中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
译林版八年级上册Unit3 To be a good learner导学案(学与练)
一、学习目标
词汇积累:掌握本单元重点词汇,如learner、feed、inventor、curious等,以及相关短语,如set...apart from、be curious about、find out等,并能正确拼写、发音和运用。
语法理解:理解并掌握副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法;掌握反身代词的用法;了解动词后缀 -er、-or、-ist构成表示 “……人” 的名词的规则 。
阅读能力:通过阅读关于学习的文章,如本杰明·富兰克林的学习经历,获取关键信息,理解文章主旨,学习他热爱学习、勇于探索的精神,并能根据文章内容进行推理和判断。
写作技能:能够运用所学词汇和语法,描述自己的学习经历、方法和困难,并针对学习问题提出合理建议,完成一篇关于学习的短文写作 。
二、知识点梳理
(一)词汇
重点单词
√ learner:n. 学习者 ,如:As a learner, you should be active in class.(作为一名学习者,你应该在课堂上积极主动。) ,其动词形式为learn,常见短语有learn from(向……学习) ,learn about(了解;学习关于……的知识) 。
√ feed:v. 为……提供食物;喂养 ,过去式和过去分词为fed ,如:My mother feeds the chickens every morning.(我妈妈每天早上喂鸡。) ,常见短语有feed...on...(用……喂养……) ,feed on(以……为食) 。
√ inventor:n. 发明家 ,如:Edison is a famous inventor.(爱迪生是一位著名的发明家。) ,其动词形式为invent(发明;创造) ,名词形式还有invention(发明;发明物) 。
√ curious:adj. 好奇的 ,名词形式为curiosity(好奇心) ,常见短语有be curious about(对……好奇) ,如:The little boy is curious about everything around him.(这个小男孩对周围的一切都很好奇。)
√ translate:v. 翻译 ,名词形式为translation(翻译;译文) ,常见短语有translate...into...(把……翻译成……) ,如:Can you translate this sentence into English (你能把这个句子翻译成英语吗?)
词形变化.
√ success(n. 成功) - successful(adj. 成功的) - successfully(adv. 成功地) - succeed(v. 成功;做成 ),常见用法:succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事) ,如:He succeeded in passing the exam.(他成功通过了考试。)
√ him(pron. 他,宾格) - himself(pron. 他自己,反身代词) ,yourself - yourselves ,myself - ourselves ,herself - themselves 等 。反身代词常见用法:enjoy oneself(玩得开心) ,help oneself to(随便吃/用……) ,teach oneself(自学) 等 。
重点短语
√ set...apart from:使……与……不同 ,如:His talent for music sets him apart from his classmates.(他的音乐天赋使他与同学们不同。)
√ be curious about:对……好奇 ,如:We are curious about the new teacher.(我们对新老师很好奇。)
√ find out:发现;查明;弄清楚 ,如:We need to find out the truth.(我们需要查明真相。)
√ stay up late:熬夜 ,如:Don't stay up late, or you will be tired tomorrow.(不要熬夜,否则你明天会很累。)
√ in order to:为了 ,后接动词原形,如:He gets up early in order to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。) ,同义短语有so as to(不能用于句首) ,in order that(后接从句) ,so that(后接从句) 。
√ for free:免费 ,如:The tickets are for free.(这些票是免费的。)
√ translate...into...:把……翻译成…… ,如:She translated the novel into Chinese.(她把这本小说翻译成了中文。)
(二)句型
The joy of learning is as important in study as breathing is in running.:学习的乐趣在学习中就像呼吸在跑步中一样重要。 “as + 形容词/副词原级 + as” 表示 “和……一样” ,否定形式为 “not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as” ,表示 “不如……” 。如:He runs as fast as his brother.(他跑得和他哥哥一样快。);She is not as tall as her sister.(她不如她姐姐高。)
From a young age, Franklin's great love of learning set him apart from many others.:从小,富兰克林对学习的热爱使他与许多人不同。 “set sb. apart from...” 意为 “使某人与……不同” 。
While working in his brother's print shop, Franklin taught himself by reading a lot.:在他哥哥的印刷店工作时,富兰克林通过大量阅读自学。 “while + 现在分词” 作时间状语,相当于 “while + 主语 + be动词 + 现在分词” ,如:While (I was) walking in the park, I saw a beautiful bird.(当我在公园散步时,我看到了一只美丽的鸟。) ,“teach oneself” 表示 “自学” ,相当于 “learn...by oneself” 。
Curious about the world around him, Franklin once became interested in studying storms.:出于对周围世界的好奇,富兰克林曾经对研究风暴产生了兴趣。 “curious about...” 作原因状语,相当于 “Because he was curious about...” ,“become interested in...” 意为 “对……感兴趣” ,后接名词、代词或动名词 。
Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better.:即使在他70多岁时,他还发明了一种特殊的眼镜来帮助他看得更清楚。 “in one's + 整十基数词的复数形式” 表示 “在某人几十多岁时” ,如:in his twenties(在他二十多岁时) ,“to help him see better” 是动词不定式作目的状语 。
Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free.:富兰克林没有从他的任何发明中赚钱,而是让人们免费使用。 “not...but...” 表示 “不是……而是……” ,连接两个并列的成分 。
As a lifelong learner, he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey, full of wonder and success.:作为一个终身学习者,他把学习看作是一段令人兴奋和无尽的旅程,充满了奇迹和成功。 “see...as...” 意为 “把……看作……” ,“full of wonder and success” 是形容词短语作后置定语,修饰 “journey” ,相当于 “which was full of wonder and success” 。
(三)语法
副词的比较级和最高级。
构成规则:
一般在副词后加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级 ,如:fast - faster - fastest ,hard - harder - hardest 。
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的副词,先把y变为i,再加 -er 或 -est ,如:early - earlier - earliest 。
多音节副词和部分双音节副词,在前面加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级 ,如:carefully - more carefully - most carefully ,slowly - more slowly - most slowly 。
用法:
比较级:用于两者之间的比较,结构为 “比较级 + than” ,表示 “比……更……” 。如:He runs faster than me.(他跑得比我快。)
最高级:用于三者或三者以上的比较,前面加the ,结构为 “the + 最高级 + in/of” ,表示 “在……中最……” 。如:She sings the most beautifully in our class.(她在我们班唱歌最动听。)
反身代词
形式:myself(我自己) ,yourself(你自己) ,himself(他自己) ,herself(她自己) ,itself(它自己) ,ourselves(我们自己) ,yourselves(你们自己) ,themselves(他们/她们/它们自己) 。
用法:
当主语和宾语是同一人或事物时,宾语要用反身代词 。如:He taught himself French.(他自学法语。)
用于一些固定短语中 ,如:enjoy oneself(玩得开心) ,help oneself to(随便吃/用……) ,by oneself(独自地) ,dress oneself(给自己穿衣服) 等 。如:Help yourself to some fruit.(随便吃些水果。)
动词后缀 -er、-or、-ist构成表示 “……人” 的名词
▲ -er:一般加在动词后,表示动作的执行者 ,如:teach - teacher(教师) ,work - worker(工人) ,play - player(运动员;玩家) 。
▲ -or:也表示动作的执行者,常与一些以 -ate 结尾的动词搭配 ,如:invent - inventor(发明家) ,act - actor(男演员) ,collect - collector(收藏家) 。
▲ -ist:表示从事某种职业或研究的人 ,如:science - scientist(科学家) ,art - artist(艺术家) ,tour - tourist(游客) ,linguist(语言学家) 。
(四)课文内容
Welcome to the unit:通过中国谚语 “授人以鱼,一日之食;授人以渔,终身之食”“千里之行,始于足下”“学如逆水行舟,不进则退” ,讨论成功学习的关键因素,如学习动力、好老师、学习技巧和学习计划等 。引导学生思考对成功学习最重要的因素,并进行小组讨论和交流 。
Reading:介绍了本杰明·富兰克林的生平事迹,他是一位作家、科学家、发明家,也是美国的开国元勋之一 。从小,富兰克林对学习充满热爱,尽管只接受了两年的学校教育,但他在哥哥的印刷店工作时,通过大量阅读自学知识 。他对周围世界充满好奇,研究风暴并发现了风暴的移动规律,这有助于天气预报 。他还发明了许多东西,如晚年发明的特殊眼镜 。富兰克林不将发明用于牟利,而是免费分享给人们 。他把学习看作是一段充满奇迹和成功的无尽旅程,是一位终身学习者 。
Integrated skills:通过听力和阅读材料,学习语言学家赵元任学习语言的方法,如多听、多说、多读、多写,融入语言环境,记录句子而非单词等 。同时,通过学生Lily分享学习英语的经验,包括听力、口语、阅读和语法学习的技巧,如多听英语广播、找语言伙伴练习口语、阅读英语文章、做语法练习题等 。
Study skills:学习如何使用后缀 -er、-or、-ist构成表示 “……人” 的名词,以及副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法 。通过具体的例子和练习,让学生掌握这些语法知识 。
Task:要求学生写一篇关于自己学习经历或学习问题及建议的短文 。可以描述自己在学习过程中遇到的困难,如英语听力不好、数学难题不会做等,然后针对这些问题提出自己的解决方法或建议,如多听英语听力材料、请教老师和同学、做更多的练习题等 。
三、随堂练习
(一)词汇运用(每题2分,共20分)
As a good ______ (learn), we should be hard - working.
The ______ (invent) of the computer has changed the world greatly.
The little girl is very ______ (curiosity) about the new toy.
He wants to be a ______ (science) when he grows up.
We should learn to look after ______ (we) when we are alone.
The teacher asked us to ______ (translation) the sentences into English.
She ______ (success) in passing the driving test last week.
My father often stays up late, so he always feels ______ (sleep) in the morning.
They had a ______ (discuss) about how to solve the problem.
The book is very ______ (interest). I like it very much.
(二)单项选择(每题2分,共20分)
The joy of learning is ______ important in study ______ breathing is in running.
A. as; as B. so; as C. as; so D. too; to
From a young age, Franklin's great love of learning ______ him ______ many others.
A. sets; apart from B. set; apart from C. sets; from D. set; from
While ______ in his brother's print shop, Franklin taught himself by reading a lot.
A. work B. working C. worked D. to work
Curious about the world around him, Franklin once became interested __ studying storms.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses ______ help him see better.
A. in order B. in order to C. so that D. such that
Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them ___ free.
A. for B. with C. at D. in
As a lifelong learner, he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey, ______ of wonder and success.
A. fill B. filled C. full D. fully
He runs ______ than his brother.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
She taught ______ English when she was young.
A. her B. hers C. herself D. she
My father is a ______. He works in a factory.
A. work B. worker C. working D. works
(三)句型转换(每题3分,共15分)
He runs fast. His brother runs faster.(合并为一句)
His brother runs ______ ______ him.
She is a successful singer.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ successful singer she is!
Tom learned English by himself last year.(改为同义句)
Tom ______ ______ English last year.
They are discussing how they can solve the problem.(改为简单句)
They are discussing how ______ ______ the problem.
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.(改为同义句)
The boy is ______ young ______ go to school.
(四)阅读理解(每题5分,共15分)
阅读下面短文,回答问题。
Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1706. He was one of the most famous people in the 18th century. He was a writer, a scientist and an inventor.
Franklin's family was large, and he had only two years of schooling. But he loved learning. While working in his brother's print shop, he taught himself by reading a lot. He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up late to read them.
Franklin was curious about the world around him. He did many experiments. One day, he flew a kite in a thunderstorm to prove that lightning was electricity. His findings helped predict the weather.
Franklin invented many things. He invented the lightning rod, bifocal glasses and the Franklin stove. He didn't make money from his inventions. He let people use them for free.
As a lifelong learner, Franklin always tried to improve himself. He thought learning was an exciting journey. His ideas and inventions changed the world.
When and where was Benjamin Franklin born
How did Franklin teach himself while working in his brother's print shop
Why did Franklin fly a kite in a thunderstorm
(五)书面表达(10分)
以“My Learning Experience”为题,写一篇短文,描述你在学习过程中遇到的困难以及你是如何克服它们的 。内容包括:遇到的困难(如英语听力不好、数学难题不会做等)、解决方法(如多听英语听力材料、请教老师和同学、做更多的练习题等)以及你的收获 。至少80词 。
答案
(一)词汇运用
learner 2. invention 3. curious 4. scientist 5. ourselves 6. translate
7. succeeded 8. sleepy 9. discussion 10. interesting
(二)单项选择
1 - 5 ABBBB 6 - 10 ACBCB
(三)句型转换
faster than 2. What a 3. taught himself 4. to solve
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