2025年高一英语初升高衔接复习 句子成分 课件1(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
主语（Subject)
01
主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词以及动词 ing形式等充当。
The students are listening to me carefully.
I have good news to tell you.
Running is good for our health.
What impresses me most is their colorful after-class activities.
It was interesting to learn about the history of this place.
用 it 做形式主语翻译下列句子。
1.在河边玩耍很危险。
2.失败后哭是没有用的。
3. 碰巧我认识他。
It happens that I know him.
It is dangerous to play by the river.
It is no use crying after failure.
练一练
1. Drinking does harm to your health.
找出下列句子的主语，并说明是由什么充当的主语。
2. The meeting starts with a speech by the President.
3. To have good health is extremely important.
4. What caused the fire remains unknown.
5. Five are killed in the accident.
动名词
名词
不定式
从句
数词
6. Both he and his father were there.
名词性的词组
7.The poor are in need of help.
名词化的形容词
谓语（Predicate）
02
谓语用来说明主语的状态或行为动作。谓语主要由动词或动词短语充当。谓语有时态、语态、主谓一致的变化。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。
(1)简单谓语：由一个实义动词或动词短语构成。
He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
(2)复合谓语：
①由情态动词、be动词或其他助动词加动词原形或动词的其他形式构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可借两周。
The students are playing basketball.学生们在打篮球。
②由系动词加表语构成。
We are students.我们是学生。
常见系动词：
（1）“状态”类：be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
（2）“持续”类：keep, stay, remain等
（3）“表象”类：seem, appear等
（4）“感官”类：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
（5）“变化”类：become, get, turn，grow, go, come, fall, run
（6）“证明”类：prove, turn out（结果是）
常见的系表结构短语：
come true, fall ill, go bad/blind/deaf, keep fit, go hungry等
练一练
找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成。
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The old man died the next day.
3. We have finished reading this book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. She felt very cold at that time.
6. He doesn’t like folk music.
系动词+表语
实义动词
助动词+过去分词
情态动词+动词原形
系动词+表语
助动词+动词原形
1．①He ②has_become more and more interested in English.
2．①The_living ②should_go_on_with his work.
3．①The_child ②has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.
4．①To_see ②is_to_believe.
5．①It ②is_necessary ③to_help_him_out.
6．①Four_plus_Five ②is_nine.
7．①He ②can_swim very well.
8．①Playing_football in the street ②is_dangerous.
1．He has become more and more interested in English.
2．The living should go on with his work.
3．The child has been brought up by his grandmother.
4．To see is to believe.
5．It is necessary to help him out.
6．He can swim very well.
7．Playing football in the street is dangerous.
指出下列句子中的主语和谓语。
宾语(Object)
03
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词后面。
He is going to buy a dictionary.(动词的宾语)
他打算买本字典。
We should learn from him.
我们应向他学习。(介词的宾语)
宾语种类：
(1)双宾语：间接宾语＋直接宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物。
Lend me your book, please. 把你的书借给我用一用。
(2)复合宾语：宾语＋宾补。
We elected him monitor. 我们选他为班长。
宾语种类
练一练
1.I want to visit the museum.
2.I enjoy listening to popular music.
3.I think that he is fit for the job.
4.I find it hard to learn English.
5.We should help the poor.
6.I don’t know where to go.
找出句中的宾语并写出类型。
the museum 名词
listening 现在分词
that he is fit for the job 宾语从句
it 形式宾语
to learn English 真正宾语
the poor 相当于名词的词
where to go 从句
定语(Attribute)
04
定语起修饰、限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语时，往往放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。
Dalian is a beautiful city. 大连是一个美丽的城市。
Is there any difference between spoken English and written English 英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？
I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。
例句感知
1.The black bike is mine.
2.What’s your name
3.They made some paper flowers.
4.The boys in the room are in Class Three，Grade One.
5.I have a lot of homework to do.
6.The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.
7.There are fallen leaves on the ground.
形容词
代词
名词
介词短语
不定式
从句
过去分词
练一练
1. She likes pink coats best.
2. There are hundreds of teenagers.
3. The dog running after the cat belongs to Miss Li.
4. This is the school that I want to go.
5. The boy crying over there is my sister.
6. The man who visited our class yesterday is warm-hearted.
找出句中的定语。
状语(Adverbial)
05
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。状语的位置很灵活：一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首或句中。
I'm very pleased to see you.
见到你我非常高兴。
I'll be back in a while.
我一会儿就回来。
We go home twice a month.
我们每月回家两次。
练一练
1.I will be back in a minute.
2.They are playing on the playground.
3.He was late because he got up late.
4.I got up so late that I missed the train.
5.He often went to school by bike.
6. Please call me if it is necessary.
7.He went to school in spite of bad weather.
8.To make his dream come true, Tom works harder.
找出句中的状语，并说明其充当的是什么状语。
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
结果状语
方式状语
条件状语
让步状语
目的状语
宾语补足语(Object Complement)
06
宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等)＋宾语＋宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等等充当。
They painted their boat white.他们把船涂成白色。
Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.你绝不可强迫他借钱给你。
We saw her entering the room.我们看见她进入了房间。
We found everything in the lab in good order.
我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。
练一练
1.We can’t leave him alone.
2.I regard him as my best friend.
3.The farmer asked us to have dinner.
4.I saw her playing on the playground.
5.She spoke loudly to make herself heard.
找出句中的宾语补足语，并说明是由什么充当的。
形容词
介词短语
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
表语(Predicative)
07
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质、职业、数量、处所等，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。
1.You look younger than before.
2.My father is a teacher.
3.My job is to teach them English.
4.That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
练一练
改正下列句子中的错误。
1. His job is train swimmers.
2. He seems interesting in the plans.
3. The cake smells nicely.
is后加to
interested
nice
1．He is a lovely boy.
2. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
3．He is playing happily.
4．I shall go there if it doesn't rain.
5．The story happened in Beijing.
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。
定语
定语 定语
状语
状语
状语
6．He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
7．His coming late made his teacher unhappy.
8．Please keep the dog out.
9．When he woke up, he found himself under the bed.
10. She looks unhappy today.
状语
宾补
宾补
宾补
表语
11. He remained in poor health all those years.
12. I like listening to popular music.
13. They visited an exhibition yesterday.
14. My job is to teach English.
表语
宾语
表语
宾语
同位语（Appositive）
08
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词，对句子中的名词（短语）或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位。英语句子表达中一般是没有同位语的，如果要对前面的名词的具体内容作进一步的说明，这时候就需要同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
1.We young people should respect the old.（名词）
2.He himself will do the experiment.（代词）
3.He is the oldest among them five. （数词）
4.News came that our team won the game. （从句)
感 谢 观 看
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