be动词与助动词的使用&英语中的缩写
be动词的基本用法：
(一)be动词的主要含义: ①是： be+n/adj I am a teacher./You are beautiful./He is in the zoo.
②成为：be+身份/职业 I want to be a singer.
(二)be最基本的有三种形式：am, is, are
am:只用于第一人称单数I做主语时→ I am a teacher.
is:只用于第三人称单数，如：he, she, it, Lucy, my mother:→ He is in the zoo.
are：用于第二人称单数及人称的复数做主语时 → You are beautiful.
★口诀：
我用 , 你用 , 用在他她它，单数名词用 ，复数全用 ，不可数名词用 。
例题一：
I _____ a boy. 2. The girl ______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog ______ tall and fat.
You a student. 5. They ______ on the farm. 6. It ______ an umbrella.
7. Bob and Tom _____ doctors. 8. My parents ______ very busy every day.
9. Some water ______ in the glass. 10. Your hair ______ long. 11. Ten and two ______ twelve.
缩写：
I am = I’m we are=we’re you are=[ ] he is=he’s she is=[ ] it is =[ ]
二、含有be动词的肯定句和否定句
I am from London. I am not from London.
He is a teacher. He is not a teacher. He isn't a teacher.
Her eyes are small. Her eyes are not small. Her eyes aren’t small.
She is in the dining room. __________________. __________________.
缩写： am not _____ are not _______ is not = _______
★总结：在有be动词的句子中，改否定句时只要在be动词_____加上_____。
例题三、有be动词的一般疑问句
肯定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：
I am a student. Are you a student Yes, I am. No, I am not.
They are Chinese. Are they Chinese Yes, _________. No, __________.
The cat is fat . _________________ Yes, _________. No, __________.
★总结：在有be动词的句子中，改一般疑问句时只要将be动词 _______，我变 _______.
例题四、 Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am--was is --was are--were
⑴was not=wasn’t were not=weren’t
带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
练一练：
1.I at school just now. 2. He at the camp last week.
3. We students two years ago. 4. They on the farm a short time ago.
5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year. 6.Some beef on the plate just now.
7. The phone on the sofa yesterday evening. 8. Two bowls of rice on the table a moment ago.
例题五、Be动词在一般将来时中的变化：will be表示对将来的事实或将来的预测；其否定形式为won’t be。
例句：He is eight years old now and he will be nine next year. 他现在八岁，明年将九岁啦。
It will be rainy tomorrow. 明天将会是下雨天。
练一练：
1.He there at ten tomorrow morning. 2.In three years, he a doctor.
3.I free next week. 4.I a successful man in the future.
5.It hot in summer, but it cool in autumn.
6. Today, computers large. But in the future, computers very small.
例题六、there be 句型中be动词的用法
There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）”。其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词。
一、There be句型的四大时态：
一般现在时： There is/are+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例： in front of the school . 学校前面有一辆旧自行车。
in the basket. 篮子里有许多梨。
一般过去时： There was/were+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例： in the bowl just now. 刚刚在碗里有一个鸡蛋。
behind the house two years ago. 两年前房子后面有许多树。
现在进行时： There is/are+主语+doing+地点状语（介词短语）
例： in the tree. 树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
on the playground. 操场上有两个男孩正在奔跑。
一般将来时： ①There is/are going to be+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例： a meeting tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午将有一场会议。
②There will be+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例： more schools in the future. 今后将会有更多的学校。
★特别注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“就近原则”。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：
①There a book and some pens on the floor. ②There some pens and a book on the floor.
二、There be 结构和have的区别与联系
1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系。there be 强调某地有某物或某人，这是其基本用法。
如：There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。
Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has） 来表示。
如：中国有许多长河。
①There are many long rivers in China. ②China has many long rivers.
练一练：用 There be 和have的适当形式造句
我的书包里有两瓶水。 ___________________________________.
桌上有一个橡皮擦和三本书。 ___________________________________.
天上有许多云。 ___________________________________.
明天学校将有一场足球赛。 ___________________________________.
三、There be 句型的否定形式和一般疑问句
否定句：
there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not，但要注意的是句中的some改成any.
例题：1. There are some apples in the box. 改否定： There are not any apples in the box.
2. There some milk in the glass. 改否定：______________________________________.
注意：There be否定句型中的not a/an/any与no可以互换
1. There are not any apples in the box. = There are no books in the bag.
2. There is not a baby crying in the room. = There is baby crying in the room.
一般疑问句
there be 句型的一般疑问句只需把be 动词调到句首。但要注意的是句中的some改成 .
例题： 1. There is going to be a birthday party this Sunday.
改一般疑问句： a birthday party this Sunday
2. There were some people under the tree just now.
改一般疑问句： under the tree just now
3. There are some story books on the shelf.
改一般疑问句：
本课学习小结：
1. be 动词的用法：我用 ; 你用 ; 用在他她它;单数全用 ，复数全用 ，不可数名词用 。
2.在有be动词的句子中，改否定句时只要在be动词 加上 。改一般疑问句时，将 移到句首。
3. be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am-- ; is -- ; are--
4. be动词在一般将来时中的变化：is/am/are-- 。
5.在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 ；主语是复数，be 动词用 ；如有几件物品，be 动词根据 的那个名词决定。
助动词用法
助动词定义
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。
b. 表示语态，例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life 你喜欢大学生活吗
Did you study English before you came here 你来这儿之前学过英语吗
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：___________________________________
考点一
(一) 助动词(do, does)的用法
1. 一般现在时中，
1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则，即看主语是否为单三，主语为单三则用does，非单三则用do。
2 )当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用 _________ ；当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形 __________。
例如：I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
3)当句子变一般疑问句时，同样要根据 _____________ 来决定在句首使用Do或Does.
例如：Do you want to pass the exam 你想通过测试吗？
句式 构成
肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单数形式+其他
否定句
一般疑问句
练习一 ： 用do does 填空
1 she know all the answers
Yes, she . No, she .
2 the twins often fight
Yes, do. No, don’t.
3 your dad like listening to music
Yes, does . No, doesn’t.
4 you have a new teacher
Yes, I . No, I .
(二) 助动词(did)的用法
1. 一般过去时中，则是用did+ 动词原形，否定句为didn’t + 动词原形。
2. 否定形式构成否定祈使句，例如：Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
注意： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
练习：用do, does或did填空。
(1) What your sisters do last night
(2) you ride a bike after school
(3) Where your father from
(4) they do their homework last night
(5) you go shopping with your mother yesterday
(6) My father and mother not read newspapers on Sundays.
（三） 助动词 shall / will 的用法。
在一般将来时中，will / shall 句型（表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或客观存在的状态。）
例句（1）He will go to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天去北京。(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形)
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单数形式+其他
否定句
一般疑问句
中考链接：
1.（兰州）Neither Tom nor I________ interested in playing WeChat．（ ）
A．am B．is C．are D．be
2.（镇江）—Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou？
—Of course．Not only I but also my parents ______his fans．（ ）
A．am B．are C．was D．were
3.（甘南州）The number of students 800 at my school．（ ）
A．am B．is C．are
4.（郴州）—Look!A woman with three children____________ crossing the street．
—Let's help them．（ ）
A．is B．are C．was
5.（贵阳）Hou Yi Shoots the Suns___one of the most traditional stories in China．（ ）
A．was B．is C．are第二次课练习
一、单选
( )1.There ________ a book and three pens on the desk now.
A. is B.are C. was D. were
( )2.Their mother_________ in the kitchen yesterday morning.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )3. --- Are you Linda ---Yes, ___________.
A. I’m B. I am C. I is D. I are
( )4.表示铅笔笔芯“硬黑”的字母是“______”。
A. H B. BH C. IB D. HB
( )5. “Bob” is a ______.
A. girl B. boy C. pen D. CD
( )6. 与单词sea同音的字母是 。
A. Bb B. Cc C. Dd D. Ee
( )7.The singer and dancer ______ on the stage .
A. is B. are C. am D. were
( )8.Mary's and Jim's rooms __________ clean.
A.are B. is C. was D. am
( )9.The young ________ swimming in the river at the moment.
A. is B.are C. was D. were
( )10.Mary and Mike's room __________ clean.
A. are B.is C. were D. am
( )11. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
A.are B. is C. were D. am
( )12.There ________ a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.
A.are B. is C. was D. were
( )13.There solar storms later this year.
A.will B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be
( )14.There a singing context next week.
A.will be B.will going to be C.is going to have D.will have
( )15.The next time you see Mike, he sixteen years old.
A.is B.was C.will D.will be
( )16.He very busy this week, he free next week.
A.will be;is B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be
中考链接：
17.（安顺）The number of the elderly（老人） increasing in China, and with the development of China economy, they better care of in the future．（ ）
A．is； will take B．are； are taken
C．is； will be taken D．are； will take
18.（永州）Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing．（ ）
A．am B．is C．are
19.（庆阳）Everyone except Ted and Jack studying for the final test now．（ ）
A．are B．is C．were D．was
20.（阜新）If it sunny tomorrow, we will have a picnic near the river．（ ）
A．will be B．be C．is D．was
21.（云南）If there no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature．（ ）
A．is B．will be C．has D．will have
二、用恰当的be动词填空。
1. My sister's name Nancy. 2. This not Wang Fang's pencil.
3. David and Helen from England 4. There a girl in the room.
5. There some apples on the tree. 6. there any kites in the classroom
7. there any apple juice in the bottle 8. You, he and I from China.
9. There some bread on the plate just now. 10.There a box of rubbers near the books.
11.There lots of flowers in our garden last year. 12. Mike and Liu Tao at school.
13.There four cups of coffee on the table. 14. free next Sunday
15. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 16. The man with big eyes a teacher.
17. your brother in the classroom 18.Where your mother She at home.
19. How your father 20. Whose dress this
21. Whose socks they 22. Who I
23. That my red skirt. 24. Here a scarf for you.
25. Here some sweaters for you. 26. Gao Shan's shirt over there.
27. The black gloves for Su Yang. 28. This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.
29. The two cups of milk for me. 30. Some tea in the glass.
31.In ten years,John a policeman. 32.Hurry up! Or we late.
三、句型转换
1. I am excited.
否定句：___________________________________________________________________________________.
一般疑问句：_______________________________________________________________________________
肯、否定回答：_____________________________________________________________________________.
2. They were in his pocket.
否定句：___________________________________________________________________________________.
一般疑问句：________________________________________________________________________________
肯、否定回答：______________________________________________________________________________.
There were some cars in front of the house just now.
否定句：___________________________________________________________________________________.
一般疑问句： ______________________________________________________________________________
肯、否定回答：_______________________________________________________________________________.
4. Mary goes to school on foot.
否定句：_________________________________________________________________________________.
一般疑问句： ____________________________________________________________________________
肯定回答：________________________. 否定回答：_________________________.
5. She does her homework at night.
否定句：____________________________________________________________________________________.
一般疑问句：_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Tom walked to school this morning.
否定句:__________________________________________________________________________________.
一般疑问句：_____________________________________________________________________________
肯定回答：____________________________. 否定回答：_______________________________.
7. Sally will visit her friends next week.
否定句：__________________________________________________________________________________.
一般疑问句：Will Sally visit her friends next week
肯定回答：_____________________________. 否定回答：__________________________.
四、完形填空。
A boy and a girl catch a bird and _____1_____ it in a birdcage (鸟笼）. They like it ____2______ and _____3_____ it every day. A cat sees the bird and wants _____4_____ her supper. _____5_____ the bird is in the cage. She can’t catch it. So she is very _____6_____.
One day, she opens the door of the cage _____7_____ wants to catch it. But the bird flies away. The cat _____8_____, and she has _____9_____. The two children _____10_____ and see the bird isn’t in. They are very angry and put the cat into the cage.
( )1. A. take B. put C. carry D. bring
( )2. A. well B. very C. much D. very much
( )3. A. see B. look C. have a look D. have a look at
( )4. A. have it for B. has is for C. to have it for D. to has it for
( )5. A. But B. And C. So D. Then
( )6. A. angry B. happy C. glad D. tired
( )7. A. but B. and C. so D. or
( )8. A. can to fly B. can fly C. can’t to fly D. can’t fly
( )9. A. no ways B. some ways C. any way D. not way
( )10. A. come back to home B. come back home
C. come to home D. back home
五、阅读理解。
I’m Zhao Kai. I have a good friend. His name is Ben. 1 He comes to China because(因为) his parents work in China. 2 He speaks English very well, but his Chinese isn’t good. I often help him with his Chinese and he helps me with my English. 3 He has many friends in our school. Ben often plays with his friends. 4 His favorite food is jiaozi. I often invite(邀请) him to my home for dinner. 5 . Do you want to be Ben’s friend
阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的句子填入文中，使短文完整、通顺。
A. We help each other.B. He comes from America.C. So he is very happy.D. He likes to eat Chinese food.E. Now Ben is in my class.
(B)
SDTV Station (电视台)Wang Tao, Office worker 20 Quancheng Road(路), Ji’nan Tel: 0531-7645321018853106796Email: wangtao888@
根据名片内容，选择正确答案。
( )1. Wang Tao works in .
A. SDTV Station B. Pudong No.1 Restaurant
C. Renmin Hospital D. Shuntong Taxi Company
( )2. We can call Xu Guoqing at .
A. 0531-76453210 B. 0755- 6357617 C. 021-55326788 D. 18853106796
( )3. If your friend is ill (生病的), he can call .
A. Wang Tao B. Xu Guoqing C. Xia Zhanhui D. Liu Yong
( )4. You can’t get in touch with (与……联系) by Email.
A. Wang Tao B. Xu Guoqing C. Xia Zhanhui D. Liu Yong
( )5. Liu Yong lives in . He is a .
A. Ji’nan; worker B. Shanghai; manager
C. Shenzhen; doctor D. Tianjin; driver
六、看图写话 根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子。
1. they, now 2. parents, at home 3. Lily, beautiful
there, purple 5. capital, China
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
七、根据情景提示，用恰当的短句或句子填空。
1.早上，熟人相见可以说：
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
2.下午，遇见他人可以说：
___________________________________________________________________________________________3. 晚上八点，遇见熟人说：
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
4.当Ann问你“How are you ”时，你应回答：
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
5..当你的同学Frank向你说“Hello, Bob！”时，你应回答：
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
Pudong No.1 RestaurantXu Guoqing, Manager(经理)66 Huangpu Road, ShanghaiTel: 021-5532678815823017699
Renmin HospitalXia Zhanhui, Doctor68 Guangming Road, ShenzhenTel: 0755-6357617Email: xzh6357617@
Shuntong Taxi Company(出租公司)
Liu Yong, Driver
102 Xinhua Street(街), Tianjin
Tel: 022-38902756
13872205368
Email: tjliuyong@be动词与助动词的使用&英语中的缩写
be动词的基本用法：
(一)be动词的主要含义: ①是： be+n/adj I am a teacher./You are beautiful./He is in the zoo.
②成为：be+身份/职业 I want to be a singer.
(二)be最基本的有三种形式：am, is, are
am:只用于第一人称单数I做主语时→ I am a teacher.
is:只用于第三人称单数，如：he, she, it, Lucy, my mother:→ He is in the zoo.
are：用于第二人称单数及人称的复数做主语时 → You are beautiful.
★口诀：
我用_am__, 你用_are__, _is_用在他她它，单数名词用 is ，复数全用_are__，不可数名词用_is_。
例题一：
I _am__ a boy. 2. The girl_is__ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _is__ tall and fat.
4.You are a student. 5.They _are__ on the farm 6.It is an umbrella.
7.Bob and Tom are doctors. 8.My parents are very busy every day.
9.Some water is in the glass. 10.Your hair is long. 11. Ten and two is twelve.
缩写：
I am = I’m we are=we’re you are=[ you’re ] he is=he’s she is=[ she’s] it is =[ it’s ]
二、含有be动词的肯定句和否定句
I am from London. I am not from London.
He is a teacher. He is not a teacher. He isn't a teacher.
Her eyes are small. Her eyes are not small. Her eyes aren’t small.
She is in the dining room. She is not in the dinning room. She isn’t in the dinning room.
缩写： am not 不存在 are not aren’t is not = isn’t
★总结：在有be动词的句子中，改否定句时只要在be动词_后面__加上_not_。
例题三、有be动词的一般疑问句
肯定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：
I am a student. Are you a student Yes, I am No, I am not.
They are Chinese. Are they Chinese Yes, they are._ No, __they are not.__
The cat is fat . Is the cat fat Yes,_it is._ No, it isn’t.__
★总结：在有be动词的句子中，改一般疑问句时只要将be动词提前_，我改你。
例题四、 Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am--was is --was are--were
⑴was not=wasn’t were not=weren’t
带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
练一练：
1.I __was___ at school just now. 2. He _was_ at the camp last week.
3. We _were___ students two years ago. 4. They _were______ on the farm a short time ago.
5. Yang Ling _was______ eleven years old last year. 6.Some beef__was______ on the plate just now.
7. The phone __was____ on the sofa yesterday evening. 8. Two bowls of rice are on the table a moment ago.
例题五、Be动词在一般将来时中的变化：will be表示对将来的事实或将来的预测；其否定形式为won’t be。
例句：He is eight years old now and he will be nine next year. 他现在八岁，明年将九岁啦。
It will be rainy tomorrow. 明天将会是下雨天。
练一练：
1.He will be there at ten tomorrow morning. 2.In three years,he will be a doctor.
3.I will be free next week. 4.I will be a successful man in the future.
5.It is hot in summer, but it will be cool in autumn.
6. Today, computers are large. But in the future, computers will be very small.
例题六、there be 句型中be动词的用法
There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）”。其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词。
一、There be句型的四大时态：
一般现在时： There is/are+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例：There is an old bike in front of the school . 学校前面有一辆旧自行车。
There are lots of pears in the basket. 篮子里有许多梨。
一般过去时： There was/were+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例：There was an egg in the bowl just now. 刚刚在碗里有一个鸡蛋。
There were many trees behind the house two years ago. 两年前房子后面有许多树。
现在进行时： There is/are+主语+doing+地点状语（介词短语）
例：There is a bird singing in the tree. 树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There are two boys running on the playground. 操场上有两个男孩正在奔跑。
一般将来时： ①There is/are going to be+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午将有一场会议。
②There will be+主语+地点状语（介词短语）
例：There will be more schools in the future. 今后将会有更多的学校。
★特别注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“就近原则”。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：
①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
二、There be 结构和have的区别与联系
1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系。there be 强调某地有某物或某人，这是其基本用法。
如：There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。
Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has） 来表示。
如：中国有许多长河。
①There are many long rivers in China. ②China has many long rivers.
练一练：用 There be 和have的适当形式造句
我的书包里有两瓶水： There are two bottles of water in my bag.
桌上有一个橡皮擦和三本书：There is an eraser and three books.
天上有许多云：There is a lot of clouds in the sky.
明天学校将有一场足球赛： There will be a football game in the school.
三、There be 句型的否定形式和一般疑问句
否定句：
there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not，但要注意的是句中的some改成any.
例题：1.There are some apples in the box. 改否定： There are not any apples in the box.
2.There_is_ some milk in the glass. 改否定：There is not any milk in the glass.
注意：There be否定句型中的not a/an/any与no可以互换
1.There are not any apples in the box. = There are no books in the bag.
2.There is not a baby crying in the room. = There is no baby crying in the room.
一般疑问句
there be 句型的一般疑问句只需把be 动词调到句首。但要注意的是句中的some改成any.
例题： 1.There is going to be a birthday party this Sunday.
改一般疑问句： Is there going to be a birthday party this Sunday
2.There were some people under the tree just now.
改一般疑问句： Were there any people under the tree just now
3.There are some story books on the shelf.
改一般疑问句：Are there any story books on the shelf
本课学习小结：
1.be 动词的用法：我用_am_; 你用are_; __is__用在他她它;单数全用_is_，复数全用_are___,不可数名词用 is 。
2.在有be动词的句子中，改否定句时只要在be动词_后面_加上__not__。改一般疑问句时，将_be动词__移到句首。
3.be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am--__was_____ ; is --__was____; are--___were____
4.be动词在一般将来时中的变化：is/am/are--__will be____。
5.在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用__is_____；主语是复数，be 动词用___are______； 如有几件物品，be 动词根据___离它最近_______的那个名词决定。
（二）常见英文缩写
字母的缩略词
a.m. 上午 FBI 联邦调查局(美国)
p.m. 下午 PRC 中国
ABC 基础知识 WC 厕所
BBC 英国广播公司 USA 美国
CAN 加拿大 UK 英国
CAAC 中国民航 UN 联合国
CCTV 中国中央电视台 TV 电视
CPU 中央处理器 MTV 音乐电视
ID 身份证 Tel 电话
OK 行，好 SOS 国际求救信号
RMB 人民币 VOA 美国之音
WTO 世界贸易组织 NATO 北大西洋公约组织
EMS 特快专递 g 克
SAR 特别行政区 kg 千克
WHO 世界卫生组织 cm 厘米
SARS 非典型性肺炎 mm 毫米
UNESCO 联合国教育、科学及文化组织 m 米
CBA 中国蓝球协会 km 千米，公里
NBA 国家蓝球协会 Add. 地址
ISO 国际标准组织 Sun. 周日
IT 信息技术 Mon. 周一
IQ 智商 Tue. 周二
EQ 情商 Web. 周三
VCD 影碟机 Thur. 周四
CD 光盘 Fri. 周五
UFO 不明飞行物，飞碟 Sat. 周六
TM 商标 Jan. 一月
DDT 滴滴涕(农药) Feb. 二月
AD 公元 Mar. 三月
BC 公元前 Apr. 四月
BBS 电子布告栏系统 Jun. 六月
POB 邮政信箱 Jul. 七月
IMP 进口 Aug. 八月
EXP 出口 Sept. 九月
BA 中文学士 Oct. 十月
Dr 博士 Nov. 十一月
EEC 欧洲经济共同体 Dec. 十二月
助动词用法
助动词定义
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。
b. 表示语态，例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life 你喜欢大学生活吗
Did you study English before you came here 你来这儿之前学过英语吗
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有： will, shall, have, be, should
考点一
(一) 助动词(do, does)的用法
1. 一般现在时中，
1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则，即看主语是否为单三，主语为单三则用does，非单三则用do。
2 )当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用 doesn’t ；当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形 don’t 。
例如：I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
3)当句子变一般疑问句时，同样要根据 主语是否为单三 来决定在句首使用Do或Does.
例如：Do you want to pass the exam 你想通过测试吗？
句式 构成
肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单数形式+其他
否定句 主语+do+not+动词原形+其他。主语（第三人称单数）+does+not+动词原形+其他。
一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他？Does +主语+动词原形+其他？
练习一 ： 用do does 填空
1 _Does____ she know all the answers
Yes , she _does__ . No, she __doesn’t___.
2 _Do____ the twins often fight
Yes ,_they___ do. No, __they___ don’t.
3 _Does___ your dad like listening to music
Yes ,_he__ does . No, he____ doesn’t.
4 _Do___ you have a new teacher
Yes , I __do___. No, I __don’t___.
(二) 助动词(did)的用法
1. 一般过去时中，则是用did+ 动词原形，否定句为didn’t + 动词原形。
2. 否定形式构成否定祈使句，例如：Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
注意： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
练习：用do, does或did填空。
(1) What _did____ your sisters do last night
(2)__Do__ you ride a bike after school
(3) Where__does___your father from
(4)_Did____they do their homework last night
(5)__Did___you go shopping with your mother yesterday
(6) My father and mother__do___ not read newspapers on Sundays.
（三） 助动词 shall / will 的用法。
在一般将来时中，will / shall 句型（表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或客观存在的状态。）
例句（1）He will go to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天去北京。(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形)
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单数形式+其他
否定句 主语+will+not+动词原形+其他。主语（第三人称单数）+will+not+动词原形+其他。
一般疑问句 Will+主语+动词原形+其他？Will+主语+动词原形+其他？
中考链接：
1.（兰州）Neither Tom nor I interested in playing WeChat．（ A ）
A．am B．is C．are D．be
2.（镇江）﹣Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou？
﹣Of course．Not only I but also my parents his fans．（ B ）
A．am B．are C．was D．were
3.（甘南州）The number of students 800 at my school．（ B ）
A．am B．is C．are
4.（郴州）﹣Look! A woman with three children crossing the street．
﹣Let's help them．（ A ）
A．is B．are C．was
5.（贵阳）Hou Yi Shoots the Suns one of the most traditional stories in China．（ B ）
A．was B．is C．are练习
一、单选
( A )1.There ________ a book and three pens on the desk now.
A. is B.are C. was D. were
( C )2.Their mother_________ in the kitchen yesterday morning.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( B )3. --- Are you Linda ---Yes, ___________.
A. I’m B. I am C. I is D. I are
( D )4.表示铅笔笔芯“硬黑”的字母是“______”。
A. H B. BH C. IB D. HB
( B )5. “Bob” is a ______.
A. girl B. boy C. pen D. CD
( B )6. 与单词sea同音的字母是 。
A. Bb B. Cc C. Dd D. Ee
( A )7.The singer and dancer on the stage .
A. is B. are C. am D. were
( A )8.Mary's and Jim's rooms clean.
A.are B. is C. was D. am
( B )9.The young ________ swimming in the river at the moment.
A. is B.are C. was D. were
( B )10.Mary and Mike's room clean.
A. are B.is C. were D. am
( B )11. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
A.are B. is C. were D. am
( C )12.There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.
A.are B. is C. was D. were
( D )13.There solar storms later this year.
A.will B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be
( A )14.There a singing context next week.
A.will be B.will going to be C.is going to have D.will have
( D )15.The next time you see Mike,he sixteen years old.
A.is B.was C.will D.will be
( D )16.He very busy this week,he free next week.
A.will be;is B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be
中考链接：
17.（安顺）The number of the elderly（老人） increasing in China, and with the development of China economy, they better care of in the future．（ C ）
A．is； will take B．are； are taken
C．is； will be taken D．are； will take
18.（永州）Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing．（ A ）
A．am B．is C．are
19.（庆阳）Everyone except Ted and Jack studying for the final test now．（ B ）
A．are B．is C．were D．was
20.（阜新）If it sunny tomorrow, we will have a picnic near the river．（ C ）
A．will be B．be C．is D．was
21.（云南）If there no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature．（ A ）
A．is B．will be C．has D．will have
二、用恰当的be动词填空。
1. My sister's name __is__Nancy. / 2. This __is__ not Wang Fang's pencil.
3. __Are__ David and Helen from England 4. There __is__ a girl in the room.
5. There ___are___ some apples on the tree. 6. __Are__ there any kites in the classroom
7. ___Is____ there any apple juice in the bottle 8. You, he and I _are_ from China.
9. There _was_ some bread on the plate just now. 10.There___is___ a box of rubbers near the books.
11.There__were__ lots of flowers in our garden last year. 12. Mike and Liu Tao ___are___ at school.
13.There____are______ four cups of coffee on the table. 14. Will you be free next Sunday
15. There ___is____ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 16. The man with big eyes ___is___ a teacher.
17. __Is___ your brother in the classroom 18.Where _is_ your mother She _is_ at home.
19. How ___is___your father 20. Whose dress __is___ this
21. Whose socks __are__ they 22. Who ___am___ I
23. That __is__ my red skirt. 24. Here ___is___ a scarf for you. 25. Here __are___ some sweaters for you. 26. Gao Shan's shirt ___is____ over there.
27. The black gloves __are__ for Su Yang. 28. This pair of gloves __is___ for Yang Ling.
29. The two cups of milk _are__ for me. 30. Some tea _is_ in the glass.
31.In ten years,John will be a policeman. 32.Hurry up! Or we will be late.
三、句型转换
1. I am excited.
否定句：I am not excited.
一般疑问句：Are you excited
肯、否定回答：Yes,I am./No,I am not.
2. They were in his pocket.
否定句：They were not in his pocket.
一般疑问句：Were they in his pocket
肯、否定回答：Yes,they were./No,they weren’t.
3. There were some cars in front of the house just now.
否定句：There were not any cars in front of the house just now.
一般疑问句： Were there any cars in front of the house just now
肯、否定回答：Yes,there were./No,there were not.
4. Mary goes to school on foot.
否定句：Mary doesn’t go to school on foot.
一般疑问句： Does Mary go to school on foot
肯定回答：Yes,she does. 否定回答：No,she doesn’t.
5. She does her homework at night.
否定句：She doesn’t do her homework at night.
一般疑问句：Does she do her homework at night
6. Tom walked to school this morning.
否定句:Tom didn’t walk to school this morning.
一般疑问句：Did Tom walk to school this morning
肯定回答：Yes,he did. 否定回答：No,he didn’t.
7. Sally will visit her friends next week.
否定句：Sally won’t visit her friends next week.
一般疑问句：Will Sally visit her friends next week
肯定回答：Yes,she will. 否定回答：No,she won’t.
四、完形填空。
A boy and a girl catch a bird and _____1_____ it in a birdcage (鸟笼）. They like it ____2______ and _____3_____ it every day. A cat sees the bird and wants _____4_____ her supper. _____5_____ the bird is in the cage. She can’t catch it. So she is very _____6_____.
One day, she opens the door of the cage _____7_____ wants to catch it. But the bird flies away. The cat _____8_____, and she has _____9_____. The two children _____10_____ and see the bird isn’t in. They are very angry and put the cat into the cage.
( B )1. A. take B. put C. carry D. bring
( D )2. A. well B. very C. much D. very much
( D )3. A. see B. look C. have a look D. have a look at
( C )4. A. have it for B. has is for C. to have it for D. to has it for
( A )5. A. But B. And C. So D. Then
( A )6. A. angry B. happy C. glad D. tired
( B )7. A. but B. and C. so D. or
( D )8. A. can to fly B. can fly C. can’t to fly D. can’t fly
( A )9. A. no ways B. some ways C. any way D. not way
( B )10. A. come back to home B. come back home
C. come to home D. back home
五、阅读理解。
I’m Zhao Kai. I have a good friend. His name is Ben. 1 He comes to China because(因为) his parents work in China. 2 He speaks English very well, but his Chinese isn’t good. I often help him with his Chinese and he helps me with my English. 3 He has many friends in our school. Ben often plays with his friends. 4 His favorite food is jiaozi. I often invite(邀请) him to my home for dinner. 5 . Do you want to be Ben’s friend
阅读短文，从方框中选出合适的句子填入文中，使短文完整、通顺。
A. We help each other.B. He comes from America.C. So he is very happy.D. He likes to eat Chinese food.E. Now Ben is in my class.
1.B 2.E 3. A 4. D 5. C
(B)
SDTV Station (电视台)Wang Tao, Office worker 20 Quancheng Road(路), Ji’nan Tel: 0531-7645321018853106796Email: wangtao888@
根据名片内容，选择正确答案。
( A )1. Wang Tao works in .
A. SDTV Station B. Pudong No.1 Restaurant
C. Renmin Hospital D. Shuntong Taxi Company
( C )2. We can call Xu Guoqing at .
A. 0531-76453210 B. 0755- 6357617 C. 021-55326788 D. 18853106796
( C )3. If your friend is ill (生病的), he can call .
A. Wang Tao B. Xu Guoqing C. Xia Zhanhui D. Liu Yong
( A )4. You can’t get in touch with (与……联系) by Email.
A. Wang Tao B. Xu Guoqing C. Xia Zhanhui D. Liu Yong
( D )5. Liu Yong lives in . He is a .
A. Ji’nan; worker B. Shanghai; manager
C. Shenzhen; doctor D. Tianjin; driver
六、看图写话 根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子。
1. they, now 2. parents, at home 3. Lily, beautiful
there, purple 5. capital, China
They are playing table tennis now.
My parents are having dinner at home now.
Lily is beautiful.
There is a purple knife.
Beijing is the capital of China.
七、根据情景提示，用恰当的短句或句子填空。
1.早上，熟人相见可以说：
Good morning.
2.下午，遇见他人可以说：
Good afternoon.
3. 晚上八点，遇见熟人说：
Good evening.
4.当Ann问你“How are you ”时，你应回答：
I’m fine, thank you.
5..当你的同学Frank向你说“Hello, Bob！”时，你应回答：
Hello, Frank!
Pudong No.1 RestaurantXu Guoqing, Manager(经理)66 Huangpu Road, ShanghaiTel: 021-5532678815823017699
Renmin HospitalXia Zhanhui, Doctor68 Guangming Road, ShenzhenTel: 0755-6357617Email: xzh6357617@
Shuntong Taxi Company(出租公司)
Liu Yong, Driver
102 Xinhua Stree(街), Tianjin
Tel: 022-38902756
13872205368
Email: tjliuyong@be动词与助动词小测
总分：35分 .
一、在横线上填上合适的be动词（每题1分，共8分）。
1. The twins very happy because they want to go to the movies.
2. Our class big, but their class small.
3. The basketball club exciting and fun.
4. The girl in red clothes my sister.
5. Lily’s room not very big.
6. It nice to meet you.
7. Your name nice.
8. What class you in
二、按要求改句子（每题2分，共10分）。
1. I am on duty today.
________________________________________________（否定句）
________________________________________________（一般疑问句）
2.Linda’s books are on the desk.
_________________________________________________（否定句）
_________________________________________________（一般疑问句）
_________________________________________________（划线提问）
三、用括号中的内容（或者其适当形式）填空（每题1分，共8分）。
1.My uncle (does/is) from Shanghai.
2.The girl (isn’t/doesn’t) do her homework every day.
3. (Is/Does) your sister a member of the Reading Club
4.Lucy’s hair (is/are) black and long.
5.One of my hobbies (is/are) swimming.
6.The man in black (doesn’t/isn’t) like reading.
7. (Do/Are)the shoes fit you well
8.When (do/are)you often do your homework
四、将下列句子改成否定句（每题2分，共4分）。
1. I have many friends.
】
2. Her father has two brothers.
】
五、单选。（每题1分，共5分）
1.（广西）The number of TF boys' fans ______ about 11million and a number of them ______ teenagers．（ ）
A．are； are B．are； is C．is； are D．is； is
2.（泰州）Not only children but also my husband______crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea （《红海行动》（ ）
A．is B．are C．am D．be
3.（庆阳）Everyone except Ted and Jack______studying for the final test now．（ ）
A．are B．is C．were D．was
4.（广西）The number of TF boys' fans ______ about 11million and a number of them ______ teenagers．（ ）
A．are； are B．are； is C．is； are D．is； is
5.（威海）A woman with a young boy_____getting into Uncle's car．（ ）
A．is B．are C．hasbe动词与助动词小测
总分：35分 .
一、在横线上填上合适的be动词。
1. The twins_are____ very happy because they want to go to the movies.
2. Our class_is____ big, but their class ____is_ small.
3. The basketball club _is____ exciting and fun.
4. The girl in red clothes __is___ my sister.
5. Lily’s room__is___ not very big.
6. It ___is___nice to meet you.
7. Your name_is_____ nice.
8. What class_are____ you in
二、按要求改句子。
1. I am on duty today.
___I’m not on duty today._______________（否定句）
_Are you on duty today _______________________（一般疑问句）
2.Linda’s books are on the desk.
_Linda’s books aren’t on the desk.________________（否定句）
Are_Linda’s books on the desk ________________（一般疑问句）
Whose books are on the desk _____________________（划线提问）
三、用括号中的内容（或者其适当形式）填空（每题1分，共8分）
1.My uncle ______(does/is) from Shanghai.
2.The girl ______(isn’t/doesn’t) do her homework every day.
3.______(Is/Does) your sister a member of the Reading Club
4.Lucy’s hair _____(is/are) black and long.
5.One of my hobbies_____(is/are) swimming.
6.The man in black ______(doesn’t/isn’t) like reading.
7._____(Do/Are)the shoes fit you well
8.When _____(do/are)you often do your homework
四、将下列句子改成否定句（每题2分，共4分）
1. I have many friends.
I don’t have many friends. 】
2. Her father has two brothers.
Her father doesn’t have two brothers. 】
五、单选。（每题1分，共5分）
1.（广西）The number of TF boys' fans ______ about 11million and a number of them ______ teenagers．（ C ）
A．are； are B．are； is C．is； are D．is； is
2.（泰州）Not only children but also my husband______crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea （《红海行动》（ A ）
A．is B．are C．am D．be
3.（庆阳）Everyone except Ted and Jack______studying for the final test now．（ B ）
A．are B．is C．were D．was
4.（广西）The number of TF boys' fans ______ about 11million and a number of them ______ teenagers．（ C ）
A．are； are B．are； is C．is； are D．is； is
5.（威海）A woman with a young boy_____getting into Uncle's car．（ A ）
A．is B．are C．has
