Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Global light pollution has increased by at least 49% over 25 years， new research shows.This data （数据） only includes light which can be seen through satellites， and scientists think the true increase may be significantly higher — up to 270% globally， and 400% in some areas.
This study shows not only how bad light pollution has become as a problem of the whole world， but also that it is continuing to get worse， probably at a faster and faster rate.
The study highlights the “hidden impact （影响）” of the LED technology.LEDs send out more blue light than previous lamp technology， but satellite sensors can’t discover this blue light and so underestimate （低估） the level of emissions （排放物）.The authors say the actual increase in the power sent out by outdoor lighting， and thus of light pollution， may be as high as 270%.“To take the UK as an example， if you pay no attention to the effect of the change to LEDs， you get the false impression that light pollution has recently weakened，” said researcher Dr Sanchez de Miguel.“However， it has really increased， very remarkably.”
Contrary to popular belief， the LED streetlights， while potentially providing some energy savings， has increased light pollution and also the impacts on flying insects.
Ruskin Hartley， Executive Director of the International Dark-Sky Association， said， “Over the past 25 years， the use of LED lighting has been accompanied by rapid increases in light pollution all over the world.”
If no action is taken to change this trend （趋势）， the impact on the natural environment will speed up， further worsening the biodiversity （生物多样性） crisis and wasting energy.Many studies have now shown that light pollution， from streetlights and other sources， can have major impacts on the natural environment.Such pollution is likely to have played a role in the huge decrease in insect populations.
1.How does the author illustrate that light pollution becomes worse？
A.By referring to certain theories. B.By providing comparative data.
C.By listing a lot of opinions. D.By giving some examples.
2.Why was light pollution in the UK underestimated？
A.Emission levels of LEDs are low.
B.Satellite sensors are blind to LEDs.
C.Outdoor lighting is limited in the UK.
D.LEDs are less and less used in the UK.
3.What’s the general belief of LED streetlights？
A.They are good for insects. B.They save lots of energy.
C.They cause light pollution. D.They are environment-friendly.
4.What does the last paragraph focus on？
A.The harm of light pollution. B.The causes of biological crises.
C.The trend of insect populations. D.The importance of the natural environment.
Ⅱ.完形填空
When Arun Krishnamurthy was a teenager， he witnessed a pond near his home filling up with garbage.The 5 to the pond inspired him to become a conservationist.
In 2007， Krishnamurthy 6 the Environmentalist Foundation of India （EFI） — a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds across India.The team works to 7 garbage and restores the natural habitats of birds， frogs and native plants， giving wildlife a chance to 8 .Over the last 13 years， EFI has 9 restoration work on 112 lakes and ponds.
EFI’s 10 goal is to restore lakes and ponds， but the organization’s work also benefits India’s water 11 ， because restoring water bodies helps groundwater recharge.In fact， groundwater is 12 to India， accounting for 80% of its water supply. 13 ， exploitation（开发） — for domestic and agricultural use — is 14 reserves at a worrying rate.
The government needs to 15 ， but Krishnamurthy believes 16 also have a significant role to play.That’s why he wants to raise 17 of water’s importance in people’s daily lives.He points to the fact that groundwater in India is used for free， and a lot of it is 18 .But he feels hopeful not only for India but for the world.He 19 people everywhere to pay attention to the dumping of waste and needs of wildlife.With the “right intentions”， says Krishnamurthy， everyone “can make an impact on our planet”.
5.A.introduction B.reference
C.damage D.response
6.A.founded B.imagined
C.attracted D.understood
7.A.store B.recycle
C.create D.remove
8.A.hide B.return
C.function D.repeat
9.A.given away B.stood up
C.carried out D.put off
10.A.private B.primary
C.financial D.educational
11.A.supply B.color
C.test D.port
12.A.familiar B.available
C.critical D.certain
13.A.However B.Therefore
C.Instead D.Besides
14.A.proving B.calculating
C.managing D.reducing
15.A.make way B.make sense
C.take place D.take action
16.A.members B.individuals
C.farmers D.volunteers
17.A.ability B.conflicts
C.awareness D.standards
18.A.wasted B.discovered
C.studied D.shared
19.A.allows B.convinces
C.forces D.urges
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Mom！” I screamed as I looked through the window， “Why is my Ink Spot sitting in Mrs Cleary’s window？”
Mom pushed past me to confirm it.Sure enough， across the street was Ink Spot cleaning himself in the window of Mrs Cleary’s sitting room.I couldn’t believe my eyes.He was my cat， not Mrs Cleary’s.She had already adopted twelve cats.Why must she keep my cat？I could feel anger boiling up inside me.Meanwhile， Ink Spot’s leaving without any signs upset me.A sense of being left out hit me hard.
Ink Spot was special for me.After my baby sister’s birth， “my” parents’ time was taken by her.It seemed no one in the family cared about or even noticed me.Worse still， I was packed off to a kindergarten.I hated being left out from the bottom of my heart.
It was when Mom noticed me weeping in a corner one night that things began to change.After that， Ink Spot came into my life.Every night， he curled （卷曲） up beside me in bed and he was there for me after school when I raced home just to be with him.
I fell in love with Ink Spot the first time I saw its tiny black and white kitten， for which I called him Ink Spot.Mom and Daddy beamed with pleasure as my eyes danced with joy again.It was the first time that I had smiled since my little baby sister came into the family.As for me， he was more than a cat.Actually， he was my life.
But today when I came home， Ink Spot was in Mrs Cleary’s window.I wanted him back.But Mom insisted that if Ink Spot stayed at Mrs Cleary’s， that meant it was where he wanted to be.“No！Mom， Ink Spot is my cat”， I protested wildly but I had to admit the truth of Mom’s words.Standing on the sidewalk， I was at a loss as to what to do.Staring at Ink Spot for a while， I couldn’t stand the anger any longer.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily.
Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running towards me in a flash.
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，光污染已经成为一个全球性问题，而且还在继续恶化，可能会以越来越快的速度恶化，该研究还强调了LED技术的“隐性影响”。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者通过提供比较数据来说明光污染越来越严重。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的LEDs send out more blue light than previous lamp technology， but satellite sensors can’t discover this blue light and so underestimate （低估） the level of emissions （排放物）.可知，英国的光污染被低估了是因为卫星传感器看不到LED。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，大家对LED路灯的普遍看法是它们节省了大量的能源。
4.A 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段着重论述了光污染的危害。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Arun Krishnamurthy和他的团队清理池塘、湖泊中的垃圾的故事。他呼吁世界各地的人们关注垃圾倾倒和野生动物的需求。
5.C 根据上文he witnessed a pond near his home filling up with garbage可知，他发现他家附近的池塘中满是垃圾，所以此处指对池塘的破坏促使他成为一名自然环境保护主义者。introduction介绍；reference参考；damage破坏；response回应。
6.A 根据空后的the Environmentalist Foundation of India （EFI）可知，2007年，Krishnamurthy建立了一个叫作EFI的组织。found建立，创建；imagine想象；attract吸引；understand理解。
7.D 根据上文a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds across India可知，要修复淡水湖，要先把水中的垃圾去除掉。store贮存；recycle回收；create创建；remove去除，移除。
8.B 根据上文restores the natural habitats of birds， frogs and native plants可知，恢复了鸟类、青蛙和本土植物的栖息地之后，这些野生动物可能会返回。hide隐藏；return返回；function起作用，正常运转；repeat重复。
9.C 这个组织在印度各地修复淡水湖和池塘，所以此处指过去的13年里，他们实施了112个湖泊和池塘的修复工作。give away赠送，分发；stand up站起来；carry out实施；put off推迟。
10.B 根据下文to restore lakes and ponds可知，这个组织的主要目标是恢复湖泊和池塘。private私人的；primary主要的；financial财政的；educational教育的。
11.A 根据下文groundwater recharge可知，此处指水的供应量。supply供应量，储量；color颜色；test测试；port港口。
12.C 根据下文accounting for 80% of its water supply可知，地下水的储量占到印度水的总供应量的80%，所以是非常重要的。familiar熟悉的；available可利用的；critical关键的，极重要的；certain某个的。
13.A 根据下文at a worrying rate可知，尽管地下水的储量大，国内和农业用途的开采正在以令人担忧的速度减少地下水的储量，因而此处与上文属于转折关系。however然而；therefore因此；instead代替；besides而且。
14.D 参见上题解析。prove证明；calculate计算；manage管理，经营；reduce减少。
15.D 印度的地下水的开采正在减少地下水的储量，所以对于这个被印度视为极其重要的问题上，政府需要采取措施。make way给……让道；make sense讲得通，有道理；take place发生；take action采取行动。
16.B 政府需要采取行动，所以此处Krishnamurthy认为个人也要参与。member成员；individual个人；farmer农民；volunteer志愿者。
17.C 此处指通过自己的行动，他想唤起人们对水在人们日常生活中的重要性的认识。raise （one’s） awareness of唤起（某人的）……意识。ability能力；conflict冲突；awareness意识；standard标准。
18.A 根据上文groundwater in India is used for free可知，水的使用是免费的，所以许多人在浪费。waste浪费；discover发现；study研究；share分享。
19.D 根据下文to pay attention to the dumping of waste and needs of wildlife可知，他力劝人们去关注垃圾倾倒和野生动物的需求。allow允许；convince使信服，使确信；force强迫；urge敦促，力劝。
Ⅲ.
参考范文：
I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily.The moment she opened the door， I asked Mrs Cleary with watery eyes， “Why is my cat in your window？” Confused， Mrs Cleary responded， “I didn’t know he was yours.I just thought he was another abandoned cat， so I took him in just like I took in all the rest.If what I did has hurt you， I am awfully sorry.” Then she led me directly to the sitting room， where cats were playing happily.
Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running towards me in a flash.A flood of excitement passed through my body.I immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my chin purring loudly.Seeing my cat well taken care of， I realized I had misunderstood my caring neighbor.Now my anger gave way to gratitude.I thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home， where I thought he should belong.The lost and found companion made me feel I was someone again.
3 / 3Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Step 1 品教材范文 Step 2 析写作手法
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their own tea gardens. There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas， including traditional lemon and ginger， as well as many unusual flavours such as mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and dandelion.Aside from the variety of flavours， herbal tea also has various health benefits.Some can help people relax， and some， like ginger tea， are good for the immune system， while others， such as mint tea， are beneficial for digestion. 【学语言】 本文为概要写作。范文分为三部分，三部分中心内容分别为Their popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits。范文正是从文章中心内容入手，然后用不同的表达，如so ...that ...结构，there be句型等；另外作者用不同的连接词或短语将不同段落的内容连接起来，使文章更加顺畅；除此之外，范文还对信息进行了适当地整合与重组。 【学结构】 读懂原文，归纳大意（Their popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits）→细读段落；明确要点（many people grow their very own tea gardens with easy-to-grow herbs/mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and dandelion/It can be good for digestion）→添加细节，丰富内容→整合句子，重组文章→衔接过渡，连句成篇。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.When some waste chemicals are put into the sea， they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
当一些化学废料被排放到海洋时，它们会伤害或杀死动物和鱼类。
2.As can be seen from the chart， an increasing number of people own mobile phones in China now.
从图表中可以看出，现在中国越来越多的人拥有手机。
3.Nowadays some teenagers prefer to watch TV at home rather than go out for exercise.
如今，一些青少年宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去做运动。
4.Our city has developed into a big one， which is four times the size of what it used to be.
我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的四倍大。
5.The harder you work， the greater progress you will make.
你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。
6.There’s no doubt that it can enhance people’s consciousness of health， but it is likely to result in over anxiety.
毫无疑问，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats， or homelands，are disappearing.Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting locations to stop，rest and feed.The scientists studied the migration， or fight， paths， of almost 1，500 species.They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development.Building and paving have covered over nature where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another.For example， a bird called the bar-tailed godwit migrates from its breeding grounds in the Arctic.It flies all the way to the southern hemisphere in Australia and New Zealand.Along the way，the small birds stop at Yellow Sea mudflats in China， North Korea and South Korea.
One of the scientists working on the study says “many of these critical sites have been lost to land reclamation （开垦） owing to urban， industrial and agricultural expansion.” The problem， according to investigators，is that many of these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest.There is no place to restore their energy for the next leg of their journey.“They simply perish （死亡） along the way，” says one of the scientists.Countries in North Africa， Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time conserving land.The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds.
The researchers say countries need to work together and provide safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries.For example， one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds.But a neighbor country might not.A bird might perish.One scientist tells the Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing， more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.He says small changes — like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be likely to use — could make a big difference.
一、读懂原文，归纳大意
本文是说明文，全文共分四段。每段的主旨大意如下：
第一段：科学家指出世界上大部分的鸟类的生存受到威胁，因为鸟类正在失去它们的栖息地；
第二段：对鸟类最大的威胁来自人类的经济发展；
第三段：因为鸟儿们找不到一个安全的栖息场所，大量的鸟儿死在迁徙的途中；
第四段：呼吁世界各国加强合作，为过境的鸟儿提供一个安全的栖息地。只有这样，才能改变或改善现状。
本文是典型的“总—分—总”的结构，即“提出问题—分析问题—提出解决办法”。文章结构明确，要点清晰。
二、定位主题句，提炼关键信息
在读懂原文，抓住大意的基础上，接下来需要逐段定位每个段落的主题句，并以提纲的形式记录下来。
第一段：Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats，or homelands，are disappearing.
第二段：The major danger for migratory birds is development.
第三段：The problem，according to investigators，is that many of these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest.
第四段：The researchers say countries need to work together and provide safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries.Small changes could make a big difference.
三、整理要点，转换表达
要点1：第一段主题句可概括为要点1。主题句中的bird species are in danger可改为endangered bird species； because their habitats， or homelands， are disappearing可改为短语due to the disappearance of their habitats or homelands。
要点2：第二段主题句可概括为要点2。主题句中的The major danger for migratory birds is development.可运用另一种句式结构变换表达方式，比如：Development accounts for/is to blame for the major danger of migratory birds.
要点3：第三段主题句可概括为要点3。主题句中的because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest可整合为for lacking of a safe eating and resting place。
要点4：第四段主题句可概括为要点4。主题句中的need to work together可用make joint efforts来替换； small changes可改为a little kindness； make a big difference可改为contribute a lot。
四、衔接过渡，连句成篇
情感描写 sheet n.（冰或水等的）一大片 white as a sheet 面无血色 harmony n.融洽相处，和谐
动作描写 prevent v.阻挡，防止 harm v.伤害，损害 wrap v.包，裹 wrap one’s arms around 拥抱 thunder v.打雷；轰隆地响；大声斥责
环境描写 shallow adj.浅的 pleasant adj.令人愉快的 grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的 waterfall n.瀑布 tunnel n.隧道 desert n.沙漠，荒漠 climate n.气候 branch n.树枝
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
盖茨先生如此生气，以至于无法克制住自己的愤怒。他转过身愤怒地大声说，“你最好解释一下发生了什么！”富兰克林躲在门后，变得面无血色。过了很长时间之后，富兰克林终于鼓起勇气走了出来。出乎他预料的是，盖茨先生拥抱了他，小声说，“对不起。你不是故意那样做的。没有什么比你更重要。”
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
四、
Scientists say a large percentage of bird species are endangered due to the disappearance of their habitats or homelands，（要点1） for which development should take the responsibility.（要点2） Also，investigators add that not having a safe eating or resting place is to blame for the death of birds during their immigration.（要点3 ）Thus，countries should make joint efforts to save the birds and a little kindness can contribute a lot.（要点4）
【教材词汇·练续写】
Mr Gates was so angry that he couldn’t contain his anger.He turned around and thundered in anger，“You’d better explain what’s going on！” Hiding himself behind the door，Franklin went white as a sheet.After what seemed for ages，Franklin eventually gathered courage to come out.Quite out of his expectation，Mr Gates wrapped his arms around him，murmuring，“I’m sorry.You didn’t do it by design.Nothing is more important than you.”
3 / 3(共59张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
目 录
2
演练佳作·写美文
1
细品课文·学手法
3
教材词汇·练续写
4
课时检测·提能力
细品课文·学手法
培养思维品质
1
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so
popular that many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their own tea
gardens. There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas， including
traditional lemon and ginger， as well as many unusual flavours such as
mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and
dandelion.Aside from the variety of flavours， herbal tea also has various
health benefits.Some can help people relax， and some， like ginger
tea， are good for the immune system， while others， such as mint tea，
are beneficial for digestion.
Step 1 品教材范文
Step 2 析写作手法
【学语言】
本文为概要写作。范文分为三部分，三部分中心内容分别为Their
popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits。范文正是从文章中心
内容入手，然后用不同的表达，如so ...that ...结构，there be句型
等；另外作者用不同的连接词或短语将不同段落的内容连接起来，使
文章更加顺畅；除此之外，范文还对信息进行了适当地整合与重组。
【学结构】
读懂原文，归纳大意（Their popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits）→细读段落；明确要点（many people grow their very own tea gardens with easy-to-grow herbs/mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and dandelion/It can be good for digestion）→添加细节，丰富内容→整合句子，重组文章→衔接过渡，连句成篇。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1. When some waste chemicals are put into the sea， they can hurt or kill
animals and fish.
当一些化学废料被排放到海洋时，它们会伤害或杀死动物和鱼类。
2. As can be seen from the chart， an increasing number of people own
mobile phones in China now.
从图表中可以看出，现在中国越来越多的人拥有手机。
3. Nowadays some teenagers prefer to watch TV at home rather than go
out for exercise.
如今，一些青少年宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去做运动。
4. Our city has developed into a big one， which is four times the size of
what it used to be.
我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的四倍大。
5. The harder you work， the greater progress you will make.
你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。
6. There’s no doubt that it can enhance people’s consciousness of
health， but it is likely to result in over anxiety.
毫无疑问，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。
演练佳作·写美文
奠定写作功底
2
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because
their habitats， or homelands，are disappearing.Traditional migration
paths take birds through countries that are not protecting locations to
stop，rest and feed.The scientists studied the migration， or fight，
paths， of almost 1，500 species.They decided that 91 percent of them
passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development.Building and
paving have covered over nature where birds stop and feed as they move
from one part of the world to another.For example， a bird called the bar-
tailed godwit migrates from its breeding grounds in the Arctic.It flies all
the way to the southern hemisphere in Australia and New Zealand.Along
the way，the small birds stop at Yellow Sea mudflats in China， North
Korea and South Korea.
One of the scientists working on the study says “many of these
critical sites have been lost to land reclamation （开垦） owing to
urban， industrial and agricultural expansion.” The problem， according
to investigators，is that many of these small birds die along their migration
because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest.There is no place to
restore their energy for the next leg of their journey.“They simply perish
（死亡） along the way，” says one of the scientists.Countries in North
Africa， Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having
the most difficult time conserving land.The scientists say these countries
do not have enough areas that are safe for birds.
The researchers say countries need to work together and provide safe
stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries.For example，
one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds.But a
neighbor country might not.A bird might perish.One scientist tells the Los
Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing， more work can be
done to make urban areas safe for birds.He says small changes — like
planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be
likely to use — could make a big difference.
一、读懂原文，归纳大意
本文是说明文，全文共分四段。每段的主旨大意如下：
第一段：科学家指出世界上大部分的鸟类的生存受到威胁，因为
鸟类正在失去它们的栖息地；
第二段：对鸟类最大的威胁来自人类的经济发展；
第三段：因为鸟儿们找不到一个安全的栖息场所，大量的鸟儿死
在迁徙的途中；
第四段：呼吁世界各国加强合作，为过境的鸟儿提供一个安全的
栖息地。只有这样，才能改变或改善现状。
本文是典型的“总—分—总”的结构，即“提出问题—分析问
题—提出解决办法”。文章结构明确，要点清晰。
二、定位主题句，提炼关键信息
在读懂原文，抓住大意的基础上，接下来需要逐段定位每个段落
的主题句，并以提纲的形式记录下来。
第一段：Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in
danger because their habitats，or homelands，are disappearing.
第二段：The major danger for migratory birds is development.
第三段：The problem，according to investigators，is that many of
these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe
place to eat and rest.
第四段：The researchers say countries need to work together and
provide safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their
boundaries.Small changes could make a big difference.
三、整理要点，转换表达
要点1：第一段主题句可概括为要点1。主题句中的bird species are
in danger可改为endangered bird species； because their habitats， or
homelands， are disappearing可改为短语due to the disappearance of their
habitats or homelands。
要点2：第二段主题句可概括为要点2。主题句中的The major
danger for migratory birds is development.可运用另一种句式结构变换
表达方式，比如：Development accounts for/is to blame for the major
danger of migratory birds.
要点3：第三段主题句可概括为要点3。主题句中的because they
don’t have a safe place to eat and rest可整合为for lacking of a safe
eating and resting place。
要点4：第四段主题句可概括为要点4。主题句中的need to work
together可用make joint efforts来替换； small changes可改为a little
kindness； make a big difference可改为contribute a lot。
四、衔接过渡，连句成篇
Scientists say a large percentage of bird species are endangered due
to the disappearance of their habitats or homelands，（要点1） for which
development should take the responsibility.（要点2） Also，
investigators add that not having a safe eating or resting place is to blame
for the death of birds during their immigration.（要点3 ）Thus，
countries should make joint efforts to save the birds and a little kindness
can contribute a lot.（要点4）
教材词汇·练续写
体现学以致用
3
情感 描写 sheet n.（冰或水等的）一大片
white as a sheet 面无血色
harmony n.融洽相处，和谐
动作 描写 prevent v.阻挡，防止
harm v.伤害，损害
wrap v.包，裹
wrap one’s arms around 拥抱
thunder v.打雷；轰隆地响；大声斥责
环
境 描
写 shallow adj.浅的
pleasant adj.令人愉快的
grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的
waterfall n.瀑布
tunnel n.隧道
desert n.沙漠，荒漠
climate n.气候
branch n.树枝
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以
下语段。
盖茨先生如此生气，以至于无法克制住自己的愤怒。他转过身愤
怒地大声说，“你最好解释一下发生了什么！”富兰克林躲在门后，
变得面无血色。过了很长时间之后，富兰克林终于鼓起勇气走了出
来。出乎他预料的是，盖茨先生拥抱了他，小声说，“对不起。你不
是故意那样做的。没有什么比你更重要。”
Mr Gates was so angry that he couldn’t contain his anger.He
turned around and thundered in anger，“You’d better explain what’s
going on！” Hiding himself behind the door，Franklin went white as a
sheet.After what seemed for ages，Franklin eventually gathered courage
to come out.Quite out of his expectation，Mr Gates wrapped his arms
around him，murmuring，“I’m sorry.You didn’t do it by
design.Nothing is more important than you.”
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Global light pollution has increased by at least 49% over 25 years，
new research shows.This data （数据） only includes light which can be
seen through satellites， and scientists think the true increase may be
significantly higher — up to 270% globally， and 400% in some areas.
This study shows not only how bad light pollution has become as a
problem of the whole world， but also that it is continuing to get worse，
probably at a faster and faster rate.
The study highlights the “hidden impact （影响）” of the LED
technology.LEDs send out more blue light than previous lamp
technology， but satellite sensors can’t discover this blue light and so
underestimate （低估） the level of emissions （排放物）.The authors
say the actual increase in the power sent out by outdoor lighting， and thus
of light pollution， may be as high as 270%.“To take the UK as an
example， if you pay no attention to the effect of the change to LEDs，
you get the false impression that light pollution has recently weakened，”
said researcher Dr Sanchez de Miguel.“However， it has really
increased， very remarkably.”
Contrary to popular belief， the LED streetlights， while potentially
providing some energy savings， has increased light pollution and also the
impacts on flying insects.
Ruskin Hartley， Executive Director of the International Dark-Sky
Association， said， “Over the past 25 years， the use of LED lighting
has been accompanied by rapid increases in light pollution all over the
world.”
If no action is taken to change this trend （趋势）， the impact on
the natural environment will speed up， further worsening the biodiversity
（生物多样性） crisis and wasting energy.Many studies have now shown
that light pollution， from streetlights and other sources， can have major
impacts on the natural environment.Such pollution is likely to have played
a role in the huge decrease in insect populations.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，光污染已经成为一个全
球性问题，而且还在继续恶化，可能会以越来越快的速度恶化，该
研究还强调了LED技术的“隐性影响”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，光污染已经成为一个全
球性问题，而且还在继续恶化，可能会以越来越快的速度恶化，该
研究还强调了LED技术的“隐性影响”。
1. How does the author illustrate that light pollution becomes worse？
A. By referring to certain theories.
B. By providing comparative data.
C. By listing a lot of opinions.
D. By giving some examples.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者通过提供比较
数据来说明光污染越来越严重。
2. Why was light pollution in the UK underestimated？
A. Emission levels of LEDs are low.
B. Satellite sensors are blind to LEDs.
C. Outdoor lighting is limited in the UK.
D. LEDs are less and less used in the UK.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的LEDs send out more blue
light than previous lamp technology， but satellite sensors can’t
discover this blue light and so underestimate （低估） the level of
emissions （排放物）.可知，英国的光污染被低估了是因为卫星传
感器看不到LED。
3. What’s the general belief of LED streetlights？
A. They are good for insects.
B. They save lots of energy.
C. They cause light pollution.
D. They are environment-friendly.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，大家对LED路
灯的普遍看法是它们节省了大量的能源。
4. What does the last paragraph focus on？
A. The harm of light pollution.
B. The causes of biological crises.
C. The trend of insect populations.
D. The importance of the natural environment.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段着重论
述了光污染的危害。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When Arun Krishnamurthy was a teenager， he witnessed a pond
near his home filling up with garbage.The 5 to the pond inspired him
to become a conservationist.
In 2007， Krishnamurthy 6 the Environmentalist Foundation of
India （EFI） — a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds across
India.The team works to 7 garbage and restores the natural habitats of
birds， frogs and native plants， giving wildlife a chance to 8 .Over
the last 13 years， EFI has 9 restoration work on 112 lakes and
ponds.
EFI’s 10 goal is to restore lakes and ponds， but the
organization’s work also benefits India’s water 11 ， because
restoring water bodies helps groundwater recharge.In fact， groundwater
is 12 to India， accounting for 80% of its water supply. 13 ，
exploitation（开发） — for domestic and agricultural use — is 14
reserves at a worrying rate.
The government needs to 15 ， but Krishnamurthy
believes 16 also have a significant role to play.That’s why he wants
to raise 17 of water’s importance in people’s daily lives.He points
to the fact that groundwater in India is used for free， and a lot of it
is 18 .But he feels hopeful not only for India but for the
world.He 19 people everywhere to pay attention to the dumping of
waste and needs of wildlife.With the “right intentions”， says
Krishnamurthy， everyone “can make an impact on our planet”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Arun Krishnamurthy
和他的团队清理池塘、湖泊中的垃圾的故事。他呼吁世界各地的人
们关注垃圾倾倒和野生动物的需求。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Arun Krishnamurthy
和他的团队清理池塘、湖泊中的垃圾的故事。他呼吁世界各地的人
们关注垃圾倾倒和野生动物的需求。
5. A. introduction B. reference
C. damage D. response
解析： 根据上文he witnessed a pond near his home filling up with
garbage可知，他发现他家附近的池塘中满是垃圾，所以此处指对
池塘的破坏促使他成为一名自然环境保护主义者。introduction介
绍；reference参考；damage破坏；response回应。
6. A. founded B. imagined
C. attracted D. understood
解析： 根据空后的the Environmentalist Foundation of India
（EFI）可知，2007年，Krishnamurthy建立了一个叫作EFI的组
织。found建立，创建；imagine想象；attract吸引；understand
理解。
7. A. store B. recycle
C. create D. remove
解析： 根据上文a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds
across India可知，要修复淡水湖，要先把水中的垃圾去除掉。store
贮存；recycle回收；create创建；remove去除，移除。
8. A. hide B. return
C. function D. repeat
解析： 根据上文restores the natural habitats of birds， frogs and
native plants可知，恢复了鸟类、青蛙和本土植物的栖息地之后，
这些野生动物可能会返回。hide隐藏；return返回；function起作
用，正常运转；repeat重复。
9. A. given away B. stood up
C. carried out D. put off
解析： 这个组织在印度各地修复淡水湖和池塘，所以此处指过
去的13年里，他们实施了112个湖泊和池塘的修复工作。give away
赠送，分发；stand up站起来；carry out实施；put off推迟。
10. A. private B. primary
C. financial D. educational
解析： 根据下文to restore lakes and ponds可知，这个组织的主
要目标是恢复湖泊和池塘。private私人的；primary主要的；
financial财政的；educational教育的。
11. A. supply B. color C. test D. port
解析： 根据下文groundwater recharge可知，此处指水的供应
量。supply供应量，储量；color颜色；test测试；port港口。
12. A. familiar B. available
C. critical D. certain
解析： 根据下文accounting for 80% of its water supply可知，地
下水的储量占到印度水的总供应量的80%，所以是非常重要的。
familiar熟悉的；available可利用的；critical关键的，极重要的；
certain某个的。
13. A. However B. Therefore
C. Instead D. Besides
解析： 根据下文at a worrying rate可知，尽管地下水的储量
大，国内和农业用途的开采正在以令人担忧的速度减少地下水的
储量，因而此处与上文属于转折关系。however然而；therefore因
此；instead代替；besides而且。
14. A. proving B. calculating
C. managing D. reducing
解析： 参见上题解析。prove证明；calculate计算；manage管
理，经营；reduce减少。
15. A. make way B. make sense
C. take place D. take action
解析： 印度的地下水的开采正在减少地下水的储量，所以对
于这个被印度视为极其重要的问题上，政府需要采取措施。make
way给……让道；make sense讲得通，有道理；take place发生；
take action采取行动。
16. A. members B. individuals
C. farmers D. volunteers
解析： 政府需要采取行动，所以此处Krishnamurthy认为个人
也要参与。member成员；individual个人；farmer农民；volunteer
志愿者。
17. A. ability B. conflicts
C. awareness D. standards
解析： 此处指通过自己的行动，他想唤起人们对水在人们日
常生活中的重要性的认识。raise （one’s） awareness of唤起（某
人的）……意识。ability能力；conflict冲突；awareness意识；
standard标准。
18. A. wasted B. discovered
C. studied D. shared
解析： 根据上文groundwater in India is used for free可知，水的
使用是免费的，所以许多人在浪费。waste浪费；discover发现；
study研究；share分享。
19. A. allows B. convinces
C. forces D. urges
解析： 根据下文to pay attention to the dumping of waste and
needs of wildlife可知，他力劝人们去关注垃圾倾倒和野生动物的
需求。allow允许；convince使信服，使确信；force强迫；urge敦
促，力劝。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
“Mom！” I screamed as I looked through the window， “Why is
my Ink Spot sitting in Mrs Cleary’s window？”
Mom pushed past me to confirm it.Sure enough， across the street
was Ink Spot cleaning himself in the window of Mrs Cleary’s sitting
room.I couldn’t believe my eyes.He was my cat， not Mrs
Cleary’s.She had already adopted twelve cats.Why must she keep my
cat？I could feel anger boiling up inside me.Meanwhile， Ink Spot’s
leaving without any signs upset me.A sense of being left out hit me hard.
Ink Spot was special for me.After my baby sister’s birth， “my”
parents’ time was taken by her.It seemed no one in the family cared
about or even noticed me.Worse still， I was packed off to a
kindergarten.I hated being left out from the bottom of my heart.
It was when Mom noticed me weeping in a corner one night that
things began to change.After that， Ink Spot came into my life.Every
night， he curled （卷曲） up beside me in bed and he was there for me
after school when I raced home just to be with him.
I fell in love with Ink Spot the first time I saw its tiny black and white
kitten， for which I called him Ink Spot.Mom and Daddy beamed with
pleasure as my eyes danced with joy again.It was the first time that I had
smiled since my little baby sister came into the family.As for me， he was
more than a cat.Actually， he was my life.
But today when I came home， Ink Spot was in Mrs Cleary’s
window.I wanted him back.But Mom insisted that if Ink Spot stayed at
Mrs Cleary’s， that meant it was where he wanted to be.“No！Mom，
Ink Spot is my cat”， I protested wildly but I had to admit the truth of
Mom’s words.Standing on the sidewalk， I was at a loss as to what to
do.Staring at Ink Spot for a while， I couldn’t stand the anger any
longer.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the
door angrily.
Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running
towards me in a flash.
参考范文：
I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the
door angrily.The moment she opened the door， I asked Mrs Cleary with
watery eyes， “Why is my cat in your window？” Confused， Mrs
Cleary responded， “I didn’t know he was yours.I just thought he was
another abandoned cat， so I took him in just like I took in all the rest.If
what I did has hurt you， I am awfully sorry.” Then she led me directly
to the sitting room， where cats were playing happily.
Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running
towards me in a flash.A flood of excitement passed through my body.I
immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my
chin purring loudly.Seeing my cat well taken care of， I realized I had
misunderstood my caring neighbor.Now my anger gave way to gratitude.I
thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home， where I
thought he should belong.The lost and found companion made me feel I
was someone again.
谢谢观看！
