Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
关系代词引导的定语从句
美文诵读 语法体悟
A real friend is someone ①who walks in when the rest of the world walks out．A real friend is someone ②whose support we can count on．A real friend is someone ③who sees our true self，not just the face ④that we show to the world．Yet these days，the modern tools ⑤that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship．We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow．Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends ⑥whom we love．Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting．“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values ⑦which matter most to us．“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection ⑧which we share．To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person． 1．左栏斜体的从句为定语从句，修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的这些词叫先行词。 2．定语从句的引导词叫关系词，以上短文中的关系词有：who，whose，that，whom，which，这些词在从句中都充当成分，可以作主语，如：①③⑤⑦；可以作宾语，如：④⑥⑧；可以作定语，如：②。
一、定语从句的基本概述
1．定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．定语从句的分类
(1)限制性定语从句：从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。从句和主句不用逗号分开。
(2)非限制性定语从句：从句用来补充说明先行词或整个主句，如果去掉，主句的意思依然完整。从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。
3．关系词的作用
(1)连接主句和从句。
(2)指代先行词。
(3)在从句中充当句子成分。
4．关系词的分类
(1)关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as。
(2)关系副词：when，where，why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代 在从句中所 作的成分 是否省略
who 人 主语、宾语 作主语和定语时不能省 略。在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的who，that，whom，which可以省略
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、 表语、状语
whose 人/物 定语
as 物 主语、宾语、表语
She is the girl who/that lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She wants to find the kid(who/whom/that) she met yesterday．
她想找到昨天她遇见的那个孩子。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她就是我班里书法最好的学生。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green．
请递给我那本绿色封皮的书。
The letter(that/which) I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
China is a country that/which has a long history．
中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
[名师点津] 关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[误]The book(that/which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting．
[正]The book(that/which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting．
昨天你借给我的那本书非常有趣。
用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
①I have a friend．He likes listening to classical music．
→___________________________________________________________________
②The film was quite interesting．We saw it last night．
→___________________________________________________________________
③Mr Chen is a good listener．You can share your secrets with him．
→___________________________________________________________________
④The man is talking with my father．He is a policeman．
→___________________________________________________________________
⑤We are collecting money for the old couple．Their house has burnt down in a big fire．
→___________________________________________________________________
三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况
1．先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时。
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
2．先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰时。
I have read all the books that were borrowed from others．
我已经读了从别人那里借来的所有书。
3．先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时。
This is the very bus that I am waiting for．
这正是我正在等的公交车。
4．当先行词是序数词或形容词的最高级或被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。
5．先行词既指人又指物时。
Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
6．先行词在主句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be．
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
单句语法填空
①The house ____________ stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago．
②All the money ________ they had collected was given to the poor girl．
③This is the longest and widest street ______ has been built so far in our town．
④The man is talking about the teachers and things ________ encouraged him greatly in school．
⑤The river ____________ runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasure．
1．(教材原句)Her ideas are always inspiring．
*inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的[inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)；inspired adj．能力卓越的；inspiration n．灵感；启发灵感的人或事物]
inspire sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
inspire sb．with sth．＝inspire sth．in sb．
使某人产生(感觉或情感)
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Believe it or not，the good news inspired us ________ hope．
②Dreams can be a rich source of ________(inspire) for an artist．
③(读后续写之动作描写)他拍了拍我的肩膀，激励我继续用英语写作，并相信我会在写作中取得巨大成就。
Patting me on the shoulder，he ________________________ and believed that I would make great achievements in writing．
2．(教材原句)...one glass of comfort，two drops of patience，one bag of passion...
*comfort n．安慰，慰藉 v．安慰(comfortable adj．舒服的；舒适的)
(1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地
be a comfort to sb． 对某人来说是一种安慰
(2)It comforts sb．to do sth． 做某事让某人得到安慰。
单句语法填空/单句写作
①It comforted her ____________(feel) her mother's arms around her．
②This will enable the audience to sit ________ comfort while watching the shows．
③Only in this way can we live in more ______(comfort) and beautiful surroundings．
④得知你在这里过得很愉快是令人欣慰的事。
________________ that you have had fun staying here．
3．(教材原句)...one glass of comfort，two drops of patience，one bag of passion...
*patience n．耐心(patient adj．有耐心的；能忍耐的n．病人；patiently adv．耐心地；impatience n．不耐烦；impatient adj．不耐烦的；没有耐心的)
(1)have/lose patience with 对……有/失去耐心
with patience 耐心地
(2)be patient with sb． 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth． 忍耐某事
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Finally he lost his ________(patient) and started to shout at his partner．
②Realizing my negative mood，my head teacher talked with me ________(patient) about it．
③(应用文写作之人物介绍)他是一个对学生有耐心的老师，因此他赢得了所有学生的尊敬。
He is a teacher ________________________________，so he wins the respect of all the students．(含定语从句的复合句)
4．(教材原句) the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry
*anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的；渴望的(anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑，担心；anxiously adv．焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地)
(1)be anxious for sb．/about sth． 为……担心(忧虑)
be anxious for sth． 渴望得到
be(too) anxious(for sb．) to do sth． (非常)渴望(某人)做某事
(2)with anxiety 焦虑地
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Obviously，people who are under pressure tend to be anxious ________ their work and life．
②I'm indeed anxious ____________(get) the precious opportunity and looking forward to your early reply．
③(读后续写之情感描写)他正焦急地等待着结果，如坐针毡。
________________________________ as if he were on pins and needles．
5...．or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion...
*distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离；远处；冷淡(distant adj．遥远的；冷淡的)
(1)distance oneself from 使自己与……保持距离；
撇清自己与……的关系
(2)in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 从远处；离一段距离
at a distance of 在……远的地方
keep one's distance from...＝keep...at a distance
与……保持距离
单句语法填空/单句写作
①In the dark of the night，the lights of the small town are like the ________(distance) fireflies．
②The boy who is standing ________ the distance has a talent for writing．
③(应用文写作之建议信)了解到其他同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。
____________________________________，I am writing to offer you some suggestions．
词汇 1．quality n．[C] 素质，品德[U，C] 质量，品质 2．postpone v．使(事件、行动等)延期，推迟
微练 1．The printer is good ________ quality．If it broke down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense． 2．They've decided to postpone ________(have) a family for a while．
Period 4
语法精讲
即时训练1
①I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music． ②The film(that/which) we saw last night was quite interesting． ③Mr Chen is a good listener(who/whom/that) you can share your secrets with． ④The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman． ⑤We are collecting money for the old couple whose house has burnt down in a big fire．
即时训练2
①that/which ②that ③that ④that ⑤that/which
核心词汇
1．①with ②inspiration ③inspired me to continue writing in English
2．①to feel ②in ③comfortable ④It is a comfort to know
3．①patience ②patiently ③who has patience/is patient with his students
4．①about ②to get ③He is waiting for the results with anxiety/anxiously
5．①distant ②in ③Learning that other students always keep you at a distance/keep their distance from you/distance themselves from you
要点拾遗
1．in 2．having
1/1(共87张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
Unit 4
Friends forever
Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
主题语境 人与社会——良好的人际关系与社会交往
关系代词引导的定语从句
美文诵读
A real friend is someone ①who walks in when the rest of the world walks out．A real friend is someone ②whose support we can count on．A real friend is someone ③who sees our true self，not just the face ④that we show to the world．Yet these days，the modern tools ⑤that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship．We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be
美文诵读
quite shallow．Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends ⑥whom we love．Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting．“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values ⑦which matter most to us．“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection ⑧which we share．To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person．
语法体悟
1．左栏斜体的从句为定语从句，修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的这些词叫先行词。
2．定语从句的引导词叫关系词，以上短文中的关系词有：who，whose，that，whom，which，这些词在从句中都充当成分，可以作主语，如：①③⑤⑦；可以作宾语，如：④⑥⑧；可以作定语，如：②。
一、定语从句的基本概述
1．定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．定语从句的分类
(1)限制性定语从句：从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。从句和主句不用逗号分开。
(2)非限制性定语从句：从句用来补充说明先行词或整个主句，如果去掉，主句的意思依然完整。从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。
3．关系词的作用
(1)连接主句和从句。
(2)指代先行词。
(3)在从句中充当句子成分。
4．关系词的分类
(1)关系代词：that， which， who， whom， whose， as。
(2)关系副词：when， where， why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代 在从句中所作的成分 是否省略
who 人 主语、宾语 作主语和定语时不能省略。在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的who，that，whom，which可以省略
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人/物 定语
as 物 主语、宾语、表语
She is the girl who/that lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She wants to find the kid(who/whom/that) she met yesterday．
她想找到昨天她遇见的那个孩子。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她就是我班里书法最好的学生。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green．
请递给我那本绿色封皮的书。
The letter(that/which) I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
China is a country that/which has a long history．
中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
[名师点津] 关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[误]The book(that/which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting．
[正]The book(that/which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting．
昨天你借给我的那本书非常有趣。
即时训练1 用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
①I have a friend．He likes listening to classical music．
→_________________________________________________________
②The film was quite interesting．We saw it last night．
→_________________________________________________________
I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music．
The film(that/which) we saw last night was quite interesting．
③Mr Chen is a good listener．You can share your secrets with him．
→____________________________________________________________________
④The man is talking with my father．He is a policeman．
→_________________________________________________________
⑤We are collecting money for the old couple．Their house has burnt down in a big fire．
→_________________________________________________________________________
Mr Chen is a good listener(who/whom/that) you can share your secrets with．
The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman．
We are collecting money for the old couple whose house has burnt down in a big fire．
三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况
1．先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything， nothing，none，the one等不定代词时。
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
2．先行词被all， few， little， much， every， some， no等词修饰时。
I have read all the books that were borrowed from others．
我已经读了从别人那里借来的所有书。
3．先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last等限定词修饰时。
This is the very bus that I am waiting for．
这正是我正在等的公交车。
4．当先行词是序数词或形容词的最高级或被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。
5．先行词既指人又指物时。
Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
6．先行词在主句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be．
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
即时训练2 单句语法填空
①The house ___________ stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago．
②All the money ____ they had collected was given to the poor girl．
③This is the longest and widest street ____ has been built so far in our town．
that/which
that
that
④The man is talking about the teachers and things ____ encouraged him greatly in school．
⑤The river ___________ runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasure．
that
that/which
1．(教材原句)Her ideas are always inspiring．
*inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的[inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)；inspired adj．能力卓越的；inspiration n．灵感；启发灵感的人或事物]
inspire sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
inspire sb．with sth．＝inspire sth．in sb．
使某人产生(感觉或情感)
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Believe it or not，the good news inspired us ____ hope．
②Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ (inspire) for an artist．
③(读后续写之动作描写)他拍了拍我的肩膀，激励我继续用英语写作，并相信我会在写作中取得巨大成就。
Patting me on the shoulder，he _________________________________
_______ and believed that I would make great achievements in writing．
with
inspiration
inspired me to continue writing in
English
2．(教材原句)...one glass of comfort，two drops of patience，one bag of passion...
*comfort n．安慰，慰藉 v．安慰(comfortable adj．舒服的；舒适的)
(1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地
be a comfort to sb． 对某人来说是一种安慰
(2)It comforts sb．to do sth． 做某事让某人得到安慰。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①It comforted her ________(feel) her mother's arms around her．
②This will enable the audience to sit __ comfort while watching the shows．
③Only in this way can we live in more ___________ (comfort) and beautiful surroundings．
④得知你在这里过得很愉快是令人欣慰的事。
____________________________ that you have had fun staying here．
to feel
in
comfortable
It is a comfort to know
3．(教材原句)...one glass of comfort，two drops of patience，one bag of passion...
*patience n．耐心(patient adj．有耐心的；能忍耐的n．病人；patiently adv．耐心地；impatience n．不耐烦；impatient adj．不耐烦的；没有耐心的)
(1)have/lose patience with 对……有/失去耐心
with patience 耐心地
(2)be patient with sb． 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth． 忍耐某事
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Finally he lost his ________ (patient) and started to shout at his partner．
②Realizing my negative mood，my head teacher talked with me _________ (patient) about it．
③(应用文写作之人物介绍)他是一个对学生有耐心的老师，因此他赢得了所有学生的尊敬。
He is a teacher ______________________________________________，so he wins the respect of all the students．(含定语从句的复合句)
patience
patiently
who has patience/is patient with his students
4．(教材原句) the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry
*anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的；渴望的 (anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑，担心；anxiously adv．焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地)
(1)be anxious for sb．/about sth． 为……担心(忧虑)
be anxious for sth． 渴望得到
be(too) anxious(for sb．) to do sth． (非常)渴望(某人)做某事
(2)with anxiety 焦虑地
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Obviously，people who are under pressure tend to be anxious _____ their work and life．
②I'm indeed anxious _______ (get) the precious opportunity and looking forward to your early reply．
③(读后续写之情感描写)他正焦急地等待着结果，如坐针毡。
_____________________________________________ as if he were on pins and needles．
about
to get
He is waiting for the results with anxiety/anxiously
5．...or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion...
*distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离；远处；冷淡(distant adj．遥远的；冷淡的)
(1)distance oneself from 使自己与……保持距离；
撇清自己与……的关系
(2)in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 从远处；离一段距离
at a distance of 在……远的地方
keep one's distance from...＝keep...at a distance
与……保持距离
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①In the dark of the night，the lights of the small town are like the _______ (distance) fireflies．
②The boy who is standing __ the distance has a talent for writing．
③(应用文写作之建议信)了解到其他同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________，I am writing to offer you some suggestions．
distant
in
Learning that other students always keep you at a distance/keep their distance from you/distance themselves from you
词汇 1．quality n．[C] 素质，品德[U，C] 质量，品质
2．postpone v．使(事件、行动等)延期，推迟
微练 1．The printer is good __ quality．If it broke down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense．
2．They've decided to postpone ______ (have) a family for a while．
in
having
课时提升作业(十一) (Unit 4 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：94分)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共9小题；每小题1.5分，满分13.5分)
1．Although I ______ (倒) it carefully，I still managed to spill some．
2．You can buy the disks in _____ (小盒) of ten．
3．The ball game was _________ (推迟) because of rain．
poured
packs
postponed
4．The professor spoke with considerable _______ (激情) about the importance of philosophy．
5．Tom has all the _________ (素质) of a good manager．
6．People with a sense of _______ (幽默感) are on good terms with others．
7．She took up a _____ (薄片) of bread，broke it nervously，and then put it aside．
passion
qualities
humour
slice
8．As you know，we _________ (青少年) are going through a rapid growth and development which needs to be supported by a healthy and balanced diet．
9．I'm also very interested in writing and I am _______ (渴望的) to know how to choose a powerful topic for a novel．
teenagers
anxious
Ⅱ．完成句子(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)
1．我们谈论的那个人是科学家。
The one _______________________________________ is a scientist．
2．她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的人和地方。
She described in her composition the people and places _____________________．
(who/whom/that) we are talking about
that impressed her most
3．读书是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
Reading was the only thing ___________________________．
4．你正在读的那本书是一位美国现代小说家写的。
The book ___________________________ is written by a contemporary American novelist．
5．所有早年发生的事情都会影响孩子们的余生。
All __________________________________ can influence children for the rest of their lives．
that interested her most
(that/which) you are reading
that happened during those early years
6．那个人选择住在一间窗户面向大海的房间里。
The man chose to live in a room ______________________________．
7．作为一名学生，每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就是制订适当的计划。
As a student，the first thing ___________________________________ is to make a proper plan．
8．在高中，你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。
In senior high school you'll study more courses ____________________
____________ your junior high school courses．
whose window faces the sea
that you should do every morning
which/that are different
from
Ⅲ．用定语从句完成下面短文(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)
Friendship is a thing 1．______________________________ (带来幸福) to people．Friendship is one of the most important things 2．__________________________ (人们应该拥有的)．People should make friends with those 3．_____________________________ (态度积极的)，because friends have a great impact on people．Honestly speaking，a real friend is a person 4．_______________ (帮助你) when
that/which brings happiness
that people should have
whose attitude is positive
who helps you
you are in trouble．They are those 5．___________________________
(分享快乐和悲伤) with you．They are brave to point out the mistakes 6．_______________________________ (能影响你未来的)．A friend in need is a friend indeed．Everyone should have real friends and strive to be a real friend of others．
who share happiness and sorrow
that can affect your future
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
We have most friends at the age of 26，after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle，new research has shown．
The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks(达到高峰) at 26 years and 7 months，at which we typically have five close friends．Women are the most popular at 25 years and 10 months，while men hit the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months．
The research，by Forever Friends，shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school，with about a fifth saying they meet them at work．
Social networks now also play a major role in building new friendship．The research points out that 25-to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via(通过) social networks compared to 18-to 24-year-olds who make 12，and 35-to 44-year-olds who make just 4．
Forever Friends' relationship coach Sam Owen says，“It is no coincidence(巧合) that over a third of us meet our best friends at school．It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot．As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference．”
Later in life we find ourselves losing friends．Over half of us lose friendship through moving，while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals．Having children also causes 19% to drift away from childhood friends．
With growing pressure being put on friendship these days，it's important to make time for our friendship．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即我们在26岁的时候会拥有最多的朋友，但是随着时间的推移，我们的朋友会因为各种原因而减少，这个发现有利于增强学生对友谊的认识。
1．How many friends may a 21-year-old college student make via social networks
A．4． B．5．
C．12． D．22．
√
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中“The research points out that...who make 12，and 35-to 44-year-olds who make just 4．”可知，21岁的大学生可以通过社交网络交12个朋友。]
2．What does the author try to tell us in paragraph 5
A．Friendship is not easy to keep．
B．School time is important for building friendship．
C．How important making friends is．
D．How to keep friendship at work．
√
B [写作意图题。根据第五段中“Forever Friends' relationship coach...regularly and laughing a lot．”可知，第五段作者通过引用欧文的话，想要告诉我们，在学校的时光是我们建立友谊的重要时期。]
3．What does the underlined phrase “drift away from” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Make sense of．
B．Make up with．
C．Feel sorry for．
D．Lose contact with．
√
D [词义猜测题。根据第六段中“Later in life we find ourselves losing...they grow apart from close pals．”可知，本段主要讲人们会因为各种原因和朋友失去联系，此外画线词所在句中的also(也)一词也表明，此处仍然在讲和朋友失去联系，故画线词意思是“失去联系”。]
4．Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A newspaper．
B．A travel guidebook．
C．A nature magazine．
D．A storybook．
√
A [文章出处题。根据第一段“We have most friends at the age of 26，after having spent...friendship circle，new research has shown．”可知，这属于研究发现，最有可能摘自报纸。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
You can picture it already: relaxing with your closest friends and exploring new exciting destinations．All the while you're enjoying great food and making fantastic memories(回忆)． 1 Use our tips(建议) to plan a trip with friends where you'll come home not only relaxed but closer than ever．
2 Slow down and honestly discuss what everyone hopes to get out of the vacation before booking anything．Talk about where you'd like to go and how long a vacation is OK for all．Will you be together all of the time 3 Will there be one or two main planning leaders Make sure everyone plays a part in planning the vacation．
Have the money talk．No one likes the uncomfortable talk about how the money is going to work，but it is a necessary part of planning． 4 So it's best to have honest conversations about money．Try to come to some common ground when planning a budget(预算) for accommodations，visiting attractions，meals out，and activities．
Stay safe．While you don't have to be with the group every minute of your trip，agree to stay accountable(负有责任的) to each other for everyone's safety．That means no leaving without telling the group where you're going． 5 Look out for one another and use common sense so everyone stays safe．
A．Have a full discussion．
B．Do you enjoy traveling alone
C．Will there be days to explore separately
D．People often have different ideas when it comes to money．
E．Be sure everyone has each other's contact information on their phones．
F．Having a travel adviser would be easier than doing all the booking yourself．
G．However，traveling with your closest friends sometimes can be a terrible experience．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何规划与朋友旅行的方法。
1．G [该空后的“Use our tips to plan a trip with friends where you'll come home not only relaxed but closer than ever．”和其余各段具体介绍了如何规划与朋友一起旅行的建议可知，该空应说明与朋友的旅行并不是那么愉快，才会需要一些规划，G项符合文意。]
2．A [此处是本段中心句，根据下文“Slow down and honestly discuss what everyone hopes to get out of the vacation before booking anything．Talk about where you'd like to go and how long a vacation is OK for all．”可知，作者建议在和朋友开始旅行前需要进行沟通讨论，A项能概括本段内容。]
3．C [根据上文“Will you be together all of the time？”和下文“Will there be one or two main planning leaders？”可知，空处也应是问句，即有关旅行具体安排的问句，C项符合文意。]
4．D [根据本段中心句“Have the money talk．”可知，本段作者主要建议读者与朋友认真讨论旅游的预算，D项符合文意，和下文“So it's best to have honest conversations about money．”构成因果关系。]
5．E [根据本段主题句“Stay safe．”可知，作者在本段建议读者在规划与朋友的旅行时要注意安全，E项符合文意，是注意安全需要做的事。]
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Pen pals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander live half a world apart．However，they've 1 a faithful correspondence for seven decades．
The long-lived letter-writing relationship 2 in 1950 when 12-year-old Stretton from Australia was given Alexander's 3 by a friend．Back then，it sometimes took six weeks for a long-distance letter to reach its 4 ，but the pair established an instant rapport(融洽) after their first 5 that has grown stronger with time．
They felt as if they had truly 6 with one another，sharing life's moments through their letters， 7 the two women didn't meet in person until 1982．“She is just like one of the family，” Stretton said．“And we are still together as we ever were 70 years ago．That is quite 8 for people who've lost confidence in everlasting friendship．”
Stretton and Alexander have never stopped 9 to one another．Along with hopes，dreams，photos，and family updates，through the years，their letters have contained their sweet life 10 —weddings，birthdays，graduation and so on．
While they 11 write letters，with the development of technology，Stretton and Alexander have slightly bowed to the times．For longer messages，they've turned to the Internet，but they agree that nothing will 12 a handwritten note．“Now，we do 13 1
to send postcards rather than write long letters because we email each other now，” Stretton 14 honestly．But letter writing plays the most important part in their friendship．
The two women's story proves that the 15 is nothing when it comes to true friendship．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了相隔大半个地球的两位女士通过书信保持着数十年的友谊，从而说明只要是真正的友谊，距离从来不会成为阻碍。
1．A．ignored B．selected
C．sought D．maintained
√
D [根据上文“Pen pals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander”和下文“The long-lived letter-writing relationship”可知，她们相互写信，保持通信。]
2．A．improved B．changed
C．began D．disappeared
√
C [结合下文“in 1950”可知，此处指这种长期的书信往来始于1950年。]
3．A．email B．address
C．number D．postcard
√
B [结合语境以及上文提到的写信可知，Stretton从一位朋友那里得到了Alexander的地址。]
4．A．destination B．reward
C．power D．intention
√
A [根据上文“took six weeks”和“reach its”可知，她们之间的信件需要花费六周才能到达目的地。]
5．A．adventure B．struggle
C．exchange D．comment
√
C [根据上文“but the pair established an instant rapport”可知，她们有了交流之后才会感到契合。]
6．A．come across B．grown up
C．turned up D．settled down
√
B [根据下文“sharing life's moments through their letters”可知，几十年来，她们通过书信分享着彼此的生活，虽然一直没有见面，但感觉就像是一起长大的。]
7．A．though B．because
C．so D．and
√
A [结合空前后句意可知，空后表示让步，使用though引导让步状语从句。]
8．A．typical B．frightening
C．convenient D．inspiring
√
D [根据上文“And we are still together as we ever were 70 years ago．”可知，她们的友谊持续了几十年，并且友情还跟当初一样，这对于那些对友谊丧失信心的人来说是一种鼓舞。]
9．A．responding B．speaking
C．writing D．turning
√
C [根据下文“Along with hopes，dreams，photos，and family updates，through the years，their letters have contained their sweet life”可知，她们几十年来一直通过写信分享彼此的生活，所以她们从未停止写信。]
10．A．goals B．memories
C．plans D．ideas
√
B [根据下文“weddings，birthdays，graduation and so on”可知，她们在信中分享的都是她们生活中美好的事情，这些都是属于她们的美好回忆。]
11．A．still B．gradually
C．never D．eventually
√
A [根据上文“While”和下文“they've turned to the Internet”可知，虽然她们仍然在写信，但随着技术的发展，她们也转向了网络。]
12．A．determine B．impact
C．measure D．replace
√
D [根据下文“But letter writing plays the most important part in their friendship．”可知，写信在她们的友谊中扮演着最重要的角色，因此可以推断，她们认为没有什么能取代手写的信件。]
13．A．pretend B．tend
C．refuse D．fail
√
B [根据下文“because we email each other now”可知，因为她们用电子邮件发长信，所以在线下倾向于寄明信片。]
14．A．apologized B．asked
C．admitted D．argued
√
C [空后的“honestly”说明Stretton承认她们因为用电子邮件发长信而倾向于寄明信片这个事实。]
15．A．distance B．quality
C．challenge D．profession
√
A [根据第一段中“Pen pals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander live half a world apart．”和第二段中“a long-distance letter”可知，两位女士虽然相隔很远，但是她们几十年来用书信保持着彼此的友谊，并且友情没有因为距离受到任何影响，所以距离不会妨碍真正的友谊。]
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Your best friends are always with you and you can trust them．But one day，your friendship 1．__________ (fall) in trouble．Then，what should you do
falls
Firstly，it is a good idea to spend some time reflecting 2．_______ your behaviour．If you realize that you are in the wrong，do not hesitate to make a sincere 3．________________ (apologize) to your friend．On the other hand，if your friend has done wrong and makes you suffer，find 4．_________ opportunity to have a frank talk with him，listening to his explanation and letting him know 5．_____ you feel．Secondly，once your friend has experienced a loss or a failure，spare no effort to
on
apology
an
how
provide comfort and encouragement，6．_______(tell) him that you've always admired him and that you are there to support him in any way possible．In addition，when your friend feels lonely and helpless，it is 7．_____________ (suggest) that you keep him company regularly even if you have an 8．____________________ (extreme) busy schedule．
telling
suggested
extremely
However，when you find yourself 9．________________ (trick) by your friend，perhaps it's time to reconsider your relationship．Talk to him seriously 10．________________ then decide whether to let go of the friendship or not．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何处理朋友之间的友谊问题。
tricked
and
1．falls [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。fall in trouble意为“陷入困境”，用一般现在时表将来，主语friendship是不可数名词，因此谓语动词用单数。故填falls。]
2．on [考查介词。reflect on意为“反省”。故填on。]
3．apology [考查词性转换。此处作宾语，应用名词，空前有a，用单数形式。故填apology。]
4．an [考查冠词。opportunity是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，opportunity是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an。故填an。]
5．how [考查宾语从句。设空处引导的是宾语从句，句子表示“让他知道你的感受”，表示“怎样，如何”。故填how。]
6．telling [考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是spare，设空处用非谓语动词，tell的主语是you，you和tell之间是主谓关系，因此用动词-ing形式表主动。故填telling。]
7．suggested [考查固定句型。It is suggested that...是固定句型，意为“建议……”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是主语从句。故填suggested。]
8．extremely [考查词性转换。设空处修饰形容词busy，应用副词作状语。故填extremely。]
9．tricked [考查非谓语动词。trick与yourself之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，设空处用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填tricked。]
10．and [考查连词。Talk to him seriously和then decide之间是并列顺承关系，故填and。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(十一) (Unit 4 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：94分)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共9小题；每小题1．5分，满分13．5分)
1．Although I (倒) it carefully，I still managed to spill some．
2．You can buy the disks in (小盒) of ten．
3．The ball game was (推迟) because of rain．
4．The professor spoke with considerable (激情) about the importance of philosophy．
5．Tom has all the (素质) of a good manager．
6．People with a sense of (幽默感) are on good terms with others．
7．She took up a (薄片) of bread，broke it nervously，and then put it aside．
8．As you know，we (青少年) are going through a rapid growth and development which needs to be supported by a healthy and balanced diet．
9．I'm also very interested in writing and I am (渴望的) to know how to choose a powerful topic for a novel．
Ⅱ．完成句子(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)
1．我们谈论的那个人是科学家。
The one is a scientist．
2．她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的人和地方。
She described in her composition the people and places ．
3．读书是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
Reading was the only thing ．
4．你正在读的那本书是一位美国现代小说家写的。
The book is written by a contemporary American novelist．
5．所有早年发生的事情都会影响孩子们的余生。
All can influence children for the rest of their lives．
6．那个人选择住在一间窗户面向大海的房间里。
The man chose to live in a room ．
7．作为一名学生，每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就是制订适当的计划。
As a student，the first thing is to make a proper plan．
8．在高中，你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。
In senior high school you'll study more courses your junior high school courses．
Ⅲ．用定语从句完成下面短文(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)
Friendship is a thing 1． (带来幸福) to people．Friendship is one of the most important things 2． (人们应该拥有的)．People should make friends with those 3． (态度积极的)，because friends have a great impact on people．Honestly speaking，a real friend is a person 4． (帮助你) when you are in trouble．They are those 5． (分享快乐和悲伤) with you．They are brave to point out the mistakes 6． (能影响你未来的)．A friend in need is a friend indeed．Everyone should have real friends and strive to be a real friend of others．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2．5分，满分10分)
We have most friends at the age of 26，after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle，new research has shown．
The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks(达到高峰) at 26 years and 7 months，at which we typically have five close friends．Women are the most popular at 25 years and 10 months，while men hit the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months．
The research，by Forever Friends，shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school，with about a fifth saying they meet them at work．
Social networks now also play a major role in building new friendship．The research points out that 25 to 34 year olds make 22 friends via(通过) social networks compared to 18 to 24 year olds who make 12，and 35 to 44 year olds who make just 4．
Forever Friends' relationship coach Sam Owen says，“It is no coincidence(巧合) that over a third of us meet our best friends at school．It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot．As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference．”
Later in life we find ourselves losing friends．Over half of us lose friendship through moving，while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals．Having children also causes 19% to drift away from childhood friends．
With growing pressure being put on friendship these days，it's important to make time for our friendship．
1．How many friends may a 21 year old college student make via social networks
A．4． B．5．
C．12． D．22．
2．What does the author try to tell us in paragraph 5
A．Friendship is not easy to keep．
B．School time is important for building friendship．
C．How important making friends is．
D．How to keep friendship at work．
3．What does the underlined phrase “drift away from” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Make sense of． B．Make up with．
C．Feel sorry for． D．Lose contact with．
4．Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A newspaper． B．A travel guidebook．
C．A nature magazine． D．A storybook．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分)
You can picture it already: relaxing with your closest friends and exploring new exciting destinations．All the while you're enjoying great food and making fantastic memories(回忆)． 1 Use our tips(建议) to plan a trip with friends where you'll come home not only relaxed but closer than ever．
2 Slow down and honestly discuss what everyone hopes to get out of the vacation before booking anything．Talk about where you'd like to go and how long a vacation is OK for all．Will you be together all of the time 3 Will there be one or two main planning leaders Make sure everyone plays a part in planning the vacation．
Have the money talk．No one likes the uncomfortable talk about how the money is going to work，but it is a necessary part of planning． 4 So it's best to have honest conversations about money．Try to come to some common ground when planning a budget(预算) for accommodations，visiting attractions，meals out，and activities．
Stay safe．While you don't have to be with the group every minute of your trip，agree to stay accountable(负有责任的) to each other for everyone's safety．That means no leaving without telling the group where you're going． 5 Look out for one another and use common sense so everyone stays safe．
A．Have a full discussion．
B．Do you enjoy traveling alone
C．Will there be days to explore separately
D．People often have different ideas when it comes to money．
E．Be sure everyone has each other's contact information on their phones．
F．Having a travel adviser would be easier than doing all the booking yourself．
G．However，traveling with your closest friends sometimes can be a terrible experience．
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Pen pals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander live half a world apart．However，they've 1 a faithful correspondence for seven decades．
The long lived letter writing relationship 2 in 1950 when 12 year old Stretton from Australia was given Alexander's 3 by a friend．Back then，it sometimes took six weeks for a long distance letter to reach its 4 ，but the pair established an instant rapport(融洽) after their first 5 that has grown stronger with time．
They felt as if they had truly 6 with one another，sharing life's moments through their letters， 7 the two women didn't meet in person until 1982．“She is just like one of the family，” Stretton said．“And we are still together as we ever were 70 years ago．That is quite 8 for people who've lost confidence in everlasting friendship．”
Stretton and Alexander have never stopped 9 to one another．Along with hopes，dreams，photos，and family updates，through the years，their letters have contained their sweet life 10 —weddings，birthdays，graduation and so on．
While they 11 write letters，with the development of technology，Stretton and Alexander have slightly bowed to the times．For longer messages，they've turned to the Internet，but they agree that nothing will 12 a handwritten note．“Now，we do 13 to send postcards rather than write long letters because we email each other now，” Stretton 14 honestly．But letter writing plays the most important part in their friendship．
The two women's story proves that the 15 is nothing when it comes to true friendship．
1．A．ignored B．selected
C．sought D．maintained
2．A．improved B．changed
C．began D．disappeared
3．A．email B．address
C．number D．postcard
4．A．destination B．reward
C．power D．intention
5．A．adventure B．struggle
C．exchange D．comment
6．A．come across B．grown up
C．turned up D．settled down
7．A．though B．because
C．so D．and
8．A．typical B．frightening
C．convenient D．inspiring
9．A．responding B．speaking
C．writing D．turning
10．A．goals B．memories
C．plans D．ideas
11．A．still B．gradually
C．never D．eventually
12．A．determine B．impact
C．measure D．replace
13．A．pretend B．tend
C．refuse D．fail
14．A．apologized B．asked
C．admitted D．argued
15．A．distance B．quality
C．challenge D．profession
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
Your best friends are always with you and you can trust them．But one day，your friendship 1． (fall) in trouble．Then，what should you do
Firstly，it is a good idea to spend some time reflecting 2． your behaviour．If you realize that you are in the wrong，do not hesitate to make a sincere 3． (apologize) to your friend．On the other hand，if your friend has done wrong and makes you suffer，find 4． opportunity to have a frank talk with him，listening to his explanation and letting him know 5． you feel．Secondly，once your friend has experienced a loss or a failure，spare no effort to provide comfort and encouragement，6． (tell) him that you've always admired him and that you are there to support him in any way possible．In addition，when your friend feels lonely and helpless，it is 7． (suggest) that you keep him company regularly even if you have an 8． (extreme) busy schedule．
However，when you find yourself 9． (trick) by your friend，perhaps it's time to reconsider your relationship．Talk to him seriously 10． then decide whether to let go of the friendship or not．
课时提升作业(十一)
基础过关
Ⅰ．1．poured 2．packs 3．postponed 4．passion 5．qualities 6．humour 7．slice 8．teenagers 9．anxious
Ⅱ．1．(who/whom/that) we are talking about 2．that impressed her most 3．that interested her most 4．(that/which) you are reading 5．that happened during those early years 6．whose window faces the sea 7．that you should do every morning 8．which/that are different from
Ⅲ．1．that/which brings happiness 2．that people should have 3．whose attitude is positive 4．who helps you 5．who share happiness and sorrow 6．that can affect your future
能力提升
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4
C B D A
Ⅱ．
1 2 3 4 5
G A C D E
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D C B A C B A D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C B A D B C A
Ⅳ．1．falls 2．on 3．apology 4．an 5．how 6．telling 7．suggested 8．extremely 9．tricked 10．and
能力提升
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即我们在26岁的时候会拥有最多的朋友，但是随着时间的推移，我们的朋友会因为各种原因而减少，这个发现有利于增强学生对友谊的认识。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第四段中“The research points out that...who make 12，and 35to 44yearolds who make just 4．”可知，21岁的大学生可以通过社交网络交12个朋友。]
2．B [写作意图题。根据第五段中“Forever Friends' relationship coach...regularly and laughing a lot．”可知，第五段作者通过引用欧文的话，想要告诉我们，在学校的时光是我们建立友谊的重要时期。]
3．D [词义猜测题。根据第六段中“Later in life we find ourselves losing...they grow apart from close pals．”可知，本段主要讲人们会因为各种原因和朋友失去联系，此外画线词所在句中的also(也)一词也表明，此处仍然在讲和朋友失去联系，故画线词意思是“失去联系”。]
4．A [文章出处题。根据第一段“We have most friends at the age of 26，after having spent...friendship circle，new research has shown．”可知，这属于研究发现，最有可能摘自报纸。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何规划与朋友旅行的方法。
1．G [该空后的“Use our tips to plan a trip with friends where you'll come home not only relaxed but closer than ever．”和其余各段具体介绍了如何规划与朋友一起旅行的建议可知，该空应说明与朋友的旅行并不是那么愉快，才会需要一些规划，G项符合文意。]
2．A [此处是本段中心句，根据下文“Slow down and honestly discuss what everyone hopes to get out of the vacation before booking anything．Talk about where you'd like to go and how long a vacation is OK for all．”可知，作者建议在和朋友开始旅行前需要进行沟通讨论，A项能概括本段内容。]
3．C [根据上文“Will you be together all of the time？”和下文“Will there be one or two main planning leaders？”可知，空处也应是问句，即有关旅行具体安排的问句，C项符合文意。]
4．D [根据本段中心句“Have the money talk．”可知，本段作者主要建议读者与朋友认真讨论旅游的预算，D项符合文意，和下文“So it's best to have honest conversations about money．”构成因果关系。]
5．E [根据本段主题句“Stay safe．”可知，作者在本段建议读者在规划与朋友的旅行时要注意安全，E项符合文意，是注意安全需要做的事。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了相隔大半个地球的两位女士通过书信保持着数十年的友谊，从而说明只要是真正的友谊，距离从来不会成为阻碍。
1．D [根据上文“Pen pals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander”和下文“The longlived letterwriting relationship”可知，她们相互写信，保持通信。]
2．C [结合下文“in 1950”可知，此处指这种长期的书信往来始于1950年。]
3．B [结合语境以及上文提到的写信可知，Stretton从一位朋友那里得到了Alexander的地址。]
4．A [根据上文“took six weeks”和“reach its”可知，她们之间的信件需要花费六周才能到达目的地。]
5．C [根据上文“but the pair established an instant rapport”可知，她们有了交流之后才会感到契合。]
6．B [根据下文“sharing life's moments through their letters”可知，几十年来，她们通过书信分享着彼此的生活，虽然一直没有见面，但感觉就像是一起长大的。]
7．A [结合空前后句意可知，空后表示让步，使用though引导让步状语从句。]
8．D [根据上文“And we are still together as we ever were 70 years ago．”可知，她们的友谊持续了几十年，并且友情还跟当初一样，这对于那些对友谊丧失信心的人来说是一种鼓舞。]
9．C [根据下文“Along with hopes，dreams，photos，and family updates，through the years，their letters have contained their sweet life”可知，她们几十年来一直通过写信分享彼此的生活，所以她们从未停止写信。]
10．B [根据下文“weddings，birthdays，graduation and so on”可知，她们在信中分享的都是她们生活中美好的事情，这些都是属于她们的美好回忆。]
11．A [根据上文“While”和下文“they've turned to the Internet”可知，虽然她们仍然在写信，但随着技术的发展，她们也转向了网络。]
12．D [根据下文“But letter writing plays the most important part in their friendship．”可知，写信在她们的友谊中扮演着最重要的角色，因此可以推断，她们认为没有什么能取代手写的信件。]
13．B [根据下文“because we email each other now”可知，因为她们用电子邮件发长信，所以在线下倾向于寄明信片。]
14．C [空后的“honestly”说明Stretton承认她们因为用电子邮件发长信而倾向于寄明信片这个事实。]
15．A [根据第一段中“Pen pals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander live half a world apart．”和第二段中“a longdistance letter”可知，两位女士虽然相隔很远，但是她们几十年来用书信保持着彼此的友谊，并且友情没有因为距离受到任何影响，所以距离不会妨碍真正的友谊。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何处理朋友之间的友谊问题。
1．falls [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。fall in trouble意为“陷入困境”，用一般现在时表将来，主语friendship是不可数名词，因此谓语动词用单数。故填falls。]
2．on [考查介词。reflect on意为“反省”。故填on。]
3．apology [考查词性转换。此处作宾语，应用名词，空前有a，用单数形式。故填apology。]
4．an [考查冠词。opportunity是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，opportunity是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an。故填an。]
5．how [考查宾语从句。设空处引导的是宾语从句，句子表示“让他知道你的感受”，表示“怎样，如何”。故填how。]
6．telling [考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是spare，设空处用非谓语动词，tell的主语是you，you和tell之间是主谓关系，因此用动词ing形式表主动。故填telling。]
7．suggested [考查固定句型。It is suggested that...是固定句型，意为“建议……”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是主语从句。故填suggested。]
8．extremely [考查词性转换。设空处修饰形容词busy，应用副词作状语。故填extremely。]
9．tricked [考查非谓语动词。trick与yourself之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，设空处用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填tricked。]
10．and [考查连词。Talk to him seriously和then decide之间是并列顺承关系，故填and。]
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