Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.What amazed us most was the natural landscape of the rainforest and the （独特的） local culture.
2.He set two （闹钟） clocks in case he got up late.
3.Lisa Iannucci’s book was finally published under the （题目） of “My Favourite Star” and it soon became popular with readers of all ages.
4.He wanted a car that would （反映） his status as a bank manager.
5.The students began to feel （想家的） after they had been here for a month.
6.To make a sandwich， you should put a slice of （火腿） between two slices of bread.
7.The names of political parties are always c ， for example， the Green Party.
8.There are few v signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for so long.
维度二：词形转换
1.The job is so boring.I wish I could do something more （creativity）.
2.He used many terms in his speech which sounded （confuse） to the audience.
3.The mountains are （visible） because of the clouds.
4.Children watch what others do carefully and imitate the （behave） of those closest to them.
5.He had the （oppose） view and felt that the war was immoral.
6.On （reflect），I agree with your plan of doing part-time jobs in the summer vacation.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.If we all agree， let’s （使结束） the discussion.
2. （说起） all the songs he has written， I think this is probably his best-known one.
3.He’s a French， so he can speak （既不……也不……） write Chinese.
4.When looking for a job， you’re often asked to （填写） a form at first.
5.He lost the game and （那就是为什么……） he didn’t come to attend the celebration party.
6.She （向外看） the window， sighing for her lost youth.
维度四：课文语法填空
Have you ever asked 1. （you） why people often have trouble 2. （learn） English？ I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3. there was ham in a hamburger.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4. （learn）.
Even the smallest words can be 5. （confuse）.You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6. a house can burn up as it burns down， and in which an alarm 7. （hear） once it goes off！
English 8. （invent） by people， not computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the 9. （light） are out， they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch， it starts， 10. when I wind up this passage， it ends.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You can study the English language for years and still not understand a native speaker of English when you meet one.Many language learners know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in a dictionary.Well， here’s a secret for you： A lot of British people can’t understand each other either！
Across the UK， a number of regions have different dialects — that is， they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical phrases.There are many different accents in London， because it is not just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent.Language and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of a new accent coined at the end of the 20th century — “Multicultural London English”.
Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and ways of speaking.These include the influence of people from different ethnic backgrounds and different age groups， too.
“Yoof culture” is an example.The word “yoof” is a slang spelling of “youth”.Young people are creating their own language， concepts and identity.By using words that their parents don’t understand， children can talk about things that their parents might not approve of.For example， instead of saying something like “That’s good！” or “I understand”， yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe！”， or “Sorted！” Besides， Yoof would use “kind-a-thing”， or “sort-a-thing” to replace “if you understand what I’m saying”.In this way， they are starting to find freedom， independence and self-expression.
As learners of English， we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker， but perhaps we should worry less about this.Research commissioned by the British Council shows that 94 per cent of the English spoken in the world today is spoken among non-native speakers of the language.In fact， when we think about “international English”， there is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.The UK no longer owns the English language.
1.What’s the function of Paragraph 1？
A.To share a story. B.To make a comparision.
C.To show the author’s experience. D.To introduce the topic.
2.What can we know about “Multicultural London English”？
A.It’s now spoken by people around the world.
B.It was invented by Londoners in the 1900s.
C.It’s a modern accent that crosses educational divides.
D.It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.
3.What does “Sorted！” mean in “yoof culture”？
A.Watch out. B.I see.
C.My pleasure. D.Hurry up.
4.What does the author want to tell us？
A.Don’t worry if you cannot understand native speakers.
B.Learning English well is very easy.
C.Languages are always changing.
D.It is important to communicate with a native speaker.
B
It is often said that if we dream in a foreign language， it’s a sign that we are making progress in learning that language.But is it true？
Before we can look at multilingual （多语言的） dreams， first we need to look at sleep.The link between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language， including our mother tongue.Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language， but， if we are going to have a firm grasp of that new word， we need to link it to our existing knowledge.“In order to do that， we need to have some sleep，” says Gareth Gaskell， a psychology professor at the University of York.
It’s during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge happens.At night， one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it got in the day， and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored.The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied， but it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams， the brain is trying to connect two languages， according to Marc Zuist， researcher at the University Hospital of Psychiatry in Switzerland.
So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to master a new word or phrase， but it could also have an emotional significance.Danuta Barker， a professor of psycholinguistics （心理语言学） at the University of Silesia in Poland， suggests that multilingual dreams can express fears and desires around learning a foreign language， including the wish to be a native-like speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.
We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams， but one thing seems certain： if you’re trying to learn a new language， you should definitely sleep on it.
5.Which of the following does Gareth agree with？
A.Adults are better at learning.
B.We can learn words while sleeping.
C.Our existing knowledge is from dreams.
D.Multilingual dreams have nothing to do with progress.
6.What does the underlined word “integration” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Method. B.Form.
C.Combination. D.Reflection.
7.What does Danuta Barker study？
A.Emotion and dreams.
B.Languages and communities.
C.Universities and courses.
D.Words and expressions.
8.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.Why we learn a foreign language in the dream.
B.Learning languages is completely from sleeping.
C.Sleeping plays an important part in the development of brains.
D.How multilingual dreams are connected to language learning.
C
Speaking two languages deeply affects the brain and changes how the nervous system reacts to sound， and researches have shown that learning a foreign language can strengthen brain power， but a new study suggests that the effects go further to those who begin in middle childhood.
It indicates that people who began learning a foreign language at 10 and were always exposed to the language， meaning they heard and used it in daily life， had improvements in the structure of the brain’s white matter compared with people who grew up speaking only one language and did not learn a foreign language.
These “higher levels of structural integrity （完整性）” were in areas responsible for language learning and semantic （语义的） processing， which occurs when the meaning of a word is encoded and related to similar words with similar meaning.
The new findings， published in the National Academy of Sciences on Monday， studied brain scans from 200 subjects （接受实验者）， all around the age of 30， who lived in Britain for at least 13 months.They all started learning English as a foreign language at the age of 10.
Their imaging scans were compared with people of similar age who spoke only English.The study was led by Christos of the University of Kent School of Psychology in Britain.
“Everyday dealing with more than one language benefits specific language-related brain structures by preserving their integrity， and therefore it protects them against deterioration in older age，” the study found.
9.Who may have stronger brain power according to the text？
A.A person who learns English as a foreign language.
B.A person who speaks English as a mother language.
C.A person who can speak English well at an early age.
D.A person who hears and uses English in everyday life.
10.What can we know from 200 subjects’ brain scans？
A.The 200 subjects lived in Britain to learn English.
B.The 200 subjects studied English at the age of 30.
C.The structure of their brains’ white matter improved.
D.The structure of their brains’ white matter disappeared.
11.What does the underlined word “deterioration” in the last paragraph mean？
A.Evolving. B.Reaction.
C.Worsening. D.Formation.
12.What’s the text mainly about？
A.Speaking two languages affects the brain seriously.
B.Speaking two languages changes how the brain works.
C.Learning a foreign language can affect people’s childhood.
D.Learning a foreign language at 10 strengthens brain power.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
At China Daily Learning English， we sometimes get questions like this： “How can I speak English with more confidence？” 13 .No matter what language we are learning， we would all love to speak more confidently.So today， we have three pieces of advice to help you gain confidence in your English-speaking ability.
Use positive self-talk
Believe it or not， the most important person you talk to every day is yourself.In other words， it is your thoughts that really matter.So our first piece of advice is to use positive self-talk.
If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may tell yourself things like， “ 14 .” When you talk to other people， you may say things like， “I’m so sorry for my English.” But if you keep thinking and saying such things， you are sure to start believing them.
So the next time you are using your English， pay attention to what you tell yourself or others. 15 .
Don’t worry too much
One of the biggest barriers to confidence in speaking a second language is the constant worry about making mistakes.Understand that making mistakes is a natural part of the language learning process.Yes， you will make mistakes. 16 . And many English learners communicate very well， even with mistakes.Mistakes can be a good thing.The more mistakes you make， the more progress you will make.
17
If your English-speaking skills are at the beginner or intermediate （中级的） level and you try to do something too difficult， you may fail.This can harm your confidence.But， if you do something that matches your level， you are more likely to do it well.
A.Set realistic goals
B.Build your confidence
C.That is a great question
D.English is too hard and I will never improve
E.It is important to practice speaking English every day
F.But the purpose of speaking a language is to communicate
G.Be sure to replace unhelpful thoughts or ideas with better ones
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.unique 2.alarm 3.title 4.reflect 5.homesick 6.ham
7.capitalized 8.visible
维度二
1.creative 2.confusing 3.invisible 4.behavior
5.opposing/opposite 6.reflection
维度三
1.wind up 2.Speaking of 3.neither； nor 4.fill in/out 5.that was why 6.looked out of
维度四
1.yourself 2.learning 3.whether 4.to learn 5.confusing 6.which 7.is heard 8.was invented 9.lights 10.but
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了许多人听不懂母语人士说的英语，并分析了其原因。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，你可能学英语很多年了，当你遇到一个以英语为母语的人时你仍会听不明白。下文说明了母语人士讲的英语听不懂的原因。由此可推断，本段的作用是引入文章的话题。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Language and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of a new accent ... “Multicultural London English”.可知，“多元文化的伦敦英语” 是一种跨越教育鸿沟的现代口音。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的For example， instead of saying something like “That’s good！” or “I understand”， yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe！”， or “Sorted！”可知，“Sorted！”在“yoof（年轻人）文化”中是“我明白”的意思。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的As learners of English， we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker， but perhaps we should worry less about this.可知，作者想告诉我们如果听不懂母语人士的话，不要担心。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。多语梦境中，大脑试图将两种语言联系起来，这有助于学习一门新的语言。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知，加雷思可能同意的观点是我们可以在睡觉的时候学习单词。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，此处为正是在睡眠期间，新旧知识的整合发生了。由此可知，画线单词integration为“整合”的意思，与C项Combination意思一致。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可推知，努塔·巴克研究情感和梦的关系。
8.D 主旨大意题。全篇文章在介绍梦和语言的联系，研究者也进行了分析。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是多语言梦境是如何与语言学习联系在一起的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了10岁时学习一门外语可以增强脑力。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的researches have shown that learning a foreign language can strengthen brain power可知，把英语作为外语来学习的人脑力更强。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段内容可知，我们能从200名受试者的脑部扫描中了解到这200名受试者的大脑白质结构得到改善。
11.C 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Everyday dealing with more than one language benefits specific language-related brain structures by preserving their integrity可知，这些大脑结构在老年时会得到保护从而不会恶化。因此画线词意为“恶化”。
12.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出一项新研究发现学习一门外语能增强脑力。根据第三段最后一句可知，该项研究的对象都是在10岁时开始学外语。由此可知，文章主要讲述了10岁学一门外语可以增强脑力。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何才能自信地说英语的几种方法。
13.C 上文提出怎样才能更自信地说英语这个问题。C项（这是一个好问题）承接上文，强调这个问题的重要性。
14.D 根据上文If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may tell yourself things like推测，空处可能列举你对自己所说的话，D项（英语太难了，我永远也进步不了）承接上文，这正是我们不自信时对自己说的话。
15.G 上文提到要注意对自己或别人说的话。G项（一定要用更好的想法来代替无益的想法）承接上文，符合语境。
16.F 上文说明犯错误是语言学习过程中自然的事情。下文指出即使有错也能很好地交流。由此可知，F项（但是说一门语言的目的是交流）承上启下，符合语境。
17.A 设空处为段落小标题。下文说明目标设置不合理会损害自信。由此可知，该部分的建议是设置合理的目标。A项（设定切合实际的目标）能概括本段内容，为最佳小标题。
4 / 5Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English？[1]I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant③ either.[2]Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤.[3]This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
[1]I hadn’t是I hadn’t ever asked myself的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导宾语从句，在此意为“是否”。
[2]neither ...nor ...是并列连词，意为“既不……，也不……”；此处否定词Neither 位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
[3]句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。got me thinking是“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾语补足语。
For example， in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting， but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！[4]While we’re doing all this traveling， we can get seasick⑦at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but we don’t get homesick when we get back home.And speaking of⑧ home， why aren’t homework and housework the same thing？
[4]本句为并列连词but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，While引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine， we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest words can be confusing .[5]When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report， do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
[5]When引导时间状语从句。capitalized为分词化形容词，在从句中作定语，修饰WHO。
【读文清障】
①have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困难/费力
②ham n.火腿
③eggplant n.茄子
④pine n.松树
⑤pineapple n.菠萝
⑥sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
⑦seasick adj.晕船的
airsick adj.晕机的
carsick adj.晕车的
homesick adj.想家的
⑧speaking of ...
讲起……，说到……
⑨opposite n.反义词；相反的人（或物）
adj.相反的；对面的
opposing adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
oppose vt.反对，抵制
⑩harmless adj.无害的，不会导致损害的
harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的
harm v.伤害，损害
shameless adj.无耻的，不知羞耻的
shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的
behavior n.举止，行为
confusing adj.令人困惑的
capitalized adj.大写的
[6]You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you fill in a form by filling it out， and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
[6]三个in which都引导定语从句，修饰先行词language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导条件状语从句。
English was invented by people， not computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race .[7]That is why when the stars are out， they are visible ， but when the lights are out， they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts， but when I wind up this passage， it ends.
[7]That is why ...为固定句型，意为“那就是为什么……”。此句型中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
wonder v.感到诧异，非常想知道 n.惊讶；奇迹
wonder at对……感到诧异
（it’s） no wonder that ...……不足为奇/并不奇怪
unique adj.独一无二的，独特的
madness n.疯狂；愚蠢行为
burn up烧毁，烧尽
burn down烧毁
fill in填写（表格等）
fill out填写（表格等）
alarm n.警报器；闹钟
reflect v.显示，反映
creativity n.创造性，创造力
human race 人类
visible adj.看得见的，可见的
invisible adj.看不见的
wind up给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束
【参考译文】
菠萝≠松树＋苹果
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我 hamburger （汉堡包）里面有没有ham （火腿）。答案是没有。这让我意识到， eggplant （茄子）里面也没有egg （鸡蛋），而 pineapple （菠萝）里既没有pine （松树），也没有 apple （苹果）。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？
例如，闲暇时我们可以雕一座雕像 （sculpt a sculpture）、画一幅画 （paint a painting），但只能拍一张照片 （take a photo）。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面 （in），坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面 （on）！同样，我们会在海上晕船 （seasick at sea）、在飞机里晕机 （airsick in the air）、在车里晕车 （carsick in a car），但回到家里我们却不会“晕家” （homesick，实际意义为“想家的”）。说到家，为什么homework （家庭作业）和 housework （家务）（这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却）不是一回事呢？
如果说hard （硬）是soft （软）的反义词，为什么 hardly （几乎不）和 softly （柔和地）却不是一对反义词？如果说 harmless actions （无害行为）和 harmful actions （有害行为）意思相反，为什么 shameless behaviors （无耻行为）和shameful behaviors （可耻行为）反而是一回事？
当我们望向窗外，看到雨 （rain）或雪 （snow）时，我们可以说正在下雨 （it’s raining）或正在下雪 （it’s snowing）。可我们看见阳光 （sunshine）的时候却不能说正在下阳光 （it’s sunshining）。
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。如果你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO，你会把它读成Who’s that？中的who吗？那么IT和US又该怎么读呢？
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up （字面意思为“烧上去”），也可以说 burn down （字面意思为“烧下去”）；填表的时候，你可以 fill in a form （字面意思为“填入表里”）也可以 fill out a form （字面意思为“填到表外”）； 而且只有闹钟走了（go off 字面意思为“离开”）以后你才能听到铃声！
英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么 stars are out （星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而 lights are out （灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。那也是当我 wind up my watch （给手表上紧发条）以后表针开始走，而我 wind up this passage （将本文收尾）后这篇文章结束的原因。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.The first paragraph is intended to .
A.introduce English is interesting and creative
B.tell us English is difficult to learn
C.direct our attention to the word formation
D.lead to the topic of discussion
2.What’s the purpose of all the examples given in the passage？
A.To reflect the creativity of the human race.
B.To prove the difficulty of learning English.
C.To explain how to learn English.
D.To introduce the history of English.
3.How does the author develop the passage？
A.By providing examples. B.By making comparisons.
C.By following the way of spelling. D.By following the order of importance.
4.Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A.Because the English words show everything around us.
B.Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C.Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D.Because the English words are unique in the world.
5.What do we know from the last paragraph？
A.Words always have the same meanings.
B.Words can’t always describe what we feel.
C.Words sometimes confuse us.
D.Words can mean differently in different situations.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
1.Why do people often have trouble learning English？
2.While coming across confusing words and phrases， what do you often do？
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the parallel sentences in the passage.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me
whether there was ham in a hamburger.
自主翻译
2.You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns
down， in which you fill in a form by filling it out，
and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
自主翻译
3.
That is why when the stars are out， they are visible，
but when the lights are out， they are invisible.
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
opposing adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
【教材原句】 If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？
如果说hard （硬）是soft （软）的反义词，为什么hardly （几乎不）和softly （柔和地）却不是一对反义词？
【用法】
（1）opposite adj. 相反的，完全不同的；对面的
prep. 在……的对面
adv. 在对面
n. 反义词；相反的人（或物）
be opposite to 与……相反，在……对面
（2）oppose v. 反对，抵制
oppose （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
（3）opposed adj. 强烈反对的；（意见、看法等）截然不同的；对抗的
be opposed to sth 反对某事
【佳句】 Throughout the negotiations Tom and Jack took opposing views.
整个谈判过程中，汤姆和杰克持的观点是对立的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①John and Jevons took （oppose） views at today’s meeting.
②All the people in the country oppose （give） military aid to that country.
③It was obvious that I was going to be late， as I had mistakenly got on a bus that was taking me in the （oppose） direction.
④The result was opposite what we had expected， leaving us disappointed.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students of charging entrance fees.
在这个问题上意见有分歧，60%的学生反对收入场费的观点。
behavior n. 举止，行为
【教材原句】 If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
如果说harmless actions （无害行为）和harmful actions （有害行为）意思相反，为什么shameless behaviors （无耻行为）和shameful behaviors （可耻行为）反而是一回事？
【用法】
（1）good/bad behavior 良好/不良行为
（2）behave v. 举动；（举止或行为）表现
behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/不好
behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体
【佳句】 The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behavior in front of other classmates.
这个孩子在课堂上表现得很好，老师在其他同学面前表扬了他的良好行为。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This is a family where bad （behave） will be punished.
②The shop assistants behave very well customers.
③Behave （you） and you will win the respect of most people present at the evening party.
【写美】 补全句子
④It is necessary to reward children .
对孩子们的良好行为给予奖励是有必要的。
confusing adj.令人困惑的
【教材原句】 Even the smallest words can be confusing.
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。
【用法】
（1）confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑
confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆
be/get confused by/about ... 对……感到困惑
（2）confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的
confusion n. 混乱；困惑
【佳句】 The film is so confusing that I can’t understand it.
这部电影如此令人困惑以至于我看不懂。
【点津】 -ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“令人……的”；-ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。修饰face， look， expression， voice等时，常用-ed形式的形容词。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His answer to the question is （confuse）.
②They are so alike that I often confuse Mary Jane.
③I would often get （confuse） when I came across new words.
④He looked at me confusion and didn’t say a word.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤Learning that ， I am writing to inform you of some details.
了解到你对中国习俗感到困惑，我写信告诉你一些细节。
burn up 烧毁，烧尽；烧完；消耗（能量）；火烧旺
【教材原句】 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ...
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up（字面意思为“烧上去”），也可以说 burn down（字面意思为“烧下去”）……
【用法】
burn down 烧毁；火势减弱
burn to the ground 全部烧毁
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力
burn away （使）烧掉，烧光
burn oneself out 耗尽体力；累垮
【佳句】 Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up more fat.
有氧运动加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗更多脂肪。
【练透】 写出下列句中burn up的含义
①Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.
②Mum added more wood to the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually.
【写美】 补全句子
③When the firemen came， the fire had .
当消防员来到的时候，火已快灭了。
alarm n.警报器，闹钟；惊恐 vt.使惊恐；使害怕
【教材原句】 ... and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
……而且只有闹钟走了（go off 字面意思为“离开”）以后你才能听到铃声！
【用法】
（1）in alarm 惊恐地；惊慌地（常作方式状语）
raise/sound the alarm 发出警报；引起警觉
（2）alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的
be/feel alarmed by/at sth 因某事而担心/害怕
be alarmed to do sth 担心/害怕做某事
【佳句】 I knocked on all the doors to raise/sound the alarm.
我敲了所有的门让大家警觉。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①“What’s up？” he asked alarm.
②Everyone is alarmed the news that a sandstorm is on the way.
【写美】 一句多译
③发现她受伤了，他们很害怕。
→They her wound.
→They she was wounded.
reflect v.显示，反映；反射（声音或者光）；思考
【教材原句】 English was invented by people， not computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race.
英语是人创造的，而不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
【用法】
（1）reflect sb/sth （in sth） （在……中）映出某人/某物的影像
reflect on/upon 认真思考；沉思
（2）reflection n. 映像；反射
on/upon reflection 经再三思考
【助记】 The boy reflected on why the ground could reflect sunlight and water could reflect the mountains.
这个男孩认真思考了为什么地面能反射阳光，水能映出群山。
【练透】 写出下列句中reflect的含义
①The manager needed time to reflect on what to do.
②The new windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight.
【写美】 补全句子
③At first I thought it was a bad idea，but I realized she was right.
最初我认为那是个坏主意，但经再三思考，我认识到她是对的。
wind up 给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束；摇动（把手等）
【教材原句】 And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts， but when I wind up this passage， it ends.
那也是当我 wind up my watch （给手表上紧发条）以后表针开始走，而我 wind up this passage （将本文收尾）后这篇文章结束的原因。
【用法】
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
wind down 把（汽车窗玻璃等）摇下；使（业务、活动等）逐步结束
wind forward/back 向前/后倒（磁带、胶卷等）
【佳句】 After he got into the car，he fastened the seat belt， wound the window up and started the engine.上了车以后，他系上安全带，摇上车窗，启动了发动机。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She wound the car window to speak to a traffic police.
②The Great Wall winds way across north China like a huge dragon.
【写美】 补全句子
③Just when we ， the doorbell rang.
我们刚结束游戏，门铃就响了。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth
【教材原句】 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？
【用法】
句中have trouble doing sth意为“做某事有困难/费力”，且doing 前面省略了in；其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用some， any， no， little等词来修饰。其他表示“做某事有困难”的常见结构：
（1）have trouble/difficulty/problems （in） doing sth做某事有困难/麻烦
（2）have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth 在某方面有困难/麻烦
【点津】 在使用have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth时，trouble/difficulty往往提前作为主句中的先行词，定语从句中谓语变为have doing形式。
【写美】 微写作
①从你上一封邮件中得知你在与同学相处方面有困难，我感到很遗憾。（建议信）
I’m sorry to know from your last email that you your classmates.
②无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，李老师总是耐心地帮助我们。（人物介绍）
， Mr Li always helps us patiently.
③你无法想象我们在寻找那个人时遇到了多大的困难。（告知信）
You can’t imagine what great difficulty .
句型公式：neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
pineapple （菠萝）里既没有 pine（松树），也没有apple （苹果）。
【用法】
句中neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
（1）neither ...nor ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应和邻近的主语一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。
（2）neither位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即将系动词、助动词或情态动词提至主语前。
（3）表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
【品悟】 Neither has he done it， nor will he do it.
他没有做过，将来也不会做。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①昆明是一个美丽的城市，一年四季都既不太热也不太冷。（投稿）
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s all year around.
②彼得不想买那辆车，他的妻子也不想。
Neither did Peter want to buy that car， .
③父母和他们的儿子都对此结果不满意。
satisfied with the result.
④He neither likes nor has tried this kind of food.
→ this kind of food. （倒装句）
句型公式：That is why ...
【教材原句】 That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the lights are out， they are invisible.那就是为什么 stars are out （星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而 lights are out（灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。
【用法】
句中That is why ...意为“那就是为什么……”；why引导表语从句；That指代上文提到的事实。
其他相关句型：
（1）This/That is/was why ...这/那就是为什么……（why引导表语从句，表示结果）
（2）This/That is/was because ...这/那是因为……（because引导表语从句，表示原因）
（3）The reason why ...is/was that ...……的原因是……（why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因）
【品悟】 It rained heavily.That was why they put off the match.
雨下得很大，那就是为什么他们推迟了比赛。
【写美】 微写作
①这就是为什么广告商利用它来说服我们购买东西。（演讲稿）
advertisers use it to persuade us to buy things.
②他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。（学校生活）
he wasn’t admitted into a key university his grades were too low.
③他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。（日常活动）
He missed the first bus and .
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.hamburger 2.take 3.homesick 4.opposing 5.reflects
第二步
1－5 DAACD
第三步
1.Because many words have puzzling meanings， which makes it a crazy language to learn.
2.Refer to a dictionary and ask my English teacher.
第四步
（1）And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！ While we’re doing all this traveling， we can get seasick at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but we don’t get homesick when we get back home.
（2）If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
（3）When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine，we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
第五步
1.我以前从未想过（这个问题），直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我hamburger（汉堡包）里面有没有ham（火腿）。
2.英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up （字面意思为“烧上去”），也可以说 burn down （字面意思为“烧下去”）；填表的时候，你可以 fill in a form （字面意思为“填入表里”），也可以 fill out a form （字面意思为“填到表外”）； 而且只有闹钟走了（go off 字面意思为“离开”）以后你才能听到铃声！
3.那就是为什么stars are out（星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out（灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①opposing/opposite ②giving ③opposite ④to
⑤are opposed to the idea
2.①behavior ②towards/to ③yourself
④for their good behavior
3.①confusing ②with/and ③confused ④in
⑤you are confused about Chinese customs
4.①消耗（能量） ②火烧旺 ③burnt down
5.①in ②by/at ③were alarmed by/at； were alarmed to find
6.①思考 ②反射 ③on/upon reflection
7.①down ②its ③wound up the game
重点句型解构
1.①have trouble （in） getting along with
②Whenever we have trouble with our studies
③we have ever had finding the person
2.①neither too hot nor too cold
②nor did his wife
③Neither the parents nor their son was
④Neither does he like nor has he tried
3.①That’s why
②The reason why； was that
③that was because he got up late this morning
11 / 11(共106张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning
① English？[1]I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me
whether there was ham② in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me
realize that there’s no egg in eggplant③ either.[2]Neither is there pine④
nor apple in pineapple⑤.[3]This got me thinking how English can be a
crazy language to learn.
[1]I hadn’t是I hadn’t ever asked myself的省略形式，until引导
时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导宾语从句，在此
意为“是否”。
[2]neither ...nor ...是并列连词，意为“既不……，也
不……”；此处否定词Neither 位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
[3]句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。got me thinking是
“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾语补
足语。
【读文清障】
①have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困难/费力
②ham n.火腿
③eggplant n.茄子
④pine n.松树
⑤pineapple n.菠萝
For example， in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a
painting， but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we
are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！[4]While we’re doing
all this traveling， we can get seasick⑦at sea， airsick in the air and
carsick in a car， but we don’t get homesick when we get back
home.And speaking of⑧ home， why aren’t homework and housework
the same thing？
[4]本句为并列连词but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，While引
导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
⑥sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
⑦seasick adj.晕船的
airsick adj.晕机的
carsick adj.晕车的
homesick adj.想家的
⑧speaking of ...讲起……，说到……
If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and
“softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of
harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the
same？
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say
“it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine， we
can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest words can be confusing .[5]When you see the
capitalized “WHO” in a medical report， do you read it as the
“who” in “Who’s that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
[5]When引导时间状语从句。capitalized为分词化形容词，在从
句中作定语，修饰WHO。
⑨opposite n.反义词；相反的人（或物）
adj.相反的；对面的
opposing adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
oppose vt.反对，抵制
⑩harmless adj.无害的，不会导致损害的
harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的
harm v.伤害，损害
shameless adj.无耻的，不知羞耻的
shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的
behavior n.举止，行为
confusing adj.令人困惑的
capitalized adj.大写的
[6]You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a
language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you
fill in a form by filling it out， and in which an alarm is only heard
once it goes off！
[6]三个in which都引导定语从句，修饰先行词language。在第一
个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导
条件状语从句。
wonder v.感到诧异，非常想知道 n.惊讶；奇迹
wonder at对……感到诧异
（it’s） no wonder that ...……不足为奇/并不奇怪
unique adj.独一无二的，独特的
madness n.疯狂；愚蠢行为
burn up烧毁，烧尽
burn down烧毁
fill in填写（表格等）
fill out填写（表格等）
alarm n.警报器；闹钟
English was invented by people， not computers， and it reflects
the creativity of the human race .[7]That is why when the stars are
out， they are visible ， but when the lights are out， they are
invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts， but
when I wind up this passage， it ends.
[7]That is why ...为固定句型，意为“那就是为什么……”。
此句型中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
reflect v.显示，反映
creativity n.创造性，创造力
human race 人类
visible adj.看得见的，可见的
invisible adj.看不见的
wind up给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束
【参考译文】
菠萝≠松树＋苹果
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？我以前
从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我 hamburger （汉
堡包）里面有没有ham （火腿）。答案是没有。这让我意识到，
eggplant （茄子）里面也没有egg （鸡蛋），而 pineapple （菠萝）里
既没有pine （松树），也没有 apple （苹果）。这让我陷入思考：对
于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？
例如，闲暇时我们可以雕一座雕像 （sculpt a sculpture）、画一幅
画 （paint a painting），但只能拍一张照片 （take a photo）。旅行
时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面 （in），坐火车或公共汽车
时却要说坐在上面 （on）！同样，我们会在海上晕船 （seasick at
sea）、在飞机里晕机 （airsick in the air）、在车里晕车 （carsick in a
car），但回到家里我们却不会“晕家” （homesick，实际意义为
“想家的”）。说到家，为什么homework （家庭作业）和 housework
（家务）（这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却）不是一回事呢？
如果说hard （硬）是soft （软）的反义词，为什么 hardly （几乎
不）和 softly （柔和地）却不是一对反义词？如果说 harmless actions
（无害行为）和 harmful actions （有害行为）意思相反，为什么
shameless behaviors （无耻行为）和shameful behaviors （可耻行为）
反而是一回事？
当我们望向窗外，看到雨 （rain）或雪 （snow）时，我们可以说
正在下雨 （it’s raining）或正在下雪 （it’s snowing）。可我们看见
阳光 （sunshine）的时候却不能说正在下阳光 （it’s sunshining）。
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。如果你在医学报告中看到大写
的WHO，你会把它读成Who’s that？中的who吗？那么IT和US又该
怎么读呢？
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子
烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up （字面意思为“烧上去”），也可
以说 burn down （字面意思为“烧下去”）；填表的时候，你可以 fill
in a form （字面意思为“填入表里”）也可以 fill out a form （字面意
思为“填到表外”）； 而且只有闹钟走了（go off 字面意思为“离
开”）以后你才能听到铃声！
英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
那就是为什么 stars are out （星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，
而 lights are out （灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。那也是当我
wind up my watch （给手表上紧发条）以后表针开始走，而我 wind up
this passage （将本文收尾）后这篇文章结束的原因。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. The first paragraph is intended to .
A. introduce English is interesting and creative
B. tell us English is difficult to learn
C. direct our attention to the word formation
D. lead to the topic of discussion
2. What’s the purpose of all the examples given in the passage？
A. To reflect the creativity of the human race.
B. To prove the difficulty of learning English.
C. To explain how to learn English.
D. To introduce the history of English.
3. How does the author develop the passage？
A. By providing examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the way of spelling.
D. By following the order of importance.
4. Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A. Because the English words show everything around us.
B. Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C. Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D. Because the English words are unique in the world.
5. What do we know from the last paragraph？
A. Words always have the same meanings.
B. Words can’t always describe what we feel.
C. Words sometimes confuse us.
D. Words can mean differently in different situations.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
1. Why do people often have trouble learning English？
2. While coming across confusing words and phrases， what do you often
do？
Because many words have puzzling meanings， which makes it a
crazy language to learn.
Refer to a dictionary and ask my English teacher.
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the parallel sentences in the passage.
（1）And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the
taxi， but on the train or bus！ While we’re doing all this traveling， we
can get seasick at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but we
don’t get homesick when we get back home.
（2）If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and
“softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless actions are the opposite of
harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
（3）When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can
say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine，
we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me
whether there was ham in a hamburger.
自主翻译
我以前从未想过（这个问题），直到有一天，我5岁的
儿子问我hamburger（汉堡包）里面有没有ham（火腿）。
2. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you fill in a form by
filling it out，
and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
自主翻译
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英
语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up （字面意思为“烧上
去”），也可以说 burn down （字面意思为“烧下去”）；填表的
时候，你可以 fill in a form （字面意思为“填入表里”），也可以
fill out a form （字面意思为“填到表外”）； 而且只有闹钟走了
（go off 字面意思为“离开”）以后你才能听到铃声！
3. That is why when the stars are out， they are visible，
but when the lights are out， they are invisible.
自主翻译
那就是为什么stars are out（星星出来了）的时候我
们能看到星星，而lights are out（灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到
灯光。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
opposing adj. （观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
【教材原句】 If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are
“hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？
如果说hard （硬）是soft （软）的反义词，为什么hardly （几乎不）
和softly （柔和地）却不是一对反义词？
【用法】
（1）opposite adj. 相反的，完全不同的；对面的
prep. 在……的对面
adv. 在对面
n. 反义词；相反的人（或物）
be opposite to 与……相反，在……对面
（2）oppose v. 反对，抵制
oppose （doing） sth 反对（做）某事
（3）opposed adj. 强烈反对的；（意见、看法等）截然不同
的；对抗的
be opposed to sth 反对某事
【佳句】 Throughout the negotiations Tom and Jack took opposing
views.
整个谈判过程中，汤姆和杰克持的观点是对立的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①John and Jevons took （oppose） views at
today’s meeting.
②All the people in the country oppose （give） military aid to
that country.
opposing/opposite
giving
③It was obvious that I was going to be late， as I had mistakenly got on a
bus that was taking me in the （oppose） direction.
④The result was opposite what we had expected， leaving us
disappointed.
opposite
to
【写美】 补全句子
⑤Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students
of charging entrance fees.
在这个问题上意见有分歧，60%的学生反对收入场费的观点。
are opposed
to the idea
behavior n. 举止，行为
【教材原句】 If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，
why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
如果说harmless actions （无害行为）和harmful actions （有害行为）
意思相反，为什么shameless behaviors （无耻行为）和shameful
behaviors （可耻行为）反而是一回事？
【用法】
（1）good/bad behavior 良好/不良行为
（2）behave v. 举动；（举止或行为）表现
behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/不好
behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体
【佳句】 The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his
good behavior in front of other classmates.
这个孩子在课堂上表现得很好，老师在其他同学面前表扬了他的良好
行为。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This is a family where bad （behave） will be punished.
②The shop assistants behave very well customers.
③Behave （you） and you will win the respect of most
people present at the evening party.
behavior
towards/to
yourself
【写美】 补全句子
④It is necessary to reward children .
对孩子们的良好行为给予奖励是有必要的。
for their good behavior
confusing adj.令人困惑的
【教材原句】 Even the smallest words can be confusing.
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。
【用法】
（1）confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑
confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆
be/get confused by/about ... 对……感到困惑
（2）confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的
confusion n. 混乱；困惑
【佳句】 The film is so confusing that I can’t understand it.
这部电影如此令人困惑以至于我看不懂。
【点津】 -ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“令
人……的”；-ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，意为“感
到……的”。修饰face， look， expression， voice等时，常用-ed形式
的形容词。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His answer to the question is （confuse）.
②They are so alike that I often confuse Mary Jane.
③I would often get （confuse） when I came across new
words.
④He looked at me confusion and didn’t say a word.
confusing
with/and
confused
in
【写美】 补全句子
⑤Learning that ， I am
writing to inform you of some details.
了解到你对中国习俗感到困惑，我写信告诉你一些细节。
you are confused about Chinese customs
burn up 烧毁，烧尽；烧完；消耗（能量）；火烧旺
【教材原句】 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a
language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ...
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成
灰烬的时候，可以说burn up（字面意思为“烧上去”），也可以说
burn down（字面意思为“烧下去”）……
【用法】
burn down 烧毁；火势减弱
burn to the ground 全部烧毁
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力
burn away （使）烧掉，烧光
burn oneself out 耗尽体力；累垮
【佳句】 Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to
burn up more fat.
有氧运动加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗更多脂肪。
【练透】 写出下列句中burn up的含义
①Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.
②Mum added more wood to the fire to make it burn up and the room
became warm gradually.
消耗（能量）
火烧旺
【写美】 补全句子
③When the firemen came， the fire had .
当消防员来到的时候，火已快灭了。
burnt down
alarm n.警报器，闹钟；惊恐 vt.使惊恐；使害怕
【教材原句】 ... and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes
off！
……而且只有闹钟走了（go off 字面意思为“离开”）以后你才能听
到铃声！
【用法】
（1）in alarm 惊恐地；惊慌地（常作方式状语）
raise/sound the alarm 发出警报；引起警觉
（2）alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的
be/feel alarmed by/at sth 因某事而担心/害怕
be alarmed to do sth 担心/害怕做某事
【佳句】 I knocked on all the doors to raise/sound the alarm.我敲了
所有的门让大家警觉。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①“What’s up？” he asked alarm.
②Everyone is alarmed the news that a sandstorm is on the way.
in
by/at
【写美】 一句多译
③发现她受伤了，他们很害怕。
→They her wound.
→They she was wounded.
were alarmed by/at
were alarmed to find
reflect v.显示，反映；反射（声音或者光）；思考
【教材原句】 English was invented by people， not computers， and it
reflects the creativity of the human race.
英语是人创造的，而不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
【用法】
（1）reflect sb/sth （in sth） （在……中）映出某人/某物的影像
reflect on/upon 认真思考；沉思
（2）reflection n. 映像；反射
on/upon reflection 经再三思考
【助记】 The boy reflected on why the ground could reflect sunlight
and water could reflect the mountains.
这个男孩认真思考了为什么地面能反射阳光，水能映出群山。
【练透】 写出下列句中reflect的含义
①The manager needed time to reflect on what to do.
②The new windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight.
思考
反射
【写美】 补全句子
③At first I thought it was a bad idea，but I realized
she was right.
最初我认为那是个坏主意，但经再三思考，我认识到她是对的。
on/upon reflection
wind up 给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束；摇动（把
手等）
【教材原句】 And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，
but when I wind up this passage， it ends.
那也是当我 wind up my watch （给手表上紧发条）以后表针开始走，
而我 wind up this passage （将本文收尾）后这篇文章结束的原因。
【用法】
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
wind down 把（汽车窗玻璃等）摇下；使（业务、活动等）逐步
结束
wind forward/back 向前/后倒（磁带、胶卷等）
【佳句】 After he got into the car，he fastened the seat belt， wound
the window up and started the engine.
上了车以后，他系上安全带，摇上车窗，启动了发动机。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She wound the car window to speak to a traffic police.
②The Great Wall winds way across north China like a huge
dragon.
down
its
【写美】 补全句子
③Just when we ， the doorbell rang.
我们刚结束游戏，门铃就响了。
wound up the game
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth
【教材原句】 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have
trouble learning English？
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？
【用法】
句中have trouble doing sth意为“做某事有困难/费力”，且doing 前面
省略了in；其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用some， any， no，
little等词来修饰。其他表示“做某事有困难”的常见结构：
（1）have trouble/difficulty/problems （in） doing sth做某事有困难/麻烦
（2）have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth 在某方面有困难/麻烦
【点津】 在使用have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth时，
trouble/difficulty往往提前作为主句中的先行词，定语从句中谓语变为
have doing形式。
【写美】 微写作
①从你上一封邮件中得知你在与同学相处方面有困难，我感到很遗
憾。（建议信）
I’m sorry to know from your last email that you
your classmates.
②无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，李老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
（人物介绍）
， Mr Li always helps us
patiently.
have trouble （in）
getting along with
Whenever we have trouble with our studies
③你无法想象我们在寻找那个人时遇到了多大的困难。（告知信）
You can’t imagine what great difficulty
.
we have ever had finding the
person
句型公式：neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
pineapple （菠萝）里既没有 pine（松树），也没有apple （苹果）。
【用法】
句中neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，可连接任意两个
并列的成分。
（1）neither ...nor ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应和邻近的
主语一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。
（2）neither位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即将系动词、助动词
或情态动词提至主语前。
（3）表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可
用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：
Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
【品悟】 Neither has he done it， nor will he do it.
他没有做过，将来也不会做。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①昆明是一个美丽的城市，一年四季都既不太热也不太冷。（投稿）
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s
all year around.
②彼得不想买那辆车，他的妻子也不想。
Neither did Peter want to buy that car， .
③父母和他们的儿子都对此结果不满意。
satisfied with the result.
④He neither likes nor has tried this kind of food.
→ this kind of food. （倒装句）
neither too hot nor too cold
nor did his wife
Neither the parents nor their son was
Neither does he like nor has he tried
句型公式：That is why ...
【教材原句】 That is why when the stars are out， they are visible，
but when the lights are out， they are invisible.那就是为什么 stars are
out （星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而 lights are out（灯灭
了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。
【用法】
句中That is why ...意为“那就是为什么……”；why引导表语从
句；That指代上文提到的事实。
其他相关句型：
（1）This/That is/was why ...这/那就是为什么……（why引导表语
从句，表示结果）
（2）This/That is/was because ...这/那是因为……（because引导表语
从句，表示原因）
（3）The reason why ...is/was that ...……的原因是……（why引导
定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因）
【品悟】 It rained heavily.That was why they put off the match.
雨下得很大，那就是为什么他们推迟了比赛。
【写美】 微写作
①这就是为什么广告商利用它来说服我们购买东西。（演讲稿）
advertisers use it to persuade us to buy things.
②他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。（学校生活）
he wasn’t admitted into a key university
his grades were too low.
③他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。（日常活动）
He missed the first bus and
.
That’s why
The reason why
was
that
that was because he got up late this
morning
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. What amazed us most was the natural landscape of the rainforest and
the （独特的） local culture.
2. He set two （闹钟） clocks in case he got up late.
3. Lisa Iannucci’s book was finally published under the （题
目） of “My Favourite Star” and it soon became popular with
readers of all ages.
unique
alarm
title
4. He wanted a car that would （反映） his status as a bank
manager.
5. The students began to feel （想家的） after they had
been here for a month.
6. To make a sandwich， you should put a slice of （火腿）
between two slices of bread.
7. The names of political parties are always c ， for example，
the Green Party.
8. There are few v signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for
so long.
reflect
homesick
ham
apitalized
isible
维度二：词形转换
1. The job is so boring.I wish I could do something more
（creativity）.
2. He used many terms in his speech which sounded
（confuse） to the audience.
3. The mountains are （visible） because of the clouds.
4. Children watch what others do carefully and imitate the
（behave） of those closest to them.
creative
confusing
invisible
behavior
5. He had the （oppose） view and felt that the
war was immoral.
6. On （reflect），I agree with your plan of doing part-
time jobs in the summer vacation.
opposing/opposite
reflection
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. If we all agree， let’s （使结束） the discussion.
2. （说起） all the songs he has written， I think this is
probably his best-known one.
3. He’s a French， so he can speak （既不……也
不……） write Chinese.
4. When looking for a job， you’re often asked to （填
写） a form at first.
wind up
Speaking of
neither
nor
fill in/out
5. He lost the game and （那就是为什么……） he
didn’t come to attend the celebration party.
6. She （向外看） the window， sighing for her lost
youth.
that was why
looked out of
维度四：课文语法填空
Have you ever asked 1. （you） why people often have
trouble 2. （learn） English？ I hadn’t， until one day my
five-year-old son asked me 3. there was ham in a
hamburger.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language
4. （learn）.
yourself
learning
whether
to learn
Even the smallest words can be 5. （confuse）.You
also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6. a
house can burn up as it burns down， and in which an alarm 7.
（hear） once it goes off！
English 8. （invent） by people， not
computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why
when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the 9.
（light） are out， they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my
watch， it starts， 10. when I wind up this passage， it ends.
confusing
which
is
heard
was invented
lights
but
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You can study the English language for years and still not understand
a native speaker of English when you meet one.Many language learners
know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in a
dictionary.Well， here’s a secret for you： A lot of British people
can’t understand each other either！
Across the UK， a number of regions have different dialects — that
is， they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical
phrases.There are many different accents in London， because it is not
just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent.Language
and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the
recent rise of a new accent coined at the end of the 20th century —
“Multicultural London English”.
Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and
ways of speaking.These include the influence of people from different
ethnic backgrounds and different age groups， too.
“Yoof culture” is an example.The word “yoof” is a slang
spelling of “youth”.Young people are creating their own language，
concepts and identity.By using words that their parents don’t
understand， children can talk about things that their parents might not
approve of.For example， instead of saying something like “That’s
good！” or “I understand”， yoof will use a single adjective like
“Safe！”， or “Sorted！” Besides， Yoof would use “kind-a-
thing”， or “sort-a-thing” to replace “if you understand what I’m
saying”.In this way， they are starting to find freedom， independence
and self-expression.
As learners of English， we may wonder how well we can talk to a
native speaker， but perhaps we should worry less about this.Research
commissioned by the British Council shows that 94 per cent of the English
spoken in the world today is spoken among non-native speakers of the
language.In fact， when we think about “international English”， there
is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.The UK no longer owns
the English language.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了许多人听不懂母语人士
说的英语，并分析了其原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了许多人听不懂母语人士
说的英语，并分析了其原因。
1. What’s the function of Paragraph 1？
A. To share a story.
B. To make a comparision.
C. To show the author’s experience.
D. To introduce the topic.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，你可能学英语很多
年了，当你遇到一个以英语为母语的人时你仍会听不明白。下文说
明了母语人士讲的英语听不懂的原因。由此可推断，本段的作用是
引入文章的话题。
2. What can we know about “Multicultural London English”？
A. It’s now spoken by people around the world.
B. It was invented by Londoners in the 1900s.
C. It’s a modern accent that crosses educational divides.
D. It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Language and accents also
vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of
a new accent ... “Multicultural London English”.可知，“多元文
化的伦敦英语” 是一种跨越教育鸿沟的现代口音。
3. What does “Sorted！” mean in “yoof culture”？
A. Watch out. B. I see.
C. My pleasure. D. Hurry up.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的For example， instead of
saying something like “That’s good！” or “I understand”， yoof
will use a single adjective like “Safe！”， or “Sorted！”可知，
“Sorted！”在“yoof（年轻人）文化”中是“我明白”的意思。
4. What does the author want to tell us？
A. Don’t worry if you cannot understand native speakers.
B. Learning English well is very easy.
C. Languages are always changing.
D. It is important to communicate with a native speaker.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的As learners of English，
we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker， but perhaps
we should worry less about this.可知，作者想告诉我们如果听不懂
母语人士的话，不要担心。
B
It is often said that if we dream in a foreign language， it’s a sign
that we are making progress in learning that language.But is it true？
Before we can look at multilingual （多语言的） dreams， first we
need to look at sleep.The link between sleep and language can be applied
to how we learn any language， including our mother tongue.Even adults
still learn about one new word every two days in their first language，
but， if we are going to have a firm grasp of that new word， we need to
link it to our existing knowledge.“In order to do that， we need to have
some sleep，” says Gareth Gaskell， a psychology professor at the
University of York.
It’s during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge
happens.At night， one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes
whatever new information it got in the day， and passes it on to other parts
of the brain to be stored.The role that dreams play in this night-time
learning process is still being studied， but it’s entirely possible that
during multilingual dreams， the brain is trying to connect two
languages， according to Marc Zuist， researcher at the University
Hospital of Psychiatry in Switzerland.
So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to
master a new word or phrase， but it could also have an emotional
significance.Danuta Barker， a professor of psycholinguistics （心理语
言学） at the University of Silesia in Poland， suggests that multilingual
dreams can express fears and desires around learning a foreign language，
including the wish to be a native-like speaker or to be accepted within a
certain community.
We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams， but
one thing seems certain： if you’re trying to learn a new language， you
should definitely sleep on it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠和语言之间的
联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。多语梦境
中，大脑试图将两种语言联系起来，这有助于学习一门新的语言。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠和语言之间的
联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。多语梦境
中，大脑试图将两种语言联系起来，这有助于学习一门新的语言。
5. Which of the following does Gareth agree with？
A. Adults are better at learning.
B. We can learn words while sleeping.
C. Our existing knowledge is from dreams.
D. Multilingual dreams have nothing to do with progress.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知，加雷思可能
同意的观点是我们可以在睡觉的时候学习单词。
6. What does the underlined word “integration” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Method. B. Form.
C. Combination. D. Reflection.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，此处为正是在睡眠
期间，新旧知识的整合发生了。由此可知，画线单词integration为
“整合”的意思，与C项Combination意思一致。
7. What does Danuta Barker study？
A. Emotion and dreams.
B. Languages and communities.
C. Universities and courses.
D. Words and expressions.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可推知，努塔·巴克研
究情感和梦的关系。
8. What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. Why we learn a foreign language in the dream.
B. Learning languages is completely from sleeping.
C. Sleeping plays an important part in the development of brains.
D. How multilingual dreams are connected to language learning.
解析： 主旨大意题。全篇文章在介绍梦和语言的联系，研究者
也进行了分析。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是多语言梦境是如何与
语言学习联系在一起的。
C
Speaking two languages deeply affects the brain and changes how the
nervous system reacts to sound， and researches have shown that learning
a foreign language can strengthen brain power， but a new study suggests
that the effects go further to those who begin in middle childhood.
It indicates that people who began learning a foreign language at 10
and were always exposed to the language， meaning they heard and used
it in daily life， had improvements in the structure of the brain’s white
matter compared with people who grew up speaking only one language and
did not learn a foreign language.
These “higher levels of structural integrity （完整性）” were in
areas responsible for language learning and semantic （语义的）
processing， which occurs when the meaning of a word is encoded and
related to similar words with similar meaning.
The new findings， published in the National Academy of Sciences on
Monday， studied brain scans from 200 subjects （接受实验者）， all
around the age of 30， who lived in Britain for at least 13 months.They all
started learning English as a foreign language at the age of 10.
Their imaging scans were compared with people of similar age who
spoke only English.The study was led by Christos of the University of
Kent School of Psychology in Britain.
“Everyday dealing with more than one language benefits specific
language-related brain structures by preserving their integrity， and
therefore it protects them against deterioration in older age，” the study
found.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了10岁时学习一门外
语可以增强脑力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了10岁时学习一门外
语可以增强脑力。
9. Who may have stronger brain power according to the text？
A. A person who learns English as a foreign language.
B. A person who speaks English as a mother language.
C. A person who can speak English well at an early age.
D. A person who hears and uses English in everyday life.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的researches have shown that
learning a foreign language can strengthen brain power可知，把英语
作为外语来学习的人脑力更强。
10. What can we know from 200 subjects’ brain scans？
A. The 200 subjects lived in Britain to learn English.
B. The 200 subjects studied English at the age of 30.
C. The structure of their brains’ white matter improved.
D. The structure of their brains’ white matter disappeared.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段内容可知，我们能
从200名受试者的脑部扫描中了解到这200名受试者的大脑白质结
构得到改善。
11. What does the underlined word “deterioration” in the last paragraph
mean？
A. Evolving. B. Reaction.
C. Worsening. D. Formation.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Everyday dealing with
more than one language benefits specific language-related brain
structures by preserving their integrity可知，这些大脑结构在老年时
会得到保护从而不会恶化。因此画线词意为“恶化”。
12. What’s the text mainly about？
A. Speaking two languages affects the brain seriously.
B. Speaking two languages changes how the brain works.
C. Learning a foreign language can affect people’s childhood.
D. Learning a foreign language at 10 strengthens brain power.
解析： 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出一项新研究发现学习一
门外语能增强脑力。根据第三段最后一句可知，该项研究的对象
都是在10岁时开始学外语。由此可知，文章主要讲述了10岁学一
门外语可以增强脑力。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
At China Daily Learning English， we sometimes get questions like
this： “How can I speak English with more confidence？” 13 .No
matter what language we are learning， we would all love to speak more
confidently.So today， we have three pieces of advice to help you gain
confidence in your English-speaking ability.
Use positive self-talk
Believe it or not， the most important person you talk to every day is
yourself.In other words， it is your thoughts that really matter.So our first
piece of advice is to use positive self-talk.
If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may tell yourself
things like， “ 14 .” When you talk to other people， you may say
things like， “I’m so sorry for my English.” But if you keep thinking
and saying such things， you are sure to start believing them.
So the next time you are using your English， pay attention to what
you tell yourself or others. 15 .
Don’t worry too much
One of the biggest barriers to confidence in speaking a second
language is the constant worry about making mistakes.Understand that
making mistakes is a natural part of the language learning process.Yes，
you will make mistakes. 16 . And many English learners communicate
very well， even with mistakes.Mistakes can be a good thing.The more
mistakes you make， the more progress you will make.
17
If your English-speaking skills are at the beginner or intermediate
（中级的） level and you try to do something too difficult， you may
fail.This can harm your confidence.But， if you do something that
matches your level， you are more likely to do it well.
A. Set realistic goals
B. Build your confidence
C. That is a great question
D. English is too hard and I will never improve
E. It is important to practice speaking English every day
F. But the purpose of speaking a language is to communicate
G. Be sure to replace unhelpful thoughts or ideas with better ones
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何才能自信地说英语
的几种方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何才能自信地说英语
的几种方法。
13. C 上文提出怎样才能更自信地说英语这个问题。C项（这是一个
好问题）承接上文，强调这个问题的重要性。
14. D 根据上文If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may
tell yourself things like推测，空处可能列举你对自己所说的话，D项
（英语太难了，我永远也进步不了）承接上文，这正是我们不自信时
对自己说的话。
15. G 上文提到要注意对自己或别人说的话。G项（一定要用更好的
想法来代替无益的想法）承接上文，符合语境。
16. F 上文说明犯错误是语言学习过程中自然的事情。下文指出即使
有错也能很好地交流。由此可知，F项（但是说一门语言的目的是交
流）承上启下，符合语境。
17. A 设空处为段落小标题。下文说明目标设置不合理会损害自
信。由此可知，该部分的建议是设置合理的目标。A项（设定切合实
际的目标）能概括本段内容，为最佳小标题。
谢谢观看！
