高考英语专题复习 专题五 特殊句式(讲义)-2026届高三英语复习专项

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名称 高考英语专题复习 专题五 特殊句式(讲义)-2026届高三英语复习专项
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高考英语专题复习
专题五 特殊句式
目 录
一、倒装句 3
1.全部倒装 3
2.部分倒装 3
二、强调句 5
1.概念 5
2.强调句的基本形式 5
3.强调句的特殊疑问句形式 6
4.not..until句式的强调结构 6
5.强调句与定语从句的区分 7
三、省略句 8
1.简单句的省略 8
●省略主语 8
●省略表语 9
2.并列句中的省略 10
3.主从复合句中的省略 10
4.其它省略 11
●连词that的省略 11
●不定式符号to的省略 11
●状语从句的省略 12
●主句与从句各有一些成分省略 14
四、感叹句 14
1.what式感叹句 14
2.how式感叹句 15
3.其他形式 15
一、倒装句
1.全部倒装
谓语动词全部放在主语之前的句子,便是全部倒装句。这种句型主要有以下几种情况:
类型 具体用法 例句
完全 倒装 here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away,then等副词开头的句子表示强调 Out rushed the children.
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首 Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡 Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.
主语是代词时,不需要完全倒装。如:In she came.
2.部分倒装
只把谓语一部分(多把助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装。在部分倒装里,如果谓语部分没有助动词,则需要找助动词帮助它构成倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种类型:
类型 具体用法 例句
部分倒装 never,hardly,seldom等表示否定意义副词放于句首 Hardly did I know what had happened.
only和修饰的状语放于句首 Only then did he realize the importance of English.
not only...but also连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒 Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.
neither..nor..并列前后都倒装 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
so.….that,such..that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.
as引导的让步状语 Child as he is,he has learned a lot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事. He can play the piano.So can I.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中省略if的虚拟条件 May you be in good health!
二、强调句
概念及基本形式特殊疑问句形式
not…until强调句与定从区别
1.概念
强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。
强调句型的基本结构是“It+be+被强调成分+that(who)...”。如:
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
他昨天在这书店买了本书。
→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday.(强调主语he)昨天正是他在这间书店买了这本书。
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday.(强调宾语the book)这是他昨天在这家书店买的书。
→It was in this shop that he bought it yesterday.(强调状语in this shop)他昨天就是在这间店里买的。
2.强调句的基本形式
主要涉及被强调成分为介词短语的情形。如:
It's in the park that Jack met your sister yesterday.
昨天杰克在公园里遇见了你妹妹。
It is on political questions that their views are different.
在政治问题上,他们的观点不同。
3.强调句的特殊疑问句形式
强调句型若以特殊疑问句形式出现,则很容易误解。比较:
Jim told us the news.(非强调句)
吉姆告诉我们这个消息。
→It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)
是吉姆告诉我们的。
→Was it Jim that told us the news (强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
是吉姆告诉我们的消息吗?
→Who was it that told us the news (强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
是谁告诉我们的消息?
注意:特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句被强调成分提问得来,如对It was yesterday that he arrived.这一句中的yesterday提问,即得到When was it that he arrived
4.not..until句式的强调结构
其基本形式为It is(was)not until..that...比较:
He didn't come until his wife left.
他妻子走了之后他才来。
→It was not until his wife left that he came.
他妻子走了之后他才来。
They didn't start until the rain stopped.
直到雨停他们才出发。
→It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
直到雨停他们才出发。
注意:这类句型不用倒装语序,但若改成Not until.…,则要用倒装。
如:
Not until his wife left did he come.
他妻子走了之后他才来。
Not until the rain stopped did they start.
直到雨停他们才出发。
5.强调句与定语从句的区分
一般来说,如果将it is/was.…与连接词去掉,句子仍然正确,就为强调句型。这时,就选用that连接词;否则,就为定语从句,其关系词的选择,应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。
●It is on the island that they spent 10 years.
他们在岛上度过了10年。
该句为强调句。表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用,说明它是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉:They spent 10 years on the island.它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式(注:强调地点状语时,不可用where连接)。
●It is the island where(on which)they spent 10 years.
这是他们在那度过了10年的岛屿。
该句为定语从句。表示地点的名词the island前没有介词与其连用,说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉:They spent 10 years the island.它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词where或on which构成定语从句结构。
三、省略句
简单句中的省略并列句中的省略复合句中的省略其他句式中的省略
1.简单句的省略
●省略主语
祈使句中主语通常省略,其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
(I)thank you for your help.(括号内为省略的词语,下同)
(I)see you tomorrow.
(It)doesn't matter.
省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分(There is)No smoking.
(Is there)anything wrong
Why(do you)not say hello to him 省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to.
----Are you going there
----I'd like to(go there).
He did not give me the chance,though he had promised to(give me the chance).
注意:如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态,则须在to之后加上be或have.
----Are you an engineer
----No,but I want to be.
He hasn't finished the task yet.
----Well,he ought to have.
●省略表语
----Are you thirsty
----Yes,I am(thirsty).
同时省略几个成分
Let’s meet at the same place as(we met)yesterday.
----Have you finished your work
----(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.
2.并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中,后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分,常可省略,以避免重复。
My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.
我父亲是医生,我母亲是护士。
I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.
我在大学读书,我姐姐在高中读书。
3.主从复合句中的省略
●主句中有一些成分被省略.
(I'm)Sorry to hear that you are ill.
(It is a)Pity that he missed such a good chance.
●省略了一个从句或从句的一部分,用so或not(切不可用it或that)代替.
----Is he coming back tonight
----I think so.
----Is he feeling better today
----I'm afraid not.
注意:这种用法常见的有:How so Why so Is that so I hope so.He said so及I suppose not.I believed not.I hope not等. (但I don't think so比I think not更常用).
4.其它省略
●连词that的省略
(1)宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略的情况,如果是由that引导的好几个宾语从句,第一个可省,其余的都不可以。
He said(that)he wanted the book and that he would buy it and that.
他说他想要这本书,他会买这本书。
(2)在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略.
The first thing(that)I am going to do is to take a long vacation.
我要做的第一件事就是去休长假。
●不定式符号to的省略
(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的to.
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
我叫他坐下来等一会儿。
(2)某些使役动词(如let,m ake,h ave)及感官动词(s ee,watch,notice,hear,feel,look at和listen to等)后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须把to复原.
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
我看见那个男孩从树上掉了下来。
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
有人看见那个男孩从树上掉了下来。
(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to.
The boy did nothing but play.
那男孩除了玩什么也不做。
●状语从句的省略
(1)在表示时间、条件、地点、比较、方式或让步的状语从句中,如谓语动词是be,且从句的主语是it或主从句的主语一致,常省略主语和部分谓语,即省去“主语+be”部分。如:
Unless(he is)asked to answer questions,he keeps silent all the time.
除非被要求回答问题,否则他一直保持沉默。
While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.
当我沿着街道走的时候,我听到有人叫我名字。
Unless(it is)necessary,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
除非确实必要,否则最好不要查字典。
(2)if any,if ever,if not,if never
这些都是条件状语从句的省略,想要找到它们之间的区别,有两种方式。
※If any=if there is any+名词意思是“如果有……”如:
Please correct the mistakes in the following sentences,if any.
如有错误请改正。
※if ever=if sb.has/have ever done sth.
I remembered I've been here no more than once,if ever.
我记得我在这里最多只来过一次,如果有的话。
※if never的意思可以是“如果从未”或“如果永不.……"”
※if not意为:不然的话,否则;与or else,otherwise词意相近。
She would not have escaped the danger,if not for my help.
要不是我的帮助,她是逃不过危险的。
●虚拟语气中if省略
在条件状语从句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首。
If I were at school again,I would study harder.
—Were I at school again,I would study harder.
如果我再回到学校,我会更加努力地学习。
If you had come early,you would have caught the bus.
—Had you come early,you would have caught the bus.
如果你早来,你就能赶上公共汽车。
●主句与从句各有一些成分省略
The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).
越早(你去做),越好(它会更好的)。
四、感叹句
what式感叹句how式感叹句其他感叹句
感叹句常表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪。
1.what式感叹句
●What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What a wonderful time we had yesterday!
昨天我们度过了多么美好的时光啊!
●What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What beautiful flowers they are!
它们是多么美丽的花啊!
●What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What fine weather it is!
天气真好啊!
2.how式感叹句
●How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:
How clever she is!
她真聪明!
●How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
How strange a feeling it was!
这是多么奇怪的感觉啊!
3.其他形式
●省略式感叹句
how直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语!How we love our motherland!
●省略主语和谓语.
What an interesting book!
这是一本多么有趣的书啊!
●特殊式感叹句
The design and the colors!
真棒的设计和色彩!