课件16张PPT。现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时
（1）构成:现在完成时由“have/has+ 动词的过去分词”构成。
现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式（以动词study为例）：
肯定式: I (You) have studied.
He (She, It) has studied.
We (You, They) have studied.
否定式: I (You) have not/haven’t studied.
He (She, It) has not/hasn’t studied.
We (You, They) have not/ haven’t studied.
疑问式：Have I (you) studied?
Yes, you (I) have./No, you (I) haven’t.
Has he (she, it) studied?
Yes, he(she, it) has.／No, he(she, it) hasn’t.
Have we(you, they) studied?
Yes, you (we, they) have.
No, you (we, they) haven’t.（2）用法
a.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：
I have opened the window.我已经把窗户打开了。（窗户是开着的）
The concert has started.音乐会已经开始（音乐会现在在进行）
They have gone to Shanghai.他们已去上海了（他们不在这里）
【注意】不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1980, three days ago, just now, when I came in等连用。但可以和一些不确定的时间状语，如already, yet
sometimes, often, before, lately, once, never,
just, ever等连用；也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如this morning, today, this
week, this year等连用。例如:
She has already come.她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet.我还没有读过这个
Have you ever seen each other before?你们见过面吗？ b.表示过去已经开始、持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）动作或状态，常和表示一段时间状语，如:today, these days, since…,for…,this month, now等连用。例如:
I have studied English for two years.
我学英语已经两年了。
They have lived in Beijing since 1980.
他们自1980年就一直住在北京。
We’ve known each other since we were children.我们从小就认识。 英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是终止性动词。延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work, read, write, study等。这些动词的完成时可以和段时间状语连用。终止性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come, go, buy, die, join, begin等。这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。在b用法中要用延续性动词代替终止性动词。
She has been back for two years.(正）
She has come back for two years（误）
终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可以和段时间状语连用。如：
I haven’t seen him for ages.我好久没见到他了。（现在仍没见到他）1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just, already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。例如：
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.
⑤ I’ve just lost my math book. 助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词
注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。构成
&
用法2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）一段时间的表达方法有两种:
for +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years 过去的某一时刻, since last week
一般过去时态的时间状语从句
since you came, since you got home.注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.对划线部分提问都用How longsince
3. have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：
★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 例如：
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。
（人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。
（人已走，不在这儿）。一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具体的时间状语。
◎ 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already等。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。现在完成时与瞬间动词 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：
一、用ago,使用一般过去时。
He left here three years ago.
二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ”
It is three years since he left here.
三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句 Three years have passed since he left here.现在完成时“三看三用”一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：
I have visited the factory.
I visited the factory last year.
二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：
－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.
－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.
注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：
How many words have you learned by heart?
How did you learn them by heart?
三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：
He has been a league member for two months.
He joined the Youth League two months ago.
( )1.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
( ) 2. —I have watched the game.
—When ____ you ____ it?
A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch( )3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
( )4. His grandma ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BCBDPracticeThank you!Unit 2 Lesson 12 Karen’s Hair Stood Up! 习题 1
一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1. My daughter wants to be an a_______ because she loves drawing very much.
2. F_____, we decided to eat at a Chinese restaurant.
3. Mary r_____ me of my best friend.
4. She put her book b_____ a bag.
二、介词填空。
1. Today we gave our talks _______ the class _______ our favourite subject.
2. My group talked ________ our favourite subject.
3. Mine was a picture ________ the ocean.
4. It looks _________ a very big city!
5. She also read some letters and e-mails _________ her friend _______ China, Li Ming.
6. She could also make her hair stand up _____ the comb.
Unit 2 Lesson 12 Karen’s Hair Stood Up! 习题 2
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. They might be___________(surprise) at the news.
2. Everyone ______ (be) good students in our class.
3. Mr.Wood _______ (give) us a talk yesterday.
4. In our English class, we often have d__________ in groups.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Today is June 1st. It’s ________ (child) Day.
2. My favourite subject is social ________ (study).
3. Lily’s class ________ (learn) some English songs.
4. —How long _______ your family _______ (live) in Shijiazhuang? —For five years.
5. When we studied in China, our teacher ________ (take) us to a Chinese restaurant.
Unit 2 Lesson 12 Karen’s Hair Stood up! 教案
Ⅰ. Learning aims:
1. To master the new words and useful expressions:
mine, ocean, remind, finally, discussion.
2. To master the usage of “Present Perfect Tense.”
3. To know about “each, everyone, every one.”
Ⅱ. Learning important points:
The using of “each, everyone, every one.”
Ⅲ. Learning difficult points
To master the usage of “Present Perfect Tense.”
Ⅳ. Learning method
Listen, say, read and write.
Ⅴ. Learning instruments
Recorder, audiotape and multimedia.
Ⅵ. Learning procedures
1. Opening class
1) Greet the students in everyday English.
2) Duty report
2. New lesson
Step 1 Presentation
Learning aims:
1) Learn some new words.
2) Grasp the usage of “Present Perfect Tense”.
3) Learning the lesson and the using of “each, everyone, every one ”.
Step 2 Learning the new words
1) Learn the words by themselves.
2) Ask some students to read and write the words.
3) Check the students the key words by filling in the blanks with some pictures.
Step 3 Leading in
1. Have you done anything interesting this week?
2. What have you done in your favourite lesson?
Step 4 Listening
Let students listen to the tape twice, then finish exercise 1. Check the answers together.
Step 5 Reading
Reading the Lesson silently and mark the points you don’t understand.
Step 6 Explain language points
1. 1) have been in + 地点，表示“在某地呆了多久”。
2) have been in + 地点,常和时间段连用。
have been to + 地点, 常和次数连用。
have gone to + 地点,表示结果。
2. Each of +n. 意为“每个…..”，做主语时动词用单数形式。
3. Everyone was very surprised. Everyone意为“每个人”,相当于everybody, 做主语时动词用单数形式.
Step 7 Listening
Let students listen to the tape twice, then finish Let’s Do It! No.2.
Ⅶ. Homework
Finish off the exercises of lesson12 in Exercise Book.
Do reflection after class.
课件16张PPT。Lesson 12
Karen’s Hair Stood Up!课前检测：1、learn about
2、最有趣
3、take sb. to +地点
His father often _____(take) him to the park on Sunday.
4、My family has lived in Canada for six years.(提问）
_____ ______ has my family lived in a Canda ?
5、He showed us some pictures of different places in China.
(同义句）
6、母亲节
7、父亲节
8、儿童节
通过某种途径获得The most interestingtakesHow longMother’s DayFather’s DayChildren’s DayRead with partner When you read ,draw the lines under the words that you can’t understand.
Read and answer1、What did Brian and his classmates do at school？
2、What did Jenny do in class?
3、Who could make her hair stand up with the comb?
4、At last, where did they go? And what did Danny do?
Read quickly and answer the questions:artsocial studiesphysicsP.E.Brian’s groupJenny and Bill’s groupKaren and Jack’s groupDanny and Lisa’s groupFavorite Subjects 1. How many groups are mentioned(被提到) in the diary? What are they? 2. What are their favourite subjects?Language pointseveryone与every one
everyone=everybody是代词，是“每个人；人人；大家”的意思，不指具体哪一个人，作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
Everyone can do it．谁都可以做此事。
Everyone is here except Tom．除汤姆外大家都到了。(2)everyone只能指人，不能指物；every one既可人，也可指物。如：
Every one／Everyone in our class likes playing football．
我们班人人喜欢踢足球。
There is something wrong with every one of the bikes．
每辆自行车都有毛病。(3)every one可以和of连用构成短语，而everyone
则不能。
如：
Every one of us is getting ready for the exam．
我们每个人都在为考试做准备。
each作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
There are many people there，each has a newspaper．
那里有许多人，每人有一张报纸。
Each of us goes to school on foot．
我们每个人都步行上学。each作定语时，后接单数可数名词，谓语动词也用
单数。这时的each是形容词。
Each student has a dictionary．
每个学生都有一本字典。
each作状语。
You will choose a card each．
你们每人可以挑一张卡片。
Have a tryWork in Groups. Discuss your favourite
subject. Then present it to the class.课堂小结1、形容词修饰不定代词的用法
2、have been in+地点
3、take sb to +地点
4、remind sb of sb/sth
5、surprise、surprised、surprising的用法
6、stay heathy根据课文内容，用适当的介词填空
We talked _______ the class _______ our favourite subject.
2. My group talked ________ art.
3. My family took a trip ________ the ocean.
4. The picture reminds me_________that holiday.
5. She also read some letters and e-mails _________ her .
friend _______ China, Li Ming.
6. She could also make her hair stand up _____ the comb.
toaboutinwithabouttooffromHomework Retell the diary:The golden age is before us, not behind us.
黄金时代在我们面前而不在我们背后。Thank you!课件18张PPT。Unit 2
Lesson 12
Karen’s Hair Stood Up!Talk about the favourite subjects
Do you like your school?
Is there anything interesting in your class?a picture of the oceanhave a discussionread aloud
2011年5月23日 星期一 晴
今天,我学着在家里帮妈妈包粽子。这粽子还真大。虽然没有熟,不过看着油油的样子真想吃一口。我学着妈妈一步一步的进行下去,妈妈很耐心的教我,每当我做对了一步,妈妈那和蔼的笑容便浮上脸颊。我的心里暖滋滋的。终于,我的第一个“作品”完成了。真是棒极了。中文日记的写法Friday January 28, 2011 sunny It doesn’t matter that the air-conditioner has been broken. But my notebook-computer was also broken. I really don’t know what to do. So I went to play basketball. At first, there was no person playing basketball. So I played basketball alone. A few minutes later, some students came to play. So we played together. Of course, we had a match. And it lasted two hours. After the match, I was too tired. 英文日记的写法
1. 年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：December 18, 2011或者Dec. 18, 2011. 星期和日期写在左上角，天气写
在右上角,日期格式用月日年(美式)或
日月年（英式）都可以。日记格式 2. 如果要写星期，星期要紧挨日期，它既可以放在日期前面，也可以放在日期后面，星期也可以省略不写。星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。例如：Thursday Dec. 22, 2011或Dec. 22，2011 Thursday。
3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如:Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Snowy等表示。天气通常位于日记的右上角。 Read quickly and answer the questions:artsocial studiesphysicsP.E.Brian’s groupJenny and Bill’s groupKaren and Jack’s groupDanny and Lisa’s groupFavorite Subjects 1. How many groups are mentioned(被提到) in the diary? What are they? 2. What are their favourite subjects? Read carefully and try to fill in the table: bring a picture of the oceanplay some Chinese music,
read some letters and e-mails from her friend in Chinashow the class
lots of photographs of Beijingput some very small tea leaves on the deskcomb her hair ten times very quickly,
put the comb beside the tea leavesplay basketballshow them some exercises1. We each brought a painting to class．
each作主语的同位语，放在主语的后面，此时的主语和谓语都用复数形式。
Eg：They each want to sign the paper．
他们每个人都想在纸上签名。Language Points①each作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
Eg: There are many people there，each has a newspaper．
那里有许多人，每人有一张报纸。
②each作定语时，后接单数可数名词，谓语动词也用单数。这时的each是形容词。
Eg: Each student has a dictionary．
每个学生都有一本字典。
③each作状语。
Eg: You will choose a card each．
你们每人可以挑一张卡片。2.The picture always reminds me of that holiday.
(1)remind sb. of sth. 意为“使某人想起某事”。
Eg：This book reminds me of my father.
这本书使我想起了我的父亲。
(2) make sb．remember sth. = remind sb. of sth．使某人想起某事。
3. Everyone was very surprised.
(1). everyone = everybody表示 “每人，人人，只能指人”。everyone 作主语时或“every+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg：Everyone has beautiful bags in our school.
(2). every one 即可指人，也可指物。后常接 “of +名词或代词的复数”，强调整体中的每个人。
Eg： Every one of us is going to Shanghai.everyone与every one
(1)everyone=everybody是代词，是“每个人；人人；大家”的意思，不指具体哪一个人，作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
Eg: Everyone can do it．
谁都可以做此事。
Everyone is here except Tom.
除汤姆外大家都到了。(2)everyone只能指人，不能指物；every one既可人，也可指物。
Eg: Every one/Everyone likes playing football．
人人喜欢踢足球。
There is something wrong with every one of the bikes．
每辆自行车都有毛病。
(3)every one可以和of连用构成短语，而everyone则不能。
Eg: Every one of us is getting ready for the exam．
我们每个人都在为考试做准备。4. Everyone was very surprised.
(1). surprised 意为“对……感到惊讶”,主语一般是人
Eg: We are surprised at the good news.
听到这好消息，我们都很惊讶。
(2). surprising 意为“令人惊奇的”,多形容事物的特点。
Eg: It is a surprising game.
这是场出乎意料的比赛。
6. Finally, Danny and Lisa presented their favourite subject.
finally, at last 和 in the end三者皆可为“最后”。
finally,表示动作发生的顺序在最后，一般放在句首at last 经过一定的困难之后，强调努力的结果。
Eg: I hope that everyone is good in the end.
Did the man in the shop understand him at last.
Finally he went to see the famous man himself. ※Write a letter to your best friend in English,
and tell him/her about your lessons and what
did you do in the class.
※Talk with your classmates.HomeworkThank you!
