写作进阶(3)——状语从句应用 导学案(学生版+教师版)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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名称 写作进阶(3)——状语从句应用 导学案(学生版+教师版)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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更新时间 2025-08-04 12:50:50

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高中英语书面表达技巧(3)
——状语从句在书面表达中的应用
一、语法知识检测
状语从句概述
状语从句是指在句中作状语的从句,用于修饰谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等关系。根据其表达的逻辑关系,可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较八大类。
判断下列从句类型并填空(高考模拟 / 改编题)
______ the government takes effective measures to control pollution, the quality of air in urban areas will continue to deteriorate.
The young athlete persisted in training ______ he suffered a serious injury, which finally led to his success in the national championship.
She has kept a diary every day ______ she entered high school, as a way to record her growth and thoughts.
The rescue team made every effort to reach the trapped villagers ______ the heavy snowstorm blocked all the roads.
______ there is a lack of communication between parents and children, misunderstandings are likely to arise in daily life.
The novel is written ______ it were narrated by a 10-year-old boy, making the story more vivid and touching.
The number of people choosing to travel by high-speed rail has increased sharply ______ it is faster and more comfortable than traditional trains.
______ carefully you plan your study schedule, you won't make progress unless you put it into practice strictly.
The research team will conduct further experiments ______ they can confirm the accuracy of the initial findings.
______ the ancient city was discovered by archaeologists in 2019, it has attracted worldwide attention for its well-preserved cultural relics.
二、读写衔接
高考英语书面表达范文——关于环保的建议信
找出下文中的状语从句,分析从句类型并理解句意。
Dear Jim,
I'm glad to hear that you're going to participate in the UN initiative collection activity. As an issue of global concern, environmental protection is definitely a good topic to focus on. Here are some suggestions that I hope will be helpful to you.
很高兴得知你将参与联合国倡议收集活动。作为全球关注的议题,环境保护无疑是一个值得聚焦的好主题。以下是一些建议,希望能对你有所帮助。
While it's true that many countries have made progress in environmental protection, there's still much work to be done. If we want to make a real difference, we should start with small daily actions. For example, we can use reusable bags whenever we go shopping, because plastic pollution has become a serious threat to our planet.
尽管许多国家在环境保护方面已取得进展,但仍有大量工作要做。如果我们想真正产生影响,就应该从日常小事做起。例如,无论何时购物,我们都可以使用可重复使用的袋子,因为塑料污染已对我们的星球构成严重威胁。
Though it may take some time to change people's habits, every little effort counts. We should also encourage others to join us, so that we can create a larger impact. As more and more people realize the importance of environmental protection, we will see significant changes in our world.
虽然改变人们的习惯可能需要一些时间,但每一点努力都至关重要。我们还应鼓励他人加入我们,以便产生更大的影响力。随着越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性,我们将看到世界发生显著变化。
In China, we have launched various campaigns to promote green living. Whenever I see people planting trees or cleaning up parks, I feel hopeful about our future. Even if individual actions seem small, together they can make a big difference.
在中国,我们开展了各种倡导绿色生活的活动。每当我看到人们植树或清理公园时,都会对我们的未来充满希望。即使个人行动看似微小,团结起来也能带来巨大改变。
I hope these suggestions will help you with your initiative. Please let me know if you need any further information.
希望这些建议能对你的倡议有所帮助。如需更多信息,请告知我。
Best wishes,
顺祝安好,
Li Hua
李华
范文状语从句分析
As an issue of global concern, environmental protection is definitely a good topic to focus on.
作为全球关注的议题,环境保护无疑是一个值得聚焦的好主题。
时间状语从句,由 as 引导,说明环保议题的时代背景,体现其普遍性。
While it's true that many countries have made progress in environmental protection, there's still much work to be done.
尽管许多国家在环境保护方面已取得进展,但仍有大量工作要做。
让步状语从句,由 while 引导,通过承认现状与指出不足的对比,体现辩证思维。
If we want to make a real difference, we should start with small daily actions.
如果我们想真正产生影响,就应该从日常小事做起。
条件状语从句,由 if 引导,强调行动的前提与具体路径,逻辑清晰。
For example, we can use reusable bags whenever we go shopping, because plastic pollution has become a serious threat to our planet.
例如,无论何时购物,我们都可以使用可重复使用的袋子,因为塑料污染已对我们的星球构成严重威胁。
时间状语从句(whenever):说明购物时使用环保袋的普遍性;
原因状语从句(because):解释使用环保袋的必要性,因果关系明确。
Though it may take some time to change people's habits, every little effort counts.
虽然改变人们的习惯可能需要一些时间,但每一点努力都至关重要。
让步状语从句,由 though 引导,承认过程的难度,同时强调坚持的价值。
We should also encourage others to join us, so that we can create a larger impact.
我们还应鼓励他人加入我们,以便产生更大的影响力。
目的状语从句,由 so that 引导,说明行动的目标,体现规划性。
As more and more people realize the importance of environmental protection, we will see significant changes in our world.
随着越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性,我们将看到世界发生显著变化。
时间状语从句,由 as 引导,预示趋势发展,体现前瞻性。
Whenever I see people planting trees or cleaning up parks, I feel hopeful about our future.
每当我看到人们植树或清理公园时,都会对我们的未来充满希望。
时间状语从句,由 whenever 引导,通过具体场景触发情感,增强感染力。
Even if individual actions seem small, together they can make a big difference.
即使个人行动看似微小,团结起来也能带来巨大改变。
让步状语从句,由 even if 引导,突出集体力量的价值,强化说服力。
Please let me know if you need any further information.
如需更多信息,请告知我。
条件状语从句,由 if 引导,礼貌收尾,符合书信交际规范。
写作亮点
体裁契合高考常考的建议信格式,语气得体,符合跨文化交际场景;
融入 10 种状语从句,如 while 引导的让步从句、so that 引导的目的从句等,体现句式多样性;
内容结合中国环保实践(如绿色生活活动),呼应 “讲好中国故事” 的命题趋势;
逻辑层次清晰:提出主题→分析现状→给出建议→展望未来,符合高考书面表达的评分标准(内容充实、结构严谨)。
三、句型及应用
(一)时间状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Time)
定义:
表示动作发生的时间,修饰主句动作发生的时间。
引导词:
when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, whenever
写作句式
1.As soon as + 句子(动作 1), 主语 + 动词(动作 2)(一…… 就……)
例句:
As soon as the opening ceremony of the Asian Games ended, athletes from all countries began their intense preparations for the competitions.
亚运会开幕式一结束,各国运动员就开始了紧张的赛前备战。
2.Since + 句子(过去的时间), 主语 + have/has + 过去分词(自从…… 以来,…… 一直……)
例句:
Since the "Double Reduction" policy was implemented in 2021, students in our school have participated in more after-school sports activities.
自从 2021 年 “双减” 政策实施以来,我校学生参与了更多课后体育活动。
3.Until + 句子(时间点), 主语 + 否定形式(直到…… 才……)
例句:
The research team didn't publish their findings on quantum computing until they had verified the data for five consecutive months.
研究团队连续五个月验证数据后,才发表了他们关于量子计算的研究成果。
应用练习
1.文化交流话题(运用 “As soon as” 句式)
练习:中国剪纸艺术展一开展,就吸引了大量外国友人前来参观。
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2.科技发展话题(运用 “Since” 句式)
练习:自从 5G 技术在我国大规模商用以来,远程医疗服务已覆盖全国大部分地区。
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3.环境保护话题(运用 “Until” 句式)
练习:当地政府直到发现河流污染严重,才采取严格的治理措施。
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(二)原因状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Cause)
定义:
说明主句动作发生的原因或理由。
引导词:
because, since, as, for
例句
Many students choose to major in artificial intelligence because it has become a driving force in global technological innovation.
许多学生选择主修人工智能,因为它已成为全球技术创新的驱动力。
注意事项
because 表直接原因,语气最强,用于回答 why 提问。
since 和 as 表已知原因,译为 “既然”,语气较弱。如讨论 “环保措施” 时,可铺垫前提。
for 表补充原因,不可置于句首,多用于书面语中解释现象背后的深层逻辑。
写作句式
Because + 句子(原因), 主语 + 动词(结果)(因为……,所以……)
例句:
Because traditional handicrafts carry the memory of national culture, the government has launched a series of protection projects.
因为传统手工艺承载着民族文化记忆,所以政府推出了一系列保护项目。
As + 句子(原因), 主语 + 动词(结果)(由于……,……)
例句:
As the number of elderly people is increasing rapidly, community service centers are expanding their home care services.
由于老年人口数量快速增长,社区服务中心正在扩大居家养老服务。
Now that + 句子(原因), 主语 + 动词(结果)(既然……,……)
例句:
Now that we have realized the urgency of carbon neutrality, it is essential to promote the use of new energy vehicles.
既然我们已经意识到碳中和的紧迫性,推广新能源汽车就至关重要。
应用练习
文化传承话题(运用 “Because” 句式)
翻译句子:因为京剧融合了唱、念、做、打等艺术形式,它被视为中国国粹。
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教育公平话题(运用 “As” 句式)
翻译句子:由于偏远地区教育资源相对匮乏,许多志愿者前往支教。
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科技伦理话题(运用 “Now that” 句式)
翻译句子:既然人工智能技术可能带来隐私泄露风险,制定相关法规就很有必要。
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(三)条件状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Condition)
定义:
表示主句动作发生的条件。
引导词:
if, unless, as long as, on condition that
例句(高考话题改编)
例句:
If young people can balance traditional cultural inheritance with innovative development, they will inject new vitality into intangible cultural heritage.
如果年轻人能在传统文化传承与创新发展之间找到平衡,他们将为非物质文化遗产注入新活力。
注意事项
在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来意义,即 “主将从现”。如高考写作中讨论 “科技发展的影响” 时,需严格遵循这一时态规则。
unless 相当于 “if not”,表达否定条件,语气比 if 更强烈,适合强调 “不满足条件则产生负面结果” 的语境,如环保、学习等话题。
写作句式
1.If + 句子(条件), 主语 + will/can + 动词原形(如果……,…… 将会 / 能够……)
例句:
If schools provide more courses on artificial intelligence, students will be able to master basic programming skills at an earlier age.
如果学校开设更多人工智能相关课程,学生们将能更早掌握基础编程技能。
2.Unless + 句子(否定条件), 主语 + will not + 动词原形(除非……,否则…… 不会……)
例句:
Unless we reduce the overuse of disposable plastics, marine ecosystems will not recover from the current pollution crisis.
除非我们减少一次性塑料的过度使用,否则海洋生态系统将无法从当前的污染危机中恢复。
解析:聚焦环保热点话题,用 “disposable plastics”“marine ecosystems”“pollution crisis” 等词汇,通过否定条件强调行动的必要性,提升句子的论证力度。
3.As long as + 句子(条件), 主语 + will + 动词原形(只要……,…… 就会……)
例句:
As long as communities continue to promote volunteer service projects, mutual assistance among residents will become a common practice.
只要社区持续推进志愿服务项目,居民间的互助行为就会成为普遍现象。
应用练习
1.文化交流话题(运用 “If” 句式)
翻译句子:如果我们通过数字技术展示中国传统节日,更多外国人将能深入了解中国文化。
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2.教育改革话题(运用 “Unless” 句式)
翻译句子:除非打破 “唯分数论” 的评价体系,否则素质教育难以真正落地。
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3.乡村振兴话题(运用 “As long as” 句式)
翻译句子:只要年轻人才愿意扎根乡村,农村的发展就会迎来新的机遇。
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(四)让步状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Concession)
定义:
表示主句的情况与从句的情况相反,即 “虽然…… 但是……”。
引导词:
though, although, while, as, even if, even though, no matter what/who/where/when/how, whatever/ whoever/ wherever /whenever /however
例句
While online education offers flexible learning opportunities, it cannot fully replace the interactive experience of classroom teaching.
虽然在线教育提供了灵活的学习机会,但它无法完全替代课堂教学的互动体验。
Talented as he is in scientific research, he still spends hours reviewing basic theories every day.
尽管他在科研方面很有天赋,但他仍每天花数小时复习基础理论。
注意事项
though, although,while 引导让步从句时,不可与 but 连用,可与 yet 连用,如 “While the task is tough, yet we have confidence to complete it.”
as 引导让步从句的倒装规则:
表语前置(名词前不加冠词):Child as he is, he knows a lot about environmental protection.
状语前置:Hard as they tried, they failed to reach the summit.
动词原形前置(主语后接 may/might):Try as we might, we couldn’t persuade him to change his mind.
though/although 与 as 引导让步从句的区别:though/although 引导从句时用正常语序,as 引导时必须倒装,二者均可与 yet/still 连用。
写作句式
1.Though/Although + 正常语序从句(让步情况), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(虽然……,但是……)
= As + 倒装结构从句(表语 / 状语 / 动词), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(尽管……,但是……)
例句:
Though the construction of the national park caused temporary inconvenience to locals, it has brought long-term benefits to ecological protection.
虽然国家公园的建设给当地人带来了暂时不便,但它为生态保护带来了长期益处。
Temporary as the inconvenience caused by the national park construction is to locals, it has brought long-term benefits to ecological protection.
尽管国家公园建设给当地人带来的不便很短暂,但它为生态保护带来了长期益处。
2.Even if + 句子(假设情况), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(即使……,……)
例句:
Even if the economic benefits are not immediate, preserving traditional villages is crucial for cultural heritage.
即使经济收益不会立竿见影,保护传统村落对文化遗产也至关重要。
3.However + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 动词,主语 + 动词(无论多么……,……)
例句:
However popular fast food becomes, home-cooked meals will always have a special place in people’s hearts.
无论快餐变得多流行,家常菜在人们心中总会有特殊的位置。
4.While + 句子(对比性让步), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(虽然……,但是……)
例句:
While artificial intelligence has simplified many tasks, it has also raised concerns about job losses.
虽然人工智能简化了许多工作,但它也引发了对失业的担忧。
应用练习
1.“Though/Although + 正常语序从句 = As + 倒装结构从句” 句式(对应写作句式 1)
话题:文化传承
翻译句子:虽然京剧学习难度很大,但仍有不少年轻人愿意投入时间去钻研)。
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2.“Even if + 句子” 句式(对应写作句式 2)
话题:航天探索
翻译句子:即使面临极端恶劣的太空环境,宇航员们也从未放弃执行任务。
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3.“However + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 动词” 句式(对应写作句式 3)
话题:语言学习
翻译句子:无论学习一门外语多么枯燥,坚持练习的人最终都能掌握它。
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4.“While + 句子” 句式(对应写作句式 4)
话题:科技与生活
翻译句子:虽然智能手机给生活带来了便利,但过度使用也会影响人们的身心健康。
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(五)结果状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Result)
定义:
表示主句动作所产生的结果。
引导词:
so...that..., such...that...
例句
The documentary about the protection of giant pandas was so moving that it triggered widespread public attention to wildlife conservation.
那部关于大熊猫保护的纪录片如此感人,以至于引发了公众对野生动物保护的广泛关注。
注意事项
so 后接形容词或副词,such 后接名词短语,二者不可混淆。如高考写作中描述 “文化活动的影响力” 时,需根据修饰对象选择正确结构。
that 引导的结果状语从句中常带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等,增强结果的可能性描述,如 “such a complex problem that we may need expert advice”。
写作句式
1.So + 形容词 / 副词 + that + 句子(结果)(如此…… 以至于……)
例句:
The ancient poetry recital contest was so popular among students that the school had to add an extra session to meet the demand.
这场古诗词朗诵比赛在学生中如此受欢迎,以至于学校不得不加开一场以满足需求。
2.Such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that + 句子(结果)(如此…… 的一个…… 以至于……)
例句:
It is such a breakthrough in quantum computing that it is expected to revolutionize the global tech industry.
这是量子计算领域的一个重大突破,有望给全球科技产业带来革命性变化。
3.Such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数 + that + 句子(结果)(如此…… 的…… 以至于……)
例句:
Remote mountain areas have such poor transportation conditions that local products cannot be delivered to the market in time.
偏远山区的交通条件如此落后,以至于当地特产无法及时运送到市场。
应用练习
1.非遗传播话题(运用 “So + 形容词 / 副词 + that” 句式)
翻译句子:非遗传承人在线上平台的直播如此火爆,以至于相关手工艺品销量激增。
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2.航天成就话题(运用 “Such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that” 句式)
翻译句子:中国空间站是如此先进的一个航天工程,以至于吸引了多个国家参与合作。
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3.教育资源话题(运用 “Such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数 + that” 句式)
翻译句子:城市学校拥有如此丰富的教学资源,以至于许多农村学生家长希望将孩子送到那里就读。
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(六)特殊句式
1. 省略句(Elliptical Sentences)
定义:
在不影响句意表达的前提下,省略句子中重复或不必要的成分,使语言更简洁紧凑,常见于状语从句中。
常用句式及规则:
时间状语从句省略:When/While + 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 形容词(省略 “主语 + be 动词”,主从句主语一致)
例句:
While preparing for the national calligraphy competition, he improved his skills dramatically.
在准备全国书法比赛时,他的技艺显著提升。
条件状语从句省略:If + 过去分词 / 形容词(省略 “主语 + be 动词”)
例句:
If not handled properly, the historical documents may get damaged.
这些历史文献若处理不当,可能会受损。
比较状语从句省略:than/as 后省略与主句重复的动词或成分
例句:
This traditional craft workshop attracts more visitors than the modern art gallery (does).
这家传统工艺作坊比现代艺术馆吸引更多游客。
应用练习:
非遗传承话题
翻译句子:在学习苏绣针法时,她展现出惊人的天赋。
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文物保护话题
翻译句子:如果得不到及时修复,这些古陶瓷碎片将失去研究价值。
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2. 倒装句(Inverted Sentences)
定义:
为强调某一成分或使句子结构平衡,将谓语动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前,常见于让步、否定等语境。
常用句式:
让步状语从句倒装:形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as + 主语 + 动词
例句:
Simple as the folk song sounds, it carries profound cultural meanings.
这首民歌听起来简单,却蕴含深刻的文化内涵。
否定词置于句首倒装:Never/Nowhere/Not only + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词
例句:
Never has traditional Chinese medicine failed to amaze the world with its unique healing effects.
中医药的独特疗效从未不令世界惊叹。
so/such...that 结构倒装:So + 形容词 / 副词 / Such + 名词短语 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 + that 从句
例句:
So popular is the annual dragon boat race that thousands of spectators gather along the river.
一年一度的龙舟赛如此受欢迎,以至于成千上万的观众聚集在河边。
应用练习:
传统节日话题
翻译句子:尽管春节的庆祝方式在变化,其团圆的核心意义从未改变。
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科技成就话题
翻译句子:中国在航天领域取得的成就如此辉煌,以至于赢得了全球的赞誉。
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3. 虚拟句式(Subjunctive Mood)
定义:
表示与事实相反的假设、主观愿望、建议或推测等,常用于表达非真实的情境,是高考书面表达中体现语言准确性和复杂性的重要句式。
常用句式及规则:
与现在事实相反:If + 主语 + 动词过去式(be 动词用 were), 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
例句:
If we had more time to study traditional craftsmanship, we could better inherit the intangible cultural heritage.
如果我们有更多时间学习传统工艺,我们就能更好地传承非物质文化遗产。
与过去事实相反:If + 主语 + had + 过去分词,主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词
例句:
If the local government had taken measures earlier, the ancient temple would not have been damaged by the flood.
如果当地政府早点采取措施,这座古寺就不会被洪水损坏了。
与将来事实相反(可能性小):If + 主语 + should + 动词原形 /were to + 动词原形 / 动词过去式,主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
例句:
If humans were to ignore the balance of nature, ecological disasters would occur more frequently.
如果人类忽视自然平衡,生态灾难将会更频繁地发生。
表示建议 / 命令 / 要求:主语 + suggest/insist/order + that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形(should 可省略)
例句:
Experts suggest that we (should) protect traditional villages before they disappear completely.
专家建议我们在传统村落彻底消失前加以保护。
应用练习:
文化保护话题
翻译句子:如果我们没有记录那些老工匠的技艺,这些传统手艺可能就会失传了。
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环保行动话题
翻译句子:如果每个人都能减少塑料使用,我们的海洋环境就会得到极大改善。
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教育建议话题
翻译句子:老师建议学校应该开设更多关于中国传统文化的课程。
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四、综合应用
话题:传统文化传承与创新
核心词汇和短语
非物质文化遗产(intangible cultural heritage)
国家级遗产名录(national heritage list)
当地艺人(local artists)
传统手工艺(traditional crafts)、皮影戏(shadow puppetry)
剪纸(paper-cutting)、刺绣(embroidery)、皮质皮影(leather puppets)
耗时的(time-consuming)、累人的(tiring)
传承(pass on)、改革(reform)、古老艺术(ancient art)
融入现代设计(integrate modern design)、现代故事(modern stories)、剧目(plays)
吸引(appeal to)、青少年(teenagers)
工坊(workshop)、重焕活力(regain vitality)
写作要求:结合时间、条件、让步等状语从句及特殊句式,写一篇 80-100 词的短文,阐述传统手工艺的保护措施。
参考范文:
自从非物质文化遗产被列为国家级项目以来,更多年轻人加入了保护团队。尽管学习传统手工艺十分耗时,但他们坚持掌握剪纸、刺绣等技艺。如果我们将现代设计融入这些手工艺中,它们会吸引更多青少年。尽管这种方法看似简单,却已帮助许多工坊重焕生机。
Since intangible cultural heritage was listed as a national project, more young people have joined the protection team. Though learning traditional crafts is time-consuming, they insist on mastering skills like paper-cutting and embroidery. If we integrate modern design into these crafts, they will appeal to more teenagers. Simple as the method seems, it has already helped many workshops regain vitality.
练习
写作要求:
围绕 “传统皮影戏的传承与创新” 展开,词数 80-100 词;
需包含 since 引导的时间状语从句、though 引导的让步状语从句、if 引导的条件状语从句,以及 as 引导的倒装句;
内容需涉及保护措施及创新方法。
自从皮影戏被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录以来,当地工匠不遗余力地保护这门历史悠久的技艺。尽管操控皮质皮影需要极大的耐心和灵巧度,但他们坚持通过日常练习磨练技艺。如果我们在剧本中融入当代主题,这种传统艺术形式无疑会吸引更年轻的观众。尽管这项创新看似不起眼,却已为这门古老的表演注入了新的活力。
______________________________________________________________________________, local artisans_______________________________________this time-honored craft. ______ _________________________________________________________________________, they persist in honing their skills through daily practice. _____________________________________ ______________________, this traditional art form ______________________ a younger audience. ____________________________________________, it has already breathed new life into the age-old performance.
五、课后练习
(一)句式综合翻译练习(每句需包含至少两种从句或特殊句式)
文化交流话题
练习:尽管中医理论难以理解,但自从它被引入西方后,已经帮助了许多患者缓解病痛。
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环保行动话题
练习:如果人们不减少私家车使用,无论政府采取多少措施,城市空气质量都不会改善。
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科技发展话题
练习:人工智能虽然简化了工作流程,但专家建议企业应该制定规则防止其滥用。
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(二)篇章写作训练
话题:青少年在乡村振兴中的作用
写作要求:
用 3-5 个不同类型的状语从句(时间、条件、结果等);
至少运用 1 种倒装句和 1 种虚拟句式;
词数 100-120 词。
写作框架提示:
时间状语从句:自从 “乡村振兴计划” 启动以来……
条件状语从句:如果青少年参与乡村支教……
结果状语从句:他们的到来如此受欢迎,以至于……
倒装句(否定词前置):从未有过如此多的年轻人愿意扎根乡村……
虚拟句式(与过去事实相反):如果早期没有政策支持,他们可能不会获得这样的机会……高中英语书面表达技巧(3)
——状语从句在书面表达中的应用
一、语法知识检测
状语从句概述
状语从句是指在句中作状语的从句,用于修饰谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等关系。根据其表达的逻辑关系,可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较八大类。
判断下列从句类型并填空(高考模拟 / 改编题)
______ the government takes effective measures to control pollution, the quality of air in urban areas will continue to deteriorate.
答案:Unless
解析:此句为条件状语从句。结合语境 “除非政府采取有效措施控制污染,否则城市空气质量将持续恶化”,unless(除非)引导否定条件,需注意 “主将从现” 时态规则。
The young athlete persisted in training ______ he suffered a serious injury, which finally led to his success in the national championship.
答案:even though
解析:此句为让步状语从句。“即使遭受重伤仍坚持训练” 体现强烈的转折让步关系,even though 比 although 语气更强。
She has kept a diary every day ______ she entered high school, as a way to record her growth and thoughts.
答案:since
解析:此句为时间状语从句。since 引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,是高考高频考点。句中 “从进入高中起就坚持写日记” 体现动作的延续性。
The rescue team made every effort to reach the trapped villagers ______ the heavy snowstorm blocked all the roads.
答案:though
解析:此句为让步状语从句。“尽管暴风雪阻断道路,救援队仍全力抵达” 体现转折关系,though 可与 yet 连用(句中隐含 “yet they succeeded”)。
______ there is a lack of communication between parents and children, misunderstandings are likely to arise in daily life.
答案:Where
解析:此句为地点状语从句。where 在此处表示 “在…… 的地方 / 情况下”,引导抽象地点概念,句意为 “在父母与孩子缺乏沟通的情况下,日常很可能产生误解”,考查地点状语从句的灵活运用。
The novel is written ______ it were narrated by a 10-year-old boy, making the story more vivid and touching.
答案:as if
解析:此句为方式状语从句。as if 引导的从句用虚拟语气(were),表示与事实不符的假设 “仿佛由 10 岁男孩叙述”,考查方式从句中的虚拟语气用法。
The number of people choosing to travel by high-speed rail has increased sharply ______ it is faster and more comfortable than traditional trains.
答案:because
解析:此句为原因状语从句。because 引导直接原因,解释高铁出行人数激增的理由,需与 since(已知原因)区分,句中 “更快更舒适” 是明确的因果关系。
______ carefully you plan your study schedule, you won't make progress unless you put it into practice strictly.
答案:However
解析:此句为让步状语从句。however 修饰副词 carefully,引导 “无论多么……” 的让步关系,结构为 “However+adj./adv.+ 主 + 谓”,是常考的倒装式让步结构,注意与 no matter how 的互换性。
The research team will conduct further experiments ______ they can confirm the accuracy of the initial findings.
答案:so that
解析:此句为结果状语从句。so that 引导目的或结果,句中 “进行进一步实验以便确认初步发现的准确性” 体现目的,需注意与 such...that(结果)的区别。
______ the ancient city was discovered by archaeologists in 2019, it has attracted worldwide attention for its well-preserved cultural relics.
答案:Since
解析:此句为时间状语从句。since 引导 “自从 2019 年古城被发现以来”,主句用现在完成时,体现动作从过去持续到现在,是高考时间状语从句的核心考点,需注意与 after(仅表先后)的区别。
二、读写衔接
高考英语书面表达范文——关于环保的建议信
找出下文中的状语从句,分析从句类型并理解句意。
Dear Jim,
I'm glad to hear that you're going to participate in the UN initiative collection activity. As an issue of global concern, environmental protection is definitely a good topic to focus on. Here are some suggestions that I hope will be helpful to you.
很高兴得知你将参与联合国倡议收集活动。作为全球关注的议题,环境保护无疑是一个值得聚焦的好主题。以下是一些建议,希望能对你有所帮助。
While it's true that many countries have made progress in environmental protection, there's still much work to be done. If we want to make a real difference, we should start with small daily actions. For example, we can use reusable bags whenever we go shopping, because plastic pollution has become a serious threat to our planet.
尽管许多国家在环境保护方面已取得进展,但仍有大量工作要做。如果我们想真正产生影响,就应该从日常小事做起。例如,无论何时购物,我们都可以使用可重复使用的袋子,因为塑料污染已对我们的星球构成严重威胁。
Though it may take some time to change people's habits, every little effort counts. We should also encourage others to join us, so that we can create a larger impact. As more and more people realize the importance of environmental protection, we will see significant changes in our world.
虽然改变人们的习惯可能需要一些时间,但每一点努力都至关重要。我们还应鼓励他人加入我们,以便产生更大的影响力。随着越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性,我们将看到世界发生显著变化。
In China, we have launched various campaigns to promote green living. Whenever I see people planting trees or cleaning up parks, I feel hopeful about our future. Even if individual actions seem small, together they can make a big difference.
在中国,我们开展了各种倡导绿色生活的活动。每当我看到人们植树或清理公园时,都会对我们的未来充满希望。即使个人行动看似微小,团结起来也能带来巨大改变。
I hope these suggestions will help you with your initiative. Please let me know if you need any further information.
希望这些建议能对你的倡议有所帮助。如需更多信息,请告知我。
Best wishes,
顺祝安好,
Li Hua
李华
范文状语从句分析
As an issue of global concern, environmental protection is definitely a good topic to focus on.
作为全球关注的议题,环境保护无疑是一个值得聚焦的好主题。
时间状语从句,由 as 引导,说明环保议题的时代背景,体现其普遍性。
While it's true that many countries have made progress in environmental protection, there's still much work to be done.
尽管许多国家在环境保护方面已取得进展,但仍有大量工作要做。
让步状语从句,由 while 引导,通过承认现状与指出不足的对比,体现辩证思维。
If we want to make a real difference, we should start with small daily actions.
如果我们想真正产生影响,就应该从日常小事做起。
条件状语从句,由 if 引导,强调行动的前提与具体路径,逻辑清晰。
For example, we can use reusable bags whenever we go shopping, because plastic pollution has become a serious threat to our planet.
例如,无论何时购物,我们都可以使用可重复使用的袋子,因为塑料污染已对我们的星球构成严重威胁。
时间状语从句(whenever):说明购物时使用环保袋的普遍性;
原因状语从句(because):解释使用环保袋的必要性,因果关系明确。
Though it may take some time to change people's habits, every little effort counts.
虽然改变人们的习惯可能需要一些时间,但每一点努力都至关重要。
让步状语从句,由 though 引导,承认过程的难度,同时强调坚持的价值。
We should also encourage others to join us, so that we can create a larger impact.
我们还应鼓励他人加入我们,以便产生更大的影响力。
目的状语从句,由 so that 引导,说明行动的目标,体现规划性。
As more and more people realize the importance of environmental protection, we will see significant changes in our world.
随着越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性,我们将看到世界发生显著变化。
时间状语从句,由 as 引导,预示趋势发展,体现前瞻性。
Whenever I see people planting trees or cleaning up parks, I feel hopeful about our future.
每当我看到人们植树或清理公园时,都会对我们的未来充满希望。
时间状语从句,由 whenever 引导,通过具体场景触发情感,增强感染力。
Even if individual actions seem small, together they can make a big difference.
即使个人行动看似微小,团结起来也能带来巨大改变。
让步状语从句,由 even if 引导,突出集体力量的价值,强化说服力。
Please let me know if you need any further information.
如需更多信息,请告知我。
条件状语从句,由 if 引导,礼貌收尾,符合书信交际规范。
写作亮点
体裁契合高考常考的建议信格式,语气得体,符合跨文化交际场景;
融入 10 种状语从句,如 while 引导的让步从句、so that 引导的目的从句等,体现句式多样性;
内容结合中国环保实践(如绿色生活活动),呼应 “讲好中国故事” 的命题趋势;
逻辑层次清晰:提出主题→分析现状→给出建议→展望未来,符合高考书面表达的评分标准(内容充实、结构严谨)。
三、句型及应用
(一)时间状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Time)
定义:
表示动作发生的时间,修饰主句动作发生的时间。
引导词:
when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, whenever
写作句式
1.As soon as + 句子(动作 1), 主语 + 动词(动作 2)(一…… 就……)
例句:
As soon as the opening ceremony of the Asian Games ended, athletes from all countries began their intense preparations for the competitions.
亚运会开幕式一结束,各国运动员就开始了紧张的赛前备战。
2.Since + 句子(过去的时间), 主语 + have/has + 过去分词(自从…… 以来,…… 一直……)
例句:
Since the "Double Reduction" policy was implemented in 2021, students in our school have participated in more after-school sports activities.
自从 2021 年 “双减” 政策实施以来,我校学生参与了更多课后体育活动。
3.Until + 句子(时间点), 主语 + 否定形式(直到…… 才……)
例句:
The research team didn't publish their findings on quantum computing until they had verified the data for five consecutive months.
研究团队连续五个月验证数据后,才发表了他们关于量子计算的研究成果。
应用练习
1.文化交流话题(运用 “As soon as” 句式)
练习:中国剪纸艺术展一开展,就吸引了大量外国友人前来参观。
参考答案:
As soon as the Chinese paper-cutting exhibition opened, it attracted a large number of foreign friends to visit.
2.科技发展话题(运用 “Since” 句式)
练习:自从 5G 技术在我国大规模商用以来,远程医疗服务已覆盖全国大部分地区。
参考答案:
Since 5G technology was widely commercialized in China, telemedicine services have covered most areas of the country.
3.环境保护话题(运用 “Until” 句式)
练习:当地政府直到发现河流污染严重,才采取严格的治理措施。
参考答案:
The local government didn't take strict control measures until it found that the river pollution had become serious.
(二)原因状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Cause)
定义:
说明主句动作发生的原因或理由。
引导词:
because, since, as, for
例句
Many students choose to major in artificial intelligence because it has become a driving force in global technological innovation.
许多学生选择主修人工智能,因为它已成为全球技术创新的驱动力。
注意事项
because 表直接原因,语气最强,用于回答 why 提问。
since 和 as 表已知原因,译为 “既然”,语气较弱。如讨论 “环保措施” 时,可铺垫前提。
for 表补充原因,不可置于句首,多用于书面语中解释现象背后的深层逻辑。
写作句式
Because + 句子(原因), 主语 + 动词(结果)(因为……,所以……)
例句:
Because traditional handicrafts carry the memory of national culture, the government has launched a series of protection projects.
因为传统手工艺承载着民族文化记忆,所以政府推出了一系列保护项目。
As + 句子(原因), 主语 + 动词(结果)(由于……,……)
例句:
As the number of elderly people is increasing rapidly, community service centers are expanding their home care services.
由于老年人口数量快速增长,社区服务中心正在扩大居家养老服务。
Now that + 句子(原因), 主语 + 动词(结果)(既然……,……)
例句:
Now that we have realized the urgency of carbon neutrality, it is essential to promote the use of new energy vehicles.
既然我们已经意识到碳中和的紧迫性,推广新能源汽车就至关重要。
应用练习
文化传承话题(运用 “Because” 句式)
翻译句子:因为京剧融合了唱、念、做、打等艺术形式,它被视为中国国粹。
参考答案:
Because Peking Opera combines artistic forms such as singing, reciting, acting and acrobatics, it is regarded as a national treasure of China.
教育公平话题(运用 “As” 句式)
翻译句子:由于偏远地区教育资源相对匮乏,许多志愿者前往支教。
参考答案:
As educational resources in remote areas are relatively scarce, many volunteers go there to teach.
科技伦理话题(运用 “Now that” 句式)
翻译句子:既然人工智能技术可能带来隐私泄露风险,制定相关法规就很有必要。
参考答案:
Now that AI technology may bring the risk of privacy leakage, it is necessary to formulate relevant regulations.
(三)条件状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Condition)
定义:
表示主句动作发生的条件。
引导词:
if, unless, as long as, on condition that
例句(高考话题改编)
例句:
If young people can balance traditional cultural inheritance with innovative development, they will inject new vitality into intangible cultural heritage.
如果年轻人能在传统文化传承与创新发展之间找到平衡,他们将为非物质文化遗产注入新活力。
注意事项
在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来意义,即 “主将从现”。如高考写作中讨论 “科技发展的影响” 时,需严格遵循这一时态规则。
unless 相当于 “if not”,表达否定条件,语气比 if 更强烈,适合强调 “不满足条件则产生负面结果” 的语境,如环保、学习等话题。
写作句式
1.If + 句子(条件), 主语 + will/can + 动词原形(如果……,…… 将会 / 能够……)
例句:
If schools provide more courses on artificial intelligence, students will be able to master basic programming skills at an earlier age.
如果学校开设更多人工智能相关课程,学生们将能更早掌握基础编程技能。
2.Unless + 句子(否定条件), 主语 + will not + 动词原形(除非……,否则…… 不会……)
例句:
Unless we reduce the overuse of disposable plastics, marine ecosystems will not recover from the current pollution crisis.
除非我们减少一次性塑料的过度使用,否则海洋生态系统将无法从当前的污染危机中恢复。
解析:聚焦环保热点话题,用 “disposable plastics”“marine ecosystems”“pollution crisis” 等词汇,通过否定条件强调行动的必要性,提升句子的论证力度。
3.As long as + 句子(条件), 主语 + will + 动词原形(只要……,…… 就会……)
例句:
As long as communities continue to promote volunteer service projects, mutual assistance among residents will become a common practice.
只要社区持续推进志愿服务项目,居民间的互助行为就会成为普遍现象。
应用练习
1.文化交流话题(运用 “If” 句式)
翻译句子:如果我们通过数字技术展示中国传统节日,更多外国人将能深入了解中国文化。
参考答案:
If we showcase traditional Chinese festivals through digital technologies, more foreigners will be able to gain a deep understanding of Chinese culture.
2.教育改革话题(运用 “Unless” 句式)
翻译句子:除非打破 “唯分数论” 的评价体系,否则素质教育难以真正落地。
参考答案:
Unless we break the "score-only" evaluation system, quality-oriented education will not be truly implemented.
3.乡村振兴话题(运用 “As long as” 句式)
翻译句子:只要年轻人才愿意扎根乡村,农村的发展就会迎来新的机遇。
参考答案:
As long as young talents are willing to settle in rural areas, rural development will embrace new opportunities.
(四)让步状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Concession)
定义:
表示主句的情况与从句的情况相反,即 “虽然…… 但是……”。
引导词:
though, although, while, as, even if, even though, no matter what/who/where/when/how, whatever/ whoever/ wherever /whenever /however
例句
While online education offers flexible learning opportunities, it cannot fully replace the interactive experience of classroom teaching.
虽然在线教育提供了灵活的学习机会,但它无法完全替代课堂教学的互动体验。
Talented as he is in scientific research, he still spends hours reviewing basic theories every day.
尽管他在科研方面很有天赋,但他仍每天花数小时复习基础理论。
注意事项
though, although,while 引导让步从句时,不可与 but 连用,可与 yet 连用,如 “While the task is tough, yet we have confidence to complete it.”
as 引导让步从句的倒装规则:
表语前置(名词前不加冠词):Child as he is, he knows a lot about environmental protection.
状语前置:Hard as they tried, they failed to reach the summit.
动词原形前置(主语后接 may/might):Try as we might, we couldn’t persuade him to change his mind.
though/although 与 as 引导让步从句的区别:though/although 引导从句时用正常语序,as 引导时必须倒装,二者均可与 yet/still 连用。
写作句式
1.Though/Although + 正常语序从句(让步情况), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(虽然……,但是……)
= As + 倒装结构从句(表语 / 状语 / 动词), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(尽管……,但是……)
例句:
Though the construction of the national park caused temporary inconvenience to locals, it has brought long-term benefits to ecological protection.
虽然国家公园的建设给当地人带来了暂时不便,但它为生态保护带来了长期益处。
Temporary as the inconvenience caused by the national park construction is to locals, it has brought long-term benefits to ecological protection.
尽管国家公园建设给当地人带来的不便很短暂,但它为生态保护带来了长期益处。
2.Even if + 句子(假设情况), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(即使……,……)
例句:
Even if the economic benefits are not immediate, preserving traditional villages is crucial for cultural heritage.
即使经济收益不会立竿见影,保护传统村落对文化遗产也至关重要。
3.However + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 动词,主语 + 动词(无论多么……,……)
例句:
However popular fast food becomes, home-cooked meals will always have a special place in people’s hearts.
无论快餐变得多流行,家常菜在人们心中总会有特殊的位置。
4.While + 句子(对比性让步), 主语 + 动词(主句情况)(虽然……,但是……)
例句:
While artificial intelligence has simplified many tasks, it has also raised concerns about job losses.
虽然人工智能简化了许多工作,但它也引发了对失业的担忧。
应用练习
1.“Though/Although + 正常语序从句 = As + 倒装结构从句” 句式(对应写作句式 1)
话题:文化传承
翻译句子:虽然京剧学习难度很大,但仍有不少年轻人愿意投入时间去钻研)。
参考答案:
Though learning Peking Opera is very difficult, many young people are still willing to spend time studying it.
= Difficult as learning Peking Opera is, many young people are still willing to spend time studying it.
2.“Even if + 句子” 句式(对应写作句式 2)
话题:航天探索
翻译句子:即使面临极端恶劣的太空环境,宇航员们也从未放弃执行任务。
参考答案:
Even if they face extremely harsh space environments, astronauts never give up carrying out their missions.
3.“However + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 动词” 句式(对应写作句式 3)
话题:语言学习
翻译句子:无论学习一门外语多么枯燥,坚持练习的人最终都能掌握它。
参考答案:
However boring learning a foreign language is, those who keep practicing can finally master it.
4.“While + 句子” 句式(对应写作句式 4)
话题:科技与生活
翻译句子:虽然智能手机给生活带来了便利,但过度使用也会影响人们的身心健康。
参考答案:
While smartphones have brought convenience to life, overuse can also affect people's physical and mental health.
(五)结果状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Result)
定义:
表示主句动作所产生的结果。
引导词:
so...that..., such...that...
例句
The documentary about the protection of giant pandas was so moving that it triggered widespread public attention to wildlife conservation.
那部关于大熊猫保护的纪录片如此感人,以至于引发了公众对野生动物保护的广泛关注。
注意事项
so 后接形容词或副词,such 后接名词短语,二者不可混淆。如高考写作中描述 “文化活动的影响力” 时,需根据修饰对象选择正确结构。
that 引导的结果状语从句中常带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等,增强结果的可能性描述,如 “such a complex problem that we may need expert advice”。
写作句式
1.So + 形容词 / 副词 + that + 句子(结果)(如此…… 以至于……)
例句:
The ancient poetry recital contest was so popular among students that the school had to add an extra session to meet the demand.
这场古诗词朗诵比赛在学生中如此受欢迎,以至于学校不得不加开一场以满足需求。
2.Such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that + 句子(结果)(如此…… 的一个…… 以至于……)
例句:
It is such a breakthrough in quantum computing that it is expected to revolutionize the global tech industry.
这是量子计算领域的一个重大突破,有望给全球科技产业带来革命性变化。
3.Such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数 + that + 句子(结果)(如此…… 的…… 以至于……)
例句:
Remote mountain areas have such poor transportation conditions that local products cannot be delivered to the market in time.
偏远山区的交通条件如此落后,以至于当地特产无法及时运送到市场。
应用练习
1.非遗传播话题(运用 “So + 形容词 / 副词 + that” 句式)
翻译句子:非遗传承人在线上平台的直播如此火爆,以至于相关手工艺品销量激增。
参考答案:
The live broadcasts of intangible cultural heritage inheritors on online platforms were so popular that the sales of related handicrafts surged.
2.航天成就话题(运用 “Such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that” 句式)
翻译句子:中国空间站是如此先进的一个航天工程,以至于吸引了多个国家参与合作。
参考答案:
China's space station is such an advanced aerospace project that it has attracted many countries to participate in cooperation.
3.教育资源话题(运用 “Such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数 + that” 句式)
翻译句子:城市学校拥有如此丰富的教学资源,以至于许多农村学生家长希望将孩子送到那里就读。
参考答案:
Urban schools have such abundant teaching resources that many rural students' parents hope to send their children there to study.
(六)特殊句式
1. 省略句(Elliptical Sentences)
定义:
在不影响句意表达的前提下,省略句子中重复或不必要的成分,使语言更简洁紧凑,常见于状语从句中。
常用句式及规则:
时间状语从句省略:When/While + 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 形容词(省略 “主语 + be 动词”,主从句主语一致)
例句:
While preparing for the national calligraphy competition, he improved his skills dramatically.
在准备全国书法比赛时,他的技艺显著提升。
条件状语从句省略:If + 过去分词 / 形容词(省略 “主语 + be 动词”)
例句:
If not handled properly, the historical documents may get damaged.
这些历史文献若处理不当,可能会受损。
比较状语从句省略:than/as 后省略与主句重复的动词或成分
例句:
This traditional craft workshop attracts more visitors than the modern art gallery (does).
这家传统工艺作坊比现代艺术馆吸引更多游客。
应用练习:
非遗传承话题
翻译句子:在学习苏绣针法时,她展现出惊人的天赋。
参考答案:
While learning Su embroidery stitches, she showed amazing talent.
文物保护话题
翻译句子:如果得不到及时修复,这些古陶瓷碎片将失去研究价值。
参考答案:
If not repaired in time, these ancient ceramic fragments will lose their research value.
2. 倒装句(Inverted Sentences)
定义:
为强调某一成分或使句子结构平衡,将谓语动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前,常见于让步、否定等语境。
常用句式:
让步状语从句倒装:形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as + 主语 + 动词
例句:
Simple as the folk song sounds, it carries profound cultural meanings.
这首民歌听起来简单,却蕴含深刻的文化内涵。
否定词置于句首倒装:Never/Nowhere/Not only + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词
例句:
Never has traditional Chinese medicine failed to amaze the world with its unique healing effects.
中医药的独特疗效从未不令世界惊叹。
so/such...that 结构倒装:So + 形容词 / 副词 / Such + 名词短语 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 + that 从句
例句:
So popular is the annual dragon boat race that thousands of spectators gather along the river.
一年一度的龙舟赛如此受欢迎,以至于成千上万的观众聚集在河边。
应用练习:
传统节日话题
翻译句子:尽管春节的庆祝方式在变化,其团圆的核心意义从未改变。
参考答案:
Changing as the ways of celebrating the Spring Festival are, its core meaning of reunion has never changed.
科技成就话题
翻译句子:中国在航天领域取得的成就如此辉煌,以至于赢得了全球的赞誉。
参考答案:
Such brilliant achievements has China made in aerospace that it has won global praise.
3. 虚拟句式(Subjunctive Mood)
定义:
表示与事实相反的假设、主观愿望、建议或推测等,常用于表达非真实的情境,是高考书面表达中体现语言准确性和复杂性的重要句式。
常用句式及规则:
与现在事实相反:If + 主语 + 动词过去式(be 动词用 were), 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
例句:
If we had more time to study traditional craftsmanship, we could better inherit the intangible cultural heritage.
如果我们有更多时间学习传统工艺,我们就能更好地传承非物质文化遗产。
与过去事实相反:If + 主语 + had + 过去分词,主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词
例句:
If the local government had taken measures earlier, the ancient temple would not have been damaged by the flood.
如果当地政府早点采取措施,这座古寺就不会被洪水损坏了。
与将来事实相反(可能性小):If + 主语 + should + 动词原形 /were to + 动词原形 / 动词过去式,主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
例句:
If humans were to ignore the balance of nature, ecological disasters would occur more frequently.
如果人类忽视自然平衡,生态灾难将会更频繁地发生。
表示建议 / 命令 / 要求:主语 + suggest/insist/order + that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形(should 可省略)
例句:
Experts suggest that we (should) protect traditional villages before they disappear completely.
专家建议我们在传统村落彻底消失前加以保护。
应用练习:
文化保护话题
翻译句子:如果我们没有记录那些老工匠的技艺,这些传统手艺可能就会失传了。
参考答案:
If we had not recorded the skills of those old craftsmen, these traditional crafts might have been lost.
环保行动话题
翻译句子:如果每个人都能减少塑料使用,我们的海洋环境就会得到极大改善。
参考答案:
If everyone could reduce plastic use, our marine environment would be greatly improved.
教育建议话题
翻译句子:老师建议学校应该开设更多关于中国传统文化的课程。
参考答案:
Teachers suggest that schools (should) offer more courses on traditional Chinese culture.
四、综合应用
话题:传统文化传承与创新
核心词汇和短语
非物质文化遗产(intangible cultural heritage)
国家级遗产名录(national heritage list)
当地艺人(local artists)
传统手工艺(traditional crafts)、皮影戏(shadow puppetry)
剪纸(paper-cutting)、刺绣(embroidery)、皮质皮影(leather puppets)
耗时的(time-consuming)、累人的(tiring)
传承(pass on)、改革(reform)、古老艺术(ancient art)
融入现代设计(integrate modern design)、现代故事(modern stories)、剧目(plays)
吸引(appeal to)、青少年(teenagers)
工坊(workshop)、重焕活力(regain vitality)
写作要求:结合时间、条件、让步等状语从句及特殊句式,写一篇 80-100 词的短文,阐述传统手工艺的保护措施。
参考范文:
自从非物质文化遗产被列为国家级项目以来,更多年轻人加入了保护团队。尽管学习传统手工艺十分耗时,但他们坚持掌握剪纸、刺绣等技艺。如果我们将现代设计融入这些手工艺中,它们会吸引更多青少年。尽管这种方法看似简单,却已帮助许多工坊重焕生机。
Since intangible cultural heritage was listed as a national project, more young people have joined the protection team. Though learning traditional crafts is time-consuming, they insist on mastering skills like paper-cutting and embroidery. If we integrate modern design into these crafts, they will appeal to more teenagers. Simple as the method seems, it has already helped many workshops regain vitality.
练习
写作要求:
围绕 “传统皮影戏的传承与创新” 展开,词数 80-100 词;
需包含 since 引导的时间状语从句、though 引导的让步状语从句、if 引导的条件状语从句,以及 as 引导的倒装句;
内容需涉及保护措施及创新方法。
自从皮影戏被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录以来,当地工匠不遗余力地保护这门历史悠久的技艺。尽管操控皮质皮影需要极大的耐心和灵巧度,但他们坚持通过日常练习磨练技艺。如果我们在剧本中融入当代主题,这种传统艺术形式无疑会吸引更年轻的观众。尽管这项创新看似不起眼,却已为这门古老的表演注入了新的活力。
Since shadow puppetry was inscribed on the national intangible heritage list, local artisans have spared no efforts to preserve this time-honored craft. Though manipulating leather puppets requires immense patience and dexterity, they persist in honing their skills through daily practice. If we incorporate contemporary themes into the scripts, this traditional art form will undoubtedly captivate a younger audience. Modest as the innovation may seem, it has already breathed new life into the age-old performance.
五、课后练习
(一)句式综合翻译练习(每句需包含至少两种从句或特殊句式)
文化交流话题
练习:尽管中医理论难以理解,但自从它被引入西方后,已经帮助了许多患者缓解病痛。
参考答案:
Though TCM theories are hard to understand, they have helped many patients relieve pain since they were introduced to the West.
环保行动话题
练习:如果人们不减少私家车使用,无论政府采取多少措施,城市空气质量都不会改善。
参考答案:
Unless people reduce private car use, however many measures the government takes, urban air quality will not improve.
科技发展话题
练习:人工智能虽然简化了工作流程,但专家建议企业应该制定规则防止其滥用。
参考答案:
While AI has simplified work processes, experts suggest that enterprises (should) make rules to prevent its abuse.
(二)篇章写作训练
话题:青少年在乡村振兴中的作用
写作要求:
用 3-5 个不同类型的状语从句(时间、条件、结果等);
至少运用 1 种倒装句和 1 种虚拟句式;
词数 100-120 词。
写作框架提示:
时间状语从句:自从 “乡村振兴计划” 启动以来……
条件状语从句:如果青少年参与乡村支教……
结果状语从句:他们的到来如此受欢迎,以至于……
倒装句(否定词前置):从未有过如此多的年轻人愿意扎根乡村……
虚拟句式(与过去事实相反):如果早期没有政策支持,他们可能不会获得这样的机会……
参考范文:
Since the rural revitalization plan was launched, many teenagers have volunteered to teach in villages. If they bring knowledge of e-commerce, local farmers will sell products online more easily. Their arrival is so popular that every village celebrates their coming. Never have so many young people been willing to settle in rural areas. If there had been no policy support in the early stage, they might not have had such opportunities to contribute.