2026届高职高考英语复习语法第十六章虚拟语气课件(共47张PPT)

(共47张PPT)
第十六章　虚拟语气
【复习要求】
理解虚拟语气。
【知识要点】
一、语气的种类
语气是表示说话人对所发生的事情或所处的状态所持的态度或主观看法。
英语中有三种不同的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用不同的动词形式来表示。
2.祈使语气用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。如:
Don’t make a noise.
3.虚拟语气表示说话人认为他所说的话是和事实相反的主观设想或愿望。虚拟语气是通过动词的特殊形式来表达的。如:
I wish I could have slept longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.
二、虚拟语气的用法
1.在非真实条件中
虚拟语气主要用在虚拟条件从句及其表示结果的从句中,表示根本不存在的情况或实现可能性很小的假设。
(1)与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
表示现在实际上并不存在的情况,仅为假设而已,但强调该假设与已知事实相反。
条件从句中的谓语动词形式 主句中的谓语动词形式
V ed(be一般用were) would(should,could,might)+V
如:
If I were you,I wouldn’t do that.如果我是你,我就不会做那件事。
If I had time,I would go with you.如果我有时间,我会跟你去的。
If I knew his telephone number,I would ring him up.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就给他打电话。
If he were here,what would he say
要是他在这里,他会说什么呢
I am sorry I am very busy now.If I had time,I would certainly come to see you. 很抱歉,我很忙。如果我有时间,我一定去看你了。
(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
表示过去实际并未发生或存在的事,只表示对过去事实的假设。
如:
If I had taken your advice,I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.如果我当时听了你的话,我就不会犯这样的错误了。
If you had come earlier,you would/might have seen him.
要是你早点来,你就会/可能看见他了。
条件从句中的谓语动词形式 主句中的谓语动词形式
had+p.p. would(should,could,might)+have+p.p.
I would have chatted with you if I had known your number of QQ.
如果我知道你的QQ号码,我就会和你聊天了。
If he had not suggested it,the idea would never have entered her head.
如果他没有提及这件事,她永远不会起这个念头。
(3)对未来情况的假设
说话者认为所说的情况将来不可能发生,即使有,发生的可能性也不大,属于假设。
如:
If it rained(were to rain/should rain)tomorrow,I should stay at home.如果明天下雨,我就待在家里。
If she failed again,she would go home.
她要是再次失败,她就会回家去。
条件从句中的谓语动词形式 主句中的谓语动词形式
V ed(be一般用were),should+V,
were to+V should(would,could,might)+V
2.在宾语从句中
(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句用动词的过去式来表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反。如:
I wish I knew his address.我要是知道他的地址就好了。
He wishes he hadn’t been rude to his parents.
他真希望他没有对他的父母无礼。
(2)在动词suggest,demand,order,insist,request等后面的宾语从句中,用should(用于所有人称)+V来表示,should可以省略。如:
Our teacher suggested that everyone(should)have a map.
老师建议我们每人备一张地图。
She insisted that we(should)discuss the plan at the meeting.
她坚持认为我们要在开会时讨论这个计划。
He ordered that all(should)take part in the work.
他命令所有的人都参加这项工作。
Experiments demand that accurate measurements(should)be made.实验要求做到准确的计算。
The students required that they(should)have more time to have a rest.学生们要求有更多的时间来休息。
3.在定语从句中
这种从句常用在It is time(that)...句型中,如:
It is time we started.我们该出发了。
4.在表语从句和同位语从句中
虚拟语气可用在表语从句中。这种从句由that(可省去)所引导,其谓语是should+V。句子主语常常是suggestion,proposal,idea,request等名词。如:
My idea is that the electronic device(should)be tested as soon as possible.
我的意见是尽快对电子设备进行测试。
His suggestion was that I(should)keep on reading English for half an hour every morning.
他建议我每天早上坚持读半个小时的英语。
虚拟语气也可用在同位语从句中,如:
He gave orders that the work(should)be started at once.
他命令工作马上开始。
5.在主语从句中
在主语从句中,虚拟语气的谓语动词用should+V(或should+have+p.p.)或只用动词原形。这种主语从句由连词that所引导,常用在It is(was)important(necessary...)that...句型中,如:
It is important that we make full use of our mineral resources.
对我们来说,充分利用我们的矿产资源是重要的。
It is necessary that the work should be done.这工作必须立即完成。
【例题解析】
(　　)1.Your advice that Mary 　　　　till next week is reasonable.
A.will wait B.waits
C.wait D.is going to wait
【答案】　C
【解析】　主句中含有advice,suggestion,idea,request,proposal等词的表语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+V,所以正确答案为C。
(　　)2.How I wish I 　　　　fly!
A.can B.could
C.will be able to D.had been able to
【答案】　B
【解析】　本题考查的是wish后宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。在动词wish后面的宾语从句中,如表示不可实现的愿望,用动词的过去式来表示对现在的虚拟,用动词的过去完成时来表示对过去的虚拟。由上得知,答案是B。
(　　)3.Mr.White 　　　　at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didn’t come.
A.should have arrived B.should arrive
C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving
【答案】　A
【解析】　本句考查的是should have+p.p.表示“过去应该发生而实际并未发生”的用法。句子的意思是“怀特先生本应该八点半来开会,但是他没有来。”根据题意应该表示“该来而未来”,用should have+p.p.的结构。
(　　)4.Do you suggest Mr.Zhang 　　　　to work at Shanghai Branch
A.send B.sent C.be sent D.being sent
【答案】　C
【解析】　本句考查的是suggest 表示“建议”时所接的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。在动词suggest,demand,order等后面的宾语从句中,用should+动词原形表示虚拟。另外从句应该用被动语态,所以答案是C。
【同步精练】
(　　)1.If I 　　　　you,I wouldn’t return the call.
A.be B.am C.was D.were
【答案】 D
【解析】本题考查的是if引导的虚拟语气。不论人称,be动词的虚拟语气一律用were。
(　　)2.—Your performance was very good.
—I could have done it better if I 　　　　more time.
A.have had B.had
C.had had D.will have had
【答案】 C
【解析】本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。主句中谓语用could+have+p.p.,则从句中的谓语要用had+p.p.。
(　　)3.If human beings 　　　　on the moon,they would surely die there.
A.were to live B.was to live
C.were live D.live
【答案】 A
【解析】本题考查的是表示将来实现的可能性很小的虚拟语气。主句中的谓语用would+V(原形),则从句中的谓语可用动词的过去式should+V(原形)/were to+V(原形)。
(　　)4.It’s high time you　　　　.
A.start to work B.would start to work
C.started to work D.had started to work
【答案】 C
【解析】本题考查的是句型 It’s high time+主语+动词的一般过去时+其他。
(　　)5.If I had a bike,I 　　　　it to you.
A.would lend B.would have lent
C.lent D.should have lent
【答案】 A
【解析】本题考查的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词用一般过去时,主句中的谓语用would/should/might/could+V(原形)。
(　　)6.If Mr.Li were here,he 　　　　me how to do it.
A.told B.had told
C.is going to tell D.would tell
【答案】 D
【解析】本题从句的谓语动词用were,是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句中的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
(　　)7.Sally can’t have written to me,or 　　　　the letter by now.
A.I’ll get B.I’ll have got
C.I’d have got D.I’d get
【答案】 C
【解析】该题考查的是虚拟语气。前面所给出的句子不是虚拟语气,是对过去事情的否定的推测;而后面的句子要用虚拟语气。该句意为:萨利不可能写信给我了,否则的话我现在已经收到她的来信了。
(　　)8.If you had spoken clearly,you　　　　.
A.would understand
B.would be understood
C.would have been understood
D.would have understood
【答案】 C
【解析】该题考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。条件从句中是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句中要用would+have+p.p.。该句的意思是:如果你说得够清楚的话,你就会被别人理解。所以要用被动语态的形式,即would+have+been+p.p.。
(　　)9.Jim suggested that a party 　　　　next weekend.
A.should hold B.hold
C.held D.should be held
【答案】 D
【解析】该题考查的是动词suggest后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。该虚拟语气的构成是should+V(原形),should 可以省略。但该宾语从句中的主语是a party,它和hold的关系是被动的,所以要用被动语态的形式,即 should+be+p.p.。
(　　)10.If the boss 　　　　her well,she might not have left the company.
A.treated B.were treated
C.had treated D.should treat
【答案】 C
【解析】该题考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。主句中的谓语动词为might not+have+p.p.,所以相应的从句中的谓语动词应为 had+p.p.。
(　　)11.If the assistant 　　　　next Sunday,we will go boating together.
A.will come B.comes
C.shall come D.should come
【答案】 B
【解析】该题考查的是真实的条件句。“主将从现”,即主句中用一般将来时,从句中要用一般现在时表将来。
(　　)12.I wish 　　　　something about accounting now.
A.I know B.I knew
C.had I known D.I have known
【答案】 B
【解析】该题考查的是wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句中用动词的过去式,表示与现在事实相反。
(　　)13.The doctor ordered that my father 　　　　smoking as soon as possible.
A.give up B.gave up
C.gives up D.will give up
【答案】 A
【解析】该题考查的是order后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,它的构成是should+V(原形),should可以省略,直接用动词原形的形式。
(　　)14.He treats the boy as if 　　　　his own son.
A.he is B.is he
C.he should be D.he were
【答案】 D
【解析】该题考查的是as if 后的虚拟语气,从句中用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反。
(　　)15.　　　　in your age,I would go with him.
A.If I was B.If I were
C.If was I D.If I am
【答案】 B
【解析】该题考查的是虚拟语气。从句中动词用的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句中动词要用一般过去时。be 动词的虚拟语气的形式要用were。
(　　)16.It is important that all the vocational students 　　　　one or two foreign languages.
A.could master B.have mastered
C.mastered D.master
【答案】 D
【解析】该题考查的是 It is important(necessary...)that...的句型中,that 后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气。它的构成是should+V(原形),
should 可省略。
(　　)17.The manager 　　　　to help us if he had not been so busy.
A.would not come B.would not have come
C.would come D.would have come
【答案】 D
【解析】该题考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句中用 had not+p.p.,主句中要用 would+have+p.p.。
(　　)18.If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night,　　.
A.you would meet John already
B.you won’t have missed John
C.you will have met John
D.you would have met John
【答案】 D
【解析】该题考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句中用 hadn’t+p.p.,主句中要用 would+have+p.p.。
(　　)19.　　　　you,I wouldn’t do that.
A.Were I B.If I have been
C.Have I been D.Would I be
【答案】 A
【解析】该题考查的是省略if的虚拟条件句的构成。将were提前,省略if。
(　　)20.If I 　　　　the train,I would catch the next one.
A.would miss B.should miss
C.were missing D.have missed
【答案】 B
【解析】该题考查的是表示与将来事实相反或将来实现的可能性很小的虚拟语气。从句中要用:动词的过去式/should+V(原形)/
were to+V(原形)。
(　　)21.Wouldn’t you rather your child 　　　　to bed early
A.went B.goes C.go D.would go
【答案】 A
【解析】该题考查的是would rather that 后所接的从句(that可以省略)要用虚拟语气,它是由动词的过去式构成的。
(　　)22.Mike’s uncle insists 　　　　in his hotel.
A.that he not stay B.staying not
C.that he would not stay D.not to stay
【答案】 A
【解析】 insist 作“坚持”的意思,它后面所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式,即should+V(原形),should可以省略。
(　　)23.Had it been possible,I would have told him the answer,but I　　　　so busy then.
A.had been B.were C.was D.would be
【答案】 C
【解析】but前所给出的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子,but是表示意思上的转折,后面所接的句子不是虚拟语气,而是陈述一个过去的事实。
(　　)24.We　　　　 the work on time without your help.
A.mustn’t have finished B.must not finish
C.couldn’t have finished D.needn’t finish
【答案】 C
【解析】该题中是用介词短语without your help来代替一个虚拟的条件句。根据句意: 没有你们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成工作。
(　　)25.The law requires that everyone　　　　 his car checked at least once a year.
A.has B.had C.have D.have had
【答案】 C
【解析】动词require 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即should+V(原形),should 也可省略,直接用动词原形。
(　　)26.His doctor’s suggestion is that he　　　　 a short trip abroad.
A.will take B.would take C.take D.took
【答案】 C
【解析】名词suggestion 后的表语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即should+V(原形),should 也可省略,直接用动词原形。
(　　)27.If I　　　　 you,I　　　　 more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A.was;shall pay B.am;will pay
C.would be;would pay D.were;would pay
【答案】 D
【解析】该题考查的是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。虚拟条件句中和主句中的谓语动词分别为:动词的过去式,would+V(原形)。
(　　)28.Had I known her name,　　　　.
A.or does she know mine
B.and where does she live
C.she would be beautiful
D.I would have invited her to lunch
【答案】 D
【解析】该题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。条件从句中将had 提前,省略了if,所以主句中要用would+have+p.p.。
(　　)29.If the sun　　　　 in the west,my life would be different.
A.had risen B.were to rise
C.rises D.has risen
【答案】 B
【解析】该题考查的是表示与将来事实相反或将来实现的可能性很小的虚拟语气。条件从句中的谓语动词应该为:动词的过去式/should+V(原形)/were to+V(原形)。
(　　)30.You　　　　 the train if you　　　　 a little earlier.
A.could take;started
B.could have taken;had started
C.could take;had started
D.could have taken;started
【答案】 B
【解析】该题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。条件从句中的谓语动词应该为:had+p.p.,主句中的谓语动词应为: could+have+p.p.。