2025届福建省福州高级中学高三英语科校本作业 必修第三册Unit4 Space Exploration单元练习（含答案）

福州高级中学2024—2025学年高三英语科校本作业
必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration单元练习
（建议完成时间40分钟）
Ⅰ 单词填空
1. Arrow would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for _______________(重力,引力）, which brings them down to earth.
2. It seems that I need more money to satisfy all my d____________.
3. With ______ (足够的） language input, I'm sure you can learn English effectively.
4. There are already many devices on the market that claim to ___________ (监控）and aid sleep.
5. He headed to the window and shut it. _______________(否则）,it would be too cold for him to stay there.
6. The passage is an _______ (分析) of the_________(当前的）problems in teaching.
7. Abruptly, the engine roared, and the _______________(车辆）leapt forward.
8. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was_____________(超出）our range, so we declined.
9. We used to see each other ___________(定期地），but I haven't heard from him since last year.
10. We have _______________ (启动）a campaign to support the sustainable(可持续的) use of the _______________(有限的）natural _______________(资源）.
Ⅱ 短语检测
be disappointed with on board be curious about provide...with/for...
attach importance to carry on so as to figure out in the hope of
in closing in an effort to as a result run out despite the fact that
1. I'm wiring to you ________________obtaining some information related to the selection procedure on astronauts.
2. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and _______________her super work
3. Today scientists are experimenting with recycling these material ________reduce waste.
4. Have the passengers gone ______________ yet The plane to Mexico is about to take off.
5. It didn't take the intelligent child long _______________the correct answer to the difficult question.
6. _______________ persuade us to buy their products, advertisers have made a close study of human nature.
7. Little children _________________ the world and they are always asking various questions out of curiosity.
8. At the meeting, we talked about the problems that existed in our class.________________ ,we brought up some practical solutions.
9. Nowadays the media _____________ plenty of information ______________ people, some of which are false.
10.________________his poor performance in the exam, the teacher asked the student to keep the right procedure for solving math problems in mind.
11. Time _________________ for the trapped miners.
12. The majority of parents _________________education.
13. He made a serious mistake, and, __________________, lost his job.
14. She was good at physics ___________________ she found it boring.
Ⅲ 单句语法填空
1. Why do you turn to me when you can work out the problem
(independent)
2. Though the Internet is beneficial, we should use our ( intelligent ) and not be a slave to it!
3. Al has an unlimited number of applications, from autonomous
(vehicle) to domestic robots .
4. I am (determine) to concentrate all my energy on study.
5. They tended to lose cognitive functions at a much slower rate than those with the least ( mental ) challenging jobs.
6. She was tired of the life in the countryside and desired
(go) out to the city.
7. All passengers board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.
8. our disappointment, we hurried to the museum yesterday morning, only to find it was closed for construction work.
9. He stood up, signaling the officer that he had finished with his client.
10. Most parents think their approaches to raising children different from
of their parents.
Ⅳ 翻译句子
这个国家大部分的年轻人都渴求知识。（名词 desire )
Most young people in the country
.
即使有困难，他们依然会坚持做志愿工作。( carry on )
Even if there is difficulty , they will still
.
《大白鲨》获得了巨大的成功，吸引了大批观众，并赢得了许多奖项。（现在分词）
Jaws was a great success , attracting huge audiences and
.
要想成功，首先要做的就是对自己的行为负责。（动词不定式作后置定语）
To be successful , is that you should be responsible for your actions .
许多年轻人涌向大城市，这是因为那里有很多工作机会。（表语从句）
Many young people flock to big cities. there are many job opportunities.
V 课文语法填空
Humans have always looked up at the stars and wanted to learn more about space. 1 ( determine ) to find out the secrets of the universe, scientists work hard to make 2 ( vehicle ) to carry people into space.
In the mid-20th century, rockets that were powerful enough to overcome Earth's gravity were developed, making space exploration 3 reality. On 4 October, 1957, the USSR successfully launched the first satellite into space. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human 4 ( travel ) into space. 20 July, 1969 was a 5 (history) day for space travel; astronaut Neil Armstrong walked on the surface of the moon.
Although China' s space programme started later 6 those of Russia and the US, it has made great progress in a short time. In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, 7 made China the third country in the world to 8 (independent) send humans into space. More recently, China has made history by landing Chang' e 4 on the far side of the moon.
However, accidents that result 9 the deaths of the astronauts still happen, despite scientists' efforts to make sure nothing goes wrong. But the desire to explore space never 10 (fade) away. Europe, the US, and China all have plans to explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. So the future of space exploration remains bright.
VI阅读七选五（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）
According to neuroscientist Shirley Mueller, collecting feeds the pleasure center of the brain, but without the drawbacks of alcohol, gambling, or nicotine.
1 More than 100,000 years ago, our ancestors searched for crystals, shells, and other objects just as seeking for food. In modern times, while some people collect as a statement of who they are, others collect as an investment or a source of pleasure.
“While the motivations to collect are varied, 2 ” says Brandon Schmeichel, a comic book collector and a psychology professor. That distinguishes collecting from storing up. In terms of it, stuff is obtained indiscriminately (不加区分地). Instead of creating a sense of self-worth, the behavior typically makes those who are accustomed to it feel bad about themselves.
“ 3 You have to figure out where you can find the desired items, what they’ re worth, and how you will organize and display your collections,” Mueller says. “Those activities stimulate areas of the brain involved in executive functioning, skills that include working memory, multitasking, and impulse-control.”
On a physiological level, research shows that tangible objects have unique effects on brain functions. Visualizing objects stimulates many areas of the brain at the same time. Each object is associated with a person, experience, or moment in time. In that way, collections act as a physical time machine. 4 “This sort of collecting facilitates one’s recall about the past,” Schmeichel says. Collecting also seems to hit fundamental psychological needs. “Collectors often report that the friendship of other collectors is one of the most rewarding aspects of collecting,” Schmeichel reports in Leisure Sciences. Interacting with sellers, other collectors, or even admirers of your collection can also serve as a foundation for relationship-building. 5
A．Every item is a signal for your memory.
B．Collecting requires attaining knowledge.
C．they typically center around developing a more positive sense of self.
D．Of course, collecting is not a new phenomenon.
E．It also functions as a way that actually doesn’t cost much.
F．It can cultivate both a sense of belonging and individuality.
G．collecting can stimulate people to concentrate on their mind.
*Ⅶ 语法填空 （2024·四川达州·一模）
The tadpole-shaped, half transparent snailfish, probably live 8,336 meters below the surface, 21 (take) the world by surprise. Scientists 22 (astonish) to spot such creatures while exploring near Japan. 23 (photograph) the fish better, they sent down an underwater “lander” fully equipped to the seafloor. “Each trench (海沟) has its own snailfish,” Jamieson concluded, “Once they’ve evolved to cope in a trench, they cannot move at will.”
“If anyone does find fish any 24 (deep), it will not be by much,” said Alan Jamieson of the University of Western Australia, who 25 (lead) the team. The previous record holder filmed was at 8,178 meters deep down in 2017.
Fish can tolerate extreme pressures due to the cellular compounds called Osmolytes, 26 increase at greater depths to absorb such bone-crushing pressures but reach their maximum at about 8,400 meters, the theoretical limit of fish physiology. One 27 (research) was surprised that the fish could survive at 800 times the surface’s water pressure. “At that point everything 28 gas exchange for breathing to nearly every physiological function seems impossible,” he commented.
Jamieson discovered the farthest spot of the trench reach about 1.7 degrees Celsius, slightly warmer compared with the neighboring Mariana Trench. Osmolytes are figured to be less 29 (effect) at low temperatures, while these snailfish live near the edge of 30 is possible. “This little fraction of a degree,” he added, “counts much to marine animals.”
单词拼写
1. gravity 2. desires 3. sufficient 4. monitor 5. Otherwise 6. analysis, current 7. vehicle 8. beyond 9. regularly 10. launched, limited, resources
短语检测
1. in the hope of 2. carry on 3. so as to 4. on board 5. to figure out 6. In an effort to 7. are curious about 8. In closing 9. provide, for 10. Disappointed with
11. is running out 12. attach importance to 13. as a result 14. despite the fact that
单句语法填空
1.independently句意为：既然你能独立地解决这个问题，为什么还要找我帮忙？此处修饰动词短语 work out ，应用副词作状语。
2. intelligence 句意为：虽然互联网是有益的，但我们应该利用我们的智慧，并且不应成为它的奴隶！设空处作 use 的宾语且空前有形容词性物主代词，应用名词。故填 intelligence 。
3. vehicles 句意为：从自动驾驶汽车到家用机器人，人工智能的用途是无限的。 vehicle 为可数名词，设空处与 robots 为平行结构，应用 vehicle 的复数形式。
4.determined句意为：我决心把全部精力集中在学习上。 be determined to do sth 意为"下定决心做某事"，故填 determined 。
5. mentally 句意为：他们失去认知功能的速度往往比那些从事脑力挑战性最低的工作的人要慢得多。设空处修饰形容词 challenging ，故填副词 mentally 。
6.to go 句意为：她厌倦了乡村生活，渴望外出到城市去。 desire to do sth 为固定搭配，意为"渴望做某事"。故填 to go 。
7.on句意为：飞机起降时，机上所有乘客都应系好安全带。 on board 为固定搭配，在此处意为"在飞机上"。故填 on 。
8.To句意为：令我们失望的是，昨天上午我们匆匆赶到博物馆，却发现博物馆因施工而闭馆。 to one ' s disappointment 为固定短语，意为"令某人失望的是"。故填 To 。
9.to句意为：他站起身来，向警官示意他已经和他的当事人谈完了。 signal to sb 为固定搭配，意为"示意某人"。故填 to 。
10 those 句意为：大多数父母认为他们抚养孩子的方法与他们父母的（方法）不同。为避免重复，代指前文出现的 approaches 应用 those 。
翻译句子
1.have a desire for knowledge
2. carry on doing voluntary / volunteer work
3. winning many awards
4. the first thing to do
5. This / lt is because
课文内容填空
1. Determined be determined to do something为固定搭配，此处为形容词短语作状语。故填 Determined 。
2.vehicles vehicle为可数名词，此处表示复数含义，故应用复数形式。
3.a此处为" make ＋宾语＋宾补"结构， reality 意为"现实存在"时为可数名词，此处表泛指，其前应用不定冠词 a 。 make sth a reality 意为"使某事成为现实"。
4.to travel 名词前有 the first 修饰，其后应用不定式作定语。
5.historic设空处修饰名词，应用形容词形式，此处表示"历史上重要的"，故填 historic 。
6. than
7. which 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，代指前面整个主句。故填 which 。
8. independently 设空处修饰动词 send ，应用副词。
9. in
10.fades设空处在此是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，此处在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填 fades 。
七选五
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了收集物品这一行为对人类大脑和心理的积极作用。
1．根据后文“More than 100,000 years ago, our ancestors searched for crystals, shells, and other objects just as seeking for food.(10万多年前，我们的祖先就像寻找食物一样寻找晶体、贝壳和其他东西。)”可知，此处强调了有关收集行为的历史内容，此空需要一个句子来引出下文关于收集行为历史的内容。D选项“Of course, collecting is not a new phenomenon.(当然，收集并不是一个新现象。)”正好符合这一需求，既承接了上文关于收集行为对大脑有益的描述，又引出了下文关于收集行为历史的介绍。故选D。
2．根据前文“While the motivations to collect are varied(虽然收集的动机各不相同)”可知，此处强调收集的动机各有不同，设空处应该与前文构成转折关系，强调虽然收集的动机各不相同，但是却有着共同点。C选项“they typically center around developing a more positive sense of self.(它们通常围绕着培养更积极的自我意识。)”中的they指代前文的motivations，与前文构成转折关系，指出收集动机虽然各有不同，但是通常围绕着培养更积极的自我意识，该选项符合语境，故选C。
3．根据后文“You have to figure out where you can find the desired items, what they’re worth, and how you will organize and display your collections(你必须弄清楚在哪里可以找到你想要的东西，它们的价值，以及你将如何组织和展示你的收藏)”可知，此处指出必须弄清楚在哪儿可以找到自己想要的东西，它的价值以及如何组织和展示，由此强调收集需要相应的知识。B选项“Collecting requires attaining knowledge.(收集需要获取知识。)”引出了下文关于收集过程中需要掌握的知识和技能，符合语境。故选B。
4．根据前文“In that way, collections act as a physical time machine.(这样，收集就像一台物理的时间机器。)”可知，此处强调收集好像是一台物理的时间机器。同时根据后文““This sort of collecting facilitates one’s recall about the past,” Schmeichel says.(“这种收集有助于人们回忆过去，”舒梅切尔说。)”可知，此处强调收集行为对记忆的促进作用的描述。A选项“Every item is a signal for your memory.(每一件物品都是你记忆的信号。)”既与上文提到的收集行为好像是一个时光机相呼应，同时又与下文内容即收集可以让人回到过去相呼应，该选项符合语境。故选A。
5．根据前文“Collecting also seems to hit fundamental psychological needs.(收集似乎也触及了基本的心理需求。)”以及“Interacting with sellers, other collectors, or even admirers of your collection can also serve as a foundation for relationship-building.(与卖家，其他收藏家，甚至是你的收藏的仰慕者互动也可以作为建立关系的基础。)”可知，收集似乎也触及了基本的心理需求，强调了与不同对象之间的互动是可以作为建立关系的基础。F选项“It can cultivate both a sense of belonging and individuality.(它可以培养归属感和个性。)”中的It指代上文提到的收集行为，指出收集行为的其他触及基本心理需求的功能，即培养归属感和个性，是对前文内容进行补充，符合语境。故选F。
语法填空
【答案】
21．taking 22．were astonished 23．To photograph 24．deeper 25．led 26．which 27．researcher 28．from 29．effective 30．what
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了科学家们在日本附近的海沟发现了可能生活在海面下8336米的蜗牛鱼，并对其进行了研究和描述。
21．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种形似蝌蚪、半透明的蜗牛鱼可能生活在海面以下8336米处，令世界震惊。“(take) the world by surprise”作伴随状语，take...by surprise(使……感到惊讶)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语snailfish之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式表主动。故填taking。
22．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：科学家们在日本附近探索时惊讶地发现了这种生物。be astonished to do sth. (因做某事而惊讶)，结合语境可知，讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时态，主语是复数名词，谓语用复数形式。故填were astonished。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好地拍摄这条鱼，他们向海底发送了一个装备齐全的水下“着陆器”。“(photograph) the fish better”是“sent down an underwater ‘lander’ fully equipped to the seafloor”的目的，用不定式形式作目的状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填To photograph。
24．考查副词比较级。句意：西澳大利亚大学的Alan Jamieson带领这个团队，他说：“如果有人在更深处发现鱼，那也不会太多。”提示词作状语，结合句意，表示“在更深处”，应用副词比较级形式deeper。故填deeper。
25．考查时态。句意：西澳大利亚大学的Alan Jamieson带领这个团队，他说：“如果有人在更深处发现鱼，那也不会太多。”lead(带领)是定语从句中谓语，与从句主语who(即先行词Alan Jamieson)之间是主动关系，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，谓语应用单数形式。故填led。
26．考查定语从句。句意：鱼之所以能忍受极端的压力，是因为一种叫做“渗透压”的细胞化合物，这种化合物在更深的深度会增加，以吸收这种压碎骨头的压力，但在大约8400米处达到最大值，这是鱼类生理学的理论极限。“ increase at greater depths to absorb such bone-crushing pressures but reach their maximum at about 8,400 meters, the theoretical limit of fish physiology”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the cellular compounds called Osmolytes，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
27．考查名词。句意：一位研究人员惊讶地发现，这种鱼竟然能在相当于地表水压800倍的水压下存活。提示词作主语，指“研究人员”，应用可数名词researcher，有数词one修饰，用单数形式。故填researcher。
28．考查介词。句意：他评论说：“在这一点上，从呼吸的气体交换到几乎所有的生理功能似乎都不可能。”from...to...是固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填from。
29．考查形容词。句意：“渗透压”被认为在低温下不太有效，而这些蜗牛生活在可能的边缘附近。提示词作表语，用形容词effective，构成比较级less effective，表示“不太有效的”。故填effective。
30．考查宾语从句。句意：“渗透压”被认为在低温下不太有效，而这些蜗牛生活在可能的边缘附近。“ is possible”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。