中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
译林版八年级上册Unit8 Safe and sound语法梳理+考点精炼
一、语法知识点总结。
过去进行时
构成:由“was/were + 现在分词”构成。其中,第一人称单数I和第三人称单数he/she/it 以及单数名词作主语时,用was;其他人称及复数名词作主语时,用were。
基本用法:
表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,常与at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at nine yesterday等表示过去的具体时间点的状语连用 。例如:I was doing my homework at eight last night.(昨晚八点我正在做作业。)
表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作,常与those days, that week, last winter等表示过去一段时间的状语连用。例如:They were planting trees those days.(那些天他们一直在植树。 )
用于叙述事情的语境中,描述背景动作。例如:Mary was dancing. But when she saw me, she stopped.(玛丽正在跳舞,但是当她看到我时,她停了下来。)
与一般过去时的区别:过去进行时强调过去某一时刻或时间段内正在进行或持续的动作;一般过去时表示动作发生在过去,且往往已经完成 。例如:He was playing basketball at three yesterday afternoon.(强调昨天下午三点正在进行的动作);He played basketball yesterday afternoon.(强调昨天下午做过打篮球这个动作,已完成)
与时间状语从句连用:
when引导的从句中,谓语动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词。当主句动作和从句动作同时发生,且从句动作是短暂性动词时,主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时;当从句动作是延续性动词时,主从句可以都用过去进行时,也可以主句用一般过去时,从句用过去进行时 。例如:When I was walking in the street, I met an old friend.(从句动作延续,主句动作短暂);When the teacher came in, we were talking.(从句动作短暂,主句动作延续)
while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,强调主句和从句的动作同时进行,主从句常用过去进行时 。例如:While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes.(我读书时,妈妈在洗衣服)
as引导的从句中,谓语动词多为延续性动词,强调两个动作同时进行,可译为“一边……一边……”或“随着” 。例如:As I was walking, I was singing.(我一边走一边唱);As time goes by, we are getting older.(随着时间的流逝,我们逐渐变老)
复合名词
构成方式:
名词+名词:如thunderstorm(雷暴),其中thunder(雷)是名词,storm(暴风雨)是名词;teamwork(团队合作),team(团队)是名词,work(工作)是名词。
名词+动词:如earthquake(地震),earth(地球)是名词,quake(震动)是动词;rainfall(降雨),rain(雨)是名词,fall(落下)是动词。
动词+名词:如passport(护照),pass(通过)是动词,port(港口)是名词;playground(操场),play(玩耍)是动词,ground(地面)是名词。
形容词+名词:如whiteboard(白板),white(白色的)是形容词,board(板)是名词;software(软件),soft(软的)是形容词,ware(器具,制品)是名词 。
二、专项训练。
(一)单项选择(每题1分,共15分)
—What ______ you ______ at 9:00 last night
—I was watching TV.
A. did; do B. were; doing C. are; doing D. do; do
While my mother ______ dinner, my father was cleaning the car.
A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. is cooking
The students ______ an English class when the teacher came in.
A. had B. have C. were having D. are having
I was walking in the park ______ I heard someone crying for help.
A. while B. as C. when D. since
He ______ his homework at this time yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. might be doing B. must do C. could do D. should do
When the earthquake happened, people ______ in all directions.
A. run B. ran C. are running D. were running
As we ______ along the road, we sang songs happily.
A. drive B. drove C. were driving D. are driving
While the children ______ games, their parents were watching TV.
A. played B. play C. were playing D. are playing
The little girl was reading a book ______ the doorbell rang.
A. when B. while C. as D. since
The workers ______ the fallen trees from the road all morning yesterday.
A. cleared B. are clearing C. were clearing D. will clear
“Thunderstorm” is a compound word. It is made up of “thunder” and “______”.
A. snow B. rain C. storm D. wind
Which of the following is a compound word formed by “verb + noun”
A. earthquake B. playground C. software D. thunderstorm
When the fire broke out, the firemen ______ to the scene immediately.
A. rushed B. were rushing C. rush D. are rushing
The boy was doing his homework ______ his mother was cooking in the kitchen.
A. as soon as B. until C. while D. since
I ______ my bike when it suddenly began to rain heavily.
A. rode B. was riding C. ride D. am riding
(二)用所给动词的适当形式填空(每题2分,共20分)
I ______ (read) a novel at 7:00 yesterday evening.
They ______ (play) football on the playground at that time last Sunday.
When I got home, my mother ______ (cook) dinner.
While the teacher ______ (explain) the problem, some students were talking.
The children ______ (watch) TV when their parents came back.
He ______ (write) a letter to his friend while I was doing my homework.
As the sun ______ (rise), the birds were singing.
I ______ (not sleep) well last night because there was a lot of noise outside.
What ______ you ______ (do) at this time last week
The workers ______ (build) the bridge for two months last year.
(三)句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
He was doing his homework at eight last night.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ his homework at eight last night.
They were playing basketball on the playground at that time.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—______ they ______ basketball on the playground at that time
—No, ______ ______.
She was reading a book when the phone rang.(对划线部分提问)
______ was she ______ when the phone rang
While I was walking in the park, I met an old friend.(改为同义句)
I was walking in the park ______ I met an old friend.
The students were having a PE class at this time yesterday.(对划线部分提问)
______ were the students ______ at this time yesterday
(四)根据汉语提示完成句子(每题3分,共15分)
当暴风雨来临时,人们正在四处奔跑。
People ______ ______ in all directions when the thunderstorm came.
昨天这个时候,她正在弹钢琴。
She ______ ______ the piano at this time yesterday.
我爸爸在看电视的时候,我妈妈在洗衣服。
While my father ______ ______ TV, my mother was washing clothes.
“passport”是一个复合词,它由“pass”和“port”组成。
“Passport” is a ______ word. It is made up of “pass” and “port”.
当老师进来时,我们正在讨论那个问题。
We ______ ______ the problem when the teacher came in.
(五)阅读理解(每题2分,共10分)
Last night, a big fire happened in a tall building. At 11:00 p.m., most people in the building were sleeping. When the fire started, some people were watching TV, some were chatting online, and a few were still working. The fire spread quickly. People ran out of their apartments in a hurry. Some were shouting for help, some were calling the firemen, and others were trying to put out the fire themselves.
The firemen arrived quickly. While they were putting out the fire, they were also helping people get out of the building safely. It was a difficult job because the fire was very strong. But finally, they managed to put out the fire and save most of the people.
What was the time when the fire happened
A. At 10:00 p.m. B. At 11:00 p.m. C. At 12:00 p.m. D. At 1:00 a.m.
What were some people doing when the fire started
A. They were sleeping. B. They were eating.
C. Some were watching TV. D. Some were cooking.
What were the firemen doing while they were putting out the fire
A. They were calling for more help. B. They were running away.
C. They were helping people get out of the building safely.
D. They were waiting for the fire to die down.
Why was it a difficult job for the firemen
A. Because there were too many people. B. Because the building was too tall.
C. Because the fire was very strong. D. Because they didn't have enough tools.
Which of the following is TRUE
A. All the people were sleeping when the fire started.
B. The firemen couldn't put out the fire.
C. Some people tried to put out the fire themselves.
D. No one was saved in the fire.
答案
(一)单项选择
B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
(二)用所给动词的适当形式填空
was reading
were playing
was cooking
was explaining
were watching
was writing
was rising
didn't sleep
were; doing
were building
(三)句型转换
wasn't doing
Were; playing; they weren't
What; doing
when
What; doing
(四)根据汉语提示完成句子
were running
was playing
was watching
compound
were discussing
(五)阅读理解
B 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C
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