UNIT5 POEMS
词句默写
1 分层单词 写作词汇
1. drama n.戏；剧；戏剧艺术
2. folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的
3. recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举
4. mood n.情绪；心情；语气
5. delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的
6. blank adj.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的;没表情的n.空白；空格
7. sow vt.& vi.播种；种
8. seed n.种子；起源；萌芽
9. deadline n.最后期限；截止日期
10. contest n.比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt.争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩
11. polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n.上光剂；抛光；擦亮
12. prejudice n.偏见；成见 vt.使怀有（或形成）偏见
阅读词汇
1. dawn n.黎明；开端；萌芽
2. amateur n.业余爱好者adj.业余的；业余爱好的
3. tease vi.& vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄
4. blossom n.花朵；花簇
5. await vt.等候；期待；将发生在
6. utter vt.出声；说；讲adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的
7. version n.版本；（从不同角度的）说法
8. dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的
9. barren adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的
拓展词汇
1. sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
2. literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n.文学
3. respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为→respective adj.分别的；各自的
4. comprehension n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习→comprehensive adj.综合性的；全部的；详尽的
5. sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n.同情；赞同→sympathize vi.同情；赞同
6. innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪→innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的
7. correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系→correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信
8. complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的→complicate vt.使复杂化→complication n.并发症；使复杂化的情况
2 高频短语
1. to the point简单明了
2. make sense讲得通；有意义
3. be made up of由……组成（构成）
4. be popular with受……欢迎
5. in particular特别；尤其
6. fall in love with爱上
7. carry out执行；完成
8. come across遇到
9. be familiar with熟悉
10. look forward to盼望
3 经典句型
1. There are various reasons why people compose poetry（人们为什么写诗）.（why引导定语从句）
2. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite（容易学和背诵）.（“be＋adj.＋to do”结构）
3. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from（从中选择）, you may eventually want to write poems of your own.（with复合结构）
4. The reason is that（原因是）they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.（that引导表语从句）
5. It was because（这是因为）Barrett’s father was a dominant and selfish man.（It/This is/was because...）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
People compose poetry for 1.various（vary）reasons. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image while others convey certain feelings such as joy and 2.sorrow（sorrowful）. Meanwhile, poets write many different forms of poetry 3.delicately（delicate）to express themselves. A few simpler forms are as follows:
Nursery rhymes a young child learns in English are usually the traditional poems or folk songs, whose language is 4.to the point but has a storyline. They are easy 5.to recite（recite）. One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, containing a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. Another simple form of poem that 6.amateurs（amateur） can write is the cinquain 7.made（make） up of five lines, with which you can convey a strong picture or a certain 8.mood（情绪） in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry 9.consisting（consist） of 17 syllables, which has a format of three lines. English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. With so many different forms of poetry 10.to choose（choose） from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own.
一、词汇训练 熟词生义
1. Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.人们
2. Throughout Europe a new railway age, that of the high-speed train, has dawned.出现；开始形成
3. Men mowed the wide lawns and seeded them.播种
4. We need to focus on our core activities.最重要的
5. A wide smile emerged from his blank expression.无表情的
词性变换
1. She has published more than 20 books including novels, poetry and literary （literature） criticism.
2. In fact, it is often used as a way of improving comprehension（comprehend）.
3. She met people in Beijing who were sympathetic（sympathy） to the campaign.
4. In this country, you are innocent（innocence） until proved guilty.
5. Our correspondence （correspond）is limited to a few commercial letters.
6. The firm has achieved a dominant（dominate）position in the world market.
7. The situation was more complicated（complicate） than they had at first realized.
8. The city had faced racial（race）crisis and come through it.
短语串烧
When I 1.came across（偶然发现） the Chinese classic A Dream of Red Mansions, which 2.is made up of（由……组成） 120 chapters, I 3.fell in love with（爱上）its plot and characters. The author created a wide variety of vivid characters, which 4.were popular with（受欢迎） readers. Readers 5.were familiar with（熟悉） them, several classical characters 6.in particular（尤其）.
Some versions had reviews, so when I had difficulty in understanding some sentences, I would refer to the reviews, which were brief and 7.to the point（简洁中肯）. In this way, I 8.made sense of（弄懂） them, and 9.carried out（完成）the whole book. The book was so attractive that I read it again and again. I was 10.looking forward to（期待）others’ different reviews of this book.
二、话题重现
Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet,a 58-minute documentary released recently on BBC, introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time 1.in the form of documentaries. In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited a number of Chinese 2.cities（city） to retrace Du’s steps. The documentary invited well-known British actor Ian McKellen, 3.who played Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings movies, 4.to read （read）15 of Du’s poems that have been translated into English.
Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China’s brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life 5.was destroyed（destroy） by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755. Of 6.the many poems he wrote, 500 have been preserved over the ages. For generations he 7.has been（be） the guardian of the moral conscience of the nation.
The documentary compared Du to Shakespeare to help audiences 8.better（well） understand the poet’s great achievements in literature. It also highlighted Chinese poetry, noting that its 3,000-year-old history makes 9.it the oldest living tradition of poetry in the world.
During an interview, the director even quoted a line from Du 10.to encourage（encourage）the people suffering under the COVID-19 pandemic.
三、写作提能
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Wendy非常喜欢中国文化，给你写信想了解唐诗。请你根据下列要点提示给她写一封回信，对唐诗加以介绍：
1.形式多样：有古体诗和近体诗，就字数来看基本上有五言和七言两种；
2.题材广泛：反映社会状况、描绘风景等； 3.著名诗人：……
Dear Wendy,
I’m so glad to receive your letter. And it is really a coincidence that you asked me about Tang poems, and I have just learned something about them.
Tang poems are various 1.in formats and subjects（在格式和主题上）. Generally speaking, they 2.are made up of（由……组成） two groups—classical poems and modern poems. Not only the length of a line but also the length of a poem 3.is limited to （限制在） a certain number of words. There are often four, eight or twelve lines with five or seven words in each line. Poets wrote poems 4.for different purposes （因为不同的目的）, for example, exposing the darkness of society or 5.describing the beautiful scenes or their moods （描述美丽的风景或者他们的情绪）.
There were many famous poets during the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. If you want to read more, the book Three Hundred Tang Poems is a good choice, which includes poems of many well-known poets and 6.is suitable to recite （适合诵读）. After reading them, you will 7.have a better understanding of （更好地理解） Tang poems.
Yours sincerely,
Li HuaUNIT2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
词句默写
1 分层单词 写作词汇
1. abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
2. dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
3. reward n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
4. negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
5. pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
6. discipline n.自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
7. delete v.删去；删除
8. skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n.蹦跳
9. dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
10. dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
11. enhance vt.提高；增强；增进
阅读词汇
1. tobacco n.烟草；烟叶
2. alcohol n.酒；酒精
3. pill n.药丸；药片
4. surgeon n.外科医生
5. shave vi., vt.& n.剃（须发）；刮脸
6. beard n.胡须；络腮胡子
7. cigarette n.香烟；卷烟
8. dentist n.牙科医生
9. nut n.坚果
10. skateboard n.滑板 vi.滑滑板
拓展词汇
1. psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理的→psychologist n.心理学家
2. rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→reliably adv.可靠地；可信赖地
3. facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利→facility n.设施；设备
4. examine vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验→examination n.考试；检查
5. compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n.成分，构成；作曲，创作；作文；作品→composer n.作曲家
6. liberation n.解放；摆脱→liberate vt.解放；使自由
7. disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的→disturbed adj.心烦意乱的→disturbance n.干扰；骚乱；打扰
8. special adj.特别的；专用的；特有的→specially adv.特别地；专门地→specialist n.专科医生；专家
9. consultant n.顾问；高级顾问医师→consult vt.咨询；请教
10. stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激→stimulation n.激励；刺激
11. monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n.月刊→month n.月
12. refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshment n.恢复活力；焕发精神→refreshing adj.提神的；使人精力充沛的
13. absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的→absorption n.吸收；全神贯注,专心致志
2 高频短语
1. in response to回答；答复
2. rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
3. straight away立即；马上
4. decide on决定；选定
5. make up one’s mind下定决心
6. be composed of由……组成（或构成）的
7. shave off剃掉；刮去
8. stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁
9. worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
3 经典句型
1. These bad habits, if left unchecked（如果任其发展）, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.（if从句的省略）
2. To change bad habits（改变坏习惯） is never easy, even with many attempts.（动词不定式作主语）
3. Neither too much nor too little（既不太多也不太少） is good.（neither...nor...连接并列主语）
4. Whenever（无论什么时候） I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.（whenever引导让步状语从句）
5. I gotso absorbed that（太投入了以至于） I played the games day and night.（so...that...引导结果状语从句）
课前自测·必备知识串阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
Teenagers often have bad habits. To prevent harmful habits from 1.dominating（dominate） a teenager’s life is of importance. According to modern 2.psychology（心理学）, we must use the “habit cycle” to understand how they work. First we must find out what the “cue” is and then we take positive action 3.in response to（回应） it. Finally, there is the “4.reward（回报）”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 5.To facilitate（facilitate） a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. Changing bad habits is difficult. If we are not successful straight 6.away, it is easy for us to be pessimistic and give up. So to reach the goal of change, a person must take action and show some 7.discipline（自制力）. There is no “magic pill” to help you. You have to think about your bad habits and 8.decide on（决定）some changes. Eventually, you will have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits.
一、词汇训练 熟词生义
1. Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science.学科
2. She’s already shaved four seconds off the national record for the mile.减少
3. Most obviously,the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast.不做（应做的事等）
4. He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes.提醒；使想起
5. [2020新高考Ⅰ]In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.理解；掌握
词性变换
1. Training should be fun and rewarding （reward） for you and your dog.
2. Some students don’t have a reliable （rely）car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
3. Optimism was gradually taking the place of pessimism （pessimistic）.
4. All students without exception must take the English examination （examine）.
5. Apart from a few grammatical mistakes, this composition （compose） of yours is well written.
6. Before liberation （liberate）, China’s highest annual output of steel was only just over 900,000 tons.
7. A lot of people wake up every day with a sense of being unsettled and disturbed （disturb）.
8. Protective gloves reduce theabsorption （absorb） of chemicals through the skin.
短语串烧
When Li Ning retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. Even though he had won everything that was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired as he felt 1.worn out（筋疲力尽的）. He was 2.stressed out（焦虑不安）because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. After Li Ning retired, he 3.made up his mind（下定决心） to succeed in his new life. Li Ning began a new career—as a businessman. But he 4.relied on（依靠）his sporting background. 5.Straight away（立即） he 6.decided on（选定）a new brand of sportswear. He made the unusual decision of choosing his own name as the brand mark. The bright red logo 7.is composed of（由……组成）two initials of Li Ning’s name, L and N and the product is developed 8.in response to（回应） customer demand. 9.After all（毕竟）, the customer is always right.
二、话题重现
As we all know, tobacco and alcohol 1.are composed（compose） of some harmful materials. They have 2.a negative effect on people’s physical health and psychology. People are likely to rely 3.on them badly. However, don’t be pessimistic and feel 4.disturbed（disturb）.
To prevent them from 5.dominating（dominate） your life, you should make up 6.your（you） mind to get rid of bad habits. You should discipline yourself and take exercise 7.to enhance（enhance） your body.
8.As/When you feel stressed out and worn out, listen to music or watch comedy films instead of drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes. After some time, you will feel dynamic and refreshed. And meanwhile, you can 9.be absorbed（absorb） in your study and work.
10.Finally （final）, when in trouble, you can turn to a specialist or consultant for help.
三、写作提能
世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）在首个关于全球青少年运动趋势的研究报告中称，全球大约有 80%的青少年缺乏锻炼。专家认为，运动量不足将影响青少年未来的健康状况。为此，世卫组织将举办一场国际中学生交流活动。假如你叫李华，你将在这场活动上发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括:1.青少年缺乏运动的原因; 2.运动的好处； 3.合理的建议。
Dear fellow students,
According to the World Health Organization, there are about 80% teenagers around the world 1.lacking of exercise（缺乏锻炼）. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to that and 2.make up our minds to（下定决心） exercise regularly every day.
As we all know, most of us think exercising is 3.a waste of time（浪费时间） for we have much homework in high school. We prefer phones to sports. However, sports can 4.strengthen our bodies and make us dynamic/energetic/refreshed （增强体质以及使我们精力充沛）, which 5.is beneficial to（对……有好处） our study. So, I wonder if all of us can 6.make a plan（制订计划） for daily exercise after hearing my speech. We can choose a sport we like and make a reasonable time to do it. 7.Make sure（确保） we can insist otherwise we cannot gain the effect. Anyhow, I hope we can 8.change our minds（改变想法） and spend more time exercising.
That’s all. Thank you for listening!选择性必修第三册
UNIT1 ART
1 分层单词
写作词汇
1. reputation n.名誉；名声 2. rank n.地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
3. purchase vt.购买；采购 n.购买；购买的东西
4. permanent adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的
5. decline n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落 vi.& vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝
6. expansion n.扩张；扩展；扩大
7. guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生 n.保证；保修单；担保物
8. worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的
阅读词汇
1. primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）
2. humanistic adj.人文主义的
3. photography n.照相术；摄影
4. humble adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的
5. symphony n.交响乐；交响曲
6. artistic adj.艺术的；艺术家的
7. civil adj.国民的；民用的；民事的
8. contemporary adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的 n.同代人；同辈人
拓展词汇
1. precise adj.准确的；精确的→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此→precision n.精确
2. realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→realism n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风→realist n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者
3. influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的→influentially adv.有影响力地；有力地→influence vt.影响 n.影响；有影响的人
4. emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露→emergent adj.新兴的；处于发展初期的→emergence n.兴起
5. subjective adj.主观的→subjectively adv.主观地；臆想地→subject n.主题；科目vt.使顺从
6. subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的→subsequence n.随后；接着
7. visual adj.视觉的；视力的→visually adv.视觉上地,外表上地→vision n.视力；想象
8. investment n.投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入→invest vt.& vi.投资
9. memorial n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品 adj.纪念的;悼念的→memory n.记忆,记忆力→memorize vt.记住；记忆
10. criticize vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价→critical adj.批评的；关键的；可能有危险的→criticism n.批评；评论
11. representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n.代表→represent v.代表
12. exhibition n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演→exhibit v.展览,展出
13. entry n.加入；进入；参与→enter v.进入；报名参加
14. recognition n.承认；认出；赞誉→recognize v.认出；承认；识别；赞赏
2 高频短语
1. in particular尤其；特别
2. set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
3. be fond of喜爱；喜欢
4. bring... to life赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来
5. be worthy of值得
3 经典句型
1. It is hard to give（难以给）a precise definition. （It is+adj.+动词不定式）
2. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were oftenmade much larger（使大得多） than everyone else to show their importance.（make的复合结构）
3. While his paintings still had religious themes（虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题） , they showed real people in a real environment.（while引导让步状语从句）
4. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from（被认为来自）the collection of Emperor Qianlong（1711—1799）, a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.（be thought to have done）
5. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century（直到七世纪才真正开始扩张）.（not...until...）
课前自测·必备知识阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或给出括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps the best way to 1.precisely（precise） understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting 2.realistic（realist） scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone. 3.Particularly（particular）, his paintings are set apart 4.fromother paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
Next came the Renaissance，5.when new ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life using perspective and oil paints. There were many 6.influential （influence） painters then. Rembrandt gained 7.a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
After the invention of photography, paintings were no longer needed 8.to preserve（preserve） what people and the world looked like. As a result, Impressionism 9.emerged（emerge） in France.
After Impressionism, subsequent artists tried to analyse the shapes 10.which existed in the natural world but in a new way，with Cubism.
一、词汇训练
熟词生义 1. The train conveys over three hundred passengers every day.运送
2. [2020天津]We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking.拒绝
3. [2020新高考Ⅰ]Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.参赛作品
4. People all over the country think Yuan Longping to be a worthy scientist.值得尊敬的
词性变换
1. [2020新高考Ⅰ]The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential（influence）when we’re making decisions.
2. This smart keyboard precisely（precise） measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
3. Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent（subsequence） report.
4. Raynor Winn and her husband became homeless due to their wrong investment （invest）.
5. Hainan’s duty-free shopping policy has permanently （permanent）come into force.
6. She found herself on the receiving end of a great deal of criticism（criticise）.
7. The exhibition （exhibit） will last for two weeks, and every student is welcome to visit.
8. He received the award in recognition （recognize） of his success over the past year.
9. A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion（expand）.
短语串烧
High school time 1.is recognized as （被认为是） a golden time in one’s life, which I 2.am impressed by（对……有印象）. On campus, my school friends and I 3.concentrate on （全神贯注于）studies and study hard together. I 4.am fond of （喜爱） music, classical music 5.in particular （尤其）. I often take music classes after school, and the teacher 6.brings music to life （使……鲜活起来）, which 7.is worthy of （值得）being learned. I want to 8.set myself apart from （突出自己）others in music, and dream of being a musician. As a result, I must study hard to make this dream come true.
二、话题重现
In ancient China lived an artist 1.whose paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait （画像） done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2.finest（fine） work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3.be chosen（choose）, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4.curiosity（curious）, the artist packed his bags and left. 5.When/Ashe asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary （传奇的） artist, they smiled and 6.pointed（point） down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7.to find（find） the well-known painter. As the small boat moved 8.gently（gentle） along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9.surrounding（surround） the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled（谦卑） by the greatest artist 10.on earth, Mother Nature.
三、写作提能
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Alice对中国传统艺术感兴趣，写信请你向她介绍中国传统艺术。请依据下列要点，给她写封回信。
要点：1.介绍中国传统艺术——年画；
2.欢迎Alice来中国体验中国年画的创作。
Dear Alice,
How is everything going I’m so happy to know that you are interested in traditional Chinese art from your letter. In my opinion, 1.learning Chinese New Year paintings（学习中国年画） is the best choice. As is known to us all, Chinese people would like to 2.put up New Year paintings to celebrate（张贴年画来庆祝）the Spring Festival. Chinese New Year paintings 3.cover various subjects（涉及不同的话题）, like historical stories, harvests, flowers and birds. 4.As you are good at painting（因为你擅长绘画）, I believe you can learn the art well quickly. By learning it, you can know more about Chinese culture, and 5.improve your drawing skills（提高你的绘画技能）.
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
UNIT2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
词句默写1 分层单词
写作词汇
1. abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
2. dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
3. reward n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
4. negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
5. pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
6. discipline n.自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
7. delete v.删去；删除
8. skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n.蹦跳
9. dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
10. dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
11. enhance vt.提高；增强；增进
阅读词汇
1. tobacco n.烟草；烟叶 2. alcohol n.酒；酒精
3. pill n.药丸；药片 4. surgeon n.外科医生
5. shave vi., vt.& n.剃（须发）；刮脸 6. beard n.胡须；络腮胡子
7. cigarette n.香烟；卷烟 8. dentist n.牙科医生
9. nut n.坚果 10. skateboard n.滑板 vi.滑滑板
拓展词汇
1. psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理的→psychologist n.心理学家
2. rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→reliably adv.可靠地；可信赖地
3. facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利→facility n.设施；设备
4. examine vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验→examination n.考试；检查
5. compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n.成分，构成；作曲；作文；作品→composer n.作曲家
6. liberation n.解放；摆脱→liberate vt.解放；使自由
7. disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的→disturbed adj.心烦意乱的→disturbance n.干扰；骚乱；打扰
8. special adj.特别的；专用的；特有的→specially adv.特别地；专门地→specialist n.专科医生；专家
9. consultant n.顾问；高级顾问医师→consult vt.咨询；请教
10. stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激→stimulation n.激励；刺激
11. monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n.月刊→month n.月
12. refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshment n.恢复活力；焕发精神→refreshing adj.提神的；使人精力充沛的
13. absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的→absorption n.吸收；全神贯注,专心致志
2 高频短语
1. in response to回答；答复
2. rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
3. straight away立即；马上
4. decide on决定；选定
5. make up one’s mind下定决心
6. be composed of由……组成（或构成）的
7. shave off剃掉；刮去
8. stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁
9. worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
3 经典句型
1. These bad habits, if left unchecked（如果任其发展）, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.（if从句的省略）
2. To change bad habits（改变坏习惯） is never easy, even with many attempts.（动词不定式作主语）
3. Neither too much nor too little（既不太多也不太少） is good.（neither...nor...连接并列主语）
4. Whenever（无论什么时候） I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.（whenever引导让步状语从句）
5. I gotso absorbed that（太投入了以至于） I played the games day and night.（so...that...引导结果状语从句）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
Teenagers often have bad habits. To prevent harmful habits from 1.dominating（dominate） a teenager’s life is of importance. According to modern 2.psychology（心理学）, we must use the “habit cycle” to understand how they work. First we must find out what the “cue” is and then we take positive action 3.in response to（回应） it. Finally, there is the “4.reward（回报）”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 5.To facilitate（facilitate） a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. Changing bad habits is difficult. If we are not successful straight 6.away, it is easy for us to be pessimistic and give up. So to reach the goal of change, a person must take action and show some 7.discipline（自制力）. There is no “magic pill” to help you. You have to think about your bad habits and 8.decide on（决定）some changes. Eventually, you will have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits.
一、词汇训练
熟词生义 1. Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science.学科
2. She’s already shaved four seconds off the national record for the mile.减少
3. Most obviously,the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast.不做（应做的事等）
4. He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes.提醒；使想起
5. [2020新高考Ⅰ]In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.理解；掌握
词性变换
1. Training should be fun and rewarding （reward） for you and your dog.
2. Some students don’t have a reliable （rely）car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
3. Optimism was gradually taking the place of pessimism （pessimistic）.
4. All students without exception must take the English examination （examine）.
5. Apart from a few grammatical mistakes, this composition （compose） of yours is well written.
6. Before liberation （liberate）, China’s highest annual output of steel was only just over 900,000 tons.
7. A lot of people wake up every day with a sense of being unsettled and disturbed （disturb）.
8. Protective gloves reduce theabsorption （absorb） of chemicals through the skin.
短语串烧
When Li Ning retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. Even though he had won everything that was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired as he felt 1.worn out（筋疲力尽的）. He was 2.stressed out（焦虑不安）because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. After Li Ning retired, he 3.made up his mind（下定决心） to succeed in his new life. Li Ning began a new career—as a businessman. But he 4.relied on（依靠）his sporting background. 5.Straight away（立即） he 6.decided on（选定）a new brand of sportswear. He made the unusual decision of choosing his own name as the brand mark. The bright red logo 7.is composed of（由……组成）two initials of Li Ning’s name, L and N and the product is developed 8.in response to（回应） customer demand. 9.After all（毕竟）, the customer is always right.
二、话题重现
As we all know, tobacco and alcohol 1.are composed（compose） of some harmful materials. They have 2.a negative effect on people’s physical health and psychology. People are likely to rely 3.on them badly. However, don’t be pessimistic and feel 4.disturbed（disturb）.
To prevent them from 5.dominating（dominate） your life, you should make up 6.your（you） mind to get rid of bad habits. You should discipline yourself and take exercise 7.to enhance（enhance） your body.
8.As/When you feel stressed out and worn out, listen to music or watch comedy films instead of drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes. After some time, you will feel dynamic and refreshed. And meanwhile, you can 9.be absorbed（absorb） in your study and work.
10.Finally （final）, when in trouble, you can turn to a specialist or consultant for help.
三、写作提能
世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）在首个关于全球青少年运动趋势的研究报告中称，全球大约有 80%的青少年缺乏锻炼。专家认为，运动量不足将影响青少年未来的健康状况。为此，世卫组织将举办一场国际中学生交流活动。假如你叫李华，你将在这场活动上发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括:1.青少年缺乏运动的原因; 2.运动的好处； 3.合理的建议。
Dear fellow students,
According to the World Health Organization, there are about 80% teenagers around the world 1.lacking of exercise（缺乏锻炼）. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to that and 2.make up our minds to（下定决心） exercise regularly every day.
As we all know, most of us think exercising is 3.a waste of time（浪费时间） for we have much homework in high school. We prefer phones to sports. However, sports can 4.strengthen our bodies and make us dynamic/energetic/refreshed （增强体质以及使我们精力充沛）, which 5.is beneficial to（对……有好处） our study. So, I wonder if all of us can 6.make a plan（制订计划） for daily exercise after hearing my speech. We can choose a sport we like and make a reasonable time to do it. 7.Make sure（确保） we can insist otherwise we cannot gain the effect. Anyhow, I hope we can 8.change our minds（改变想法） and spend more time exercising.
That’s all. Thank you for listening!
UNIT3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
1 分层单词
写作词汇
1. ecology n.生态；生态学 2. release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
3. broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n.广播节目；电视节目
4. policy n.政策；方针；原则
5. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 6. reform vi.& vt.改革；（使）改正；改造 n.改革；变革；改良
7. smog n.烟雾（烟与雾混合的空气污染物） 8. dozen n.（一）打；十二个
9. fine vt.对……处以罚款 10. campaign n.运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
阅读词汇
1. emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放
2. carbon n.碳
3. fossil n.化石
4. fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行
5. trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
6. footprint n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积
7. moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
8. tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
9. jungle n.（热带）丛林；密林
10. garbage n.垃圾；废物
拓展词汇
1. starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死→starvation n.饿死→starving adj.极饿的
2. sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3. comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehensively adv.完全地；彻底地→comprehension n.理解；理解力
4. frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的→frequency n.频率；频繁
5. restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
6. harmonious adj.和谐的→harmoniously adv.和谐地；调和地→harmony n.协调；和睦；融洽
7. submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n.投降；提交；归顺
8. annual adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→annually adv.每年；一年一次
9. sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensen.感觉；理解力→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→senseless adj.无意义的；无目的的
10. restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复→restoration n.恢复；复位
11. conservation n.对（环境、文物等）保护；保持→conserve vt.保护；保存
12. inspection n.检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；查看；审视
13. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerance n.容忍；忍耐力→tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的
2 高频短语
1. have an impact on对……有影响；对……造成冲击
2. refer to参考；涉及；指的是 3. be trapped in陷入
4. result in导致 5. take responsibility for对……负责
6. on behalf of sb.代表（代替）某人 7. contribute to有助于；捐献；促成
8. dozens of许多；几十 9. in effect实际上；生效
10. make use of利用
3 经典句型
1. There is little doubt that（几乎没有疑问）Earth is getting warmer and warmer（see the graph）.（there is little doubt that...）
2. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable（保持地球气候温暖并且适宜居住）.（现在分词作状语）
3. Without this process（没有这个过程）, Earth could not sustain life.（without含蓄虚拟语气）
4. ...not only（不但） causing serious damage, but also（而且） costing human lives.（not only... but also...连接并列成分）
5. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river（随着更多的家庭和商业垃圾最终汇入河流）.（with的复合结构）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1.on Earth’s ecology. Due to the increase in temperature, a polar bear seemed 2.to have starved（starve）to death for lack of food in 2013. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface. The heat 3.is released （release） back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and 4.habitable（habitation）. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. It has influenced the 5.sustainable（sustain）development greatly. Comprehensive evidence shows that the rise in temperature has 6.led to（导致） an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. News reports are 7.frequently（frequent） broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves. Governments should make 8.policies （policy）and take appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 9.Restrictions（restrict） on carbon dioxide should be made, and we should seize every opportunity 10.to raise（raise）awareness of global warming, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
一、词汇训练
熟词生义1. People starved of sleep may find it difficult to focus their minds on what they are doing.缺乏……的
2. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas.加速
3. The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner. 归还
4. I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me.（情绪）侵袭，突然控制
词性变换
1. [2021新高考Ⅰ]Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually（annual） purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.
2. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation （starve）.
3. The sustainable （sustain） success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.
4. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently （frequent）.
5. The company is pleased that the import restrictions（restrict）have been lifted.
6. It is a harmonious（harmony）community where pupils are happy and industrious（勤奋的）.
7. People are paying more and more attention to the conservation（conserve） of wildlife.
8. A room inspection （inspect）will take place and you will be responsible for payment for any damage or missing items.
短语串烧
Over the last few decades, economic globalization has contributed greatly to global economic growth, which 1.has a great impact on（对……产生巨大的影响）people’s life. However, when 2.referring to （提到） economic development, some people think it will 3.result in（导致） 4.dozens of （许多） problems. For example, chemical waste produced by factories goes into the atmosphere and makes people sick. In this case, people 5.are trapped in （陷入）panic. So, people should 6.take responsibility for （对……负责） protecting the environment. Meanwhile, the government must make laws 7.in effect （生效）to stop people from destroying the environment. As president of the student union, I decide to make use of my spare time to do what I can to protect the environment 8.on behalf of（代表） our schoolmates.
二、话题重现
Wild Chinese sturgeon （鲟） are thought to have lived at the same time as dinosaurs and among the first class of protected animals in China. Last week, a wild Chinese sturgeon, which is believed to be the 1.largest （large） ever found in the past two decades, arrived in Beijing for better treatment. The species is one of the 2.critically（critical） endangered fish species in China and can be found only in the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.
The Chinese sturgeon “Houfu”,3.which literally means “good fortune for ever after”, arrived at the Beijing Aquarium on Monday after 22 hours of transport 4.fromHubei Province.
When the fish 5.was found（find） by a fisherman in the Yangtze River Basin, it had been suffering from multiple 6.injuries（injury）. It was sent to the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute for treatment immediately. As it was so weak, local caretakers had difficulty 7.feeding（feed） it. The Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute decided to move it to Beijing to receive further treatment.
Nicknamed “Aquatic giant pandas” and 8.listed（list） as a wild creature under state protection, the species has been struggling due to water projects, busy waterway traffic 9.andpollution in recent years. The number of Chinese sturgeon living in the wild 10.has fallen（fall） sharply to about 50 now from about 1,000 in 1982, according to researchers’ estimates.
三、写作提能
假定你是李华，请你给校英语报写一封倡议信，号召全校同学积极响应学校正在开展的垃圾分类活动，内容包括： 1.垃圾分类的意义； 2.你的建议。
Dear fellow students,
As you may have noticed, the program of waste classification in our school has kicked off. 1.On behalf of our school （代表我们学校）, I am writing to call on you, members of the school, to take immediate actions.
Every day, we 2.produce plenty of garbage（产生大量的垃圾）, ranging from plastic bottles to paper, which not only leads to environmental pollution, but is also a waste of resources. Therefore, it is urgent for us to 3.take an active part in（积极参加） the waste classification program. First, we can collect what can be recycled to 4.save resources （节约资源）. Second, harmful materials should be sorted and treated properly to avoid pollution. Most importantly, we need to 5.develop the habit of （养成……的习惯）classifying waste to build a harmonious and beautiful environment.
Let’s do it!
Yours,
Li Hua
UNIT4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
1 分层单词
写作词汇
1. wage n.工资
2. bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3. aboard adv.& prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
4. envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
5. sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
6. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
7. decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
8. genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
9. thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
10. furniture n.家具
11. bark vi.& n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声
12. damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
13. recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏
14. motive n.动机；原因；目的
阅读词汇
1. adversity n.困境；逆境
2. expedition n.探险；远征；探险队
3. vigour n.精力；力量；活力
4. cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5. crush vt.毁坏，压坏，压碎 n.拥挤的人群
6. blanket n.毯子
7. voyage n.& vi.航海；航行
8. crew n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
9. episode n.（人生的）一段经历;（小说的）片段；插曲
10. candidate n.候选人；应试者
拓展词汇
1. qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）→qualification n.资格；限制条件；资格取得→qualify vi.& vt.取得资格;使具备资格；有权
2. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地→enthusiasm n.热心；热忱
3. assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n.（分派的）工作，任务
4. selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的→selfishness n.自私→selflessness n.无私
5. resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念→resolution n.决议；解决；坚定
6. cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残酷地；非常→cruelty n.残酷；残忍
7. unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→unfortunate adj.不幸的；令人遗憾的→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n.运气；巨款；命运
8. guidance n.指导；引导；导航→guide vt.给某人领路（或导游）；指引 n.向导；指南
9. advertising n.广告活动,广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告
mitment n.承诺；保证；奉献→commit v.犯（罪或错等）；保证；承诺→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
2 高频短语
1. turn sb. down拒绝（某人）
2. be enthusiastic about热衷于
3. set off出发
4. keep one’s spirits up振作精神
5. from bad to worse每况愈下
6. make it成功
7. cheer sb. up使某人振作起来
8. make fire生火
9. give off放出（热、光、气味或气体）
10. deal with处理；对付
3 经典句型
1. ... the voyage wastoo dangerous and difficult for all of us to（对我们所有人来说太危险和困难了而不能） make it in our small boats.（too...to...）
2. After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper,...no matter what challenges might lie ahead（不管前方可能有什么挑战）.（no matter what引导让步状语从句）
3. He has been learning how to paint（如何画）for over five years.（疑问词+动词不定式）
4. What if（假使……将会怎么样）they were delayed （what if）
5. If it weren’t for sea animals（如果没有海洋动物的话）, we would all starve.（if引导的虚拟条件从句）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
When seeing the 1.advertisement（advertise） in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow applied to join the Antarctic expedition 2.led（lead） by Sir Ernest Shackleton. However, he was turned 3.downbecause he was too young and wasn’t 4.qualified （qualify）. Finally, he hid in a small cupboard and managed to 5.get aboard（登上） the Endurance. 6.Unfortunately （fortunate）, he was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. Shackleton had no choice but to assign him 7.to be （be） a steward to cook for the crew. Their journey did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became stuck in the ice and was crushed. Before the Endurance 8.sank（sink） into the sea, Shackleton ordered them 9.to abandon（abandon） the ship and most of their personal 10.belongings（belong） except their most essential supplies. They had to camp on the ice and managed to survive. After they sailed to Elephant Island, Shackleton selected a boat party and set off for South Georgia Island to await help.
一、词汇训练
熟词生义
1. She sank back into her seat, exhausted. 坐下
2. The ground was soon blanketed with snow. 以厚层覆盖
3. The man was extremely annoyed. He barked questions at her. 厉声质问
4. She damped a towel and wrapped it round his leg. 弄湿
5. I don’t like the idea of my son going round with those rough boys. 粗野的
词性变换
1. Lucy wants to study medicine but needs more qualifications（qualify）.
2. The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm（enthusiastic）.
3. For each assignment（assign）, I was to write the best essay I could.
4. Please make sure you have all your belongings（belong）with you when leaving the plane.
5. She made a resolution （resolve）to visit her relatives more often.
6. Cruelty （cruel）to animals really makes me see red.
7. The advertisements（advertise）are intended to improve the company’s image.
8. She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment （commit） to Steve at the moment.
短语串烧
Kate likes adventures and 1.is experienced in（在……方面有经验） them. She wanted to join an expedition club which 2.consists of（由……组成）15 people, but 3.to her surprise（令她惊奇的是）, she was 4.turned down（拒绝）. Having made several attempts, she was finally accepted. They 5.set off（出发） for a new adventure in Africa on the first day of June. During the day, they walked across the land and followed the tracks of wildlife such as elephants, lions and giraffes. When they got lost, they found a native to work as a guide. At night they had to 6.make fire（生火）at the edge of the forest to 7.give off（放出）light to scare away wild animals. When they faced difficulties, they encouraged each other to keep themselves up, and finally they finished their trip to Africa.
二、话题重现
A video of Xiong Linghao, an 18-year-old blind girl playing Beethoven’s Pathetique Sonata in an international youth piano 1.competition（compete） in Shanghai, went popular online. Xiong, a visually 2.disabled （disable） young girl who started learning piano at the age of 6, said her idol was Beethoven, who went 3.completely （complete） deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the outside world 4.through music.
Xiong treats the piano as her best friend. She has composed several songs, including one 5.called（call） the “Little Dog in Dream”， where she imagined her life with the company of a guide. 6.Bringing（bring） so much pleasure into her life, the piano empowers her with perseverance 7.and accompanies her throughout her ups and downs in its own way. She hopes to 8.be admitted （admit） to a university in Beijing and major in music performance or music production. If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes 9.what the piano looks like. She would also like to see how she looks, cook a big meal for her parents and take a walk in the places she 10.has been（be） to hundreds of times.
三、写作提能
全红婵以顽强拼搏的精神艰苦训练，取得了巨大的成功。她在东京奥运会上获得两枚金牌，成为举世瞩目的焦点。请以此为例，根据以下提示，谈谈你对拼搏精神的看法。内容包括：
1.拼搏精神的意义：激励我们直面困难；鼓励我们实现人生目标，走向成功……
2.拼搏精神的培养：相信自己；从失败中学习, 遇到挫折不气馁……
Quan Hongchan, who had been training hard and 1.overcoming all kinds of difficulties（克服了各种各样的困难）, won two gold medals at the Tokyo Olympic Games. 2.It was her great resolve and perseverance that led to her success（正是她的决心和毅力促使了她的成功）.
As far as I am concerned, determination is very important in our lives. It not only encourages us to move forward, but also 3.enables us to face adversities bravely （使我们勇敢面对困境）. Thus we can 4.persevere in achieving our goals（坚持实现我们的目标） and succeed. It is not easy to cultivate determination. Above all, we must hold a strong belief that everyone 5.has the potential to achieve success （有获得成功的潜能）. We shouldn’t 6.be discouraged （灰心）when faced with barriers.
Actually, failure can teach us a lot. What’s more, there are quite a few people with this spirit around us. We can learn a lot from them.
UNIT5 POEMS
1 分层单词
写作词汇
1. drama n.戏；剧；戏剧艺术 2. folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的
3. recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举 4. mood n.情绪；心情；语气
5. delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的 6. blank adj.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的;没表情的n.空白；空格
7. sow vt.& vi.播种；种 8. seed n.种子；起源；萌芽 9. deadline n.最后期限；截止日期
10. contest n.比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt.争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩
11. polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n.上光剂；抛光；擦亮 12. prejudice n.偏见；成见 vt.使怀有（或形成）偏见
阅读词汇
1. dawn n.黎明；开端；萌芽
2. amateur n.业余爱好者adj.业余的；业余爱好的
3. tease vi.& vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄
4. blossom n.花朵；花簇
5. await vt.等候；期待；将发生在
6. utter vt.出声；说；讲adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的
7. version n.版本；（从不同角度的）说法
8. dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的
9. barren adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的
拓展词汇
1. sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
2. literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n.文学
3. respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为→respective adj.分别的；各自的
4. comprehension n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习→comprehensive adj.综合性的；全部的；详尽的
5. sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n.同情；赞同→sympathize vi.同情；赞同
6. innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪→innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的
7. correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系→correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信
8. complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的→complicate vt.使复杂化→complication n.并发症；使复杂化的情况
2 高频短语
1. to the point简单明了
2. make sense讲得通；有意义
3. be made up of由……组成（构成）
4. be popular with受……欢迎
5. in particular特别；尤其
6. fall in love with爱上
7. carry out执行；完成
8. come across遇到
9. be familiar with熟悉
10. look forward to盼望
3 经典句型
1. There are various reasons why people compose poetry（人们为什么写诗）.（why引导定语从句）
2. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite（容易学和背诵）.（“be＋adj.＋to do”结构）
3. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from（从中选择）, you may eventually want to write poems of your own.（with复合结构）
4. The reason is that（原因是）they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.（that引导表语从句）
5. It was because（这是因为）Barrett’s father was a dominant and selfish man.（It/This is/was because...）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
People compose poetry for 1.various（vary）reasons. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image while others convey certain feelings such as joy and 2.sorrow（sorrowful）. Meanwhile, poets write many different forms of poetry 3.delicately（delicate）to express themselves. A few simpler forms are as follows:
Nursery rhymes a young child learns in English are usually the traditional poems or folk songs, whose language is 4.to the point but has a storyline. They are easy 5.to recite（recite）. One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, containing a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. Another simple form of poem that 6.amateurs（amateur） can write is the cinquain 7.made（make） up of five lines, with which you can convey a strong picture or a certain 8.mood（情绪） in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry 9.consisting（consist） of 17 syllables, which has a format of three lines. English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. With so many different forms of poetry 10.to choose（choose） from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own.
一、词汇训练
熟词生义1. Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.人们
2. Throughout Europe a new railway age, that of the high-speed train, has dawned.出现；开始形成
3. Men mowed the wide lawns and seeded them.播种
4. We need to focus on our core activities.最重要的
5. A wide smile emerged from his blank expression.无表情的
词性变换
1. She has published more than 20 books including novels, poetry and literary （literature） criticism.
2. In fact, it is often used as a way of improving comprehension（comprehend）.
3. She met people in Beijing who were sympathetic（sympathy） to the campaign.
4. In this country, you are innocent（innocence） until proved guilty.
5. Our correspondence （correspond）is limited to a few commercial letters.
6. The firm has achieved a dominant（dominate）position in the world market.
7. The situation was more complicated（complicate） than they had at first realized.
8. The city had faced racial（race）crisis and come through it.
短语串烧
When I 1.came across（偶然发现） the Chinese classic A Dream of Red Mansions, which 2.is made up of（由……组成） 120 chapters, I 3.fell in love with（爱上）its plot and characters. The author created a wide variety of vivid characters, which 4.were popular with（受欢迎） readers. Readers 5.were familiar with（熟悉） them, several classical characters 6.in particular（尤其）.
Some versions had reviews, so when I had difficulty in understanding some sentences, I would refer to the reviews, which were brief and 7.to the point（简洁中肯）. In this way, I 8.made sense of（弄懂） them, and 9.carried out（完成）the whole book. The book was so attractive that I read it again and again. I was 10.looking forward to（期待）others’ different reviews of this book.
二、话题重现
Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet,a 58-minute documentary released recently on BBC, introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time 1.in the form of documentaries. In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited a number of Chinese 2.cities（city） to retrace Du’s steps. The documentary invited well-known British actor Ian McKellen, 3.who played Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings movies, 4.to read （read）15 of Du’s poems that have been translated into English.
Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China’s brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life 5.was destroyed（destroy） by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755. Of 6.the many poems he wrote, 500 have been preserved over the ages. For generations he 7.has been（be） the guardian of the moral conscience of the nation.
The documentary compared Du to Shakespeare to help audiences 8.better（well） understand the poet’s great achievements in literature. It also highlighted Chinese poetry, noting that its 3,000-year-old history makes 9.it the oldest living tradition of poetry in the world.
During an interview, the director even quoted a line from Du 10.to encourage（encourage）the people suffering under the COVID-19 pandemic.
三、写作提能
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Wendy非常喜欢中国文化，给你写信想了解唐诗。请你根据下列要点提示给她写一封回信，对唐诗加以介绍：
1.形式多样：有古体诗和近体诗，就字数来看基本上有五言和七言两种； 2.题材广泛：反映社会状况、描绘风景等； 3.著名诗人：……
Dear Wendy,
I’m so glad to receive your letter. And it is really a coincidence that you asked me about Tang poems, and I have just learned something about them.
Tang poems are various 1.in formats and subjects（在格式和主题上）. Generally speaking, they 2.are made up of（由……组成） two groups—classical poems and modern poems. Not only the length of a line but also the length of a poem 3.is limited to （限制在） a certain number of words. There are often four, eight or twelve lines with five or seven words in each line. Poets wrote poems 4.for different purposes （因为不同的目的）, for example, exposing the darkness of society or 5.describing the beautiful scenes or their moods （描述美丽的风景或者他们的情绪）.
There were many famous poets during the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. If you want to read more, the book Three Hundred Tang Poems is a good choice, which includes poems of many well-known poets and 6.is suitable to recite （适合诵读）. After reading them, you will 7.have a better understanding of （更好地理解） Tang poems.
Yours sincerely,
Li HuaUNIT4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
词句默写
1 分层单词 写作词汇
1. wage n.工资
2. bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3. aboard adv.& prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
4. envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
5. sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
6. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
7. decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
8. genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
9. thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
10. furniture n.家具
11. bark vi.& n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声
12. damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
13. recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏
14. motive n.动机；原因；目的
阅读词汇
1. adversity n.困境；逆境 2. expedition n.探险；远征；探险队
3. vigour n.精力；力量；活力
4. cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5. crush vt.毁坏，压坏，压碎 n.拥挤的人群
6. blanket n.毯子 7. voyage n.& vi.航海；航行
8. crew n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
9. episode n.（人生的）一段经历;（小说的）片段；插曲
10. candidate n.候选人；应试者
拓展词汇
1. qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）→qualification n.资格；限制条件；资格取得→qualify vi.& vt.取得资格;使具备资格；有权
2. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地→enthusiasm n.热心；热忱,热情
3. assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n.（分派的）工作，任务
4. selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的→selfishness n.自私→selflessness n.无私
5. resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念→resolution n.决议；解决；坚定
6. cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残酷地；非常→cruelty n.残酷；残忍
7. unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→unfortunate adj.不幸的；令人遗憾的→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n.运气；巨款；命运
8. guidance n.指导；引导；导航→guide vt.给某人领路（或导游）；指引 n.向导；指南
9. advertising n.广告活动,广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告
mitment n.承诺；保证；奉献→commit v.犯（罪或错等）；保证；承诺→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
2 高频短语
1. turn sb. down拒绝（某人）
2. be enthusiastic about热衷于
3. set off出发
4. keep one’s spirits up振作精神
5. from bad to worse每况愈下
6. make it成功
7. cheer sb. up使某人振作起来
8. make fire生火
9. give off放出（热、光、气味或气体）
10. deal with处理；对付
3 经典句型
1. ... the voyage wastoo dangerous and difficult for all of us to（对我们所有人来说太危险和困难了而不能） make it in our small boats.（too...to...）
2. After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper,...no matter what challenges might lie ahead（不管前方可能有什么挑战）.（no matter what引导让步状语从句）
3. He has been learning how to paint（如何画）for over five years.（疑问词+动词不定式）
4. What if（假使……将会怎么样）they were delayed （what if）
5. If it weren’t for sea animals（如果没有海洋动物的话）, we would all starve.（if引导的虚拟条件从句）
课前自测·必备知识串联阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
When seeing the 1.advertisement（advertise） in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow applied to join the Antarctic expedition 2.led（lead） by Sir Ernest Shackleton. However, he was turned 3.downbecause he was too young and wasn’t 4.qualified （qualify）. Finally, he hid in a small cupboard and managed to 5.get aboard（登上） the Endurance. 6.Unfortunately （fortunate）, he was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. Shackleton had no choice but to assign him 7.to be （be） a steward to cook for the crew. Their journey did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became stuck in the ice and was crushed. Before the Endurance 8.sank（sink） into the sea, Shackleton ordered them 9.to abandon（abandon） the ship and most of their personal 10.belongings（belong） except their most essential supplies. They had to camp on the ice and managed to survive. After they sailed to Elephant Island, Shackleton selected a boat party and set off for South Georgia Island to await help.
一、词汇训练 熟词生义
1. She sank back into her seat, exhausted. 坐下
2. The ground was soon blanketed with snow. 以厚层覆盖
3. The man was extremely annoyed. He barked questions at her. 厉声质问
4. She damped a towel and wrapped it round his leg. 弄湿
5. I don’t like the idea of my son going round with those rough boys. 粗野的
词性变换
1. Lucy wants to study medicine but needs more qualifications（qualify）.
2. The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm（enthusiastic）.
3. For each assignment（assign）, I was to write the best essay I could.
4. Please make sure you have all your belongings（belong）with you when leaving the plane.
5. She made a resolution （resolve）to visit her relatives more often.
6. Cruelty （cruel）to animals really makes me see red.
7. The advertisements（advertise）are intended to improve the company’s image.
8. She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment （commit） to Steve at the moment.
短语串烧
Kate likes adventures and 1.is experienced in（在……方面有经验） them. She wanted to join an expedition club which 2.consists of（由……组成）15 people, but 3.to her surprise（令她惊奇的是）, she was 4.turned down（拒绝）. Having made several attempts, she was finally accepted. They 5.set off（出发） for a new adventure in Africa on the first day of June. During the day, they walked across the land and followed the tracks of wildlife such as elephants, lions and giraffes. When they got lost, they found a native to work as a guide. At night they had to 6.make fire（生火）at the edge of the forest to 7.give off（放出）light to scare away wild animals. When they faced difficulties, they encouraged each other to keep themselves up, and finally they finished their trip to Africa.
二、话题重现
A video of Xiong Linghao, an 18-year-old blind girl playing Beethoven’s Pathetique Sonata in an international youth piano 1.competition（compete） in Shanghai, went popular online. Xiong, a visually 2.disabled （disable） young girl who started learning piano at the age of 6, said her idol was Beethoven, who went 3.completely （complete） deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the outside world 4.through music.
Xiong treats the piano as her best friend. She has composed several songs, including one 5.called（call） the “Little Dog in Dream”， where she imagined her life with the company of a guide. 6.Bringing（bring） so much pleasure into her life, the piano empowers her with perseverance 7.and accompanies her throughout her ups and downs in its own way. She hopes to 8.be admitted （admit） to a university in Beijing and major in music performance or music production. If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes 9.what the piano looks like. She would also like to see how she looks, cook a big meal for her parents and take a walk in the places she 10.has been（be） to hundreds of times.
三、写作提能
全红婵以顽强拼搏的精神艰苦训练，取得了巨大的成功。她在东京奥运会上获得两枚金牌，成为举世瞩目的焦点。请以此为例，根据以下提示，谈谈你对拼搏精神的看法。内容包括：
1.拼搏精神的意义：激励我们直面困难；鼓励我们实现人生目标，走向成功……
2.拼搏精神的培养：相信自己；从失败中学习, 遇到挫折不气馁……
Quan Hongchan, who had been training hard and 1.overcoming all kinds of difficulties（克服了各种各样的困难）, won two gold medals at the Tokyo Olympic Games. 2.It was her great resolve and perseverance that led to her success（正是她的决心和毅力促使了她的成功）.
As far as I am concerned, determination is very important in our lives. It not only encourages us to move forward, but also 3.enables us to face adversities bravely （使我们勇敢面对困境）. Thus we can 4.persevere in achieving our goals（坚持实现我们的目标） and succeed. It is not easy to cultivate determination. Above all, we must hold a strong belief that everyone 5.has the potential to achieve success （有获得成功的潜能）. We shouldn’t 6.be discouraged （灰心）when faced with barriers.
Actually, failure can teach us a lot. What’s more, there are quite a few people with this spirit around us. We can learn a lot from them.选择性必修第三册
UNIT1 ART
词句默写
1 分层单词 写作词汇
1. reputation n.名誉；名声
2. rank n.地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
3. purchase vt.购买；采购 n.购买；购买的东西
4. permanent adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的
5. decline n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落 vi.& vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝
6. expansion n.扩张；扩展；扩大
7. guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生 n.保证；保修单；担保物
8. worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的
阅读词汇
1. primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）
2. humanistic adj.人文主义的
3. photography n.照相术；摄影
4. humble adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的
5. symphony n.交响乐；交响曲
6. artistic adj.艺术的；艺术家的
7. civil adj.国民的；民用的；民事的
8. contemporary adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的 n.同代人；同辈人
拓展词汇
1. precise adj.准确的；精确的→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此→precision n.精确
2. realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→realism n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风→realist n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者
3. influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的→influentially adv.有影响力地；有力地→influence vt.影响 n.影响；有影响的人
4. emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露→emergent adj.新兴的；处于发展初期的→emergence n.兴起
5. subjective adj.主观的→subjectively adv.主观地；臆想地→subject n.主题；科目vt.使顺从
6. subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的→subsequence n.随后；接着
7. visual adj.视觉的；视力的→visually adv.视觉上地,外表上地→vision n.视力；想象
8. investment n.投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入→invest vt.& vi.投资
9. memorial n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品 adj.纪念的;悼念的→memory n.记忆,记忆力→memorize vt.记住；记忆
10. criticize vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价→critical adj.批评的；关键的；可能有危险的→criticism n.批评；指责；评论
11. representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n.代表→represent v.代表
12. exhibition n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演→exhibit v.展览,展出
13. entry n.加入；进入；参与→enter v.进入；报名参加
14. recognition n.承认；认出；赞誉→recognize v.认出；承认；识别；赞赏
2 高频短语
1. in particular尤其；特别
2. set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
3. be fond of喜爱；喜欢
4. bring... to life赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来
5. be worthy of值得
3 经典句型
1. It is hard to give（难以给）a precise definition. （It is+adj.+动词不定式）
2. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were oftenmade much larger（使大得多） than everyone else to show their importance.（make的复合结构）
3. While his paintings still had religious themes（虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题） , they showed real people in a real environment.（while引导让步状语从句）
4. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from（被认为来自）the collection of Emperor Qianlong（1711—1799）, a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.（be thought to have done）
5. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century（直到七世纪才真正开始扩张）.（not...until...）
课前自测·必备知识串联阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或给出括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps the best way to 1.precisely（precise） understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting 2.realistic（realist） scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone. 3.Particularly（particular）, his paintings are set apart 4.fromother paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
Next came the Renaissance，5.when new ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life using perspective and oil paints. There were many 6.influential （influence） painters then. Rembrandt gained 7.a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
After the invention of photography, paintings were no longer needed 8.to preserve（preserve） what people and the world looked like. As a result, Impressionism 9.emerged（emerge） in France.
After Impressionism, subsequent artists tried to analyse the shapes 10.which existed in the natural world but in a new way，with Cubism.
一、词汇训练 熟词生义
1. The train conveys over three hundred passengers every day.运送
2. [天津]We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking.拒绝
3. [2020新高考Ⅰ]Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.参赛作品
4. People all over the country think Yuan Longping to be a worthy scientist.值得尊敬的
词性变换
1. [2020新高考Ⅰ]The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential（influence）when we’re making decisions.
2. This smart keyboard precisely（precise） measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
3. Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent（subsequence） report.
4. Raynor Winn and her husband became homeless due to their wrong investment （invest）.
5. Hainan’s duty-free shopping policy has permanently （permanent）come into force.
6. She found herself on the receiving end of a great deal of criticism（criticise）.
7. The exhibition （exhibit） will last for two weeks, and every student is welcome to visit.
8. He received the award in recognition （recognize） of his success over the past year.
9. A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion（expand）.
短语串烧
High school time 1.is recognized as （被认为是） a golden time in one’s life, which I 2.am impressed by（对……有印象）. On campus, my school friends and I 3.concentrate on （全神贯注于）studies and study hard together. I 4.am fond of （喜爱） music, classical music 5.in particular （尤其）. I often take music classes after school, and the teacher 6.brings music to life （使……鲜活起来）, which 7.is worthy of （值得）being learned. I want to 8.set myself apart from （突出自己）others in music, and dream of being a musician. As a result, I must study hard to make this dream come true.
二、话题重现
[2020课标全国Ⅲ]
In ancient China lived an artist 1.whose paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait （画像） done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2.finest（fine） work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3.be chosen（choose）, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4.curiosity（curious）, the artist packed his bags and left. 5.When/Ashe asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary （传奇的） artist, they smiled and 6.pointed（point） down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7.to find（find） the well-known painter. As the small boat moved 8.gently（gentle） along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9.surrounding（surround） the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled（谦卑） by the greatest artist 10.on earth, Mother Nature.
三、写作提能
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Alice对中国传统艺术感兴趣，写信请你向她介绍中国传统艺术。请依据下列要点，给她写封回信。
要点：1.介绍中国传统艺术——年画；2.欢迎Alice来中国体验中国年画的创作。
Dear Alice,
How is everything going I’m so happy to know that you are interested in traditional Chinese art from your letter. In my opinion, 1.learning Chinese New Year paintings（学习中国年画） is the best choice. As is known to us all, Chinese people would like to 2.put up New Year paintings to celebrate（张贴年画来庆祝）the Spring Festival. Chinese New Year paintings 3.cover various subjects（涉及不同的话题）, like historical stories, harvests, flowers and birds. 4.As you are good at painting（因为你擅长绘画）, I believe you can learn the art well quickly. By learning it, you can know more about Chinese culture, and 5.improve your drawing skills（提高你的绘画技能）.
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon in China.UNIT3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
词句1 分层单词 写作词汇
1. ecology n.生态；生态学
2. release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
3. broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n.广播节目；电视节目
4. policy n.政策；方针；原则
5. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
6. reform vi.& vt.改革；（使）改正；改造 n.改革；变革；改良
7. smog n.烟雾（烟与雾混合的空气污染物）
8. dozen n.（一）打；十二个
9. fine vt.对……处以罚款
10. campaign n.运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
阅读词汇
1. emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放
2. carbon n.碳
3. fossil n.化石
4. fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行
5. trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
6. footprint n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积
7. moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
8. tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
9. jungle n.（热带）丛林；密林
10. garbage n.垃圾；废物
拓展词汇
1. starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死→starvation n.饿死→starving adj.极饿的
2. sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3. comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehensively adv.完全地；彻底地→comprehension n.理解；理解力
4. frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的→frequency n.频率；频繁
5. restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
6. harmonious adj.和谐的→harmoniously adv.和谐地；调和地→harmony n.协调；和睦；融洽
7. submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n.投降；提交；归顺
8. annual adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→annually adv.每年；一年一次
9. sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensen.感觉；理解力→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→senseless adj.无意义的；无目的的
10. restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复→restoration n.恢复；复位
11. conservation n.对（环境、文物等）保护；保持→conserve vt.保护；保存
12. inspection n.检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；查看；审视
13. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerance n.容忍；忍耐力→tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的
2 高频短语
1. have an impact on对……有影响；对……造成冲击
2. refer to参考；涉及；指的是
3. be trapped in陷入
4. result in导致
5. take responsibility for对……负责
6. on behalf of sb.代表（代替）某人
7. contribute to有助于；捐献；促成
8. dozens of许多；几十 9. in effect实际上；生效 10. make use of利用
3 经典句型
1. There is little doubt that（几乎没有疑问）Earth is getting warmer and warmer（see the graph）.（there is little doubt that...）
2. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable（保持地球气候温暖并且适宜居住）.（现在分词作状语）
3. Without this process（没有这个过程）, Earth could not sustain life.（without含蓄虚拟语气）
4. ...not only（不但） causing serious damage, but also（而且） costing human lives.（not only... but also...连接并列成分）
5. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river（随着更多的家庭和商业垃圾最终汇入河流）.（with的复合结构）
课前自测·必备知识串联阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词、给出括号内单词的正确形式或根据汉语提示完成句子。
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1.on Earth’s ecology. Due to the increase in temperature, a polar bear seemed 2.to have starved（starve）to death for lack of food in 2013. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface. The heat 3.is released （release） back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and 4.habitable（habitation）. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. It has influenced the 5.sustainable（sustain）development greatly. Comprehensive evidence shows that the rise in temperature has 6.led to（导致） an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. News reports are 7.frequently（frequent） broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves. Governments should make 8.policies （policy）and take appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 9.Restrictions（restrict） on carbon dioxide should be made, and we should seize every opportunity 10.to raise（raise）awareness of global warming, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
一、词汇训练 熟词生义
1. People starved of sleep may find it difficult to focus their minds on what they are doing.缺乏……的
2. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas.加速
3. The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner. 归还
4. I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me.（情绪）侵袭，突然控
词性变换
1. [2021新高考Ⅰ]Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually（annual） purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.
2. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation （starve）.
3. Thesustainable （sustain） success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.
4. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently （frequent）.
5. The company is pleased that the import restrictions（restrict）have been lifted.
6. It is a harmonious（harmony）community where pupils are happy and industrious（勤奋的）.
7. People are paying more and more attention to the conservation（conserve） of wildlife.
8. A room inspection （inspect）will take place and you will be responsible for payment for any damage or missing items.
短语串烧
Over the last few decades, economic globalization has contributed greatly to global economic growth, which 1.has a great impact on（对……产生巨大的影响）people’s life. However, when 2.referring to （提到） economic development, some people think it will 3.result in（导致） 4.dozens of （许多） problems. For example, chemical waste produced by factories goes into the atmosphere and makes people sick. In this case, people 5.are trapped in （陷入）panic. So, people should 6.take responsibility for （对……负责） protecting the environment. Meanwhile, the government must make laws 7.in effect （生效）to stop people from destroying the environment. As president of the student union, I decide to make use of my spare time to do what I can to protect the environment 8.on behalf of（代表） our schoolmates.
二、话题重现
Wild Chinese sturgeon （鲟） are thought to have lived at the same time as dinosaurs and among the first class of protected animals in China. Last week, a wild Chinese sturgeon, which is believed to be the 1.largest （large） ever found in the past two decades, arrived in Beijing for better treatment. The species is one of the 2.critically（critical） endangered fish species in China and can be found only in the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.
The Chinese sturgeon “Houfu”,3.which literally means “good fortune for ever after”, arrived at the Beijing Aquarium on Monday after 22 hours of transport 4.fromHubei Province.
When the fish 5.was found（find） by a fisherman in the Yangtze River Basin, it had been suffering from multiple 6.injuries（injury）. It was sent to the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute for treatment immediately. As it was so weak, local caretakers had difficulty 7.feeding（feed） it. The Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute decided to move it to Beijing to receive further treatment.
Nicknamed “Aquatic giant pandas” and 8.listed（list） as a wild creature under state protection, the species has been struggling due to water projects, busy waterway traffic 9.andpollution in recent years. The number of Chinese sturgeon living in the wild 10.has fallen（fall） sharply to about 50 now from about 1,000 in 1982, according to researchers’ estimates.
三、写作提能
假定你是李华，请你给校英语报写一封倡议信，号召全校同学积极响应学校正在开展的垃圾分类活动，内容包括：1.垃圾分类的意义； 2.你的建议。
Dear fellow students,
As you may have noticed, the program of waste classification in our school has kicked off. 1.On behalf of our school （代表我们学校）, I am writing to call on you, members of the school, to take immediate actions.
Every day, we 2.produce plenty of garbage（产生大量的垃圾）, ranging from plastic bottles to paper, which not only leads to environmental pollution, but is also a waste of resources. Therefore, it is urgent for us to 3.take an active part in（积极参加） the waste classification program. First, we can collect what can be recycled to 4.save resources （节约资源）. Second, harmful materials should be sorted and treated properly to avoid pollution. Most importantly, we need to 5.develop the habit of （养成……的习惯）classifying waste to build a harmonious and beautiful environment.
Let’s do it!
