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Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 语法+写作解析
一、语法解析
形容词、副词“级”的变化规则
1.比较级和最高级规则变化形式
1)一般形容词、副词最高级加-est.
Eg:small-- smallest(最高级)
long -- longest (最高级)
2)以不发音e结尾，加-st.
Eg: nice --nicest(最高级)
3)以重读闭音节(有一个元音字母，元音字母后只有一个辅音字母)，双写结尾字母，再加--est.
Eg: big -- biggest (最高级)
hot -- hottest (最高级)
4)以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-est
Eg: happy -- happiest (最高级)
5) 多音节词和有些双音节词，在词前加most.
Eg: interesting -- most interesting(最高级)
2.比较级和最高级不规则变化形式
good/well-- best(最高级)
bad/badly --worst(最高级)
many/much --most(最高级)
little -- least (最高级)
far -- farthest/ furthest(最高级)
注意:两种变化形式中，前者侧重距离最远，后者侧重程度最深
old -- oldest/eldest(最高级)
注意:两种变化形式中，前者侧重年龄大或物品旧，后者侧重年长
形容词、副词最高级用法
1.表三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。
注意:形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可不加。
Eg: He is the tallest boy in my class.他是我班最高的男生。
He runs fastest in my class.他在我班跑得最快。
2.最高级常见结构:
1) A +动词 + the + 形容词/副词最高级+ of/in/among +比较范围
Eg: He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男生中最高的。
2) A + be + one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数;译为“A是...中最...之一”
Eg: China is one of the strongest countries.中国是最富强的国家之一。
3) 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用句型:Which/Who +动词 +the+最高级， A, B or C
Eg: Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou
哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州
4) A + be + the + 序数词 +形容词最高级+名词单数 +范围;译为“第几个最.…”
Eg: She is the second tallest girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女孩。
5) 形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但不能加定冠词the.
Eg: Lucy is my best friend.露西是我最好的朋友。
二、写作解析
本单元写作主题为“濒临灭绝的蓝鲸”
(一)常用短语
1.the largest of all animals所有动物中最大的
2.24 to 34 meters long and weigh 150 to 200 tons 24米到34米，重150吨到200吨
3.look like a razor 看起来像一把剃刀
4.live to 90 -- 100 years可以活到90--100岁
5.the large amount of大量的
6.more than 300000 blue whales30多万只
(二)常用句型
1.The blue whale is by far the largest of all animals known since ancient times.
蓝鲸是目前为止人们所知道的从古至今所有动物中体型最大的。
2.The whole body is streamlined and looks like a razor.
整个身体呈流线型，看起来很像一把剃刀。
3.The life span of blue whales is over 50 years old.
蓝鲸的寿命都在50岁以上。
4.Human beings have hunted a large number of animals.
人类大量的猎捕。
5.Now there are only about 2000 left, almost on the verge of extinction.
现在仅剩下大约2000只，几乎到了濒临灭绝的境地。
(三)范文
The blue whale is by far the largest of all animals known since ancient times. Blue whales are generally 24 to 34 meters long and weigh 150 to 200 tons.The appearance of blue whales is light blue or mouse gray, with light fine spots on the back, and a wide and flat tail. The whole body is streamlined and looks like a razor, so it is also called “razor whale". The life span of blue whales is over 50 years old, and they can live to 90 -- 100 years old at most.
Over the years, human beings have hunted a large number of animals, and now the same species with a body length of more than 25 meters are rarely seen. In addition, the large amount of krill fishing has also greatly affected the foraging activities of blue whales. Half a century ago, there were more than 300000 blue whales in the world. Now there are only about 2000 left, almost on the verge of extinction.
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Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
八年级
人教2024版
上
语法+写作解析
一、语法解析
形容词、副词“级”的变化规则
1.比较级和最高级规则变化形式
1)一般形容词、副词最高级加-est.
Eg:small-- smallest(最高级)
long -- longest (最高级)
2)以不发音e结尾，加-st.
Eg: nice --nicest(最高级)
3)以重读闭音节(有一个元音字母，元音字母后只有一个辅音字母)，双写结尾字母，再加--est.
Eg: big -- biggest (最高级)
hot -- hottest (最高级)
4)以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-est
Eg: happy -- happiest (最高级)
5) 多音节词和有些双音节词，在词前加most.
Eg: interesting -- most interesting(最高级)
2.比较级和最高级不规则变化形式
good/well-- best(最高级)
bad/badly --worst(最高级)
many/much --most(最高级)
little -- least (最高级)
far -- farthest/ furthest(最高级)
注意:两种变化形式中，前者侧重距离最远，后者侧重程度最深
old -- oldest/eldest(最高级)
注意:两种变化形式中，前者侧重年龄大或物品旧，后者侧重年长
形容词、副词最高级用法
1.表三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。
注意:形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可不加。
Eg: He is the tallest boy in my class.他是我班最高的男生。
He runs fastest in my class.他在我班跑得最快。
2.最高级常见结构:
1) A +动词 + the + 形容词/副词最高级+ of/in/among +比较范围
Eg: He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男生中最高的。
2) A + be + one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数;译为“A是...中最...之一”
Eg: China is one of the strongest countries.中国是最富强的国家之一。
3) 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用句型:Which/Who +动词 +the+最高级， A, B or C
Eg: Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou
哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州
4) A + be + the + 序数词 +形容词最高级+名词单数 +范围;译为“第几个最.…”
Eg: She is the second tallest girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女孩。
5) 形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但不能加定冠词the.
Eg: Lucy is my best friend.露西是我最好的朋友。
二、写作解析
本单元写作主题为“濒临灭绝的蓝鲸”
(一)常用短语
1.the largest of all animals所有动物中最大的
2.24 to 34 meters long and weigh 150 to 200 tons 24米到34米，重150吨到200吨
3.look like a razor看起来像一把剃刀
4.live to 90 -- 100 years可以活到90--100岁
5.the large amount of大量的
6.more than 300000 blue whales30多万只
(二)常用句型
1.The blue whale is by far the largest of all animals known since ancient times.
蓝鲸是目前为止人们所知道的从古至今所有动物中体型最大的。
2.The whole body is streamlined and looks like a razor.
整个身体呈流线型，看起来很像一把剃刀。
3.The life span of blue whales is over 50 years old.
蓝鲸的寿命都在50岁以上。
4.Human beings have hunted a large number of animals.
人类大量的猎捕。
5.Now there are only about 2000 left, almost on the verge of extinction.
现在仅剩下大约2000只，几乎到了濒临灭绝的境地。
(三)范文
The blue whale is by far the largest of all animals known since ancient times. Blue whales are generally 24 to 34 meters long and weigh 150 to 200 tons.The appearance of blue whales is light blue or mouse gray, with light fine spots on the back, and a wide and flat tail. The whole body is streamlined and looks like a razor, so it is also called “razor whale". The life span of blue whales is over 50 years old, and they can live to 90 -- 100 years old at most.
Over the years, human beings have hunted a large number of animals, and now the same species with a body length of more than 25 meters are rarely seen. In addition, the large amount of krill fishing has also greatly affected the foraging activities of blue whales. Half a century ago, there were more than 300000 blue whales in the world. Now there are only about 2000 left, almost on the verge of extinction.
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