Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
关系副词引导的定语从句
美文诵读 语法体悟
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night's rest？Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past． A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems．Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep．One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night's sleep is pressure from school or work．Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems．In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating．In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack．Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers．They are still growing and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster．Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down and their health suffers． So，if you have trouble getting a good night's sleep，it might be time to make some changes to your lifestyle． 左边斜体的定语从句的关系词都是关系副词，分别是：when，why，when，where，这些词在从句中都作状语，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词要用when，如：①③；如果先行词是表示地点或抽象地点的名词如situation，stage等时，关系词要用where，如：④；如果先行词是reason，关系词要用why，如：②。
一、关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 指代的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
I still remember the days when we stayed in England．
我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．
这是我去年待过的山村。
She came around to explain the reason why she was absent from the meeting．
她来这里是为了解释她缺席这次会议的原因。
[名师点津] (1)当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，stage等表示抽象意义的名词时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong．
他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
(2)point作先行词，表示“时间”时，用when引导定语从句；表示“地点”时，用where引导定语从句。
We had reached the point when there was no money left．
我们已经沦落到身无分文的地步。
They walked to the point where the river divides．
他们走到了那条河的分岔点。
用关系副词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
①She is going to live in China．She has some close friends in China．
→___________________________________________________________________
②I enjoy the peaceful days．I have time to think and work on my own on the peaceful days．
→___________________________________________________________________
③I'm going to town on Friday．I will meet my uncle from Beijing on Friday．
→___________________________________________________________________
④We can always find some reasons．We give up for these reasons．
→___________________________________________________________________
二、关系代词与关系副词的选用
定语从句的关系词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下方式判断：看指代先行词的关系词在从句中所作的成分，在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词；在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？
Do you still remember the days(that/which) we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held
这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？
Is this the museum that/which was built two years ago
这就是两年前建的那家博物馆吗？
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday．
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
I won't listen to the reason(that/which) you have given us．
我不会听你给我们的那个理由。
单句语法填空
①Do you still remember the factory ________ we worked twenty years ago
②I still remember the days ____________ we spent together in the city．
③Is this the so-called reasonable reason ________ he refused our offer
④We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before．
⑤The reason ____________ he gave for his being away for such a long time was that his mother was ill．
⑥He has reached the stage ________ he thinks he can get over any problem in learning English．
1．(教材原句)Our accommodation is perfect．
*accommodation n．住处，工作场所[accommodate v．容纳(乘客等)；供应；(使)适应；帮忙]
(1)make/provide accommodation for 为……提供住处
(2)accommodate(sth．) to sth． 顺应；适应(新情况)
accommodate oneself to 使自己适应于……
accommodate sb．(with sth．) 帮忙；给……提供方便
[名师点津] accommodation意为“住宿，膳宿”时，通常用其复数。
单句语法填空/单句写作
①After the earthquake，the important thing was to provide ________(accommodation) for the homeless families．
②Wherever he goes，he is able to accommodate himself ________ the new environment．
③He will accommodate me ________ the use of his house while he is abroad．
④(应用文写作之求助信)如果你能为我的住宿作出必要的安排，那就更好了。
It will be better if you can ________________________________________．
2．(教材原句)English idioms are a way of adding colour to the language．
*add...to...把……加到……里
(1)add to 增加；增添
add up 把……加起来
add up to 合计达
(2)in addition 另外，此外
in addition to 除……之外
单句语法填空/词汇升级
①Add ________ all the figures and find out what they add up ________．
②Fireworks add ________ a festive atmosphere．
③(应用文写作之建议信)Additionally，to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly，I suggest that you put three to four students together．
→____________，to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly，I suggest that you put three to four students together．
Period 4
语法精讲
即时训练1
①She is going to live in China where she has some close friends． ②I enjoy the peaceful days when I have time to think and work on my own． ③I'm going to town on Friday when I will meet my uncle from Beijing． ④We can always find some reasons why we give up．
即时训练2
①where ②which/that ③why ④when ⑤that/which ⑥where
核心词汇
1．①accommodations ②to ③with ④make necessary arrangements for my accommodations
2．①up；to ②to ③In addition
1/1(共79张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
Unit 5
Into the wild
Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
主题语境 人与自然——人与动植物
关系副词引导的定语从句
美文诵读
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night's rest？Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past．
美文诵读
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems．Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep．One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night's sleep is pressure from school or work．Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems．In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating．In the long
美文诵读
term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack．Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers．They are still growing and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster．Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down and their health suffers．
So，if you have trouble getting a good night's sleep，it might be time to make some changes to your lifestyle．
语法体悟
左边斜体的定语从句的关系词都是关系副词，分别是：when，why，when，where，这些词在从句中都作状语，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词要用when，如：①③；如果先行词是表示地点或抽象地点的名词如situation，stage等时，关系词要用where，如：④；如果先行词是reason，关系词要用why，如：②。
一、关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 指代的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
I still remember the days when we stayed in England．
我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．
这是我去年待过的山村。
She came around to explain the reason why she was absent from the meeting．
她来这里是为了解释她缺席这次会议的原因。
[名师点津] (1)当先行词是case， condition， situation， position， stage等表示抽象意义的名词时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong．
他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
(2)point作先行词，表示“时间”时，用when引导定语从句；表示“地点”时，用where引导定语从句。
We had reached the point when there was no money left．
我们已经沦落到身无分文的地步。
They walked to the point where the river divides．
他们走到了那条河的分岔点。
即时训练1 用关系副词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
①She is going to live in China．She has some close friends in China．
→_________________________________________________________
②I enjoy the peaceful days．I have time to think and work on my own on the peaceful days．
→_____________________________________________________________
She is going to live in China where she has some close friends．
I enjoy the peaceful days when I have time to think and work on my own．
③I'm going to town on Friday．I will meet my uncle from Beijing on Friday．
→__________________________________________________________________________________
④We can always find some reasons．We give up for these reasons．
→_________________________________________________________
I'm going to town on Friday when I will meet my uncle from Beijing．
We can always find some reasons why we give up．
二、关系代词与关系副词的选用
定语从句的关系词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下方式判断：看指代先行词的关系词在从句中所作的成分，在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词；在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？
Do you still remember the days(that/which) we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held
这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？
Is this the museum that/which was built two years ago
这就是两年前建的那家博物馆吗？
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday．
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
I won't listen to the reason(that/which) you have given us．
我不会听你给我们的那个理由。
即时训练2 单句语法填空
①Do you still remember the factory _____ we worked twenty years ago
②I still remember the days ___________ we spent together in the city．
③Is this the so-called reasonable reason ____ he refused our offer
④We live in an age _____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before．
where
which/that
why
when
⑤The reason ___________ he gave for his being away for such a long time was that his mother was ill．
⑥He has reached the stage ______ he thinks he can get over any problem in learning English．
that/which
where
1．(教材原句)Our accommodation is perfect．
*accommodation n．住处，工作场所[accommodate v．容纳(乘客等)；供应；(使)适应；帮忙]
(1)make/provide accommodation for 为……提供住处
(2)accommodate(sth．) to sth． 顺应；适应(新情况)
accommodate oneself to 使自己适应于……
accommodate sb．(with sth．) 帮忙；给……提供方便
[名师点津] accommodation意为“住宿，膳宿”时，通常用其复数。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①After the earthquake，the important thing was to provide ______________ (accommodation) for the homeless families．
②Wherever he goes，he is able to accommodate himself __ the new environment．
③He will accommodate me ____ the use of his house while he is abroad．
accommodations
to
with
④(应用文写作之求助信)如果你能为我的住宿作出必要的安排，那就更好了。
It will be better if you can _____________________________________
_____________________．
make necessary arrangements for my
accommodations
2．(教材原句)English idioms are a way of adding colour to the language．
*add...to...把……加到……里
(1)add to 增加；增添
add up 把……加起来
add up to 合计达
(2)in addition 另外，此外
in addition to 除……之外
即学即练 单句语法填空/词汇升级
①Add __ all the figures and find out what they add up __．
②Fireworks add __ a festive atmosphere．
③(应用文写作之建议信)Additionally，to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly，I suggest that you put three to four students together．
→____________，to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly，I suggest that you put three to four students together．
up
to
to
In addition
课时提升作业(十四) (Unit 5 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：88分)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．Later，people used this _____ (成语) to indicate failing in an examination or competition．
2．We can provide _____________ (住处) for six people at a push．
idiom
accommodation
3．A “rule” is the exercise of _________ (权力) and control．
4．Peas，beans and lentils are a good ______ (来源) of vegetable protein．
5．The school has come a long way since it was _______ (创建) half a century ago．
authority
source
founded
Ⅱ．完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
I still remember the time ____________________________________．
2．我们中的每个人都不得不面临必须做出抉择的时刻。
Every one of us has to face a time _____________________________．
3．我们生活在一个人们在很多方面互相帮助的社会里。
We are living in a society ________________________________ in many ways．
when I first traveled by plane
when we must make a choice
where people help each other
4．在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多困难的情况，在这些情况下，事情会出错。
As you go through your daily life，you will encounter many difficult situations ______________________________．
5．你的英语取得很大进步的原因是你改进了学习方法。
The reason _________________________________________________
you've improved your study methods．
where things will go wrong
why you've made great progress in English is that
6．他告诉我们他被困在山里的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。
He told us that he had to survive on little food during the days _______________________________________．
7．她来向我解释她缺席我的婚礼仪式的原因。
She has come to explain the reason ___________________________ my wedding ceremony to me．
8．有一段时间，他厌倦学日语，并且不喜欢说日语。
There was a time ________________________ learning Japanese and disliked speaking Japanese．
when he was stuck in the mountain
why she was absent from
when he was tired of
9．一看到那张照片就让我回想起我们住在延安的日子。
The sight of the picture brought me back to the days _______________ in Yan'an．
10．这俩好朋友到了必须彼此分开的地步。
These two good friends have reached the point _____________________
__________ from each other．
when we lived
where they have to
separate
Ⅲ．用定语从句补全短文(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
When it comes to iconic animals in China，the first thing that comes to my mind is definitely the giant panda．
The panda is one of the rarest animals in the world．It is a large animal with black and white fur 1．______________________________
______(生活在中国山区)．Looking quiet and lovely，it can actually be fierce．When it roars，the noise is like a train passing through a tunnel．The reason 2．______________________________________ (竹子对熊猫如此重要) is that an adult panda eats 10－18 kilograms of bamboo each day and it spends 12－16 hours a day finding and eating bamboo．
that/which lives in the mountains of China
why bamboo is so important for pandas
There was a time 3．_____________________________________ (熊猫担任过和平大使)，and have been sent to other countries as gifts，4．___________________________________ (在那里它们受到了热烈的欢迎)．
when pandas served as a peace ambassador
where they have received a warm welcome
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Killer whales are mama's boys．A son will follow his mother，taking bits of fish and other food，throughout his life，even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own．This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom，who gives up having additional children to look after her boy，according to a new study．
Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond(纽带) in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America．These animals live for tens of years，yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom，swimming right beside her like they're still babies”．
Weiss wanted to know whether these children came at a cost—particularly，whether they hurt a mother's fertility(生育能力)．He and his team studied 40 years' worth of data on three Pacific pods(小群动物)．Sure enough，the team found a “huge effect”．
In a given year，mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as childless females or mothers of daughters．
Noticeably，both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom's chances of having more children，Weiss says．
The researchers suggest mom's favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods．When a daughter gives birth，her babies stay in the same group and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention．By contrast，a son doesn't bring more mouths into the group—he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units．
His kids are thus “someone else's problem”，Weiss explains．So，it makes sense for his mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition．The team didn't find out exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies．Weiss says he hopes to do more research in different species of whales．But now，killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom．“In other animals，” he says，“at some point，you just stop depending on your mom as much．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。
1．What's the main topic of the article
A．The social structure of killer whale pods．
B．The difference in parental care across different whales．
C．The behavior of male killer whales towards their mothers．
D．The impact of mother-son bond on female killer whales' fertility．
√
D [主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Killer whales are mama's boys...who gives up having additional children to look after her boy，according to a new study．”和第三段中“Weiss wanted to know whether these children came at a cost — particularly，whether they hurt a mother's fertility．”可知，文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。]
2．What can we learn about a mother killer whale's chance of having more babies
A．A mother of a son won't have another baby．
B．It is obviously reduced when she has a son．
C．A mother of daughters has the least chance．
D．It changes with the social structure of the pod．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第四段“In a given year，mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as childless females or mothers of daughters．Noticeably，both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom's chances of having more children，Weiss says．”可知，当母鲸有儿子时，她生更多孩子的可能性明显会下降。]
3．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys
A．To gain support from boys．
B．To compete with other pods．
C．To reduce competition for resources．
D．To develop the pod's population．
√
C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers suggest mom's favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods...he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units．”可推知，母亲偏爱儿子的原因之一是为了节约食物，减少群体内的竞争。]
4．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups
A．It is not common in nature．
B．It shows that killer whales have feelings．
C．It doesn't exist in other species of whales．
D．It slows male killer whales' development．
√
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Weiss says he hopes to do more research in different species of whales．But now，killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom．‘In other animals，’he says，‘at some point，you just stop depending on your mom as much．’”可推知，Weiss认为虎鲸这种母子关系在自然中并不常见。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
All living things need energy to move and grow．Energy can come in many different forms． 1 While energy cannot be created nor destroyed，it can be converted(转换) between different forms．
Where do plants get their energy They get their energy from the sun．Plants absorb sunlight with their leaves． 2 This chemical process is called photosynthesis．Photosynthesis means“making out of light”．The energy from the sun，light energy，is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis．
Plants are called producers because they produce their own food．Producers form the base of every food chain in an ecosystem．Plants are eaten by animals，which are eaten by larger animals．For example，a plant takes in energy from the sun and turns it into plant food． 3 Then，a human eats the rabbit．The energy the human gets from the food is originally from the sun!
The food humans eat provides us with energy．When we chew and digest food，a chemical reaction takes place． 4 We require energy from food for basic functions，like moving and breathing．Energy from food also helps our body repair itself and stay warm．
5 Wholefoods(全天然食品)，like kale，contain lots of important nutrients，such as calcium(钙) and potassium(钾)．Sugary foods，like candy，do not contain as many nutrients．Wholefoods can provide us with enough energy over long periods of time．So are you more energized throughout the day
A．The energy produced from this reaction fuels our bodies．
B．That plant might be eaten by a rabbit，giving the rabbit energy．
C．Notice how you feel when you eat wholefoods like vegetables and fruit．
D．Through this process，energy from the sun is moved from one living thing to another．
E．They use the sun's energy to change water and carbon dioxide into plant food and oxygen．
F．The amount of energy we get from food depends on which nutrients are in the food we eat．
G．For example，light energy，heat energy，and chemical energy are all different forms of energy．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了能量的来源和作用，以及植物、动物和人类如何获取和利用能量。
1．G [上文“Energy can come in many different forms．”提到能源有多种形式，G项“例如，光能、热能和化学能都是不同形式的能源”举例说明能源有哪些形式，上下文语意连贯。]
2．E [下文“This chemical process is called photosynthesis．”提出光合作用的概念，根据句中“This chemical process”可知，上文会讲到光合作用。E项“它们利用太阳的能量将水和二氧化碳转化为植物的食物和氧气”正是光合作用的过程，且句中“the sun's energy”照应上文中“Plants absorb sunlight”。]
3．B [下文“Then，a human eats the rabbit．”中“the rabbit”是特指，可推知设空句中会提到兔子，B项“那种植物可能会被兔子吃掉，给兔子提供能量”中提到下文中出现的兔子，且与上下文衔接连贯。]
4．A [下文“We require energy from food for basic functions，like moving and breathing．Energy from food also helps our body repair itself and stay warm．”指出从食物中获取能量的作用，A项“这种反应产生的能量为我们的身体提供能量”符合语境。且A项中的“this reaction”照应上文中“a chemical reaction takes place”。]
5．F [下文“Wholefoods...Wholefoods can provide us with enough energy over long periods of time．”举例说明了不同食物中的不同营养物质，F项“我们从食物中获得的能量值取决于我们吃的食物中含有哪些营养物质”引出下文。]
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
The word “hero” is usually used to describe a person who does some brave act．This story，however，is about a male cat named Paley．The cat 1 a woman．
Marci and Jean are two women living at Spring Grove Apartments．They found Paley on the street and wanted to make a 2 for the homeless cat，but he was not 3 and he continued to sleep anywhere he liked．So the women took turns 4 him．They made sure he could keep warm in the cold winter nights．Both women had 5 with raising cats as they were keeping their own cats as well．Slowly but surely，Paley started getting 6 with the kind women．He would sometimes allow them to 7 him，and would even sit on their legs．
One night，Jean was told that Paley was crying and acting 8 ．
Jean found Paley was a little 9 and refused to reply to Jean when she called him like before．Jean knew something was not 10 ．She thought the cat wanted to be 11 ，so she walked after him．Paley led her to a large tree．That was when Jean saw a woman 12 on the snow．She didn't reply when Jean called her．Jean had worked in a hospital for many years and 13 what to do．She quickly called the police and cared for her． 14 ，the woman was fine in the end．
This story shows that 15 come in all appearances and sizes，and even pets and animals can be heroic．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一只叫Paley的猫救了一个女人的英勇故事。
1．A．trusted B．supported
C．saved D．influenced
√
C [根据上文“who does some brave act(做出某种英勇的行为)”以及下文内容可知，Paley救了一个女人，故选C。]
2．A．home B．meal
C．job D．rugby
√
A [根据下文“the homeless cat”可知，Paley无家可归，她们想为他建一个家，故选A。]
3．A．confident B．interested
C．aimless D．amazed
√
B [根据下文“he continued to sleep anywhere he liked”可知，Paley继续睡在他喜欢的地方，说明他对于她们建的家不感兴趣。]
4．A．looking for B．looking into
C．looking at D．looking after
√
D [根据下文“They made sure he could keep warm in the cold winter nights．”可知，她们轮流照顾Paley。]
5．A．breakdown B．experience
C．difficulty D．balance
√
B [根据下文“as they were keeping their own cats as well”可知，她们有养猫的经验。]
6．A．comfortable B．passive
C．bored D．anxious
√
A [根据上文她们照顾Paley以及空后“with the kind women”可知，Paley开始对她们感到自在。]
7．A．rent B．challenge
C．touch D．press
√
C [根据下文“and would even sit on their legs”可知，Paley愿意让她们抚摸自己。]
8．A．freely B．similarly
C．responsibly D．strangely
√
D [根据下文“refused to reply to Jean when she called him like before”可知，Paley不像以前一样，故行为奇怪。]
9．A．abnormal B．secure
C．professional D．potential
√
A [根据下文“refused to reply to Jean when she called him like before”可知，Paley很反常。]
10．A．ready B．possible
C．right D．important
√
C [结合上文提到Paley很反常可知，事情有些不正常。]
11．A．accepted B．followed
C．challenged D．caught
√
B [根据下文“so she walked after him”可知，猫想让Jean跟着他。]
12．A．lying B．walking
C．working D．riding
√
A [根据下文“She didn't reply when Jean called her．”可知，她不回应，说明她无意识，故是躺在雪地里。]
13．A．doubted B．forgot
C．explained D．knew
√
D [根据下文“She quickly called the police and cared for her．”可知，Jean知道该怎么做。]
14．A．Naturally B．Luckily
C．Suddenly D．Surprisingly
√
B [根据下文“the woman was fine in the end”可知，这是一件幸运的事。]
15．A．friends B．animals
C．heroes D．favorites
√
C [根据第一段中提到的“hero”和下文“and even pets and animals can be heroic”可知，此处呼应第一段中的hero。]
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Do you like eating insects In the past decades，insects 1．______________ (become) a familiar sight on dinner tables．One reason is that people are concerned about the environment．Traditional livestock farming is harmful 2．_____ the environment as it is generally unsustainable．Raising insects is much more environmentally friendly．One kilogram of insect protein needs about 10 percent of the feed，water and land used to produce the same amount of beef．3．______________ (expert) say farming insects is better for the
have become
to
Experts
environment than raising livestock．Another reason 4．_____ we may have to eat insects is that the world's population is increasing 5．_________ (rapid)．By 2050 this is expected 6．_________ (be) 9.8 billion，up from the current 7.7 billion．
why
rapidly
to be
The insect farming industry is growing quickly．There are hundreds of companies worldwide creating meals 7．________________ (make) from insects．There are stores in Tokyo，Japan，8．____________ you can purchase a can of insect snacks．The menu includes dried tarantulas and scorpions．However，not everyone is 9．____________
(excite) by the idea of insects as food．10．______ insect farmer said，“Maybe I will find insects tasty someday，but not right now．”
made
where
excited
An
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了昆虫在未来可能会成为饭桌上一道常见的菜。
1．have become [考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处insects为主语，为复数，时间状语为in the past decades，应用现在完成时，故填have become。]
2．to [考查介词。此处为固定短语be harmful to，意为“对……有害”，故填to。]
3．Experts [考查名词复数。此处主语expert“专家”为可数名词，且根据谓语动词say可知，主语应为复数；位于句首，首字母大写，故填Experts。]
4．why [考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，先行词为reason，故填why。]
5．rapidly [考查副词。此处应用副词修饰谓语动词，故填rapidly。]
6．to be [考查非谓语动词。此处为be expected to do sth，意为“预计做某事”，故填to be。]
7．made [考查非谓语动词。此处为meals的定语，且meals与make之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填made。]
8．where [考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，先行词为stores，故填where。]
9．excited [考查形容词。此空作表语，修饰人，应用-ed结尾的形容词，故填excited。]
10．An [考查冠词。此处farmer“农民”为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个农民”，insect发音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an；位于句首，首字母大写，故填An。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(十四) (Unit 5 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：88分)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分)
1．Later，people used this (成语) to indicate failing in an examination or competition．
2．We can provide (住处) for six people at a push．
3．A “rule” is the exercise of (权力) and control．
4．Peas，beans and lentils are a good (来源) of vegetable protein．
5．The school has come a long way since it was (创建) half a century ago．
Ⅱ．完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
I still remember the time ．
2．我们中的每个人都不得不面临必须做出抉择的时刻。
Every one of us has to face a time ．
3．我们生活在一个人们在很多方面互相帮助的社会里。
We are living in a society in many ways．
4．在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多困难的情况，在这些情况下，事情会出错。
As you go through your daily life，you will encounter many difficult situations ．
5．你的英语取得很大进步的原因是你改进了学习方法。
The reason you've improved your study methods．
6．他告诉我们他被困在山里的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。
He told us that he had to survive on little food during the days ．
7．她来向我解释她缺席我的婚礼仪式的原因。
She has come to explain the reason my wedding ceremony to me．
8．有一段时间，他厌倦学日语，并且不喜欢说日语。
There was a time learning Japanese and disliked speaking Japanese．
9．一看到那张照片就让我回想起我们住在延安的日子。
The sight of the picture brought me back to the days in Yan'an．
10．这俩好朋友到了必须彼此分开的地步。
These two good friends have reached the point from each other．
Ⅲ．用定语从句补全短文(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
When it comes to iconic animals in China，the first thing that comes to my mind is definitely the giant panda．
The panda is one of the rarest animals in the world．It is a large animal with black and white fur 1． (生活在中国山区)．Looking quiet and lovely，it can actually be fierce．When it roars，the noise is like a train passing through a tunnel．The reason 2． (竹子对熊猫如此重要) is that an adult panda eats 10－18 kilograms of bamboo each day and it spends 12－16 hours a day finding and eating bamboo．
There was a time 3． (熊猫担任过和平大使)，and have been sent to other countries as gifts，4． (在那里它们受到了热烈的欢迎)．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2．5分，满分10分)
Killer whales are mama's boys．A son will follow his mother，taking bits of fish and other food，throughout his life，even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own．This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom，who gives up having additional children to look after her boy，according to a new study．
Michael Weiss has observed the mother son bond(纽带) in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America．These animals live for tens of years，yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom，swimming right beside her like they're still babies”．
Weiss wanted to know whether these children came at a cost—particularly，whether they hurt a mother's fertility(生育能力)．He and his team studied 40 years' worth of data on three Pacific pods(小群动物)．Sure enough，the team found a “huge effect”．
In a given year，mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as childless females or mothers of daughters．Noticeably，both a 3 year old son and an 18 year old son lowered their mom's chances of having more children，Weiss says．
The researchers suggest mom's favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods．When a daughter gives birth，her babies stay in the same group and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention．By contrast，a son doesn't bring more mouths into the group—he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units．
His kids are thus “someone else's problem”，Weiss explains．So，it makes sense for his mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition．The team didn't find out exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies．Weiss says he hopes to do more research in different species of whales．But now，killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom．“In other animals，” he says，“at some point，you just stop depending on your mom as much．”
1．What's the main topic of the article
A．The social structure of killer whale pods．
B．The difference in parental care across different whales．
C．The behavior of male killer whales towards their mothers．
D．The impact of mother son bond on female killer whales' fertility．
2．What can we learn about a mother killer whale's chance of having more babies
A．A mother of a son won't have another baby．
B．It is obviously reduced when she has a son．
C．A mother of daughters has the least chance．
D．It changes with the social structure of the pod．
3．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys
A．To gain support from boys．
B．To compete with other pods．
C．To reduce competition for resources．
D．To develop the pod's population．
4．What does Weiss think of the mother son bond in killer whale groups
A．It is not common in nature．
B．It shows that killer whales have feelings．
C．It doesn't exist in other species of whales．
D．It slows male killer whales' development．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分)
All living things need energy to move and grow．Energy can come in many different forms． 1 While energy cannot be created nor destroyed，it can be converted(转换) between different forms．
Where do plants get their energy They get their energy from the sun．Plants absorb sunlight with their leaves． 2 This chemical process is called photosynthesis．Photosynthesis means“making out of light”． The energy from the sun，light energy，is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis．
Plants are called producers because they produce their own food．Producers form the base of every food chain in an ecosystem．Plants are eaten by animals，which are eaten by larger animals．For example，a plant takes in energy from the sun and turns it into plant food． 3 Then，a human eats the rabbit．The energy the human gets from the food is originally from the sun!
The food humans eat provides us with energy．When we chew and digest food，a chemical reaction takes place． 4 We require energy from food for basic functions，like moving and breathing．Energy from food also helps our body repair itself and stay warm．
5 Wholefoods(全天然食品)，like kale，contain lots of important nutrients，such as calcium(钙) and potassium(钾)．Sugary foods，like candy，do not contain as many nutrients．Wholefoods can provide us with enough energy over long periods of time．So are you more energized throughout the day
A．The energy produced from this reaction fuels our bodies．
B．That plant might be eaten by a rabbit，giving the rabbit energy．
C．Notice how you feel when you eat wholefoods like vegetables and fruit．
D．Through this process，energy from the sun is moved from one living thing to another．
E．They use the sun's energy to change water and carbon dioxide into plant food and oxygen．
F．The amount of energy we get from food depends on which nutrients are in the food we eat．
G．For example，light energy，heat energy，and chemical energy are all different forms of energy．
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
The word “hero” is usually used to describe a person who does some brave act．This story，however，is about a male cat named Paley．The cat 1 a woman．
Marci and Jean are two women living at Spring Grove Apartments．They found Paley on the street and wanted to make a 2 for the homeless cat，but he was not 3 and he continued to sleep anywhere he liked．So the women took turns 4 him．They made sure he could keep warm in the cold winter nights．Both women had 5 with raising cats as they were keeping their own cats as well．Slowly but surely，Paley started getting 6 with the kind women．He would sometimes allow them to 7 him，and would even sit on their legs．
One night，Jean was told that Paley was crying and acting 8 ．Jean found Paley was a little 9 and refused to reply to Jean when she called him like before．Jean knew something was not 10 ．She thought the cat wanted to be 11 ，so she walked after him．Paley led her to a large tree．That was when Jean saw a woman 12 on the snow．She didn't reply when Jean called her．Jean had worked in a hospital for many years and 13 what to do．She quickly called the police and cared for her． 14 ，the woman was fine in the end．
This story shows that 15 come in all appearances and sizes，and even pets and animals can be heroic．
1．A．trusted B．supported
C．saved D．influenced
2．A．home B．meal
C．job D．rugby
3．A．confident B．interested
C．aimless D．amazed
4．A．looking for B．looking into
C．looking at D．looking after
5．A．breakdown B．experience
C．difficulty D．balance
6．A．comfortable B．passive
C．bored D．anxious
7．A．rent B．challenge
C．touch D．press
8．A．freely B．similarly
C．responsibly D．strangely
9．A．abnormal B．secure
C．professional D．potential
10．A．ready B．possible
C．right D．important
11．A．accepted B．followed
C．challenged D．caught
12．A．lying B．walking
C．working D．riding
13．A．doubted B．forgot
C．explained D．knew
14．A．Naturally B．Luckily
C．Suddenly D．Surprisingly
15．A．friends B．animals
C．heroes D．favorites
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
Do you like eating insects In the past decades，insects 1． (become) a familiar sight on dinner tables．One reason is that people are concerned about the environment．Traditional livestock farming is harmful 2． the environment as it is generally unsustainable．Raising insects is much more environmentally friendly．One kilogram of insect protein needs about 10 percent of the feed，water and land used to produce the same amount of beef．3． (expert) say farming insects is better for the environment than raising livestock．Another reason 4． we may have to eat insects is that the world's population is increasing 5． (rapid)．By 2050 this is expected 6． (be) 9．8 billion，up from the current 7．7 billion．
The insect farming industry is growing quickly．There are hundreds of companies worldwide creating meals 7． (make) from insects．There are stores in Tokyo，Japan，8． you can purchase a can of insect snacks．The menu includes dried tarantulas and scorpions．However，not everyone is 9． (excite) by the idea of insects as food．10． insect farmer said，“Maybe I will find insects tasty someday，but not right now．”
课时提升作业(十四)
基础过关
Ⅰ．1．idiom 2．accommodation 3．authority 4．source 5．founded
Ⅱ．1．when I first traveled by plane 2．when we must make a choice 3．where people help each other 4．where things will go wrong 5．why you've made great progress in English is that 6．when he was stuck in the mountain 7．why she was absent from 8．when he was tired of 9．when we lived 10．where they have to separate
Ⅲ．1．that/which lives in the mountains of China 2．why bamboo is so important for pandas 3．when pandas served as a peace ambassador 4．where they have received a warm welcome
能力提升
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4
DBCA B C A
Ⅱ．
1 2 3 4 5
GEBAF E B A F
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C A B D B A C D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A C B A D B C
Ⅳ．1．have become 2．to 3．Experts 4．why 5．rapidly 6．to be 7．made 8．where 9．excited 10．An
能力提升
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。
1．D [主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Killer whales are mama's boys...who gives up having additional children to look after her boy，according to a new study．”和第三段中“Weiss wanted to know whether these children came at a cost — particularly，whether they hurt a mother's fertility．”可知，文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第四段“In a given year，mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as childless females or mothers of daughters．Noticeably，both a 3yearold son and an 18yearold son lowered their mom's chances of having more children，Weiss says．”可知，当母鲸有儿子时，她生更多孩子的可能性明显会下降。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers suggest mom's favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods...he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units．”可推知，母亲偏爱儿子的原因之一是为了节约食物，减少群体内的竞争。]
4．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Weiss says he hopes to do more research in different species of whales．But now，killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom．‘In other animals，’he says，‘at some point，you just stop depending on your mom as much．’”可推知，Weiss认为虎鲸这种母子关系在自然中并不常见。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了能量的来源和作用，以及植物、动物和人类如何获取和利用能量。
1．G [上文“Energy can come in many different forms．”提到能源有多种形式，G项“例如，光能、热能和化学能都是不同形式的能源”举例说明能源有哪些形式，上下文语意连贯。]
2．E [下文“This chemical process is called photosynthesis．”提出光合作用的概念，根据句中“This chemical process”可知，上文会讲到光合作用。E项“它们利用太阳的能量将水和二氧化碳转化为植物的食物和氧气”正是光合作用的过程，且句中“the sun's energy”照应上文中“Plants absorb sunlight”。]
3．B [下文“Then，a human eats the rabbit．”中“the rabbit”是特指，可推知设空句中会提到兔子，B项“那种植物可能会被兔子吃掉，给兔子提供能量”中提到下文中出现的兔子，且与上下文衔接连贯。]
4．A [下文“We require energy from food for basic functions，like moving and breathing．Energy from food also helps our body repair itself and stay warm．”指出从食物中获取能量的作用，A项“这种反应产生的能量为我们的身体提供能量”符合语境。且A项中的“this reaction”照应上文中“a chemical reaction takes place”。]
5．F [下文“Wholefoods...Wholefoods can provide us with enough energy over long periods of time．”举例说明了不同食物中的不同营养物质，F项“我们从食物中获得的能量值取决于我们吃的食物中含有哪些营养物质”引出下文。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一只叫Paley的猫救了一个女人的英勇故事。
1．C [根据上文“who does some brave act(做出某种英勇的行为)”以及下文内容可知，Paley救了一个女人，故选C。]
2．A [根据下文“the homeless cat”可知，Paley无家可归，她们想为他建一个家，故选A。]
3．B [根据下文“he continued to sleep anywhere he liked”可知，Paley继续睡在他喜欢的地方，说明他对于她们建的家不感兴趣。]
4．D [根据下文“They made sure he could keep warm in the cold winter nights．”可知，她们轮流照顾Paley。]
5．B [根据下文“as they were keeping their own cats as well”可知，她们有养猫的经验。]
6．A [根据上文她们照顾Paley以及空后“with the kind women”可知，Paley开始对她们感到自在。]
7．C [根据下文“and would even sit on their legs”可知，Paley愿意让她们抚摸自己。]
8．D [根据下文“refused to reply to Jean when she called him like before”可知，Paley不像以前一样，故行为奇怪。]
9．A [根据下文“refused to reply to Jean when she called him like before”可知，Paley很反常。]
10．C [结合上文提到Paley很反常可知，事情有些不正常。]
11．B [根据下文“so she walked after him”可知，猫想让Jean跟着他。]
12．A [根据下文“She didn't reply when Jean called her．”可知，她不回应，说明她无意识，故是躺在雪地里。]
13．D [根据下文“She quickly called the police and cared for her．”可知，Jean知道该怎么做。]
14．B [根据下文“the woman was fine in the end”可知，这是一件幸运的事。]
15．C [根据第一段中提到的“hero”和下文“and even pets and animals can be heroic”可知，此处呼应第一段中的hero。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了昆虫在未来可能会成为饭桌上一道常见的菜。
1．have become [考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处insects为主语，为复数，时间状语为in the past decades，应用现在完成时，故填have become。]
2．to [考查介词。此处为固定短语be harmful to，意为“对……有害”，故填to。]
3．Experts [考查名词复数。此处主语expert“专家”为可数名词，且根据谓语动词say可知，主语应为复数；位于句首，首字母大写，故填Experts。]
4．why [考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，先行词为reason，故填why。]
5．rapidly [考查副词。此处应用副词修饰谓语动词，故填rapidly。]
6．to be [考查非谓语动词。此处为be expected to do sth，意为“预计做某事”，故填to be。]
7．made [考查非谓语动词。此处为meals的定语，且meals与make之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填made。]
8．where [考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，先行词为stores，故填where。]
9．excited [考查形容词。此空作表语，修饰人，应用ed结尾的形容词，故填excited。]
10．An [考查冠词。此处farmer“农民”为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个农民”，insect发音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an；位于句首，首字母大写，故填An。]
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