】
Dr．Karam，a talented surgeon，gained a reputation for doing complex liver transplants(肝脏移植)that were considered impossible by his peers．His talent and skills had saved many lives in numerous operations that other surgeons would give up on．He became known amongst patients as the miracle worker who could give hope to even the most desperate medical cases．
However，later in his promising career，Dr．Karam suffered severe nerve damage in both his hands due to a car accident—a condition that made holding medical instruments extremely painful and difficult．The accident did harm to the sensory nerves (感官神经) in his fingers，resulting in their loss of sensation and the damage of fine motor control．Even routine daily tasks like buttoning up his shirt caused him great pain due to nerve pain signals he constantly felt．
After struggling for many painful months when he could not perform operations，Dr．Karam designed special instruments to overcome his injury．He invented small braces (支架) with sensors and micro motors that helped gain accuracy control and stability back to his hands．With his determination and special tools，Dr．Karam soon began performing impressive operations again．
【我来命题】
【命题参考】
Dr．Karam，a talented surgeon，gained a reputation for doing complex liver transplants(肝脏移植)1． were considered impossible by his peers．His talent and skills had saved many lives in numerous operations that other surgeons would give up on．He became known amongst patients 2． the miracle worker who could give hope to even the most desperate medical cases．
However，later in his promising career，Dr．Karam suffered severe nerve damage in both his hands due to 3． car accident—a condition that made 4． (hold) medical instruments extremely painful and difficult．The accident did harm to the sensory nerves (感官神经) in his 5． (finger)，resulting in their loss of sensation and the damage of fine motor control．Even routine daily tasks like buttoning up his shirt caused him great pain due to nerve pain signals he 6． (constant) felt．
After struggling for many painful months when he could not perform operations，Dr．Karam designed special instruments 7． (overcome) his injury．He 8． (invent) small braces (支架) with sensors and micro motors that helped gain accuracy control and 9． (stable) back to his hands．With his determination and special tools，Dr．Karam soon began performing 10． (impress) operations again．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡拉姆医生因车祸双手受伤的故事。他通过发明特殊工具，恢复了手部的精确控制能力，并重新开展了手术。
1．that/which [考查定语从句。先行词是transplants，所填词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。]
2．as [考查介词。固定短语become known as ．．．，意为“作为……而为人熟知”。故填as。]
3．a [考查冠词。根据语境可知，这里泛指一次车祸，且car发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。]
4．holding [考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，所填词和medical instruments组成动宾短语作 make的宾语，故填动词-ing形式holding。]
5．fingers [考查名词的数。根据上文“Dr．Karam suffered severe nerve damage in both his hands”可知，这场交通事故造成了卡拉姆医生双手手指感官神经的损伤，故填名词复数形式fingers。]
6．constantly [考查词性转换。所填词修饰动词felt，故填副词形式constantly。]
7．to overcome [考查非谓语动词。所填非谓语动词作目的状语，故填动词不定式形式to overcome。]
8．invented [考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，本句应为一般过去时，故填动词的过去式 invented。]
9．stability [考查词性转换。所填词作宾语，结合空前的并列名词accuracy control可知，此处应填名词，故填stability。]
10．impressive [考查词性转换。所填词修饰名词operations，作定语，故填形容词impressive。]
Passage 4
【试题素材】
Yunshuiyao is located in the south of Fujian Province．It’s a peaceful and beautiful village with hundreds of years of history behind it，particularly with reference to the Jian clan (宗族)．The majority of the buildings there are clay houses built by gifted workers during the Qing Dynasty，including a big Ancestral Hall for the Jian family．There are several banyan trees (榕树) on the riverside，which are hundreds of years old．One of them has branches measuring over 30 meters in length．There are two famous tulous nearby．
Huaiyuan Lou was built in 1909，following the “connected rooms” design．Because of its short history，the whole building gets well preserved and thus serves as a good example of what a circular tulou should look like．Huaiyuan Lou is four storeys(楼层)high，with each floor holding 34 rooms．
Hegui Lou was built in 1732，originally with four storeys．Unfortunately，it was destroyed during an attack; it later had reconstruction and had five storeys．The main structure now has 28 rooms on each floor．There’s a front yard providing more space for residents．
These buildings are valuable and have a tendency to attract more and more tourists．
【我来命题】
【命题参考】
Yunshuiyao is located in the south of Fujian Province．It’s a peaceful and beautiful village with hundreds of years of history behind it，particularly with 1． (refer) to the Jian clan (宗族)．The majority of the buildings there are clay houses built by 2． (gift) workers during the Qing Dynasty，including a big Ancestral Hall for the Jian family．There are several banyan trees (榕树) on the riverside，which are hundreds of years old．One of them has branches measuring over 30 meters 3． length．There are two famous tulous nearby．
Huaiyuan Lou was built in 1909，following the “connected rooms” design．Because of its short history，the whole building gets well 4． (preserve) and thus serves as a good example of 5． a circular tulou should look like．Huaiyuan Lou is four storeys(楼层)high，with each floor 6． (hold) 34 rooms．
Hegui Lou was built in 1732，7． (original) with four storeys．Unfortunately，it 8． (destroy) during an attack; it later had reconstruction and had five storeys．The main structure now has 28 rooms on each floor．There’s 9． front yard providing more space for residents．
These buildings are valuable and have a tendency 10． (attract) more and more tourists．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了云水谣这个地方，它地处中国福建省，属于世界文化遗产“福建土楼”的一个景区，这儿有百年老榕树和神奇土楼等。
1．reference [考查词性转换。所填词作宾语，结合空前的介词可知，应填动词refer 的名词形式。 with reference to 意为“关于”。故填reference。]
2．gifted [考查词性转换。所填词修饰名词workers，作定语，需填 gift的形容词形式，表示“有天赋的”。故填gifted。]
3．in [考查介词。根据句意可知，句子使用了固定短语“in length”，意为“在长度方面”。故填in。]
4．preserved [考查非谓语动词。所填词作系动词 gets 的表语，起形容词的作用，且逻辑主语 the whole building和preserve之间是被动关系， 故用过去分词形式。]
5．what [考查连词。所填连词引导的是宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，连词在从句中作主语，故填what。]
6．holding [考查非谓语动词。所填动词作介词with 的宾语补足语，且表主动，故用动词-ing形式。]
7．originally [考查词性转换。所填词修饰介词短语，故用副词形式。]
8．was destroyed [考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。主语it与 destroy之间是被动关系，结合前后句的语境可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。]
9．a [考查冠词。yard是一个可数名词，该句中泛指“一个院子”，且被修饰词以辅音音素开头，故填a。]
10．to attract [考查非谓语动词。tendency 意为“趋势”，后跟不定式作定语，故填to attract。]
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